An automated industrial notification platform creates a link between a given industrial asset and one or more people or support entities qualified to provide support for the asset. An industrial device or machine stores electronic expert tag information that records and catalogs one or more support people or entities to be notified in response to detection of various types of performance or maintenance issues. The tag can include the experts' identities, contact information, roles relative to the industrial asset, event priorities, and other relevant information. Since the tag is stored in a memory location of the industrial asset, the tag travels with the asset so that experts are globally associated with the asset regardless of the asset's location. notification components integrated with the industrial asset detect conditions that may require expert assistance, and send an automated notification to one or more experts identified by the tag information.
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9. A method for generating automated notifications, comprising:
in response to detecting a software update performed on an industrial device, recording, by a system comprising a processor, a record of the software update in expert tag information stored on the industrial device;
detecting, by the system, occurrence of an event associated with the industrial device;
determining, by the system, an event type corresponding to the event;
determining, by the system, a recipient to be notified of the event based on the expert tag information stored on the industrial device, wherein the determining comprises:
determining a first location of the industrial device based on location data stored as part of the expert tag information, and
selecting the recipient in response to determining that the event type of the event is defined in the expert tag information as being associated with the recipient and that a second location of the recipient is within a defined distance of the first location of the industrial device;
generating, by the system, notification information based on the event;
initiating, by the system, a sending of the notification information to a client device associated with the recipient via an external network, wherein the notification information includes the record of the software update; and
updating, by the system, the expert tag information based on at least one of manual input or an automatically detected status of the industrial device.
16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, in response to execution, cause a system comprising a processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
in response to detecting a software update performed on an industrial device, adding a record of the software update in expert tag information stored on the industrial device;
determining that an event associated with the industrial device has occurred for which a notification is to be generated;
determining an event type of the event;
referencing the expert tag information stored on the industrial device based on an identification of the event, wherein the expert tag information identifies a first location of the industrial device and assigns recipients to respective event types;
selecting one or more recipients for the notification based on the referencing, wherein the selecting comprises selecting, as the one or more recipients, a subset of the recipients that are assigned to the event type of the event and that are currently located at respective one or more second locations that are less than a defined distance from the first location of the industrial device;
generating the notification based on the event and device information included in the expert tag information;
initiating a sending of the notification to one or more client devices respectively associated with the one or more recipients, wherein the notification includes the record of the software update; and
updating the expert tag information based on at least one of manual input or an automatically detected status of the industrial device.
1. An industrial device, comprising:
a memory that stores executable components;
a processor, operatively coupled to the memory, that executes the executable components, the executable components comprising:
an event identification component configured to detect an event of the industrial device for which a notification is to be generated and to identify an event category of the event;
a notification component configured to determine a recipient for the notification based on expert tag information stored on the memory, and to generate notification information based on the event, wherein the expert tag information defines:
a first current location of the industrial device,
event categories, and
sets of one or more recipients respectively associated with the event type, categories, and
the notification component is configured to select, as the recipient, one of the defined recipients defined by the expert tag information as corresponding to the event category of the event, and having a second current location that is within a defined distance from the first current location defined by the expert tag;
a communication component configured to initiate a sending of the notification information to a client device associated with the recipient via an external network: and
a tag update component configured to add, as part of the expert tag information, a record of a software update performed on the industrial device in response to detection of the software update,
wherein the communication component is configured to include the record of the software update in the notification information, and
the tag update component is further configured to update the expert tag information based on at least one of manual input received via an interface component of the industrial device or an automatically detected status of the industrial device.
2. The industrial device of
3. The industrial device of
4. The industrial device of
5. The industrial device of
wherein the communication component is further configured to include location information identifying the geographical location in the notification information.
6. The industrial device of
the notification component is further configured to retrieve, from the memory, one or more maintenance notes determined to be relevant to the event of the industrial device, and
the communication component is further configured to include the one or more maintenance notes in the notification information.
7. The industrial device of
8. The industrial device of
a first data table that defines associations between the event categories and respective expert roles qualified to address the respective event categories, and
a second data table that defines associations between the expert roles and the sets of one or more recipients.
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
retrieving one or more maintenance notes stored or, the industrial device determined to be relevant to the event; and
generating the notification information to include the maintenance notes.
15. The method of
receiving and storing, by the system, video streams from respective video capture devices, and
sending, by the system as part of the notification information, a video presentation to the client device, the video presentation comprising a selected subset of the video streams.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of
18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of
19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of
generating the notification information to include the first location of the industrial device.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of
retrieving one or more maintenance notes stored on the industrial device determined to be relevant to the event; and
generating the notification information to include the maintenance notes.
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The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to industrial automation systems, and, more particularly, to an automated notification system that supports creation of an association between an industrial asset and a set of qualified support people capable of providing service for the asset.
The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects described herein. This summary is not an extensive overview nor is intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the various aspects described herein. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
In one or more embodiments, an industrial device is provided, comprising an event identification component configured to detect a condition of the industrial device for which a notification is to be generated; a notification component configured to determine at least one recipient for the notification based on expert tag information stored on the memory, and to generate notification information based on the condition; and a communication component configured to initiate a sending of the notification information to the at least one recipient via an external network.
Also, one or more embodiments provide a method for generating automated notifications, comprising detecting, by a system comprising at least one processor, occurrence of an event associated with an industrial device; determining, by the system, at least one recipient to be notified of the event based on expert tag information stored on the industrial device; generating, by the system, notification information based on the event; and sending, by the system, the notification information to the at least one recipient via an external network.
Also, according to one or more embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided having stored thereon instructions that, in response to execution, cause a system to perform operations, the operations comprising, determining that an event associated with an industrial device has occurred for which a notification is to be generated; referencing expert tag information stored on the industrial device based on the event; selecting one or more recipients for the notification based on the referencing; generating the notification based on the event and device information included in the expert tag information; and initiating a sending of the notification to the one or more recipients.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative of various ways which can be practiced, all of which are intended to be covered herein. Other advantages and novel features may become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
The subject disclosure is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding thereof. It may be evident, however, that the subject disclosure can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate a description thereof.
