According to an embodiment, a transfer apparatus includes a gripper, a first driving mechanism, an elastic passive joint part, a conveyor, a second driving mechanism, and base. The gripper grips an article. The first driving mechanism linearly moves the gripper in at least two directions including a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction. The elastic passive joint part is interposed between the gripper and the first driving mechanism, and operates in accordance with an operation of the gripper. The conveyor conveys the article. The second driving mechanism linearly moves the conveyor in the at least two directions, and is connected to the conveyor. The base supports the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism.
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1. An article taking-out method for an apparatus comprising a gripper which grips an article, an elastic passive joint part which is connected to the gripper and operates in accordance with an operation of the gripper, and a conveyor which conveys the article, the method comprising:
linearly moving the gripper in at least two directions to come into contact with an upper surface edge portion of the article, the at least two directions including a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction;
linearly moving the gripper in a state where the gripper grips the upper surface edge portion of the article to load the article on the conveyor; and
moving the conveyor,
wherein the apparatus comprises a driving mechanism comprising
a first moving member linearly movable in the first direction, and
a second moving member linearly movably supported by the first moving member in the second direction and connected to the gripper via the elastic passive joint part, and
wherein the method comprises moving the gripper with the driving mechanism.
2. An article taking-out method for an apparatus comprising a gripper which grips an article, an elastic passive joint part which is connected to the gripper and operates in accordance with an operation of the gripper, and a conveyor which conveys the article, the method comprising:
linearly moving the gripper in at least two directions to come into contact with an upper surface edge portion of the article, the at least two directions including a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction;
linearly moving the gripper in a state where the gripper grips the upper surface edge portion of the article to load the article on the conveyor; and
moving the conveyor,
wherein the at least two directions further includes a third direction intersecting with the first direction and the second direction,
wherein the apparatus comprises a driving mechanism comprising
a first moving member linearly movable in the first direction,
a second moving member linearly movably supported by the first moving member in the second direction, and
a third moving member linearly movably supported by the second moving member in the third direction and connected to the gripper via the elastic passive joint part, and
wherein the method comprises moving the gripper with the driving mechanism.
3. An article taking-out method for an apparatus comprising a gripper which grips an article, an elastic passive joint part which is connected to the gripper and operates in accordance with an operation of the gripper, and a conveyor which conveys the article, the method comprising:
linearly moving the gripper in at least two directions to come into contact with an upper surface edge portion of the article, the at least two directions including a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction;
linearly moving the gripper in a state where the gripper grips the upper surface edge portion of the article to load the article on the conveyor; and
moving the conveyor,
wherein the linearly moving the gripper in the state where the gripper grips the upper surface edge portion of the article comprises linearly moving the gripper upward to make a gap on a lower side of the article,
wherein the moving the conveyor comprises:
moving the conveyor to insert a leading end of the conveyor into the gap, and
driving the conveyor to load the article gripped by the gripper onto the conveyor, and
wherein the method further comprises:
performing positioning control of the conveyor with respect to the article and rotation control of the conveyor,
performing positioning control of the gripper with respect to the article, and
detecting an upper surface edge of the article or a position and a shape of the article to generate a detection signal, wherein the performing the positioning control of the conveyor comprises determining a position to be gripped in the article based on the detection signal.
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This is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/940,452, filed Nov. 13, 2015, which is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-230883, filed Nov. 13, 2014, the entire contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Embodiments described herein relate generally to a transfer apparatus and an article taking-out method.
In the field of distribution, as the supply chain is now globalized and laborers are growing old, the manpower for handling loading/unloading operations is likely to be in short supply, while the distribution quantities are increasing. Therefore, in recent years, a transfer apparatus has come into wide use to transfer an article (also called an object, a package, or a load). In the transfer apparatus, it is required to stably handle the article that is difficult to secure by the conventional vacuum gripping device, such as an article with irregular surfaces, an article which is likely to be deformed, an article wrapped in paper, and an inclined article.
