Novel compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: (a) each R1 is a hydrocarbyl group, or a group of the formula: ##STR2## and each R1 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R1.
(b) R2 is a group as defined for R1, or a group of the formula:
--O(R5 O)n Si(R1)3 (iv)
and each group R2 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R2.
(c) each of R3 and R4 is independently a group of the formula: ##STR3##
--(R5 O)n --R6 (vii)
(d) R5 is an alkylene or an arylene group and each R5 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R5,
(e) R6 is a hydrocarbyl group of hydrogen and each group R6 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R6,
(f) n is zero or an integer and each n may be the same as, or different from, any other n.
The compounds are useful as water scavengers, particularly for hydraulic fluids, as well as in paints, lubricating oils and electrical oils.
|
15. A compound of the general formula:
Me2 Si[OB(OR9)2 ]2 wherein R9 is a C6 to C20 alkyl group or a group of the formula --(R5 O)n --Et or --(R5 O)n --Me, wherein n is from 2 to 5, and R5 is an alkylene or an arylene group and each R5 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R5. 4. A compound of the general formula: ##STR18## wherein each R7 independently is a hydrocarbyl group, or a group of the formula:
--(OR5)n --OR6 (i) n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5, m is 1, 2, or 3, R5 is an alkylene or an arylene group and each R5 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R5, and R6 is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen and each group R6 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R6. 7. A compound of the general formula: ##STR20## wherein each R1 independently is a hydrocarbyl group or a group of the formula:
--(OR5)n --OR6 (i) or --R5 --(OR5)n --OR6 (ii), each R2 independently is an aryl group or a group of the formula: --(OR5)n --R6 (i) --R5 --(OR5)n --R6 (ii) or --O(R5 O)n Si(R12)3 (iv) wherein each R12 independently is a hydrocarbyl group or a group of the formula (i) or (ii) as defined above, R8 is a group of the formula --(R5 O)n --R6 and each group R8 may be the same as, or different from any other group R8, p is 0, 1 or 2, and R5 is an alkylene or an arylene group and each R5 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R5, R6 is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen and each group R6 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R6 and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5. 1. A compound of the general formula: ##STR14## wherein: (a) each R1 is a hydrocarbyl group, or a group of the formula: ##STR15## and each R1 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R1,
(b) R2 is an aryl group or a group of the formula (i), (ii), or (iii) as defined above, or a group of the formula:
--O(R5 O)n Si(R12)3 (iv) and each group R2 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R2, (c) each of R3 and R4 is independently a group of the formula: ##STR16## (d) R5 is an alkylene or an arylene group and each R5 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R5, (e) R6 is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen and each group R6 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R6, (f) n is zero or an integer and each n may be the same as, or different from, any other n, (g) each R11 and R12 independently is a hydrocarbyl group or a group of the formula (i) or (ii) as defined above, and R10 is an aryl group or a group of the formula (i), (ii) or (iv) as defined above, (h) provided that when R1 or R2 is a group of formula (iii), R3 and R4 are each not a group of formula (v). 2. A compound as claimed in
--(R5 O)n --R6 (vii). 5. A compound of the general formula (I) as defined in
8. A compound as claimed in
10. A compound as claimed in
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This invention relates to novel chemical compounds which have water scavenging properties, and which are useful as base-stocks or additives for hydraulic fluids.
Their properties make them also useful as water scavenging additives for lubricants, electrical oils and paints.
It is known to use both organosilanes and borate esters as components of hydraulic fluids, for example as disclosed in British Pat. Nos. 1464712 and 1480738.
Both of these classes of compounds have water scavenging activity. However, borate esters are very hygroscopic and their use as water scavengers for the above-mentioned types of compositions tends to result in the fluid as a whole being undesirably hygroscopic. The organosilanes are much less hygroscopic than borate esters, but have lower scavenging rates.
The novel compounds provided by the invention have the general formula ##STR4## wherein;
(a) each R1 is a hydrocarbyl group preferably alkyl or aryl, more preferably C1-5 alkyl, e.g. methyl or ethyl, or a group of the formula: ##STR5## and each R1 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R1.
(b) R2 is a group as defined for R, or a group of the formula:
--O(R5 O)n Si(R1)3 (iv)
and each group R2 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R2.
(c) each of R3 and R4 is independently a group of the formula: ##STR6##
(d) R5 is an alkylene or an arylene group preferably ethylene or propylene and each R5 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R5.