As used in this application, the terms “component,” “system,” “platform,” “layer,” “controller,” “terminal,” “station,” “node,” “interface” are intended to refer to a computer-related entity or an entity related to, or that is part of, an operational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, wherein such entities can be either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, a hard disk drive, multiple storage drives (of optical or magnetic storage medium) including affixed (e.g., screwed or bolted) or removable affixed solid-state storage drives; an object; an executable; a thread of execution; a computer-executable program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution, and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. Also, components as described herein can execute from various computer readable storage media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry which is operated by a software or a firmware application executed by a processor, wherein the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components can include a processor therein to execute software or firmware that provides at least in part the functionality of the electronic components. As further yet another example, interface(s) can include input/output (I/O) components as well as associated processor, application, or Application Programming Interface (API) components. While the foregoing examples are directed to aspects of a component, the exemplified aspects or features also apply to a system, platform, interface, layer, controller, terminal, and the like.
As used herein, the terms “to infer” and “inference” refer generally to the process of reasoning about or inferring states of the system, environment, and/or user from a set of observations as captured via events and/or data. Inference can be employed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states, for example. The inference can be probabilistic—that is, the computation of a probability distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inference results in the construction of new events or actions from a set of observed events and/or stored event data, whether or not the events are correlated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and data come from one or several event and data sources.
In addition, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from the context, the phrase “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, the phrase “X employs A or B” is satisfied by any of the following instances: X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to a singular form.
Furthermore, the term “set” as employed herein excludes the empty set; e.g., the set with no elements therein. Thus, a “set” in the subject disclosure includes one or more elements or entities. As an illustration, a set of controllers includes one or more controllers; a set of data resources includes one or more data resources; etc. Likewise, the term “group” as utilized herein refers to a collection of one or more entities; e.g., a group of nodes refers to one or more nodes.
Various aspects or features will be presented in terms of systems that may include a number of devices, components, modules, and the like. It is to be understood and appreciated that the various systems may include additional devices, components, modules, etc. and/or may not include all of the devices, components, modules etc. discussed in connection with the figures. A combination of these approaches also can be used.
Modern industrial enterprises are reliant on a large number of industrial assets that are crucial to the productive and financial goals of the enterprise. These assets include, for example, industrial machines that carry out manufacturing processes, the industrial controllers and associated I/O devices that control those machines, any peripheral systems or devices that participate in the machine control or quality verification processes (e.g., vision systems, quality check systems, industrial safety systems, motor drives, etc.), and other such assets.
I/O devices 108 may include both input devices that provide data relating to the controlled machines to the industrial controllers 118, and output devices that respond to control signals generated by the industrial controllers 118 to control aspects of the industrial systems. Example input devices can include telemetry devices (e.g., temperature sensors, flow meters, level sensors, pressure sensors, etc.), manual operator control devices (e.g., push buttons, selector switches, etc.), safety monitoring devices (e.g., safety mats, safety pull cords, light curtains, etc.), and other such devices. Output devices may include motor drives, pneumatic actuators, signaling devices, robot control inputs, valves, and the like.
Industrial controllers 118 may communicatively interface with I/O devices 108 over hardwired or networked connections. For example, industrial controllers 118 can be equipped with native hardwired inputs and outputs that communicate with the I/O devices 108 to effect control of the machines 112. The native controller I/O can include digital I/O that transmits and receives discrete voltage signals to and from the field devices, or analog I/O that transmits and receives analog voltage or current signals to and from the devices. The controller I/O can communicate with a controller's processor over a backplane such that the digital and analog signals can be read into and controlled by the control programs. Industrial controllers 118 can also communicate with I/O devices 108 over a network using, for example, a communication module or an integrated networking port. Exemplary networks can include the Internet, intranets, Ethernet, DeviceNet, ControlNet, Data Highway and Data Highway Plus (DH/DH+), Remote I/O, Fieldbus, Modbus, Profibus, wireless networks, serial protocols, and the like. Some controllers may also support hardwired point-to-point communication (e.g. Highway Addressable Remote Transducer, or HART, protocol) that allows the controllers to pass digital information serial over a hardwired link. The industrial controllers 118 can also store persisted data values that can be referenced by the control program and used for control decisions, including but not limited to measured or calculated values representing operational states of a controlled machine or process (e.g., tank levels, positions, alarms, etc.) or captured time series data that is collected during operation of the automation system (e.g., status information for multiple points in time, diagnostic occurrences, etc.).
Other industrial assets can include, for example, one or more human-machine interfaces 114 that allow plant personnel to view telemetry and status data associated with the industrial machines 112, and to control some aspects of system operation. HMIs 114 may communicate with one or more of the industrial controllers 118 over a wired or wireless plant network 116 or via a direct communication cable, and exchange data with the industrial controllers to facilitate visualization of information relating to the controlled industrial systems on one or more pre-developed operator interface screens. HMIs 114 can also be configured to allow operators to submit data to specified data tags or memory addresses of the industrial controllers 118, thereby providing a means for operators to issue commands to the controlled systems (e.g., cycle start commands, device actuation commands, etc.), to modify setpoint values, etc. HMIs 114 can generate one or more display screens through which the operator interacts with the industrial controllers 118, and thereby with the controlled processes and/or systems. Example display screens can visualize present states of industrial systems or their associated devices using graphical representations of the processes that display metered or calculated values, employ color or position animations based on state, render alarm notifications, or employ other such techniques for presenting relevant data to the operator. Data presented in this manner is read from industrial controllers 118 by HMIs 114 and presented on one or more of the display screens according to display formats chosen by the HMI developer.
Other industrial assets may not be directly involved in the control of industrial machines 112, but may perform related peripheral functions. For example, one or more data historians 110 may reside on the plant network 116, and serve to aggregate and store operational and/or production information collected from the industrial controllers 118 or other data sources. This stored data can be retrieved and viewed by plant personnel, or leveraged by reporting applications to generate production reports.
For a given industrial machine, device, or collection of industrial assets within an industrial enterprise, there is often a limited set of people with special expertise in operating or maintaining those assets. This is especially true of custom-built machines, such as those built by an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) according to specifications provided by an end user. Consequently, when these assets experience a fault condition, identifying the most suitable people to respond to the fault condition can be a difficult task. Moreover, if an expert is located off-premise (as is often the case with OEMs), the end user may experience difficulty locating and contacting the most suitable people for addressing a machine issue. Also, if the fault is discovered and reported by a person with little or no understanding of the asset's operation, accurately conveying the information required by the expert to perform an initial diagnosis of the problem presents another challenge.