As the transfer apparatus, an orthogonal mechanism robot and an articulated arm robot are known. The orthogonal mechanism robot and the articulated arm robot typically tend to be increased in size. For example, in a case where the orthogonal mechanism robot grips the article from the upside, it is required to use a vertically long arm Therefore, in a case where there is a spatial limitation such that the height of a roof is low, the orthogonal mechanism robot cannot be installed.
In addition, even in an articulated arm robot, redundant joints tend to be required to avoid the existing machine in a case where the article is gripped from the upside. Furthermore, in a case where the articles are stacked in a rectangular shape in a box pallet provided with an intermediate shelf, the further redundant joints are required when the article near the intermediate shelf in the box pallet is taken out. Therefore, the robot is increased in size and in cost.
According to an embodiment, a transfer apparatus includes a gripper, a first driving mechanism, an elastic passive joint part, a conveyor, a second driving mechanism, and base. The gripper grips an article. The first driving mechanism linearly moves the gripper in at least two directions including a first direction and a second direction intersecting with the first direction. The elastic passive joint part is interposed between the gripper and the first driving mechanism, and operates in accordance with an operation of the gripper. The conveyor conveys the article. The second driving mechanism linearly moves the conveyor in the at least two directions, and is connected to the conveyor. The base supports the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism.
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
As illustrated in
The transfer apparatus 10 transfers the article 53 stored in the box pallet 50 to the conveyor 60. The transfer apparatus 10 includes a base 12, a first driving mechanism 13, an elastic passive joint part 20, a gripper 21, a second driving mechanism 23, a moving conveyor 34, and a passive roller 35. The first driving mechanism 13, the elastic passive joint part 20, and the gripper 21 are collectively called an arm part, and the second driving mechanism 23, the moving conveyor 34, and the passive roller 35 are collectively called a transfer part. The arm part is positioned above the transfer part. The transfer apparatus 10 takes out the article 53 from the box pallet 50 using the arm part and the transfer part, and transports the taken-out article to the conveyor 60.
The gripper 21 grips the article 53 to take out the article 53 from the box pallet 50. The first driving mechanism 13 linearly moves the gripper 21 in at least two directions (for example, three directions). The first driving mechanism 13 is supported by the base 12. The elastic passive joint part 20 is interposed between the gripper 21 and the first driving mechanism 13. When external force is applied, the elastic passive joint part 20 makes a passive and elastic move by rotating the joint and expanding or contracting the linearly moving element along the force-receiving direction. The movement is called “simulating operation”.
The moving conveyor 34 conveys, to the conveyor 60, the article 53 taken out from the box pallet 50. The second driving mechanism 23 is connected to the moving conveyor 34, and linearly moves the moving conveyor 34 in at least two directions (for example, three directions). The second driving mechanism 23 is supported by the base 12. The passive roller 35 is an example of a passive rotational element which passively rotates, and is disposed on the lower side (a rear surface side) of the moving conveyor 34.
The structure of the transfer apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.
The base 12 includes, for example, a bottom part 12A coming in contact with the ground, and a plurality of vertical members 12B extending in the vertical direction from the bottom part 12A. The vertical direction corresponds to the Z axis direction. In the example illustrated in
The first driving mechanism 13 includes a first linearly moving member 15, a second linearly moving member 17, and a third linearly moving member 19. The first linearly moving member 15 is movably supported by the base 12 in the vertical direction. For example, a first linearly moving mechanism 14 is provided in one of the vertical members 12B to drive the first linearly moving member 15 in the vertical direction, and guide rails extending in the vertical direction are provided in the remaining three vertical members 12B. The first linearly moving member 15 is driven by the first linearly moving mechanism 14 so as to ascend or descend. The ascending corresponds to movement in the +Z direction, and the descending corresponds to movement in the −Z direction.