(e) R6 is a hydrocarbyl group preferably alkyl, more preferably C1-20 alkyl, or hydrogen and each group R6 may be the same as, or different from, any other group R6.
(f) n is zero or an integer preferably no greater than 10, more preferably from 2 to 5, and each n may be the same as, or different from, any other n. Preferably, when any R1 is a group of formula (iii), no group R3 or R4 is a group of the formula (v).
In the present context, hydrocarbyl groups are to be understood to include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl groups.
As stated above each R5 may be the same as or different from any other group R5 and thus it should be appreciated that any group --(R5 O)n -- or --(OR5)n -- wherein n is an integer greater than 1 may comprise a mixture of different alkyleneoxy and/or aryleneoxy units, preferably a mixture of ethyleneoxy and propylenoxy units.
A particular characteristic of the compounds of the invention is that they contain a group of the formula Si--O(R4 O)n --B, in which n may be zero or an integer, preferably zero.
One group of preferred compounds according to the invention are those in which R3 and R4 are each the said group of the formula--(R5 O)n R6, and these compounds may be thought of as substituted silanes. Preferred compounds within this group have the formula: ##STR7## in which m is 1, 2 or 3, and each R7 independently is a hydrocarbyl group or a group of the formula --(OR5)n --OR6 and n is from 0 to 5.
Particularly preferred compounds of this kind have the formula (R7)2 Si[OB(OR9)2 ]2, in which R7 is as defined above, preferably methyl, and R9 is a C6 -C20 alkyl group, or a group of the formula --(R5 O)n --Et or --(R5 O)n --Me, n is from 2 to 5, and R5 is as defined above.
In a second generally preferred group of compounds according to the invention, each R1 is a hydrocarbyl group or a group of the formula (i) or (ii) as defined above and each R2 is a hydrocarbyl group or a group of the formula (i), (ii) or (iv) as defined above, such compounds may generally be thought of as substitute boranes.
A preferred group of compounds in this class have the formula: ##STR8## wherein R1 and R2 are as defined immediately above, R8 is a group of the formula (R5 O)n --R6 and each may be the same as or different from any other, p is 0, 1, or 2, and n is from 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 5.
The compounds of the present invention do not readily lend themselves to conventional nomenclature and for the purpose of naming them an appropriate system has therefore had to be devised. For example, a preferred compound in accordance with the invention which has the formula:
(CH3)2 --Si{--OB[(OCH2 CH2)3 --OCH3 ]2 }2
may be called bis bis(methoxyethoxyethoxyethoxy)boronoxy dimethyl silane but in preference will more simply be called bis bis(methyl triglycol)boronoxy dimethyl silane. Similar preferred compounds include tris bis(methyl triglycol)boronoxy methyl silane and tetra bis(methyl tripropylene glycol)boronoxy silane. Alternatively, as an example of a compound containing one boron atom and more than one silicon atom, the preferred compound having the formula: ##STR9## could be called tris(dimethyl methoxyethoxyethoxyethoxysiloxy)borane but in preference will be called tris(methyltriglycol dimethyl siloxy)borane.
The compounds of the present invention have a wide range of uses and may be used for example in situations where silicate esters, siloxanes, silane esters and borate esters have hitherto been used, particularly in applications in which balanced water scavenging preparations are desired. The compounds per se which are generally liquids, may thus be used for example as bases for lubricants, hydraulic fluids and electrical oils.
Alternatively, compounds in accordance with the invention bearing appropriate substituent groups may be soluble in or miscible with for example hydrocarbon oils, silicone oils, natural and synthetic esters e.g. glycerides, aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acid esters, glycols, glycol ethers and phosphorus esters, acetals and silane derivatives and may thus be employed as components of compositions e.g. lubricants, hydraulic fluids, electrical oils and paints, based upon such materials. For example, compounds in accordance with the invention of the type as hereinbefore specifically mentioned will normally be soluble in and miscible with polyoxalkylene glycols and mono and diethers thereof, enabling the preparation of compositions which are particularly useful as brake fluids for use in hydraulic systems in which the seals are made from natural or styrene butadiene rubbers. In such fluids the amount of the compound of the invention to be included may vary within wide limits but will generally be from 5 to 40% by weight of the composition.