Another complication arises if a machine or other industrial asset changes location within the plant. For example, a particular industrial asset may initially be located in a first production area, where troubleshooting and maintenance of the asset is performed by maintenance personnel associated with that production area. If the asset is relocated to a different production area, maintenance personnel assigned to that work area may not have the same level of knowledge and expertise with regard to maintenance of the asset. Although the original team of maintenance personnel may still be available within the plant to assist with asset performance issues, the new maintenance personnel may not have immediate knowledge of which maintenance personnel were originally responsible for the asset. A similar problem arises if the industrial asset changes ownership, which involves not only relocating the asset but also placing the asset under the supervision of new personnel with no previous experience in the operation and maintenance of the machine.
To address these and other issues, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide an automated industrial notification platform that creates a permanent link between a given industrial asset and one or more people or entities capable of providing service for the asset. To this end, an industrial asset or machine include a means for recording an association between the asset and one or more relevant people or entities who have sufficient understanding of the machine to provide service or advice. This association can be created, for example, by creating and maintaining a digital tag that resides on the industrial asset. The tag can include the experts' identities, contact information, roles relative to the industrial asset or machine (e.g., OEM, maintenance person, system integrator, operator, etc.) and other relevant information. Since the tag is stored in a memory location associated with the asset, the tag travels with the industrial asset so that the experts are globally associated with the machine regardless of the location of the asset. The tags allow an industrial machine or device to be associated with users or companies across different enterprises, including the machine builder (e.g., the OEM), local maintenance people or engineers at the customer site, system integrators involved with the installation and integration of the machine into the customer's larger industrial system, etc.
The digital tag works in conjunction with automated diagnostic and notification components integrated into the industrial machine or device. These components automatically detect conditions that may require expert assistance, such as a downtime condition, an operational inefficiency, an alarm condition, or other such conditions. In response to detection of a condition requiring service or attention, the asset's automated notification components access the tagged information and determine one or more suitable experts or expert entities based on the type of the detected issue. In some embodiments, the system may consider additional factors in connection with determining the suitable experts, including but not limited to the time of the detected condition, the current location of the industrial machine or device, or other such considerations. The notification components then send one or more notifications to a personal device associated with the selected experts based on contact information recorded on the digital tag. The notification can include relevant information about the issue, including the current location of the asset, the specifics for the detected issue, or other such information.
In some embodiments, rather than maintaining the expert information on the industrial asset itself, the expert information for the asset and associated notification components can be maintained on a separate server device or on a cloud platform. In such embodiments, in response to detection of a service issue, the industrial asset can send a message to the server or cloud-based notification system identifying the asset and the nature of the service issue. The notification system on the server or cloud platform can then access the expert information for the identified asset and determine the appropriate experts based on the nature of the issue and other relevant information (e.g., the time of day, the current location of the machine and/or the respective candidate experts, etc.).
Industrial automated notification system 202 can include an interface component 204, an event identification component 206, a notification component 208, a tag update component 210, a location component 214, a communication component 216, one or more processors 218, and memory 220. In various embodiments, one or more of the interface component 204, event identification component 206, notification component 208, tag update component 210, location component 214, communication component 216, the one or more processors 218, and memory 220 can be electrically and/or communicatively coupled to one another to perform one or more of the functions of the industrial automated notification system 202. In some embodiments, components 204, 206, 208, 210, 214, and 216 can comprise software instructions stored on memory 220 and executed by processor(s) 218. Industrial automated notification system 202 may also interact with other hardware and/or software components not depicted in
In various embodiments, the components of industrial automated notification system 202 can be integrated components of an industrial machine, device, or other asset. For example, in some embodiments, industrial automated notification system 202 can be implemented on an industrial controller, a motor drive (e.g., a variable frequency drive or other type of motor drive), a meter or other telemetry device, an HMI terminal, a vision system, a barcode stamper or reader, a computing component of an industrial machine, or other such industrial asset. Alternatively, some or all of the components of industrial automated notification system 202 can reside separately from the industrial asset(s) for which service notifications are to be delivered. In such embodiments, the automated notification system may reside and execute on a cloud-platform, on a web server, on a local server, or other such platform.
Interface component 204 can be configured to receive user input and to render output to the user in any suitable format (e.g., visual, audio, tactile, etc.). User input can be, for example, expert registration information that identifies an expert to be associated with the industrial asset, as well as other relevant information about the expert and/or conditions under which the expert is to be notified. The expert registration information can include, for example, contact information for the expert, a type of issue for which the expert is to be notified, a time during which the expert may be notified, a company with which the expert is affiliated, or other such information.
Event identification component 206 can be configured to monitor for and identify conditions of the industrial asset for which expert assistance may be warranted. For example, the event identification component 206 may be configured to monitor statuses of the industrial asset—e.g., alarm conditions, performance data generated by the asset during operation, etc.—and identify when one or more of the monitored statuses satisfies a condition indicative of a performance issue for which a notification is to be generated. These detected notification conditions can include, but are not limited to, alarm statuses indicating a downtime condition or other type of fault with the industrial asset, a deviation of a key performance indicator from a defined acceptable range, or other such conditions.
Notification component 208 can be configured to generate notification information directed to one or more experts or expert entities in response to detection of a notification event (by event identification component 206). The recipient(s) and content of the notification information can be based on the type of issue identified by the event identification component 206, a scheduled availability of the candidate experts, a location of the candidate experts relative to the industrial asset, a time of day, or other contextual information. The notification component 208 can determine one or more recipients for the notification based on expert information stored on a digital tag or other type of information storage object. Once the notification information has been generated and suitable recipients identified, the notification component 208 can initiate sending the notification information to client devices associated with the selected recipients.
Tag update component 210 can be configured to store, maintain, and update expert information in a memory location associated with the industrial asset, or in a centralized storage location such as cloud-based storage or server memory. Location component 214 can be configured to identify a location of the industrial asset, which can be leveraged by the notification system to determine one or more suitable experts for a given issue based in part on the location of the asset (e.g., a geographical location, a plant in which the asset resides, a work area within the plant, etc.). The communication component 216 can be configured to wirelessly communicate with one or more external networks and/or devices in connection with delivering notifications and service requests to expert personnel. For example, in one or more embodiments, the communication component 216 can be configured to exchange information with a communication infrastructure via an external network such as the Internet or a telephone network, in order to send notification information to a client device or account associated with a user (e.g., a personal phone, an email account, a wearable computer, etc.). In other embodiments, communication component 216 can be configured to communicate with devices over a local wireless network within the plant facility in which the industrial asset resides.