The second linearly moving member 17 is movably supported by the first linearly moving member 15 in the left-right direction. In the present embodiment, the left-right direction is perpendicular to the vertical direction. The left-right direction corresponds to the X-axis direction. For example, a second linearly moving mechanism 16 is provided in the first linearly moving member 15 to drive the second linearly moving member 17 in the left-right direction. The second linearly moving member 17 is driven by the second linearly moving mechanism 16 so as to move onto the left (the +X direction) or the right (the −X direction).
The third linearly moving member 19 is movably supported by the second linearly moving member 17 in the front-back direction. In this embodiment, the front-back direction is perpendicular to the vertical direction and the left-right direction. The front-back direction and the left-right direction are parallel to a horizontal plane. The front-back direction is also called a first horizontal direction, and the left-right direction is also called a second horizontal direction. The front-back direction corresponds to the Y-axis direction. For example, a third linearly moving mechanism 18 is provided in the second linearly moving member 17 to drive the third linearly moving member 19 in the front-back direction. The third linearly moving member 19 is driven by the third linearly moving mechanism 18 so as to advance or retreat. The advancing corresponds to movement in the +Y direction (that is, a direction toward the article 53 to be gripped), and the retreating corresponds to movement in the −Y direction.
The elastic passive joint part 20 is supported by the third linearly moving member 19. Specifically, the second linearly moving member 17 is connected to the base end of the third linearly moving member 19, and the elastic passive joint part 20 is connected to the leading end of the third linearly moving member 19. Thus, the elastic passive joint part 20 is supported by the base 12 through the first linearly moving member 15, the second linearly moving member 17, and the third linearly moving member 19. The elastic passive joint part 20 is driven by the first linearly moving member 15 to move in the vertical direction, driven by the second linearly moving member 17 to move in the left-right direction, and driven by the third linearly moving member 19 to move in the front-back direction. The elastic passive joint part 20 will be described below in detail.
The gripper 21 is supported by the elastic passive joint part 20. Specifically, the third linearly moving member 19 is connected to the base end of the elastic passive joint part 20, and the gripper 21 is connected to the leading end of the elastic passive joint part 20. Thus, the gripper 21 is supported by the base 12 through the first linearly moving member 15, the second linearly moving member 17, the third linearly moving member 19, and the elastic passive joint part 20. The gripper 21 is driven by the first linearly moving member 15 to move in the vertical direction, driven by the second linearly moving member 17 to move in the left-right direction, and driven by the third linearly moving member 19 to move in the front-back direction. Therefore, the leading end of the gripper 21 can reach over the entire range of the box pallet 50.
In the present embodiment, the gripper 21 grips the upper surface edge portion of the article 53. Specifically, the gripper 21 includes an L-shaped member with two mutually perpendicular surfaces (referred to as gripping surfaces), and grips the article 53 in a state where the two surfaces face the upper surface and the front surface of the article 53. The front surface of the article 53 is a side surface facing the transfer apparatus 10 among the side surfaces of the article 53. In a case where the gripper 21 is of an suction type, suction pads 22 are provided on the gripping surfaces as illustrated in
At the gripping surface of the gripper 21, a contact sensor or a reflective sensor may be provided. The contact sensor or the reflective sensor can be used to detect a gripping state of the gripper 21.
As illustrated in
The fifth linearly moving member 27 is movably supported by the fourth linearly moving member 25 in the left-right direction. For example, a fifth linearly moving mechanism 26 is provided in the fourth linearly moving member 25 to drive the fifth linearly moving member 27 in the left-right direction. The fifth linearly moving member 27 is driven by the fifth linearly moving mechanism 26 so as to move on the right or the left.
The sixth linearly moving member 29 is movably supported by the fifth linearly moving member 27 in the front-back direction. For example, a sixth linearly moving mechanism 28 is provided in the fifth linearly moving member 27 to drive the sixth linearly moving member 29 in the front-back direction. The sixth linearly moving member 29 is driven by the sixth linearly moving mechanism 28 so as to advance or retreat.