Furthermore, compounds of the type illustrated by the formulae ##STR10## will normally be miscible with hydrocarbon oils and may accordingly be employed in combination therewith in situations where hydrocarbon oils have hitherto been used e.g. in lubricating oils, hydraulic oils, electrical oil, cable and capacitor saturants.
The compounds of the invention may be prepared by reacting the appropriate halosilanes with appropriate boron-containing compounds. The preferred original starting materials for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention are halosilanes (preferably chlorosilanes), and boric acid, as sources of silicon and boron respectively. Whilst the reactions are carried out as if the halogen atoms of halosilanes tend to be decreasingly labile as progressive substitution occurs, there is no evidence to substantiate this fact other than the evidence from elemental analysis and the indirect inferences drawn from spectral analysis. Thus it would appear that the products obtained on substitution of the halogen by, for example, hydroxy compounds, such as alkanols, glycols and glycol ethers can be controlled to a large extent by controlling the stoichiometry of the reactants. The same considerations would appear to apply to the reaction of the hydrogen atoms of boric acid where indeed the literature appears to support the progressive lability of the hydrogen atoms. A preferred process particularly suitable for preparing compounds of the invention which may generally be classed as substituted silanes comprises reacting an appropriate partial borate ester (usually a borate ester having a single B--O--H linkage), which may be prepared for example by heating boric acid and the appropriate hydroxyl compound until the theoretical amount of water has been given off, with an appropriate halosilane, the halogen preferably being chlorine. The number of halogen atoms in the halosilane will generally correspond to the desired number of boron atoms in the product. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, this method comprises reacting B(OH)3 with a compound of formula HO--(R5 O)n --R6 wherein n, R5 and R6 are each as defined above, and reacting the product with a halosilane of the formula R2 SiX2 Y wherein R2 is as defined above, Y is a halogen atom, and each X independently is a halogen atom or a group of the formula R1 as defined above.
Alternatively for preparing compounds of the invention which may generally be classed as substituted boranes it is preferred to react an appropriate halosilane with an appropriate hydroxyl compound and to react the product with boric acid. The hydroxy-containing compound is usually used in an appropriate stoichiometric amount so as to leave a single chlorine atom bonded to silicon. This reaction may be carried out by known methods, for example by heating the compounds together. The product is then reacted with the appropriate borate ester, which may or may not be previously substituted, according to how many atoms of silicon it is desired to introduce.
The borate esters may be produced by known methods by reaction of boric acid with an appropriate hydroxy-containing compound.
In a preferred embodiment, the method therefore comprises optionally reacting a halosilane of the formula R2 SiX2 Y, wherein R2 is as defined above, Y is a halogen atom and each X independently is a halogen atom or a group of the formula R1 as defined above, with a compound of the formula H(OR5)n --OR6, and reacting the product with a boric acid compound of the formula Z2 BOH wherein each group Z independently is a hydroxyl group, or a group of the formula --(OR5)n --OR6, and R5, R6 and n are each as defined above.
Compounds including a B--O--B linkage may be prepared by including a pyroborate or metaborate among the starting materials.
Those of the foregoing reactions involving substitution of halogen on silicon generally evolve hydrogen halide, and this may either be purged, for example with nitrogen, and removed from the system, or the reaction may be carried out in the presence of an appropriate amount of a base, for example ammonia or an amine, such as pyridine which will form a salt with the hydrogen halide. The salt may be separated from the reaction mixture, for example by filtration.
Similarly condensation with boric acids will generally involve the evolution of water, which may be removed by known methods, for example by heating.
It is to be understood that the invention also includes the above-mentioned processes for preparing the compounds of the invention and compositions containing such compounds. Now follow by way of example preparations of typical compounds in accordance with the present invention.
In the Examples, parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise indicated. The chlorine levels of the compounds prepared in the Examples were generally less than 0.01%.
PAC Bis [bis (methyltriglycol)boronoxy] dimethyl silaneBoric acid (123.6 g 2 moles), triethyleneglycol monomethylether (methyl triglycol) (656 g, 4 moles) and toluene (2.5 liters) were heated with stirring in a glass vessel under a Dean & Stark apparatus until 72 ml (4 moles theoretical) of water were removed. The mixture was cooled and pyridine (158 g 2 moles) added followed by the dropwise addition of dimethyldichlorosilane (129 g 1 mole) at about 40°C After the moderate exotherm had subsided the mixture was heated for 2 hours at 70°C, filtered and stripped on a rotary evaporator at 120°/40 mmHg followed by stripping under high vacuum to a base temperature of 150°C at 0.1 mmHg. After filtration through a filter aid the product (722 g 94.5%) was a clear yellow liquid containing 2.76% boron, 3.27% silicon and 0.11% chlorine.