The one or more processors 218 can perform one or more of the functions described herein with reference to the systems and/or methods disclosed. Memory 220 can be a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions and/or information for performing the functions described herein with reference to the systems and/or methods disclosed.
The tag storage area 302 can store system identification information 306 that uniquely identifies the industrial asset for the purpose of generating automated notifications. The system identification information 306 can comprise, for example, one or more of a user-defined name for the industrial asset 304, a vendor-defined device or asset type identifier (e.g., a vendor and model number of the industrial asset), or other relevant information. In some embodiments, system identification information 306 can also comprise contextual information relating to a location or function of the industrial asset 304. This contextual information may include, for example, a customer identifier that identifies the owner of the asset (e.g., the industrial enterprise, company, etc.), a production area or workcell in which the industrial asset resides, a role of the industrial asset within a particular industrial enterprise (e.g., control of an identified machining tool, leak test verification of a die cast engine block, etc.), or other such information.
The tag storage area 302 can also store an expert tag 308 that identifies one or more people or business entities qualified to provide assistance for the industrial asset 304. In addition to identifying the relevant experts, the expert tag 308 also classifies each expert according to the type of event or issue the expert is qualified to address.
The expert tag information associates each event category 402 with one or more experts 406 qualified to address the event type, as well as contact information 408 used by the system to determine how the notification should be delivered to the expert. In some embodiments, the expert tag information also identifies the company or business entity 404 with which the expert 406 is affiliated. Each item of contact information 408 can comprise any suitable type of information that can be used by the system to identify a destination communication node for the notification, including but not limited to a phone number (for delivery of text-based notifications or pre-recorded voice notifications), email addresses, a pager number, a web site or social media page to which a notification can be posted, or other such contact information.
In some embodiments, the expert tag information may also allow priority levels to be assigned to respective event categories. In such embodiments, the system may use the priority level information to determine how and/or when one or more recipients are to be contacted in response to detection of an event. For example, if an event having a low priority level is detected at a time when a candidate recipient is listed as unavailable (e.g., non-working hours), the system may defer delivery of the notification until the current time falls within the available time range for the recipient (e.g., when the working hours for the recipient begin). Alternatively, if an event having a high priority is detected, the system may send the notification immediately regardless of the current time. In addition to controlling the time at which notifications are sent, the defined priority level may also determine how the recipient is notified. For example, detection of a low priority event may cause the system to send a text message or an email notification to the recipient, while detection of a high priority event may cause the system to send both a text message and an automated phone call.
In some embodiments, in order to more easily maintain accurate associations between event categories and relevant experts capable of providing assistance for the respective event types, the expert tag information can be organized into separate information tables, as shown in
A second table 504 linked to table 502 associates each defined expert role with one or more experts having that role. Example table 504 defines three local maintenance experts associated with the local plant facility, two local engineers, one OEM, and one systems integrator. By separating the expert tag information in this manner, new experts can be added to a particular expert role using table 504, and those newly added experts will automatically be linked to the appropriate event categories for notification purposes by virtue of table 502. It is to be appreciated that the separate information tables depicted in
It is to be appreciated that the example expert tag information format depicted in
Returning now to
Information maintained in tag storage area 302—including the system identification information 306, expert tag 308, and maintenance notes 310—can be updated manually based on input provided by the user via the interface component 204, or dynamically by the industrial asset 304 based on detected conditions, events, or changes of status. Updates to the tag storage area 302 can be managed by a tag update component 210, which modifies selected sets of the tag information based on one or both of user input or automatically detected status changes or events.
With regard to manual updating of tag information, the interface component 204 can be configured to provide access to selected subsets of the tag information maintained in tag storage area 302. In one or more embodiments, interface component 204 can be configured to generate one or more configuration interface displays that provide access to the selected items of tag information, and serve these displays to a client device communicatively connected to the industrial asset over a wireless or hard-wired connection. The configuration interfaces may include one or more data entry fields corresponding to one or more items of tag data, allowing the user to modify the corresponding tag information. The configuration interfaces may also include interactive features that guide the user through the process of associating a particular event type to one or more expert entities, as well as configuring any additional information or criteria required to link a particular event or event type to a suitable expert (e.g., associating multiple different expert entities with a given event type, and defining a time period and/or day of the week for each expert entity defining the respective expected availabilities of each expert). The configuration interfaces can also allow the user to set the preferred contact information to be used to deliver notifications to the respective expert entities.
Since a given industrial asset may be associated with a particular set of event types that relate to that asset, the configuration options presented by the interface component 204 can be dependent on the type of the industrial asset 304. That is, the interface component 204 for a given industrial asset may be configured to present a selectable list of possible event types associated with that particular asset. For example, the interface component for a telemetry device—such as a pressure, temperature, or flow meter—may present a list of events including over value fault, under value fault, and read failure fault, while the interface component for a motor drive may present a list of events including overcurrent or undercurrent faults, overspeed or underspeed faults, overvoltage or undervoltage faults, etc. In this way, the user can easily review the event types for which expert information can be configured.
When the interface component 204 receives tag configuration information from the user (e.g., via the configuration interfaces), the tag update component 210 will update the appropriate items of tag information in accordance with the user's configuration input. The tag information can be updated as needed to reflect changes in the pool of experts qualified to perform maintenance services on the industrial asset. For example, when new personnel become qualified to work on industrial asset 304, when a previous expert is no longer available to work on the asset, or when an expert's contact information changes, information contained in the expert tag 308 can be updated to reflect the changes in order to maintain an accurate and current list of qualified personnel.