The moving conveyor 34 is supported by the sixth linearly moving member 29. Thus, the moving conveyor 34 is supported by the base 12 through the fourth linearly moving member 25, the fifth linearly moving member 27, and the sixth linearly moving member 29. The moving conveyor 34 is driven by the fourth linearly moving member 25 to move in the vertical direction, driven by the fifth linearly moving member 27 to move in the left-right direction, and driven by the sixth linearly moving member 29 to move in the front-back direction. Therefore, the leading end of the moving conveyor 34 can reach over the entire range of the box pallet 50.
The moving conveyor 34 conveys the article 53 in the conveyance direction depicted by an arrow of
The passive roller 35 is disposed on the lower side of the leading end of the moving conveyor 34. In the example of
In
A contact sensor or a reflective sensor may be provided at the leading end of the moving conveyor 34. The contact sensor or the reflective sensor can be used to detect the insertion state of the moving conveyor 34.
It is desirable that the thickness of the leading end be thin to insert the leading end of the moving conveyor 34 and the passive roller 35 into the gap having a small dimension in the vertical direction. This configuration is advantageous in a case where the article 53 stacked in the box pallet 50 is taken out, and particularly in a case where the article is taken out while avoiding the intermediate shelf 51. For example, in a case where the article 53-1 on the front side is taken out and then an article 53-2 on the rear side is taken out, the moving conveyor 34 is inserted into the gap between the intermediate shelf 51 and the article 53-3, and can reach the vicinity of the article 53-2.
As described above, the transfer apparatus 10 takes out the article 53 onto the moving conveyor 34 using the arm part, and transports the article 53 on the moving conveyor 34. In other words, the article 53 is carried while being supported from the lower side. Therefore, even when it is difficult to grip the article by the gripper 21, the article 53 can be transferred to the conveyor 60 without dropping the article 53. Furthermore, even when the article is easily deformed or packed with paper, the article 53 can be transferred to the conveyor 60 without causing damage to the article 53.
The arm is made large in size in the case of the conventional transfer apparatus which directly transfers the article from the pallet to the conveyor using the arm. Therefore, the conventional transfer apparatus is limited in its installation place. Furthermore, the conventional transfer apparatus cannot access the article stored in a box of the box pallet. The transfer apparatus 10 of the present embodiment uses a combination of the gripper 21 and the moving conveyor 34, so that it is possible to be made compact compared to the conventional transfer apparatus. As a result, the transfer apparatus 10 can take out the article disposed in a narrow space such as the article 53 stored in the box pallet 50 having the intermediate shelf 51.
The first driving mechanism 13 and the second driving mechanism 23 illustrated in
The number of arm parts formed by the first driving mechanism 13, the elastic passive joint part 20, and the gripper 21 is not limited to one as described in the present embodiment. For example, two or more arm parts may be provided. The moving conveyor 34 is not limited to the example of the belt conveyor as illustrated in
Next, the elastic passive joint part 20 will be specifically described.
In an example, in a state where an external load is not applied, an elastic force (for example, a biasing force urged by an elastic member) is applied to maintain the gripper 21 in the horizontal state, and the gripper 21 is maintained in the horizontal state using a mechanical stopper. In other words, in a state where the external force is not applied, the elastic passive joint part 20 holds the gripper 21 to be parallel to the horizontal plane by the operation of the elastic member (for example, a spring) of the elastic passive joint part 20. In the present embodiment where the gripper 21 includes the L-shaped member, the gripper 21 is held such that one of the two gripping surfaces is parallel to the horizontal plane and the other one is vertical to the horizontal plane. In another example, the elastic force of the elastic passive joint part 20 is small with respect to the weight of the gripper 21, and the elastic passive joint part 20 is held in a state where the gripper 21 is inclined downward as illustrated in
In the example illustrated in
When the gripper 21 moves forward and abuts on the article 53, the elastic passive joint part 20 is changed in shape along the upper surface edge portion of the article. Specifically, the shape of the elastic passive joint part 20 is changed such that two inner surfaces of the gripper 21 face the upper surface and the front surface of the article 53. In other words, the elastic passive joint part 20 supports the gripper 21 such that the posture of the gripper 21 is changed according to the shape and the posture of the article 53. In this way, the elastic passive joint part 20 is formed by a passive mechanism, so that various shapes of articles can be handled. Furthermore, even when the article 53 is inclined with respect to the gripper 21 due to article shifting or disordered stacking, the article 53 can be handled. The elastic passive joint part 20 illustrated in each of
Note that the elastic passive joint part 20 may include at least one elastic passive element (an elastic passive joint). For example, the elastic passive joint part 20 may be formed by one elastic passive linearly moving element and three passive rotational elements.
