An SMR repeater is made agile by adding a microprocessor controlled frequency selection circuit to enable the repeater to operate on any one of several available frequencies in a band. For dispatch service, the output of the repeater is switched to a power amplifier feeding an omni-directional antenna. The repeater scans several frequencies sequentially. If a signal is detected, scanning is halted to provide repeater service, after which scanning is resumed. The frequency agile repeater is coupled to an antenna system having a narrow beam which can be steered electronically. A control computer scans the azimuth of the beam. The computer divides a service area into a plurality of cells extending radially from the antenna system and assigns channels as needed to service a subscriber. More than one cell can be on the same frequency without interference. The microprocessor includes a table in memory of call signs corresponding to particular transmission frequencies and causes the repeater to transmit the appropriate call sign when transmitting at a particular frequency.
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2. A mobile radio system for operation in a predetermined propagation area, said system comprising:
at least two frequency agile repeaters in said propagation area, wherein a first of said repeaters scans all channels for activity in said area; a computer coupled to said repeaters for controlling the frequencies thereof; said computer including memory, wherein a table of available frequencies for transmission and for reception is stored in said memory and said computer causes said repeaters to operate on preselected frequencies under software control; and an omnidirectional antenna coupled to said first repeater and a steerable antenna array coupled to a second repeater.
1. A specialized mobile radio system for providing both dispatch and cellular radio operations in a predetermined propagation area, said system comprising:
an antenna system having an electronically steerable, narrow beam; at least one repeater coupled to said antenna system, said repeater operable in any one of a plurality of frequencies and capable of changing from one frequency to another frequency in a predetermined sequence; a control computer coupled to said repeater and to said antenna for rotating the beam of said antenna and for scanning a plurality of frequencies to provide service in a plurality of cells extending radially from said antenna system; wherein said control computer includes a memory containing a table of call signs corresponding to said plurality of frequencies and said computer causes each repeater to automatically identify itself with one of said call signs when the corresponding frequency is selected for transmission by downloading frequency and call sign data to each repeater.
3. The mobile radio system as set forth in
4. The mobile radio system as set forth in
wherein said computer causes each repeater to transmit the call sign associated with transmission frequency then in use by the repeater by downloading frequency and call sign data to each repeater.
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This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/498,510 filed Jul. 5, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,697,052.
This invention relates to a repeater system for enabling mobile or portable radio stations to communicate with each other and, in particular, to a specialized mobile radio system that operates like a cellular system.
A repeater is a receiver-transmitter combination for receiving a signal at one frequency and re-transmitting the signal on a second frequency. Depending upon application, the transmitted frequency may be relatively close to the received frequency, e.g. 600 khz., or greatly displaced from the received signal. Depending upon application, frequency, and government regulation, the transmitter in a repeater may be relatively powerful, hundreds of watts, or may be rated at just a few watts.
Commercial two-way radio communication has evolved into two different techniques for mobile operation, cellular and specialized mobile radio or dispatch service. Cellular systems use several repeaters dispersed in a geographic area and operating at low power to keep propagation relatively short, e.g. within a radius of less than ten miles. The local area covered by each repeater overlaps the local areas covered by neighboring repeaters, forming overlapping "cells" of coverage. A subscriber traveling from one cell to another cell is automatically switched from one repeater to another by a computer coupled to the repeaters by microwave link, optical fiber, or wire.
Because propagation is short, the frequencies used by one repeater can be used by a non-neighboring repeater without interference. Because frequencies can be re-used, more subscribers can be served in a given geographic area. The frequency spectrum is allocated by government regulation and only a limited number of frequencies or channels are available. Thus, re-using assigned frequencies in a geographic area provides much more efficient use of a limited resource.
Specialized mobile radio (SMR) uses a powerful repeater, usually located at the highest available elevation in a geographic area. The repeater is coupled to an omni-directional antenna to cover the entire geographic area, enabling dispatchers to communicate with a fleet of vehicles in the geographic area and enabling the vehicles to communicate with each other. SMR repeaters are adjustable in frequency but operate at a fixed frequency. A problem with SMR repeaters is that the frequency setting mechanism, typically a small cluster of switches ("DIP" switches), requires that the repeater be turned off, the frequency set, and the repeater turned on. Even if the switches can be set while the repeater is on, the computer in the repeater must be reset in order to read the new settings. Thus, resetting the frequency of a repeater involves significant down time.