This analysis corresponds well with the compound in the heading above, the theoretical values being 2.88% boron and 3.66% Silicon. These theoretical values would also correspond to a mixture of the compound [CH3 (OCH2 CH2)3 O]2 Si(CH3)2 and methyl triglycol metaborate. However the metaborate has a characteristic peak in the infrared at 720 cm-1 which was absent in the compound isolated.
The product had a viscosity at -40°C of 3321 cSt and when tested for rubber swell properties in accordance with the SAE J1703 specification gave the following results:
| ______________________________________ |
| SBR G9: 8.8% |
| Natural R32: 1.5% |
| ______________________________________ |
This product was prepared substantially as in Example 1 but using the following reactants:
Boric acid (185.4 g, 3.0 mole)
Triethylene glycol monomethyl
ether (984.0 g, 6.0 mole)
Pyridine (237.0 g, 3.0 mole)
Trichloromethylsilane (149.5 g, 1.0 mole)
The product (1006 g, 91.3%) was a yellow liquid containing 2.67% silicon (theoretical 2.54%) and 2.78% boron (theoretical 2.94%).
PAC Tris (methyl triglycol dimethylsiloxy) boraneA mixture of pyridine (260.7 g, 3.3 mole) and triethyleneglycol monomethylether (492.0 g, 3.0 mole) was added to a mixture of dimethyl dichlorosilane (387.0 g, 3.0 mole) and toluene (1.0 liters) with cooling. The total mixture was then heated at 100°C, for 11/2 hours. When the mixture had cooled, and after filtration, boric acid (68.0 g, 1.1 mole) and pyridine (260.7 g, 3.3 mole) were then added alternately portionwise with the production of a mild exotherm. The reaction was completed by heating for 4 hours at 100°C after which time the solid was removed by filtration. The solvent was stripped off using a rotary evaporator and any volatiles by stripping to 185°C at 0.4 mmHg. The product was finally filtered to give 460 g (63.6%) of a yellow liquid containing 1.85% boron (theoretical 1.52%) and 11.6% silicon (theoretical 11.62%).
In each of Examples 4 to 38 the amount of pyridine used was such as to be equimolar with the theoretical amount of HCl produced, or in slight excess.
Preparations were carried out in the same manner as described in Example 1, but using the hydroxy-containing compounds shown in Table 1, in place of the triethyleneglycol monomethylether in approximately the same molar proportions, to produce compounds of the general formula:
Me2 Si [OB(OR)2 ]2
R being the residue of the hydroxy-containing compound.
The theoretical and experimentally determined silicon and boron contents are also shown in Table 1.
| TABLE 1 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Analysis |
| % Silicon % Boron |
| Example Alcohol (theoretical |
| (theoretical |
| No: (ROH) used value) value) |
| ______________________________________ |
| 4 Ethylene glycol |
| monobutylether 4.61 (4.83) |
| 3.44 (3.72) |
| 5 Diethylene glycol |
| monomethylether |
| 4.58 (4.76) |
| 3.46 (3.67) |
| 6 Triethylene glycol |
| monomethylether |
| 3.88 (3.66) |
| 2.72 (2.83) |
| 7 Diethylene glycol |
| monoethylether 4.17 (4.35) |
| 3.33 (3.35) |
| 8 Triethylene glycol |
| monoethylether 3.37 (3.41) |
| 2.48 (2.63) |
| 9 Dipropylene glycol |
| monomethylether |
| 4.13 (4.00) |
| 3.01 (3.09) |
| 10 Triethylene glycol |
| monomethylether |
| 3.03 (3.00) |
| 2.35 (2.32) |
| 11 (1) 2.40 (2.60) |
| 1.93 (2.01) |
| 12 (2) 2.77 (3.26) |
| 2.49 (2.51) |
| 13 (3) 2.75 (3.20) |
| 2.36 (2.47) |
| 14 (4) 3.05 (3.00) |
| 2.04 (2.32) |
| 15 (5) 1.82 (2.21) |
| 1.70 (1.70) |
| 16 n-hexanol 5.23 (5.43) |
| 3.82 (4.19) |
| 17 2-ethylhexanol 4.36 (4.46) |
| 2.82 (3.44) |
| 18 branched tride- |
| canol 2.86 (3.08) |
| 2.04 (2.38) |
| 19 2-methylcyclo- |
| hexanol 5.08 (4.96) |
| 3.63 (3.83) |
| 20 o-cresol 5.12 (5.20) |
| 4.01 (4.00) |
| 21 2-phenoxyethanol |
| 3.66 (4.24) |
| 2.91 (3.27) |
| 22(6) Triethylene glycol |
| monomethylether |