The industrial asset 304 can also update selected items of the tag information dynamically based on automatically detected device statuses or location changes. For example, location component 214 can be configured to determine a location of industrial asset 304, which can be used to update one or more items of the tag information. In one or more embodiments, location component 214 can determine a geographic location of the industrial asset 304 (e.g., in terms of geographic coordinates) using, for example, global positioning system (GPS) capabilities. In some embodiments, the system can cross-reference this geographic location with enterprise-specific location information in order to generate location information that may be more meaningful to the particular industrial enterprise in which the asset is used. For example, facility location information defining geographical locations of one or more plant facilities associated with an industrial enterprise may be stored on the industrial asset. This facility location information may comprise respective names of the industrial facilities (e.g., Marysville plant, southwest plant, etc.) as well as geographical coordinate information defining the locations of the respective facilities. Upon determining the current geographic location of the industrial asset 304, the location component 214 can cross-reference this asset location with the facility location information to determine whether the asset's current location corresponds to a location of one of the defined industrial facilities. If so, the tag information is updated to indicate that the asset 304 is currently located in the identified industrial facility.
In some embodiments, this technique can be used to determine the asset's location within an industrial enterprise at a more granular level. For example, in addition to the plant facility, the location component 214 can identify a particular work area—of a number of defined work areas—within the facility in which the asset 304 is currently located. In this way, the location component 214 can reference a hierarchical geographic model of an industrial enterprise that defines geographic locations of one or more plant facilities, work areas within those facilities, machines within those work areas, etc., in order to determine a location of the asset 304 within a custom-defined industrial context. The tag update component 210 can then set this location information as part of the tag information stored in the tag storage area 302. This location information can be leveraged by the notification system to determine one or more suitable experts for a given issue based in part on the location of the asset.
Other items of tag information can also be updated dynamically by internal asset components. For example, the tag update component 210 can be configured to automatically track software, firmware, or operating system version history for the industrial asset 304. Thus, when a maintenance person or engineer updates the firmware or other software on industrial asset 304, the tag update component 210 automatically updates the stored maintenance notes to record the date and time of the installation and the firmware/software version that was installed.
With the tag information configured and stored on the industrial asset, the customized expert definitions remain associated with the asset even if the asset is relocated to a different work area or plant facility, or sold to a different industrial enterprise. In this way, the pool of expertise and experience travels with the industrial asset, maintaining a link between the asset and the qualified personnel who have been involved with designing, installing, and/or maintaining the industrial asset in the past. Moreover, the structured nature of the tag information—whereby each defined expert is associated with a type of maintenance event, a location, a time of day, a day of week, etc.—provides a means for the industrial asset to select the appropriate set of experts for a given event scenario.
When the industrial asset 304 is deployed within an industrial environment, the event identification component 206 monitors operation of the asset 304 to identify conditions for which expert assistance may be warranted. For example, the event identification component 206 can detect when the industrial asset 304 has generated an alarm or fault, experienced a downtime condition, performed an out-of-sequence operation, or other such condition. If the industrial asset 304 is an industrial controller that monitors and controls operation of an industrial machine or process, the event detected by the event identification component 206 may relate to the controller's internal operation (e.g., a controller fault) or to the machine or process being controlled. In the latter scenario, the alarm or fault conditions associated with the controlled machine or process may be defined by the user as part of the control program being executed on the industrial controller. For example, process parameter setpoint values, abnormal machine statuses, process alarm conditions, and other such notifiable conditions may be defined by the user within the industrial control program, and such conditions will be detected by the event identification component 206 and used as the basis for a notification trigger.
Other types of industrial assets, such as telemetry devices, motor drives, etc., may have a different set of associated notifiable conditions that will be monitored by the event identification component 206. For example, the event identification component 206 for a motor drive (e.g., a variable frequency drive or other type of drive) may monitor internal drive abnormals, including but not limited to overcurrent or undercurrent faults, overspeed or underspeed faults, overvoltage or undervoltage faults, etc.
In response to detection of an event falling under a notifiable category (as defined by the tag information in tag storage area 302), the event identification component 206 provides an indication of the event to the notification component 208.
For example, the notification component 208 may cross-reference the event or event category with information in the expert tag 308 in order to determine which experts or expert entities are defined as being qualified to address the detected issue. With reference to the example expert tag 308 illustrated in
In order to provide the recipients with sufficient information regarding the source of the notification and the nature of the detected event, notification component 208 can retrieve device or machine identification information from the system identification information 306. In some scenarios, the device or machine identification may comprise a user-defined name assigned to the industrial asset and recognizable by the recipient. Alternatively or in addition, the identification information can include a device model number or other vendor-defined identifier for the device or machine, current software or firmware version information if applicable, current device configuration settings, or other information that conveys to the recipients the identity of the industrial asset and any relevant asset configuration information. Since a notification of the detected even may be delivered to systems integrators or OEMs who are not direct employees of the industrial enterprise to which the industrial asset belongs, the system identification information may also include a customer name identifying the industrial enterprise that owns the industrial asset so that outside contractors will be informed of the customer from whom the notification was received. Information about the device or machine may be encrypted by the notification component 208 to ensure secure transport of the information to the recipients, such that access and/or decryption of the information is made possible by a security key provided to the recipients as part of the initial notification.
In some embodiments, the notification component 208 may also retrieve one or more maintenance notes 310 from the tag storage area. In such embodiments, the notification component 208 will select a subset of the stored maintenance notes determined to be relevant to the detected issue. For example, if the detected event is a software fault, the notification component 208 may retrieve the software version installation history from maintenance notes 310 for delivery to the selected recipients. In another example, a detected mechanical downtime issue may cause the notification component 208 to retrieve maintenance notes that were entered by maintenance personnel in connection with previous similar mechanical downtime events. Such maintenance notes may, for example, outline steps taken by maintenance personnel to address a previous mechanical fault.
After gathering the selected subset of tag information in response to the event notification, the notification component 208 sends notification data 602 to the communication component 216 for delivery to the selected recipients. Notification data 602 includes information identifying the detected event, as well as the relevant tag information collected from the tag storage area. Upon delivery to the recipients' target devices, the notification data 602 will render information about the event—e.g., the source of the event, the location and/or owner of the industrial asset, relevant device configuration and software version information, maintenance history, etc.—in a format suitable for display on the respective recipients' client devices.