There are several differences between cellular radio and SMR. A first difference is that an SMR repeater operates on a single frequency, i.e. there can be only one user. Another difference is that an SMR repeater operates "half duplex," which means that a user can transmit or receive but not both, i.e. only one party to a conversation can talk at a time and everyone else on that frequency or channel must listen. There is often a busy condition where one user occupies a channel needed by another user. Trunked specialized mobile radio (TSMR) improves service by using a computer to switch users among several channels, typically five to twenty, enabling more conversations to take place with fewer busy conditions.
A problem with cellular systems is the large investment in capital equipment because of the number of cells required to cover a geographic area. Each cell must have a repeater, an antenna, a favorable site for locating the antenna, electrical power, licenses, and other expenses including the cost of the control computer and the communication links to each repeater. On the other hand, SMR has a lower capital investment but serves a limited number of users compared to cellular radio.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,802,235 (Treatch) describes a mobile transceiver which can be used for either cellular operation or trunked dispatch operation. A logic controlled frequency synthesizer enables the transceiver to operate with either a 25 kc. or a 30 kc. channel separation, as required for the different modes of operation. The patent relates to a mobile transceiver, not to a repeater, and does not address the problem of increasing the capacity of SMR repeater systems.
In view of the foregoing, it is therefore an object of the invention to increase the number of subscribers that can be served by an SMR system.
Another object of the invention is to provide a low cost SMR system that can serve a large number of users.
A further object of the invention is to operate an SMR system like a cellular system.
Another object of the invention is to enable a given frequency or channel to be used simultaneously for separate transmissions in a give geographic area without conflict or interference.
A further object of the invention is to add multi-user telephone capability to an SMR system.
The foregoing objects are achieved by this invention, in which an SMR repeater is made frequency agile by adding a computer controlled frequency selection circuit to enable the repeater to operate on any one of several available frequencies in a band. For dispatch service, the output of the repeater is switched to a power amplifier feeding an omni-directional antenna. The repeater can scan a subset of the available frequencies sequentially. If a signal is detected, scanning is halted to provide repeater service, after which scanning is resumed.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a frequency agile repeater is coupled to an antenna system having a narrow beam which can be steered electronically. A control computer scans the azimuth of the beam. The computer divides a service area into a plurality of cells extending radially from the antenna and assigns channels as needed to service a subscriber. More than one cell can be on the same channel at the same time without interference. An interface or "patch" to telephones can be provided to further enhance the performance of the system.
A more complete understanding of the invention can be obtained by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The number of cells and their placement are determined by the actual shape of the geographic area in which services is desired. Assuming a circular geographic area, as represented by circle 10, seven overlapping cells, each having a radius of about eight miles, could cover a geographic area having a radius of approximately twenty miles, as indicated by radius 21. A frequency or channel in use in one cell could not be used in an adjoining cell but could be used in a non adjoining cell in the same area. For example, a channel in use in circle 16 could not be used in circle 17 but could be used in circles 12, 13, or 14. Thus, a large number of subscribers can be served without interference.
An SMR repeater servicing the geographic area represented by circle 27 is similarly configured, that is, the repeater is capable of operating on one of a plurality of frequencies in a given band.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a repeater for a specialized mobile radio system is modified as illustrated in
Microprocessor 36 is programmed to scan pre-selected channels in a designated order. For example, microprocessor 36 is programmed to check a plurality of channels alternately with channel one. This enables the repeater to monitor a "home" channel for activity while scanning a subset of all possible channels.
A number of commercially available repeaters can be modified in accordance with the invention to provide the scanning or the frequency agility functions. For example,
As illustrated in
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the functions of microprocessor 45 and 47, or microprocessor 36 and 31, are combined in a single microprocessor.
Receive synthesizer 73 includes phased lock loop circuit 81, voltage controlled oscillator 82, and amplifier 83. Microprocessor 71 controls the frequency at which the loop locks by way of data line 85, clock line 86 and receive enable line 87. Similarly, transmit synthesizer 75 includes phase lock loop 91, voltage controlled oscillator 92, and amplifier 93. Synthesizer 75 is controlled by data line 85, clock line 86 and transmission enable line 95.
