An article, such as a tamper evident container, includes an indicator having a first layer including a thermochromic ink composition, and a second layer, disposed on the first layer, having a composition different from the ink composition of the first layer. The article exhibits better evidence of tampering. The first and/or second layer can be in the form of a message.
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1. A tamper evident container comprising:
a) a first portion; b) an opening capable of providing access to the interior of the tamper evident container; c) a closure portion arranged to be superposable with the first portion; d) an adhesive, applied to the first portion or closure portion, having a free surface so arranged as to seal the opening on superposition of the first portion and the closure portion; and e) an indicator which is capable of displaying a message, wherein the indicator is disposed, on superposition of the first portion and the closure portion, adjacent to the opening, and wherein the indicator comprises (i) a first layer comprising a thermochromic ink composition, and (ii) a second layer, disposed adjacent the first layer, comprising a composition different from the ink composition of the first layer. 13. A tamper evident container comprises:
a) a first portion; b) an opening capable of providing access to the interior of the tamper evident container; c) a closure portion arranged to be superposable with the first portion; d) an adhesive, applied to the first portion or closure portion, having a free surface so arranged as to seal the opening on superposition of the first portion and the closure portion; and e) an indicator which is capable of displaying a message, wherein the indicator is disposed, on superposition of the first portion and the closure portion, adjacent to the opening, and wherein the indicator comprises (i) a first printed layer comprising a first thermochromic ink composition, wherein the first thermochromic ink composition defines an alphabetic, numeric, or alphanumeric message; and (ii) a second layer, disposed on the first layer, comprising a second thermochromic ink composition different from the first thermochromic ink composition of the first layer. 2. The tamper evident container of
3. The tamper evident container of
4. The tamper evident container of
5. The tamper evident container of
6. The tamper evident container of
7. The tamper evident container of
8. The tamper evident container of
10. The tamper evident container of
i) thermochromic ink; ii) non-thermochromic ink; iii) aqueous evident ink; iv) mechanical evident ink; v) solvent evident ink; and vi) deactivating agent.
11. The tamper evident container of
12. The tamper evident container of
14. The tamper evident container of
15. The tamper evident container of
(i) a first layer comprising a thermochromic ink composition; (ii) a second layer, disposed adjacent the first layer, comprising a composition selected from the group consisting of a) thermochromic ink; b) non-thermochromic ink; c) aqueous evident ink; d) mechanical evident ink; e) solvent evident ink; and f) deactivating agent; and (iii) a third layer, disposed adjacent the second layer, comprising a composition selected from the group consisting of a) thermochromic ink; b) non-thermochromic ink; c) aqueous evident ink; d) mechanical evident ink; e) solvent evident ink; and f) deactivating agent. 16. The tamper evident container of
17. The tamper evident container of
18. The tamper evident container of
19. The tamper evident container of
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The present application is a division application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/524,946 filed Mar. 14, 2000, the benefit of which is claimed under 35 USC Section 120.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/143,210, filed Jul. 9, 1999.
The present invention relates to articles, more particularly to tamper evident containers such as tamper evident envelopes, characterized by improved evidence of tampering.
It is known that banking establishments and the like use tamper evident containers for transmitting valuables, for example specified sums of money, securities, cash in transit (CIT), etc. from one department to another. The system operated by such establishments is such that it is readily possible to ascertain whether a tamper evident container has been stolen in transit. However it is ordinarily more difficult to ascertain whether the tamper evident container has been opened in transit and then resealed after some of the contents have been removed. In order to overcome this problem, tamper evident containers have been provided wherein any attempt to gain access to the interior of the tamper evident container becomes visibly apparent.
Typically, the walls of such tamper evident containers are formed of sheet material including a portion having an opening which gives access to the interior of the tamper evident container. The tamper evident containers include a closure portion arranged to be superposed on the portion having the opening, to close the tamper evident container. Closure is effected by means of a band of high-tack adhesive which is applied across the closure portion or the portion having the opening, for example from the molten state, from transfer tape, solvent cast or in the form of a tape. The adhesive may be pressure sensitive adhesive, and suitable adhesives include thermoplastic hot melt adhesives, silicone adhesives, acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives, solvent cast adhesives, UV (ultraviolet) or EB (electron beam) cured acrylic adhesives, and the like.
Such adhesives are required to have high initial tack with respect to the surface of the sheet material and also to have high adhesive and cohesive strength. In order to provide a visible indication of any attempt to open the tamper evident container by separating the closure portion and the portion having the opening, the adhesive should be strong enough to cause stretching, tearing, or other mechanical distortion of the portions upon attempted opening of the container. If desired, perforations or serrated edges may be provided in the closure portion to indicate tearing and emphasize the effect.