Communication component 216 communicatively couples the respective industrial devices 704 to an external network 706, which may be a public network such as the Internet, a private or public cloud platform, or other external network. In one or more embodiments, communication component 216 may be configured to support single-direction communication, such that data can be sent from the industrial devices 704 to the external network 706, but data cannot be written to the industrial devices from the external network. Alternatively, some embodiments of communication component 216 may be configured to support limited or secured bi-directional communication that allows a user to remotely access data on the industrial device via the external network 706. In such embodiments, notification information delivered to selected recipients may include security key data that permits access to and decryption of information on the industrial device. In some scenarios, the industrial devices 704 may be configured to access the external network through a common firewall device located on a plant network.
When the notification component 208 of one of the industrial devices 704 initiates sending a notification of a detected event (e.g., a machine downtime condition, a device abnormal, a process parameter that has fallen outside a defined range, etc.), the communication component 216 sends the notification data 602 generated by the notification component 208 to the external network 706 for delivery to the selected recipients. The communication component 216 leverages the contact information for the respective recipients in order to instruct the communication infrastructure of the external network how to deliver the notifications to the respective recipients. For example, for recipients whose preferred contact method is email, the communication component 216 will send the notification data as an email directed to the email address defined for the recipient in the tag storage area. Depending on the communication method specified for the respective recipients, the communication component 216 can also send the notification data as a text message to be directed to the user's mobile device via the communication platform of the external network 706, as a social media posting on the recipient's social media page, as an automated text-to-speech message to be directed to the user's mobile phone, or as another suitably formatted notification message.
The notification information is then delivered to the one or more selected recipients, who may reside outside the plant (e.g., recipient 710a) or within the plant (e.g., recipient 710b). Upon delivery, the notification information will render, on the respective client devices, information gathered by the notification component 208 from the tag storage area determined to be relevant to the detected event, including but not limited to the type of the event; the plant facility, work area, and/or machine affected by the event; a time at which the event occurred; current configuration settings of the source device; current versions of software or firmware installed on the source device; previously recorded maintenance notes relevant to the detected issue; a list of other people to whom notifications of the event were sent; etc.
In some embodiments, the notification component can also be configured to include a security key in the delivered notifications that enables the recipients to remotely connect to the industrial device via the external network 706 for a temporary time and access additional information available on the device that may assist in remotely diagnosing the detected issue. For example, a notification received on the recipient's client device may generate and render a control (e.g., a soft button or other activation means) that, when activated, initiates a process of connecting the client device to the industrial device via the external network. The security key included in the notification data authenticates the client device for remote access to the industrial device. Once connected, the recipient may remotely browse available data items (e.g., device statuses, previously stored maintenance notes, etc.) store on the industrial device. Browsing of the stored information may be performed in connection with encryption features implemented on the industrial device that ensures the information remains secure from users other than the recipient.
Although the configuration illustrated in
As noted above, the tag and notification features described above can be applied at the machine level as well as at the device level. Machine-level notifications can be useful when an industrial enterprise has taken possession of a custom machine designed, built, and installed by outside contractors such as OEMs or system integrators.
Control system 812 may comprise a number of I/O devices 806 (e.g., motor drives, sensors or other telemetry devices, solenoid valves, remote I/O modules, etc.) interfaced with the industrial controller 810. The I/O devices 806 may be hardwired to the industrial controller's I/O modules, or may exchange data with the industrial controller 810 over a local network (e.g., EthernetIP, common industrial protocol, etc.). In addition, one or more of the I/O devices 806 may have a number of sub-devices 808 connected thereto. For example, if an I/O device is a remote I/O module, sub-devices 808 may comprise the I/O devices connected to that remote I/O module. The control cabinet 802 may also include an HMI terminal 804 for visualizing the machine or process being controlled by the control system 812. The HMI terminal 804 is communicatively connected to the industrial controller 810 over a local network connection or an interface cable.
In this example, the notification functionality of the industrial controller 810 manages notifications for the machine as whole. Accordingly, industrial controller 810 maintains notification tag information 814 for the machine. The notification tag information 814 may define, as the pool of experts, the engineers and machine builders associated with the OEM that provided the machine, the engineers or technicians associated with a systems integrator that installed the machine at the customer site (if installation and integration was not handled by the OEM), technical support personnel associated with a vendor of the industrial controller 810 and/or the I/O devices 806 and sub-devices 808, as well as any local support personnel associated with the customer facility who may have been assigned responsibility for operating or maintaining the machine (e.g., machine operators, shift supervisors, on-site maintenance personnel or engineers, etc.). Since the industrial control program executing on the industrial controller 810 typically defines the machine fault conditions as a function of the states of the I/O devices and sub-devices (e.g., proximity and/or optical sensors, meters that monitor machine parameters, etc.), the event identification component 206 residing on the industrial controller 810 can detect fault conditions for the industrial machine based on states of data registers of the controller's data table corresponding to defined fault conditions.
Examples described above have depicted the notification tag information and notification component as residing on the industrial device or asset for which notifications are to be generated. In some alternative embodiments, the tag information and notification component may reside on an external network, such as a cloud platform.
The communication components of industrial devices 1002 can be configured to discover and interact with cloud-based computing services (including the cloud-based notification system) 1006 hosted by the cloud platform. The cloud platform can be any infrastructure that allows shared computing services to be accessed and utilized by cloud-capable devices. The cloud platform can be a public cloud accessible via the Internet by devices having Internet connectivity and appropriate authorizations to utilize the services. In some scenarios, the cloud platform can be provided by a cloud provider as a platform-as-a-service (PaaS). In some such configurations, access to the cloud platform and the notification system can be provided to customers as a subscription service by an owner of the notification system. Alternatively, the cloud platform can be a private cloud operated internally by the industrial enterprise. An example private cloud platform can comprise a set of servers hosting the notification service and residing on a corporate network protected by a firewall.
Hosting the notification system 1006 on a cloud platform allows a common notification system to service multiple industrial assets, including assets belonging to multiple different end customers or industrial enterprises. Since the notification system 1006 provides notification services to multiple customers, the expert tag information for multiple different industrial assets is stored on the cloud platform and segregated according to customer. For example, the expert tag and maintenance note information for respective different industrial assets can be segregated according to customer and stored as customer profiles 1012. Each customer profile can have an associated customer identifier that uniquely identifies the customer or industrial entity to whom the notification tag information belongs. In addition, each customer profile may also include other customer-level information, including but not limited to primary contact information for the customer, general notification preferences to be applied to all notifications for that customer, preferred support personnel, any service contract information between the customer and a support provider (e.g., OEM, systems integrator, vendor, etc.) that dictates how and when notifications are sent, or other such customer-specific information.