| 3.86 (3.67) |
| 2.78 (2.83) |
| ______________________________________ |
| (1) was a commercially available ethylene/propylene glycol ether supplie |
| by Dow Chemical Company (E555) having an equivalent weight of about 243 |
| and wherein the terminal ether alkyl groups are believed to be |
| predominantly methyl but with a proportion being ethyl. Its boiling point |
| is 290°C |
| (2) was a commercially available mixture of polyoxyethylene glycol |
| monomethyl ethers having an equivalent weight of about 188 and a boiling |
| point of about 260°C |
| (3) was a commercially available ethylene/propyleneglycol monoethyl ethe |
| having a boiling point of 260°C and an equivalent weight of 192. |
| (4) was a commercially available mixture of polyoxyethylene glycol ethyl |
| and butyl ethers, having an equivalent weight of 207. |
| (5) was a commercially available mixture of C12 and C14 |
| alcohols with an average of three oxyethylene groups attached. |
| (6) in this preparation the solvent used was carbon tetrachloride. |
The compounds of the general formula
Et2 Si[OB(O[CH2 CH2 O]3 Me)2 ]2 (25)
and
C6 H6 MeSi[OB(O[CH2 CH2 O]3 Me)2 ]2 (24)
were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, but using diethyldichlorosilane, and methylphenyldichlorosilane respectively, in place of dimethyldichlorosilane. The theoretical and measured silicon and boron content are shown below in the same manner as in Table 1.
| ______________________________________ |
| % Si % B |
| ______________________________________ |
| Example 23 3.54 (3.54) |
| 2.61 (2.72) |
| Example 24 2.99 (3.39) |
| 2.59 (2.62) |
| ______________________________________ |
The procedure was the same as in Example 2, except that the hydroxy-compounds shown in Table 2 were used in place of trimethyleneglycol monomethylether in approximately stoichiometric proportions, to produce compounds of the general formula MeSi[OB(OR)2 ]3, R being the residue of the hydroxy-containing compound.
| TABLE 2 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Analysis |
| % Silicon % Boron |
| Example Alcohol (theoretical |
| (theoretical |
| No: (ROH) used value) value) |
| ______________________________________ |
| 25 Diethylene glycol |
| monomethylether |
| 3.61 (3.34) |
| 3.39 (3.87) |
| 26 n-hexanol 3.71 (3.84) |
| 3.66 (4.44) |
| 27 Tripropylene |
| glycol monomethyl- |
| ether 2.13 (2.07) |
| 1.93 (2.40) |
| 28 Tripropylene glycol |
| monomethylether |
| 2.22 2.24 |
| ______________________________________ |
In Example 28, the conditions and reagents were the same as in Example 27. As can be seen from Table 2, the silicon and boron content of the products were slightly different.
Preparation of C5 H11 Me2 Si OB(O[CH2 CH2 O]3 Me)2 The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that pentyldimethylchlorosilane was used in place of dimethyldichlorosilane. The product was analysed and determined to have a silicon content of 6.11% (theoretical 5.81%) and a boron content of 1.88% (theoretical 2.24%).
Preparation of ##STR11## The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except dipropyleneglycol monomethylether was used instead of triethyleneglycol monomethylether in an approximately stoichiometric amount, and ##STR12## instead of dimethyldichlorosilane. The silicon content of the product was found to be 3.37% (theoretical 3.37%) and the boron content 2.57% (theoretical 2.60%).
Preparation of
MeSi[O(CH2 CH2 O)2 Me]2 [OB(O[CH2 CH2 O]2 Me)2 ]
The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that diethyleneglycol monomethylether was used in place of triethyleneglycol monomethylether in approximately the appropriate stoichiometric amount, and MeSiCl [O(CH2 CH2 O)2 Me]2 was used in place of Me2 Si Cl2. The silicon content of the product was found to be 35% (theoretical 5.13) and the boron content 2.14% (theoretical 1.98%).