With the exception of silicone adhesives, adhesives suitable for the closure of tamper evident containers have a softening temperature which is below the melting point of the closure portion and of the sheet material. The softening temperature is commonly in the range of between 50°C C. and 90°C C. Accordingly, by the local application of heat, an unauthorized person can open and reseal the tamper evident container without any visible indication that the tamper evident container has been opened.
To discourage this practice, thermochromic inks have been used in tamper evident containers. These inks are formulated to develop a permanent, nonreversible, and visibly evident color change when the adhesive on the envelope is exposed to heating. In this way, if unauthorized access to e.g. a tamper evident container is attempted by means of local application of heat to an adhesive on the envelope, a color change in the ink makes this evident. Typical conventional thermochromic inks for this application are formulated from a leuco dye, a phenolic compound, an organic diluent, water, and polyvinyl alcohol. A thermochromic ink composition with improved wet abrasion resistance includes, in addition to the basic formulation of conventional inks, hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate) and an organic compound with at least one carbonyl group, preferably an aldehyde and more preferably a dialdehyde such as glyoxal. This improved ink composition is the subject of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/143211 assigned to a common assignee with the present application, and filed in the US Patent and Trademark Office on Jul. 9, 1999, and refiled as a regular application concurrently with the present application.
Although these thermochromic ink systems provide a good visual indication of unauthorized tampering with the tamper evident container or other article, they typically require the end user to know in advance about the change in color; otherwise, the color change triggered by subsequent tampering activity may go unnoticed.
Also, such ink systems can be circumvented by unauthorized personnel by removing the thermochromic ink coating with an organic or aqueous solvent. To prevent this, further protection must be provided by printing messages over the thermochromic ink layer or coating, to prevent or make obvious any tampering of the thermochromic ink layer itself prior to heating.
It is therefore desirable to provide an article, especially an article such as a tamper evident container which utilizes thermochromic ink, which offers improved evidence of tampering.
In a first aspect, a tamper evident container comprises a first portion; an opening capable of providing access to the interior of the tamper evident container; a closure portion arranged to be superposable with the first portion; an adhesive, applied to the first portion or closure portion, having a free surface so arranged as to seal the opening on superposition of the first portion and the closure portion; and an indicator which is capable of displaying a message; wherein the indicator is disposed, on superposition of the first portion and the closure portion, adjacent to the opening; and wherein the indicator comprises a first layer comprising a thermochromic ink composition, and a second layer, disposed on the first layer, comprising a composition different from the ink composition of the first layer.
In a second aspect, an article comprises a first layer comprising a first thermochromic ink composition; and a second layer, disposed on the first layer, comprising a composition different from the ink composition of the first layer.
In a third aspect, a tamper evident container comprises a first portion; an opening capable of providing access to the interior of the tamper evident container; a closure portion arranged to be superposable with the first portion; an adhesive, applied to the first portion or closure portion, having a free surface so arranged as to seal the opening on superposition of the first portion and the closure portion; and an indicator which is capable of displaying a message; wherein the indicator is disposed, on superposition of the first portion and the closure portion, adjacent to the opening; and wherein the indicator comprises a substrate, and a message layer printed on the substrate, wherein the message is printed with a thermochromic ink.
In a fourth aspect, an article comprises a first substrate layer, a second layer, printed on the first substrate layer, wherein the second layer comprises a thermochromic ink; and a third, discontinuous layer, disposed on the second layer, wherein the third layer defines a message, and wherein the third layer comprises a deactivating agent, or non-thermochromic ink.
All compositional percentages used herein are presented on a "by weight" basis, unless designated otherwise.
Definitions
"Aqueous evident" herein refers to a continuous or discontinuous layer, coating, printing, or messaging that displays a visual change in color, shape, size, or pattern when contacted with an aqueous medium.
"Container" herein refers to bags, pouches, envelopes, or other articles which can store a product.
"Deactivating agent" herein refers to a chemical agent that prevents thermochromic ink, covered by the agent, from changing color upon heating to the normal activation temperature of the ink.
"Mechanical evident" herein refers to a continuous or discontinuous layer or layers, coating, printing, or messaging that displays a visual change in color, shape, size, or pattern when stretched, torn, or otherwise distorted, or when an attempt is made to open a container which includes the mechanical evident layer.