When the event identification component of an industrial device 1002 detects a notifiable event, the notification component of that device sends notification information 1014 to a cloud interface 1010 of the notification system 1006, which manages communication between the industrial assets and the cloud services. The notification information 1014 generated by the industrial device can include, for example, information identifying the event, the device or machine from which the event originated, and a customer identifier that identifies the customer or industrial enterprise that owns the industrial asset. Since the expert tag information is stored as part of a customer profile on the cloud platform, rather than on the industrial asset itself, the notification information 1014 sent to the cloud platform does not need to include recipient information and contact information. Instead, selection of one or more suitable experts to be notified of the event will be performed on the cloud platform by the cloud-based notification system 1006 in this configuration.
Upon receipt of the notification information 1014, the notification component 1008 will identify the customer profile corresponding to the customer identifier received in the notification information 1014, and cross-reference the reported event with the expert tag information stored in association with the selected customer profile in order to determine the set of qualified personnel to be notified of the event, in a manner similar to examples described above. The notification component 1008 can also retrieve any relevant maintenance notes stored in the customer profile determined to be relevant to the detected event and include these maintenance notes in the notification. The cloud-based notification system can then initiate delivery of a notification 1016 to the one or more identified experts in accordance with the specified contact preferences for each expert.
Storing the expert tag information on a centralized system as depicted in
In another example, some embodiments of the cloud-based notification system 1006 can be configured to generate automated work orders if the detected event is determined to require an on-site visit to the customer's plant facility by an outside contractor. In such embodiments, the expert tag information may categorize different event types according to whether a site visit by a support provider is expected to be necessary in order to resolve the detected issue. The cloud-based system may also include billing information for customers participating in the service agreement. When an industrial asset reports an issue categorized as requiring a site visit, the notification system can, in addition to sending a notification to the support provider, generate an electronic work order using the customer's billing information, and make the work order accessible to the support provider. In this way, the system can mitigate the need for the customer to generate a work order prior to the support provider's visit.
Similarly, some embodiments of the cloud-based notification system 1006 can allow the event types to be categorized according to whether a replacement device or component will be necessary (e.g., a failed meter or I/O module, etc.). When an industrial asset reports an issue that is defined as requiring a replacement part, the notification system 1006 can, in addition to sending notifications to the relevant personnel, generate a purchase order for the device or component to be replaced.
As noted above, some embodiments of the notification system can determine one or more suitable recipients for a notification based on the recipients' locations in addition to the other criteria defined by the expert tags.
In this embodiment, when notification data is received by the cloud-based notification system in response to a detected issue (e.g., a downtime event of a machine), the notification component 1008 determines a set of candidate experts to be notified of the event based on the expert tag data stored in the customer profiles 1012, as in the examples described above. Additionally, the notification component 1008 can determine which of the candidate experts satisfy a location requirement relative to the location of the asset 1102 affected by the detected issue. For example, the customer profile corresponding to the owner of asset 1102 may define that, if multiple candidate recipients are located within the plant facility in which the asset 1102 resides, only those recipients within a defined distance from the asset are to be notified. This condition can be determined, for example, by comparing the current locations of the recipients with the recorded location of the asset 1102 (e.g., as determined by the asset's location component 214). In this way, the system only notifies local experts who are nearest to the asset and thus able to respond more quickly to the issue. In some embodiments, this location criterion may be applied only to candidate recipients who are within the plant facility, while other support personnel outside the plant facility (e.g., OEMs, device vendors, systems integrators, etc.) who are also listed as suitable experts to be notified of the issue will be sent notifications regardless of their relative location to the asset.
As shown in
In addition to the notifications described above, one or more embodiments of the cloud-based notification system can also be configured to deliver live video streams of a device or machine to a user's personal device to facilitate remote visual diagnosis.
In this example, the notification component 1008 delivers a notification to a client device 1218 associated with a suitable expert in response to detection of an issue within one of the work areas 1216. Also, either in response to detection of the issue or in response to a subsequent request received from the user's client device 1218, the notification component 1008 can select a dashboard from a set of stored dashboards 1220 for visualization of data relating to the affected area. The notification component 1008 is configured to add a video presentation to the dashboard, which is delivered using a secure connection. For example, the dashboard 1210 provided to the user may include interactive controls that allow the user to add live or historical video data 1208 as an overlay on the dashboard if such video information is available for the work area represented by the dashboard. In response to interaction with these controls, the dashboard component can overlay the video data over a selected portion of the dashboard.
Also, some embodiments of the cloud-based notification system can facilitate video conferencing between experts who have been notified of a detected event.
At 1504, electronic tag information stored on the industrial device is referenced to determine a set of recipients who satisfy one or more criteria relative to the event detected at step 1502. For example, the electronic tag information can define, for respective different events or event types, one or more experts qualified to address the event or event type. The electronic tag information can also define contact information for each expert, times that the respective experts are available, and other such information. A notification component of the industrial device can reference this tag information in order to determine which experts correspond to the event or event type, and are currently available to receive notifications.
At 1506, contextual information relevant to the detected event is collected by the industrial device. This contextual information can include, for example, a time at which the event occurred, configuration settings of the industrial device at the time the event occurred, a current software or firmware version installed in the industrial device, maintenance history information stored on the industrial device, or other such contextual information. At 1508, notification information is generated and sent to the set of recipients selected at step 1504, the notification information containing an identification of the event as well as the contextual information collected at step 1506. A communication component of the industrial device can send the notification information to the recipients via one or more wired or wireless networks, including but not limited to a plant network to which the device is connected, an external network such as the Internet or a cloud platform, a mobile telephone service platform, or other such networks.
At 1510, secure connection information is generated that enables the set of recipients to remotely connect to either the industrial device or a separate notification system in order to access or collect additional information about the event, the industrial device, and/or the owner of the industrial device. This may include, for example, generating authentication information that permits the set of recipients to access and/or decrypt the additional information.
At 1604, a customer profile corresponding to the source of the detected event is selected by the cloud-based notification system. For example, the notification request may include a customer identifier that identifies a customer (e.g., an industrial enterprise or owner of an industrial asset) with whom the industrial device is associated. The cloud-based notification system may maintain on cloud storage a set of customer-specific profiles, each having associated expert tag information that correlates events and/or event types with respective experts who are to be notified in response to detection of the defined events or event types. When a notification request is received, the cloud-based notification system selects the customer profile corresponding to the customer identifier included in the request.