Preparation of compounds of the formula
Me2 Si[OR'] [OB(OR")2 ]
The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that the appropriate alcohol R"OH (4 moles) was used in place of dimethyleneglycol monomethylether in approximately the appropriate stoichiometric amounts, and Me2 Si(OR') Cl was used in place of Me2 Si Cl2. The results are shown in Table 3.
| TABLE 3 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Analysis |
| % Silicon % Boron |
| Example |
| Alcohol (theoretical |
| (theoretical |
| No: Residue value) value) |
| ______________________________________ |
| 32 R' = (CH2 CH2 O)3 Me |
| 4.93 (4.88) |
| 1.97 (1.88) |
| R" = (CH2 CH2 O)3 Me |
| 33 4' = (CH2 CH2 O)2 Et |
| 5.49 (5.79) |
| 2.42 (2.23) |
| R" = (CH2 CH2 O)2 Et |
| 34 |
| ##STR13## 5.12 (5.93) |
| 2.36 (2.29) |
| 35 R'= CH2 CH2 O H |
| 8.11 (6.79) |
| 3.06 (2.62) |
| R" = (CH2 CH2 O)3 Et |
| ______________________________________ |
The procedure was the same as used in Example 3, except that the material referred to in footnote 1 to Table 1 was used in place of triethyleneglycol monomethylether, to produce a compound of the general formula:
B[OSi(OR8)Me2 ]3
wherein R8 is the residue of the said ethylene/propylene glycol ether. The silicon and boron contents of the product were 7.94 and 1.13 (calculated 8.79 and 1.13) respectively.
Preparation of
(RO)B[OSi(OR)Me2 ]2
(R=(CH2 CH2 O)2 Et)
The procedure was the same as in Example 3, except that diethyleneglycol monoethylether was used in place of triethyleneglycol monomethylether in an approximately stoichiometric amount, and (RO)B(OH)2 in place of boric acid. The silicon content of the product was found to be 11.3% (theoretical 10.04%) and the boron content 1.37% (theoretical 1.94%).
Preparation of
(RO)B OSi(OR)2 Me2
(R=(CH2 CH2 O)2 Et)
The procedure was the same as in Example 37, except that methyltrichlorosilane was used in place of dimethyldichlorosilane, in an approximately stoichiometric amount. The silicon content of the product was found to be 7.98% (theoretical 7.05%) and the boron content 1.50% (theoretical 1.36%)
PAC Formulation of hydraulic fluidsIn order to assess the suitability of the compounds prepared in Examples 2 to 38 as components of hydraulic fluids two types of blends were prepared. The first type consisted of 30% by weight of the compound indicated and 0.2% cyclohexylamine, the balance being triethyleneglycol monomethylether. The blends are shown in Table 4.
The second type of blend consisted of 10% by weight of the compound indicated and 5% Primene JMT (Trade Mark) the balance being a gas oil to the DTD585B specification having a viscosity at 100°C of 1.2 cSt. The blends are shown in Table 5.
In each case the viscosity at -40°C was determined and in the vast majority of cases found to be well within the requirements of the various specifications laid down for automotive hydraulic fluids.
Rubber swell properties were evaluated for styrene/butadiene (SBR) (G9) natural (R32), and nitrile rubbers (A79). These were determined by measuring the percentage increase in volume of a 1 inch (2.54 cm) square 2 mm thick rubber specimen in 50 mls of test fluid. The duration of the test in each case was three days, and the temperature was 120°C for SBR and 70°C for the natural and nitrile rubbers.
Vapour lock temperatures were determined before (dry) and after subjecting the fluid to a Humidity Test essentially according to the FMVSS 116 Specification.
The vapour lock was determined on the Castrol Vapour Lock Indicator. In this device a small fixed size sample of fluid is heated at a standard rate in an enclosed container (boiler) having a small outlet.
The detailed description of the Castrol Vapour Lock Indicator is given in U.S. Pat. No. 3,844,159.