"Message" herein refers to any alphabetic, numeric, or alphanumeric message, warning, or statement; a design; a pattern; a logo; change in color, design, or pattern; or other indicia that communicates to the viewer that tampering has occurred or been attempted.
"Solvent evident" refers to a continuous or discontinuous layer, coating, printing, or messaging that displays a visual change in color, shape, size, or pattern when contacted with a solvent.
"Thermochromic" herein refers to an ink that exhibits a permanent, non-reversible, and visibly evident color change when exposed to heat.
A detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention follows, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:
Referring to
At an end region of the tamper evident container 6 closer to the flap portion 7, an opening line in the form of a slit 8 extends across the first portion 3 terminating at each end at the weld zone 5. The slit 8 provides access to the interior of the tamper evident container 6. A band of adhesive 9 is provided on the flap portion 7. The choice of adhesive is not limited, although the adhesive should be a high tack adhesive having high cohesive and adhesive strength, such that any attempt to open the tamper evident container by separating the first portion and the closure portion will result in stretching, tearing, or other distortion of the first and/or closure portions, and can include any or all of those adhesives mentioned above. The adhesive 9 may be applied from the molten state or in the form of a tape, or by any other suitable method such as solvent cast or transfer tape technique. As can be seen from
As can be seen especially in
When using the tamper evident container, the items to be held in the tamper evident container are introduced through the slit 8. The cover strip 10 is then removed from the adhesive 9 and the flap portion 7 is folded over onto the portion 3, with the fold line being close to the proximal laterally extending part of the weld zone 5. The disposition of the adhesive layer 9 relative to the fold line of the flap portion 7 is such that when the flap portion 7 is brought down onto the first portion 3, the part of the flap portion 7 carrying the adhesive 9 straddles the slit 8 so that the slit 8 is completely overlain by the said adhesive 9. Thus, the slit 8 is completely sealed and there is no access opening whatsoever to the interior of the tamper evident container 6 (see
Referring to
Referring to
Further security features may be incorporated into the tamper evident containers as is particularly illustrated in
Referring now to
The continuous length 101 of sheet material is then cut transversely using a double heat sealing device comprising two pairs of heat sealing jaws between which is located a cutting blade so that the sheet material is cut into adjacent transverse sections each having heat sealed edges. Each of these sections constitutes a tamper evident container in accordance with the invention. It will be appreciated that a similar method can be applied for the production of the tamper evident containers in accordance with
Referring now to
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
The printed film when installed in or on the bag with adhesive, provides visible indication against mechanical tampering by preferentially separating at the printed areas. Referring again to
As an example, a message like "STOP" was printed on a translucent white film with clear ink and then corona treated. The same clear ink was printed as flood overcoat on top of the message. An orange ink was then printed as a flood coat. For testing, a clear adhesive tape (SCOTCH® tape) was placed over printed side of the printed film, i.e. was placed in contact with the orange flood coat. The adhesive tape was then partially pulled away to reveal the message. The adhesive tape was not completely removed from the film, and then was carefully placed back to match the two removed layers. Even after careful placement, the printed layers separated along the line of the message to reveal an outline of white message on an orange background.
In another example, a message like "STOP" was printed on a yellow translucent film with clear ink and then corona treated. A blue ink was then printed as flood overcoat on top of the message. The yellow film when viewed from the side opposite to the printed side appeared green. An adhesive tape was placed on the printed side and the tape was pulled to reveal the message. The tape was carefully placed back on the message. Even after careful placement, the printed layer separated along the line of message to reveal an outline of yellow message on a green background. In the examples illustrated in
Thermochromic ink can also be printed as message to give mechanical evidence.
Adhesive layers 205 and 405 can each form a single or multiple band, and can form a straight, wavy, continuous, or discontinuous line pattern or design.
Likewise, thermochromic ink layers 209 and 309 can each form a single or multiple band, and can form a straight, wavy, continuous, or discontinuous line pattern or design.
Thus, in accordance with the invention, a tape or other article is capable of showing evidence of heat, solvent, aqueous (including saliva), and mechanical tampering. Such a tape can be used in a wide variety of applications, and especially can be attached to a portion of a tamper evident container such as a tamper evident envelope. More specifically, the tape can be attached to or adjacent to part of the opening in a tamper evident envelope.
Depending on the choice of evidentiary ink compositions, multiple functions can be attained with the same indicator.
For example, heat evidence and solvent evidence can be attained with the same indicator.
Also, aqueous evidence and mechanical evidence can be attained with the same indicator.
