compounds of the formula I
A·m B (I)
wherein
A is a compound of the formula II or III ##STR1## m is a rational number between 0.1 and 4.0, and B is H2 O2, N2 H4 or NH2 OH, and
R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical which has 3-30 C atoms and which can be interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms,
R2 is hydrogen or C1 -C30 alkyl,
X is --O-- or --SO2 -- and, in the case where B is N2 H4 or NH2 OH, also --S-- or --SO--,
Y is the direct bond, ##STR2## Q is --CH2, --CH(OH)--CH2 -- or --CH(CH2 --OH)--, and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
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1. A compound of formula I
A·mB (I) wherein A is a compound of formula III R1 --X--(CH2 --Q--O)n H (III) m is a rational number between 0.8 and 4.0, B is H2 O2, R1 is alkyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, X is --O--, n is 1 or 2, and Q is --CH(OH)CH2 --. 2. A compound according to
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The present invention relates to novel adducts of hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine and hydroxylamine with glycerol monoethers, and with related compounds having a 1,2-diol structure, and also with ethylene oxide adducts, to their production as well as to their general applicability as redox partners in electron transfer reactions, particularly also in the case of polymerization reactions.
The high activity of hydrogen peroxide, hydazine and hydroxylamine in redox processes has been known for a long time. These hydrophilic inorganic compounds have of course disadvantages which greatly limit their usefulness. Thus, for example, these substances are scarcely soluble in organic solvents, especially in the less polar solvents. Furthermore, it is known that hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine and hydroxylamine readily decompose, frequently even in an explosive manner. Many attempts have therefore already been made to avoid the stated disadvantages by providing chemical derivatives. There have thus appeared on the market organic peroxides (for example commercial dicumyl peroxide) which are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, and which moreover have really good thermal stability, but which leave much to be desired with respect to their activity as redox partners. On the other hand, there are offered commercially relatively expensive hydroperoxides which are more active than the organic peroxides, but which have a decomposition tendency that again is considerably greater, so that storage and transport create problems similar to those met with in the case of the free inorganic compounds. Further attempts have been made with addition compounds (for example with urea/hydrogen peroxide). Adducts of this type have however only extremely limited solubility in organic solvents.
There has now been found a class of adducts of hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine and hydroxylamine with glycerol monoethers and with related compounds having a 1,2-diol structure, which adducts combine high solubility even in highly nonpolar organic solvents, intense activity as redox partners and a stability surprisingly high for chemical addition compounds.
The novel adducts correspond to the formula I
A·mB (I)
wherein
A is a compound of the formula II or III ##STR3## m is a rotional number between 0.1 and 4.0, and B is H2 O2, N2 H4 or NH2 OH, and
R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical which has 3--30 C. atoms and which can be interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms,
R2 is hydrogen or C1 -C30 alkyl,
X is --O-- or --SO2 -- and, in the case where B is N2 H4 or NH2 OH, also --S-- or --SO--,
Y is the direct bond, ##STR4## Q is --CH2 --, --CH(OH)--CH2 -- or --CH(CH2 --OH)-- and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
A is a compound of the formula II or III, which formulae possess, as a common characteristic, a vicinal diol group or an ethylene oxide group, which is in particular a terminal group.
In the formulae II and III, R1 is a hydrocarbon radical of aliphatic or aromatic character, which has 3-30, preferably 3-20 and especially 5-18, C atoms, which can be interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms, and which can be unsubstituted or substituted. If R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical, it is straight-chain or in particular branched-chain, preferably branched-long-chain alkyl, or cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, in each case substituted by 1-3 alkyl groups having a total of 1-12 C atoms. Examples of R1 are n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-octyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl or 2-ethylhexyl; or straight-chain or branched-chain isomers of nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, docosyl, tetracosyl or triacontyl, and in this respect mixtures of isomers can just as well be used. Particularly suitable are branched-chain alkyl groups which are derived from commercial alcohols, for example from Guebert alcohols and Alfoles (manufacturer: Condea), Dobanoles (manufactuerer: Shell) or Oxanoles (manufacturer: Ruhr-Chemie). If R2 is C1 -C30 alkyl, it is for example methyl or ethyl, or R2 can have a meaning given for R1 as alkyl. As cycloalkyl, R1 preferably contains 5-8 C atoms, such as in cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl or, in particular, in cyclohexyl. R1 as aryl is preferably phenyl, and as aralkyl it is preferably benzyl. If R1 as cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl or aralkyl having 1 to 3 alkyl groups with a total of 1-12 C atoms is substituted, the substituents are for example: methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-pentyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, nonyl or 1,1,3,3,5,5,-hexamethylhexyl. Examples of R1 as alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl or aralkyl are cyclohexylethyl, cycloheptylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2,4-dimethylcyclohexyl, 2,6-ditert-butylphenyl, 4-nonylphenyl, 2,4,6,-tritert-butylphenyl, 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl or 4-ethylbenzyl.
Aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals R1 which are interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms are preferably alkyl groups interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms, and in particular those which are derived from reaction products from alcohols or mercaptans with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide. There are formed in this manner especially radicals of the cellosolve or carbitol type, such as the methyl-cellosolve derivative CH3 --O--CH2 --CH2 -- or the methyl-carbitol derivative CH3 --O--CH2 --CH2 --O--CH2 --CH2 --. Within the C numbers are given above, there are meant polyether or polythioether groups having up to 15 hetero atoms.
In preferred compounds, the radicals R1 and R2 together have no more than 30 C atoms.
X is --O-- or --SO2 -- and, in the case where hydrazine adducts or hydroxylamine adducts are concerned, also--S-- or --SO--. Under the conditions stated, the preferred meaning of X is --S-- or in particular --O--.
Y can be the direct bond, ##STR5## Y is preferably --CH(OH) and especially the direct bond.
The index n can be an integer 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8, but is preferably 1 or 2, particularly however it is 1. It is a preferred subject matter of the invention that mixtures of compounds having different n values are used. The value n signifies therefore for the mixtures a statistical mean value which can be expressed by a rational number of >1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4, but especially 1 to 2. This statistical value is denoted in the following by n.
With the index m is defined the addition ratio of B to A. This ratio B:A varies between 10:1 and 1:3, and is preferably 1.25:1 to 1:2. The value of m can therefore be expressed by a rational number 0.1 to 4.0, preferably 0.8 to 2∅
The symbol B indicates which redox component is involved. The preferred meaning of B is H2 O2.
It is possible that the compounds of the formula I contain an amount of water. The number of water particles present in the molecule should not as a rule exceed the value m. Anhydrous substances are largely preferred.
Of particular interest are compounds of the formula I wherein
m is a rational number between 0.8 and 4.0,
R1 is C3 -C20 alkyl which can be interrupted by oxygen of sulfur atoms, or it is cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl or cyclohexylethyl, in each case unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 alkyl groups having a total of 1-12 C atoms,
R2 --is hydrogen,
X --is --O-- or, in the case where B is N2 H4 or NH2 OH, also --S--,
Y--is the direct bond or --CH(OH)--,
n--is 1 or 2, and
A, B and Q have the meanings defined above.
Preferred compounds of the formula I are those wherein
A--is a group of the formula III,
m--is a rational number between 0.8 and 4.0,
R1 --is C3 -C15 alkyl,
X--is --O--,
N--is 1 or 2, and
B and Q have the meanings defined above.
Examples of compounds of the formula I are: ##STR6##
In the formulae 1) to 15), "i" denotes that mixtures of different branched isomers can be involved. The symbols B and Q have the meanings defined above. The symbol Z signifies 2-ethylhexyl.
The compounds of the formula I can be produced in a manner known per se; they can be produced for example by a process analogous to that described in German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,739,312.
In the most simple case, m mols of the hydrophilic adduct component B, H2 O2, N2 H4 or NH2 OH, are mixed with approximately one mol of A, a process which is suitable particularly in the case of liquid ligands. The symbol m has in this connection the meaning defined above.
If the ligands A are solid substances, the adduct components are either reacted in an inert nonpolar solvent or reacted directly in the melt. If a solvent is used, suitable solvents are above all those of low polarity and high volatility, such as hexane, heptane, methylene chloride or toluene. If the compounds contain water, this can be removed for example azotropically, or water-binding agents, such as sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate, can be used. The last-mentioned water-separating method is suitable in particular for hydrazine adducts and hydroxylamine adducts.
The ligands A used for the reaction methods mentioned are known compounds, and in many cases are available commercially.
Compared with similar systems, the compounds of the formula I have advantages which have been described in detail in the foregoing. It has been possible to achieve an optimum not hitherto attained, not only with regard to transportability and to storage stability, but also with regard to industrial hygiene.
The compounds of the formula I are valuable redox partners in the most general sense. They are technically very suitable for example for use as initiators for polymerisation reactions initiated by radicals, either per se, that is to say, by way of thermal or photolytic decomposition, or alternatively in combination with other redox partners as redox initiators. The hydrogen peroxide adducts can also be used as specific oxidising agents for oxidation reactions in organic media, such as epoxidation, or in the case of conversion of mercaptans to disulfides; or furthermore as washing and hygiene auxiliaries, for example as bleaching agents in detergents or as disinfectants, for example in medicinal soaps, or the adducts can be used as plant protective products, for example as total herbicides in spraying or aerosol processes, or as defoliating agents.
The Examples which follow further illustrate the present invention. In the Examples, Q has the meaning defined in the foregoing, and the index "i" signifies that mixtures of different branched isomers can be involved.
34.5 g of a glycerol monoalkylether of the formula ##STR7## is heated at 70°C, with stirring, until a clear melt is formed, and 5 ml of 70% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is added dropwise. After rapid cooling to 20°C, the H2 O2 content is iodometrically determined (method according to D. H. Wheeler, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Fettforschung-Standard Method C-VI 6 a) [German Association for Fat Research].
H2 O2 content: 7.8%; wax-like substance; m.p. 66°C (Compound No. 1).