When the vapour lock temperature is reached, the sudden formation of vapour in the boiler ejects fluid through the small outlet into a container, where its presence is detected. The temperature of the fluid in the boiler when this occurs is measured and is defined as the vapour lock temperature.
| TABLE 4 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Vapour Lock |
| Example Temp (°C.) |
| No. of Viscosity after |
| Ex- Compound (cSt) Rubber Swell D.O.T. |
| ample of at (3 day test) Humid- |
| No: Invention -40°C |
| SBR Natural |
| Dry ity |
| ______________________________________ |
| 39 4 475 19.1 7.5 206 153 |
| 40 5 417 6.4 -0.3 211 165 |
| 41 6 557 6.0 -1.5 229 160 |
| 42 7 443 9.7 0.85 215 163 |
| 43 8 582 6.9 0.2 226 158 |
| 44 9 489 13.2 2.9 213 158 |
| 45 10 569 12.0 2.5 225 159 |
| 46 11 692 -1.1 0.1 230 157 |
| 47 12 678 4.8 -0.07 233 159 |
| 48 13 629 6.8 0.5 232 161 |
| 49 14 498 6.4 0.6 231 156 |
| 50 15 solid 19.5 8.5 229 152 |
| 51 20 10535 10.7 1.7 222 162 |
| 52 21 4452 9.9 1.2 232 157 |
| 53 22 647 6.5 -0.33 -- -- |
| 54 23 512 6.3 -- 238 (169) |
| 55 24 1350 6.6 0.05 227 157 |
| 56 2 671 -- -0.5 -- 160 |
| 57 25 482 6.1 0.1 215 160 |
| 58 27 553 12.2 18.2 221 149 |
| 59 28 961 13.5 3.1 229 160 |
| 60 29 792 19.3 -- -- -- |
| 61 30 493 9.4 2.1 220 161 |
| 62 31 380 7.3 0.7 228 160 |
| 63 32 458 5.4 0.5 237 162 |
| 64 33 345 10.0 2.5 230 161 |
| 65 35 738 9.9 2.1 235 163 |
| 66 3 429 7.7 0.4 246 163 |
| 67 36 514 6.6 -2.2 240 163 |
| 68 37 401 11.0 3.3 231 155 |
| 69 38 401 9.3 1.4 163 159 |
| ______________________________________ |
| TABLE 5 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Example |
| No. of Rubber Swell |
| Vapour Lock |
| Compound Viscosity (3 day test) |
| Temp (°C.) |
| Example |
| of (cSt) on A79 0.2% |
| No: Invention at -40°C |
| nitrile rubber |
| Dry Water |
| ______________________________________ |
| 70 7 186 10.8 245 221 |
| 71 9 189 8.8 245 229 |
| 72 10 197 6.9 248 231 |
| 73 16 158 3.5 242 189 |
| 74 17 153 4.4 245 -- |
| 75 18 259 5.1 240 200 |
| 76 19 255 4.6 245 211 |
| 77 26 131 2.0 241 189 |
| 78 27 194 7.4 241 209 |
| 79 30 186 7.5 241 209 |
| 80 34 178 3.4 240 180 |
| ______________________________________ |
As is evidenced by the foregoing Examples 39 to 80, the use of the compounds of the invention in hydraulic fluids in amounts as low as 10% can provide fluids which are not excessively hygroscopic, and yet in which the compounds of the invention provide a sufficiently high scavenging rate, as evidenced by the retention of high vapour lock temperatures throughout the life of the fluid.
When the compounds are used in other fluids such as electrical oils, much smaller amounts can be used.
Preparation of
B(OCH2 CH2 OSiMe3)3
A mixture of ethylene glycol (409.2 g, 6.6 mole) and boric acid (136 g, 2.2 mole) was heated using carbon tetrachloride as azeotroping agent and 118.8 ml of water were removed. To this mixture was added pyridine (521.4 g, 616 mole) followed by Trimethyl chlorosilane (651 g, 6 mole). The mixture was heated at 80°C for 4 hours then filtered and stripped of volatiles to 120°C at 20 mmHg and filtered.
Analysis showed the product to contain 3.44% boron and 18.2% silicon (calculated 2.64% and 20.5% respectively).
Harrington, Colin J., Askew, Herbert F.
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| Executed on | Assignor | Assignee | Conveyance | Frame | Reel | Doc |
| Apr 13 1979 | Castrol Limited | (assignment on the face of the patent) | / | |||
| Jul 15 1980 | ASKEW, HERBERT F | Castrol Limited | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST | 003800 | /0454 | |
| Jul 15 1980 | HARRINGTON COLIN JOHN | Castrol Limited | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST | 003800 | /0454 |
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