Also, a thermochromic ink can be used to print a message on a substrate, and the thermochromic ink can be overprinted with one or more thermochromic or nonthermochromic inks. With the choice of colors of thermochromic and non-thermochromic inks, a message is completely hidden, if desired, in the multilayer printing. When heated, the thermochromic ink or inks are activated to show different colors. Thus, a heat evident signal (produced by the reaction of a thermochromic ink to heat) can be made to appear simultaneously in a different color from a background color to provide a high visual contrast when the indicator is heated above a certain temperature. This allows multiple colors and/or messages to be displayed, and makes for a more striking effect than from a single monochromatic message. An example appears below.
A thermoplastic tape was printed, using a first white thermochromic ink, with the letters "STOP" and then overprinted with another white thermochromic ink. The first ink was of a composition that, when heated, turns black. The second ink was of a composition that, when heated, turns pink. The initial appearance of the tape was a white band which did not reveal any lettering to an ordinary eye under normal viewing conditions. When the system was heated above the activation temperature of the inks, the letter "STOP" appeared in black on a pink background. The appearance of black letters with pink background, compared with the original appearance of a white band, provided excellent contrast and an unmistakable evidence of tampering.
Thus, even when the end user does not know in advance about the tamper evident feature of a container including the indicator of the invention, the subsequent dramatic change in color will make the tampering of the package quite evident, The printing with thermochromic ink on the tape is preferably on the same side as the mechanical evident messaging. Thus, once the article such as a tamper evident container has been sealed, the tape, having e.g. a polyethylene film substrate, protects the thermochromic ink from removal of the message by solvent or mechanical action. Prior to closing the container or other article, any tampering with solvent or aqueous medium, including saliva, is indicated by smearing or disappearance of an already printed message on the tape.
The invention is thus capable of providing an indicator that displays multiple colors with more than one message; solvent or aqueous evident printing adjacent to, or superimposed on, a thermochromic ink message; and multiple colors with more than one message appearing at different temperatures. In an alternative embodiment, thermochromic ink can be printed on a first portion of an envelope or other article, instead of on a discrete tape to be attached to the article, with single or multiple messages.
Although the invention has been described herein primarily with respect to tamper evident containers such as security envelopes, the invention can also be beneficially used in connection with the packaging or containment of biological materials or specimens, test samples, DNA evidence, forensic or criminal evidence, or any other product or item requiring some protection against tampering, theft, substitution, destruction, etc.
Also, although the article of the invention has been described herein primarily as a tamper evident container such as a security envelope, other articles can also be beneficially made utilizing the indicator of the invention. These articles include labels, tapes, foam trays, air cushioning films, shrink and non-shrink films, laminates, and temperature indicators.
An alternative embodiment, shown in
In still another alternative, a first substrate layer, comprising materials such as those described above, can be coated with a second layer comprising a thermochromic ink. This second layer can in turn be coated with a third, discontinuous layer, of a deactivating agent, or a non-thermochromic ink having either the same color as the original color of the thermochromic ink, or a color that when disposed on the thermochromic ink is masked by the thermochromic ink. If a deactivating agent is used, this agent will prevent those portions of the thermochromic ink covered by the agent, from changing color upon heating. An example of deactivating agent is a flexographic printing ink containing a significant amount e.g. 5% of dibutyl phthallate. An alternative deactivating agent is MIRAGE™ PVB™ varnish, having reference number MXA 22481/2.
The deactivating agent or non-thermochromic ink is disposed on the thermochromic ink of the second layer in the form of a message. Thus, upon heating, the thermochromic ink of the second layer will change color except in areas covered by the deactivating agent or non-thermochromic ink. A message will become evident, with the message itself bearing the original color of the thermochromic ink, and the background of the message bearing the color of the thermochromic ink after activation.
Application of coatings can be done by any suitable and conventional process, such as spray coating, solvent coating, rotogravure, flexographic, and other processes.
Another alternative embodiment is shown in
It is to be understood that variations of the present invention can be made without departing from the scope of the invention, which is not limited to the specific embodiments and examples disclosed herein, but extends to the claims presented below. For example, those skilled in the art will understand that although a specific tamper evident container is illustrated in
Also, the tamper evident tape can be applied by heat sealing to either an exterior or interior surface of a sheet portion of the envelope, and can be applied by gluing to an exterior surface of a sheet portion of the envelope. Thus, e.g. by reference to
Kannabiran, Rengan, Kannankeril, Charles P., Setter, Donald E., Todman, Victor
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