Compounds 2 and 3 are produced in an analogous manner:
| ______________________________________ |
| Content Phys- |
| Comp. of H2 O2 |
| ical |
| No. Ligand (%) m Data |
| ______________________________________ |
| 2 n-C18 H37O(CH2QO)1H |
| 8 0.8 m.p. |
| 66°C |
| ##STR8## 8.8 0.8 m.p. 49°C |
| ______________________________________ |
33.6 g of glycerol mono-i-tridecyl ether is dissolved in 235 g of n-heptane (12.5% solution), and 70% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is added dropwise at 20°C, with stirring, until the mixture becomes cloudy. The consumption of hydrogen peroxide solution is 9.5 ml. The mixture is subsequently concentrated at 30°C in a rotary evaporator until a constant weight is obtained. The H2 O2 content in the residue (40.8 g) is determined iodometrically. H2 O2 content: 14.1%; colourless liquid (Compound No. 4).
27.3 ml of 68% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is added with stirring to 100 g of a 50% solution of glycerol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether until the mixture becomes cloudy, and the solvent is subsequently distilled off at a bath temperature of 30°C in a rotary evaporator. The mixture is subsequently rotated in an oil-pump vacuum for a further 15 minutes. To the mixture is then added 4 times 50 g of n-heptane each time, and the mixture is concentrated under the same conditions as those previously described. The residue is 72.2 g; colourless liquid; H2 O2 content: 28.6% (m: 2.8) (Compound No. 5).
The compounds 6-13 are produced in an analogous manner:
| ______________________________________ |
| Com- Content Phys- |
| pound of H2 O2 |
| ical |
| No. Ligand (%) m data |
| ______________________________________ |
| ##STR9## 33 3.9 colour- less liquid |
| 7 as Compound No. 6 29.4 2.9 colour- |
| less |
| liquid |
| 8 as Compound No. 6 28.4 2.8 colour- |
| less |
| liquid |
| 9 as Compound No. 6 22.6 2.1 colour- |
| less |
| liquid |
| 10 as Compound No. 6 17.5 1.8 colour- |
| less |
| liquid |
| 11 |
| ##STR10## 20.4 2.4 colour- less liquid |
| 12 as Compound No. 11 19.0 2.2 colour- |
| less |
| liquid |
| 13 as Compound No. 11 10.7 1.4 colour- |
| less |
| liquid |
| ______________________________________ |
In the compounds 6 to 10, the symbol Z denotes 2-ethylhexyl.
23 g of Compound No. 9 is stirred in 100 ml of heptane with 20.2 g of n-laurylmercaptan for 4 hours. The reaction proceeds slightly exothermically; the temperature rises within 2 hours from 23°C to 32°C The mixture is subsequently concentrated in a rotary evaporator, and the residue is recrystallized cold from 150 ml of i-propanol: di-n-lauryl disulfide; yield: 15.2 g (75.5% of theory); m.p. 32°-33°C (Lit. 30°-31°C).
86 mg of Compound No. 12 is added in a round-bottomed flask to 86 g of methyl acrylate which has been freed from the stabiliser by distillation under nitrogen. After an ascending tube has been mounted, the flask is heated under nitrogen to 100°C Polymerisation is virtually complete after 90 minutes.
PAC Testing of stability of hydrogen peroxide/1,2-diol adductsThe decomposition temperature is determined by means of a DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETER (Perkin-Elmer) (temperature program: 20° C./min.).
| ______________________________________ |
| Decomp- |
| H2 O2 - |
| sition |
| content m.p. temperature |
| Ligand (%) (°C.) |
| (°C.) |
| ______________________________________ |
| ##STR11## 16.8 liquid 96 |
| ##STR12## 8 66 124 |
| ##STR13## 8.8 49 117 |
| ______________________________________ |
The products are kept for 64 hours in a heated drying chamber, and the H2 O2 content is subsequently determined iodometrically.
| ______________________________________ |
| Content of H2 O2 in |
| adduct after (hours) |
| Ligand 0 64 |
| ______________________________________ |
| ##STR14## 32.7 30.8 |
| ##STR15## 19.5 19.1 |
| comparison H2 O2 |
| 30.6 27.6 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Z:2-ethylhexyl. |
The products are kept in closed glass containers in daylight. Specimens are taken at specific intervals of time, and their H2 O2 content is determined iodometrically.
| ______________________________________ |
| Content of H2 O2 in the |
| Ligand adduct in % after weeks |
| (1,2-diol) 0 4 8 32 |
| ______________________________________ |
| ##STR16## 33 32.5 31.9 26.5 |
| ##STR17## 20.4 20.1 19.1 17.3 |
| n-C12 H25O(CH2CH2O)H |
| 17.9 17.3 17.2 17.2 |
| 3.75 |
| comparison H2 O2 |
| 31.5 29.8 28.5 23 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Z:2-ethylhexyl. |
Wirth, Hermann O., Friedrich, Hans-Helmut
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| Executed on | Assignor | Assignee | Conveyance | Frame | Reel | Doc |
| May 10 1979 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | (assignment on the face of the patent) | / | |||
| Jul 31 1980 | Ciba-Geigy AG | CIBA-GEIGY CORPORATION, A CORP OF N Y | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST | 003792 | /0485 | |
| Dec 27 1996 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 008489 | /0458 |
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