Output 96 from synthesizer 73 is coupled as one input to mixer 98. A second input to mixer 98 is coupled to pre-amp 99, which is coupled to antenna array 115 and which includes suitable filters, amplifiers, and impedance matching networks. Output 101 from mixer 98 is coupled to receiver 100 for further amplification, filtering, and detection. Either voice or data or both voice and data can be transmitted and received.
Line 77 is a serial data line, such as an RS232 line, for transferring data between microprocessor 71 and control computer 80. Repeaters 155 and 156 are also coupled to computer 80 by a serial link. Input line 78 is a repeater network data link between computer 80 and each of the repeaters at the site. Line 79 is an antenna network data link for controlling antenna selection and azimuth by way of beam switch 116.
A voltage indicative of signal strength (the average amplitude of a received signal) is provided by receiver 100 on line 105 to level detector 106. In its simplest form, level detector 106 is a capacitor for smoothing the voltage indicative of signal strength. Other circuits, e.g. threshold sensing circuits, can be included in level detector 106. The output from level detector 106 is converted into a digital signal by A/D converter 108. The output of A/D converter is coupled to input 109 of microprocessor 71. The amplitude information is coupled by microprocessor 71 to the control computer for steering the beam in antenna array 115 by way of beam switch circuitry 116. For example, repeater 70 tracks a vehicle moving from one cell to another by monitoring the amplitude of the received signal and briefly switching the beam position to determine if the signal level decreases or increases, thereby selecting the appropriate azimuth for the beam to maintain contact with a subscriber.
The output from frequency synthesizer 75 is coupled by line 121 to one input of mixer 123. Input 125 to mixer 123 is coupled to a stable local oscillator for producing an appropriate frequency on output line 127. Output line 127 is coupled to final amplifier 129, which couples the frequency determining portion of the repeater to antenna array 115 and includes an amplifier, filter, and matching network (not shown). Final amplifier 129 includes gain control input 126, which can be coupled to microprocessor 71 or to a control computer for adjusting the output power of repeater 70.
As illustrated in
The azimuth of beam 137 can be changed, e.g. to position 137', by controlling the phase of the signals to the elements in array 131, as known in the antenna art. Because beam 137 is controlled by digital circuitry, the azimuth adjustment is incremental rather than continuous, although the increments can be made arbitrarily small. The increments should not be larger than the beam width. For example, as illustrated in
In a mobile radio system having radially extending cells, non-adjoining cells are essentially isolated from each other and can operate at the same frequency. For example, in
A repeater constructed in accordance with the invention can operate in several different modes. SMR wide area dispatch operation can be omnidirectional as in the prior art but base-to-mobile operations or telephone calls require the combination of a steerable beam antenna and radially extending cells in order to minimize interference and to increase the number of subscribes who can be on the air simultaneously. For wide area dispatch service, the output of a synthesizer is coupled to a power amplifier feeding an omni-directional antenna in antenna array 115.
In the steerable beam antenna mode, the beam is electronically rotated like an airport beacon. While the beam is rotating, the available channels are scanned for activity. A continuous data stream of signal level information and direction information is available to enable the control computer to select the repeater and the antenna most suited for the service. When a signal is detected, the frequency scanning and azimuth scanning are halted to provide repeater service and then resumed after a subscriber has been served.
Scan frequencies are programmed into the control computer, which defines scanning speed, repeat hold times before resuming scanning, the sequence of channels, and azimuth. By combining signal requests from subscribers with the status information in the control computer, one avoids interfering with other systems by knowing what channels are used in the other systems and including this data in the control computer. The control computer can skip the potentially conflicting channels or reduce power to avoid overlap of propagation.
Having thus described the invention, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention. For example, although a circular service area is shown, it is understood that terrain, tall buildings, and government or military usage may result in a service area far more complicated than a circle and that two or more repeater sites may have to be used to cover a service area. In accordance with the invention, frequency agile SMR repeaters can be located at more than one site and coordinated by a single computer. Overlap between cells radiating from different repeater sites is minimized by reducing power for certain azimuths (along a line between the sites) at each repeater site. Thus, propagation is reduced and overlap and interference are minimized. Instead of monitoring a home channel, a first repeater at a site can be coupled to an omnidirectional antenna and scan all channels for activity in the area. When activity is found, a second receiver, set to the active channel, is coupled to a steerable array to locate and lock on to the subscriber. The first repeater can continue to scan the remaining channels for activity. Although an electronically rotatable antenna is preferred, a mechanically rotated antenna can be used instead.
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