The elastic passive joint part 20 illustrated in
A differential mechanism structure illustrated in
Further, the structures illustrated in
The sensor unit 40 detects the position and the shape of the article to be transferred (referred to as a target article) to generate a detection signal. For example, the sensor unit 40 detects an upper surface edge position and a lower surface position (a gap on the lower side of the target article) of the target article. For example, the sensor unit 40 includes an image sensor which captures the image of the target article and generates an image signal, and the image processing unit which performs image processing on the image signal to detect the position and the shape of the target article. For example, the image sensor is provided in the bottom part 12A of the base 12. Further, the sensor unit 40 may not include an image processing unit, and the gripper controller 41 and the conveyor controller 42 may perform the image processing.
The conveyor controller 42 performs positioning control of the moving conveyor 34 with respect to the target article based on the detection signal acquired from the sensor unit 40. Specifically, the conveyor controller 42 determines, based on the detection signal acquired from the sensor unit 40, the position of the moving conveyor 34 when the target article is taken out by the gripper 21. The conveyor controller 42 controls the fourth linearly moving mechanism 24 such that the leading end of the moving conveyor 34 comes flush with the lower surface of the target article, controls the fifth linearly moving mechanism 26 such that the leading end of the moving conveyor 34 faces the target article, and controls the sixth linearly moving mechanism 28 such that the moving conveyor 34 approaches the target article. The conveyor controller 42 further performs rotation control of the belt 33 of the moving conveyor 34. Specifically, the conveyor controller 42 controls a motor linked to the belt 33 through the pulley.
The gripper controller 41 performs positioning control of the gripper 21 with respect to the target article based on the detection signal received from the sensor unit 40. Specifically, the gripper controller 41 determines a position to be gripped in the target article based on the detection signal received from the sensor unit 40. Then, the gripper controller 41 drives the first linearly moving mechanism 14, the second linearly moving mechanism 16, and the third linearly moving mechanism 18 so as to make the gripper 21 come into contact at the determined position. In addition, the gripper controller 41 drives the gripper 21 to hold the target article. Furthermore, the gripper controller 41 drives the third linearly moving mechanism 18 to make the gripper 21 retreat when the target article gripped by the gripper 21 is loaded on the moving conveyor 34.
In a case where there is an influence such as a variation in illumination conditions or the high density loading of articles, the target article cannot be stably recognized by an external information acquisition sensor (for example, an image sensor). Therefore, the automation of the operation of taking out the articles becomes difficult. For example, it is difficult to detect a gap between the densely stacked articles. On the other hand, the upper surface edge of the article is detected more easily. Furthermore, a large gap which is generated on the lower side of the article when the article is picked up is detected more easily. Therefore, according to the present embodiment in which the article is taken out from the box pallet 50 in the above-described method, the operation of taking out the article can be automated. An article taking-out method described in this embodiment is not limited to the transfer apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, and may be applied to other apparatuses which take out the article.