At 1606, electronic tag information associated with the customer profile selected at 1604 is referenced to determine a set of recipients who satisfy one or more criteria relative to the detected event (e.g., in a manner similar to step 1504 of methodology 1500). In some embodiments, in addition to the electronic tag information, the cloud-based notification system may consider other factors when selected a suitable set of recipients, including but not limited to the locations of the recipients relative to a source of the detected event. At 1608, notification information is generated and sent to the set of recipients by the cloud-based notification system, the notification information containing an identification of the event and contextual information relating to the event.
Embodiments, systems, and components described herein, as well as industrial control systems and industrial automation environments in which various aspects set forth in the subject specification can be carried out, can include computer or network components such as servers, clients, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), automation controllers, communications modules, mobile computers, wireless components, control components and so forth which are capable of interacting across a network. Computers and servers include one or more processors—electronic integrated circuits that perform logic operations employing electric signals—configured to execute instructions stored in media such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), a hard drives, as well as removable memory devices, which can include memory sticks, memory cards, flash drives, external hard drives, and so on.
Similarly, the term PLC or automation controller as used herein can include functionality that can be shared across multiple components, systems, and/or networks. As an example, one or more PLCs or automation controllers can communicate and cooperate with various network devices across the network. This can include substantially any type of control, communications module, computer, Input/Output (I/O) device, sensor, actuator, instrumentation, and human machine interface (HMI) that communicate via the network, which includes control, automation, and/or public networks. The PLC or automation controller can also communicate to and control various other devices such as standard or safety-rated I/O modules including analog, digital, programmed/intelligent I/O modules, other programmable controllers, communications modules, sensors, actuators, output devices, and the like.
The network can include public networks such as the internet, intranets, and automation networks such as control and information protocol (CIP) networks including DeviceNet, ControlNet, and Ethernet/IP. Other networks include Ethernet, DH/DH+, Remote I/O, Fieldbus, Modbus, Profibus, CAN, wireless networks, serial protocols, near field communication (NFC), Bluetooth, and so forth. In addition, the network devices can include various possibilities (hardware and/or software components). These include components such as switches with virtual local area network (VLAN) capability, LANs, WANs, proxies, gateways, routers, firewalls, virtual private network (VPN) devices, servers, clients, computers, configuration tools, monitoring tools, and/or other devices.
In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter,
With reference to
The system bus 1718 can be any of several types of bus structure(s) including the memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus or external bus, and/or a local bus using any variety of available bus architectures including, but not limited to, 8-bit bus, Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro-Channel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics (IDE), VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Universal Serial Bus (USB), Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), Personal Computer Memory Card International Association bus (PCMCIA), and Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI).
The system memory 1716 includes volatile memory 1720 and nonvolatile memory 1722. The basic input/output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines to transfer information between elements within the computer 1712, such as during start-up, is stored in nonvolatile memory 1722. By way of illustration, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory 1722 can include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory 1720 includes random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).
Computer 1712 also includes removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media.
It is to be appreciated that
A user enters commands or information into the computer 1712 through input device(s) 1736. Input devices 1736 include, but are not limited to, a pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, TV tuner card, digital camera, digital video camera, web camera, and the like. These and other input devices connect to the processing unit 1714 through the system bus 1718 via interface port(s) 1738. Interface port(s) 1738 include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port, a game port, and a universal serial bus (USB). Output device(s) 1740 use some of the same type of ports as input device(s) 1736. Thus, for example, a USB port may be used to provide input to computer 1712, and to output information from computer 1712 to an output device 1740. Output adapters 1742 are provided to illustrate that there are some output devices 1740 like monitors, speakers, and printers, among other output devices 1740, which require special adapters. The output adapters 1742 include, by way of illustration and not limitation, video and sound cards that provide a means of connection between the output device 1740 and the system bus 1718. It should be noted that other devices and/or systems of devices provide both input and output capabilities such as remote computer(s) 1744.
Computer 1712 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer(s) 1744. The remote computer(s) 1744 can be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a workstation, a microprocessor based appliance, a peer device or other common network node and the like, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to computer 1712. For purposes of brevity, only a memory storage device 1746 is illustrated with remote computer(s) 1744. Remote computer(s) 1744 is logically connected to computer 1712 through a network interface 1748 and then physically connected via communication connection 1750. Network interface 1748 encompasses communication networks such as local-area networks (LAN) and wide-area networks (WAN). LAN technologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet/IEEE 802.3, Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 and the like. WAN technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links, circuit switching networks like Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) and variations thereon, packet switching networks, and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL). Network interface 1748 can also encompass near field communication (NFC) or Bluetooth communication.
Communication connection(s) 1750 refers to the hardware/software employed to connect the network interface 1748 to the system bus 1718. While communication connection 1750 is shown for illustrative clarity inside computer 1712, it can also be external to computer 1712. The hardware/software necessary for connection to the network interface 1748 includes, for exemplary purposes only, internal and external technologies such as, modems including regular telephone grade modems, cable modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.
What has been described above includes examples of the subject innovation. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the disclosed subject matter, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the subject innovation are possible. Accordingly, the disclosed subject matter is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
In particular and in regard to the various functions performed by the above described components, devices, circuits, systems and the like, the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., a functional equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure, which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary aspects of the disclosed subject matter. In this regard, it will also be recognized that the disclosed subject matter includes a system as well as a computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the acts and/or events of the various methods of the disclosed subject matter.
In addition, while a particular feature of the disclosed subject matter may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” and “including” and variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, these terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.”
In this application, the word “exemplary” is used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion.
Various aspects or features described herein may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. For example, computer readable media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips . . . ), optical disks [e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD) . . . ], smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive . . . ).
Como, Christopher W., Reissner, Kyle K., Reichard, Douglas J., Bliss, Ronald E., Gray, Edward A., Walter, Jonathan D., Singhai, Mohit, Sandler, Scott N., Pantaleano, Michael J., Cahalane, Ryan, Billi, Sharon M., Korpela, Jessica, McCleave, Bruce T.
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