Next, an example of the operation of the transfer apparatus 10 will be described with reference to
First, the sensor unit 40 detects the upper surface edge of the target article 53-1 among the stacked articles 53. As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Subsequently, the sensor unit 40 detects a gap on the lower side of the target article 53-1. As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
The plurality of articles 53 can be loaded on the moving conveyor 34 by repeatedly performing the operations illustrated in
As illustrated in
When the article 53-1 is unloaded from the moving conveyor 34 to the conveyor 60, the article 53 is temporarily held on the two working belts. Therefore, in a case where the conveyance direction of the moving conveyor 34 is different from the conveyance direction of the conveyor 60, the posture of the article is changed at the time of the unloading to the conveyor 60. In the present embodiment, the conveyance direction of the moving conveyor 34 is substantially perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the conveyor 60. For example, in a case where the article 53 is conveyed by the moving conveyor 34 in a state of being aligned in the conveyance direction of the moving conveyor 34, the article 53 is positioned to be inclined with respect to the conveyance direction of the conveyor 60 after the unloading to the conveyor 60. It is desirable that the article 53 be aligned in the conveyance direction of the conveyor 60 on the conveyor 60. In an embodiment, the gripper 21 loads the article 53 on the moving conveyor 34 in a state where the article 53 is positioned to be inclined with respect to the conveyance direction in consideration of the posture change at the time of the inserting to the conveyor 60. Therefore, the article 53 can be aligned in the conveyance direction of the conveyor 60.
In this way, the transfer apparatus 10 takes out the article 53 heading for the moving conveyor 34 using the gripper 21, and loads the article 53 on the moving conveyor 34 for the delivery thereof. Therefore, the article 53 can be transferred to the unloading place without dropping the article 53 and without causing damage to the article 53.
The above-described example of the operation has been simplified for the sake of explanation, and the actual operations may be different. For example, in the above-described example of the operation, the movement in the upward and downward direction, the movement in the left-right direction, and the movement in the front-back direction are made one time respectively until the gripper 21 grips the target article 53-1. In the actual operation, the movement in the upward and downward direction, the movement in the left-right direction, and the movement in the front-back direction may be performed plural times until the gripper 21 grips the target article 53-1.
As described above, the transfer apparatus according to the first embodiment includes the gripper which is movable in the vertical direction, the front-back direction, and the left-right direction, the elastic passive joint part which is interposed between the gripper and the first driving mechanism making the gripper move and operates in accordance with the operation of the gripper, and the moving conveyor which is movable in the vertical direction, the front-back direction, and the left-right direction. The article is transferred using the moving conveyor and the gripper. Therefore, various shapes of articles can be handled, and it is possible to stably transfer the articles. Furthermore, with the moving conveyor, the apparatus can be reduced in size compared to the conventional transfer apparatus which uses only the arm.
A second embodiment will be described with reference to
One main difference between the transfer apparatus 100 illustrated in
Specifically, as illustrated in
The moving conveyor 34 of the present embodiment is configured such that the leading end is narrow, and a part of the rear end side is widened. Specifically, the moving conveyor 34 includes three belts 33, and these belts 33 are disposed to form a T shape when viewed from the top. Therefore, the leading end of the moving conveyor 34 can be inserted into a gap on the lower side of the narrow article. Furthermore, the article is loaded on the moving conveyor 34, and then is moved to the wide part of the moving conveyor 34. Therefore, it is possible to stably transfer the article.
The elastic passive joint part 20 of this embodiment includes a differential mechanism corresponding to the exemplary structure illustrated in
According to the second embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.
A third embodiment will be described with reference to
The elastic passive joint part 20 of the second embodiment holds the gripper 21 in the horizontal state in a state where the external force is not applied. On the contrary, as illustrated in
The elastic passive joint part 20 of this embodiment includes a differential mechanism corresponding to the exemplary structure illustrated in
In this embodiment, as illustrated in
According to the third embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.
While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel embodiments described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.
Sonoura, Takafumi, Tanaka, Junya, Nakamoto, Hideichi, Watabe, Kazuo, Ogawa, Akihito, Eto, Haruna
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