A method and device for supplementing current from the usb bus for enumerating usb devices that require additional current beyond that allowable by usb bus specification. A chargeable power source, such as a capacitor or rechargeable battery, is supplied to the enumeration circuitry and is charged from the usb bus for an initial period of time. The charged power source is then discharged to supplement the allowable current available for enumeration during a second period of time. It is during this second period of time that the enumeration takes place. The circuitry may exist in the usb device or may be supplied separately as a power monitor or power maintenance chip or device.
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9. A method for enumerating a usb device comprising:
charging a chargeable power source in a charging state coupled to a usb bus during a first time interval with current supplied by said usb bus;
switching from said charging state to a discharging state; and
discharging said power source in said discharging state during a second time interval, wherein resultant discharge current augments said current from said usb bus to generate an enhanced current of greater than 100 milliamps, and wherein said enhanced current is made available to a usb device during enumeration.
1. A device connection architecture for enumerating a universal serial bus (usb) device comprising:
a bus for supplying a current to said usb device;
a current mixer coupled to said bus;
a chargeable power source coupled to said bus;
wherein said current mixer is configured to allow said bus to charge said chargeable power source during a first time interval and wherein said chargeable power source is configured to discharge a supplementary current during a second time interval, said supplementary current being mixed with said current from said bus for supplying an enhanced current greater than 100 milliamps to said usb device during enumeration of said usb device; and
a control logic for switching from charging to discharging of said chargeable power source.
16. A device comprising:
a chargeable power supply for charging from a bus during a first time interval commencing upon a bus device being coupled to said bus and for discharging discharge current during a second time interval, wherein said second time interval comprises an enumeration process;
a current mixer coupled to said chargeable power supply and for coupling to said bus device, said current mixer for supplying current from said bus to said bus device during said first time interval and for supplying current from said bus in combination with said discharge current during said second time interval, and wherein said current supplied during said second time interval exceeds 100 milliamps; and
control logic coupled to control said current mixer and for switching from charging to discharging of said chargeable power source.
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of enumerating Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices. Specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and apparatus for providing a necessary amount of current for enumerating a USB device.
2. Related Art
Devices that connect to a host computer by means of a USB bus may be referred to as USB devices. A USB device may be a printer, a scanner, a hard disk, a digital camera, a CD burner, etc., or any device configured to connect to a host system or device via a USB bus. Enumeration is the bus related process by which a USB device is attached to a system and is assigned a specific numerical address that will be used to access that particular device. It is also the time at which the USB host controller queries the device in order to decide what type of device it is in order to attempt to assign to it an appropriate driver. This process is a fundamental step for every USB device because, without it, the device would never be able to be used by the operating system.
Until recently there were two classifications of USB devices, low speed devices and full speed devices. During the initial enumeration process, during which it identifies itself to the host and obtains an address, the device draws current from the V-bus line of the USB bus. A USB specification states that this current should not exceed 100 mA during enumeration. The low speed and full speed devices have had no trouble meeting the 100 mA specification. Once the initialization of the enumeration process is complete, the USB device may request to draw up to 500 mA, and may do so once the host has granted permission.
Recent USB devices have been manufactured that operate at higher speeds (High-Speed USB) than the full speed devices and, as a result, they may draw current in excess of 100 mA during the initial process of enumeration. Manufacturers of high speed USB devices are finding it difficult to manufacture such a device that runs at less than 100 mA during the initial enumeration process. The consequence is that many manufacturers are having problems getting USB certification for their products or are producing products that are draining excess battery power from laptop computers or other wireless host devices in violation of the USB specification 2.0.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to have a method or device for enumerating a high speed USB device while meeting the USB specification for drawing no more than 100 mA from the USB bus during the initial enumeration process.
According to embodiments of the present invention, USB enumeration architecture is provided herein that is compatible with the power specifications for a USB while able to enumerate high speed USB devices needing power in excess of the USB specifications.
In various embodiments, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) device enumeration architecture is described herein comprising a USB bus for supplying a current during the USB device enumeration, a current mixer coupled to the bus, and a chargeable power source coupled to the USB bus. The USB bus is configured to charge the chargeable power source during a first time interval. Then, the chargeable power source is configured to discharge a current during a second time interval, the discharged current being mixed with the current from the USB bus for enumerating a USB device. In this fashion, the present invention allows the USB device to consume more power than the USB specification calls for during enumeration with the excess coming from the chargeable source. In this embodiment, the second time interval corresponds to the enumeration phase.
In one embodiment, a USB device architecture is described that further comprises a current regulator coupled to the USB bus for regulating current supplied to the USB device from a host device. A state machine implemented control circuit may also be used.
A USB device architecture is described, according to one embodiment, including control logic for switching from charging to discharging the chargeable power source following the first time interval. In one embodiment, a USB device architecture is described wherein the control logic comprises a timer for determining the first time interval. A USB device architecture is described, in accordance with one embodiment, further comprising a resistor for connecting the chargeable power source to the current mixer and the architecture to the USB device.
In one embodiment a method for enumerating a USB device is also described wherein a chargeable power source is provided and coupled to a USB bus. The power source is charged during a first time interval with current from the USB bus and the power source is discharged during a second time interval. The resultant discharge current augments the current from the USB bus, thus providing sufficient current for enumerating a high speed USB device.
The present embodiments provide the above advantages and others not specifically mentioned above but described in the sections to follow. Other features and advantages of the embodiments will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of example the principles of the embodiments.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention:
In the following detailed description of the embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be recognized by one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some specific details or with equivalents thereof. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
In accordance with the embodiments, a USB device enumeration architecture is designed using a chargeable power source for augmenting USB bus current for enumerating a USB device. The USB device enumeration architecture includes a chargeable power source that may be charged from the USB bus current during a first time interval and, subsequently, discharged to augment the USB bus current during a second time interval while the USB device is being enumerated. This allows high speed USB devices to be enumerated without exceeding the design specifications for USB busses that specify the current draw from the USB bus during enumeration remain at or below a low limit (e.g., 100 mA).
Block 115 of diagram 100a represents a first time interval, t1, during which a chargeable power source, such as a capacitor or a battery, is charging from current supplied by a v-bus within the USB bus in accordance with an aspect of the embodiments. Time, t1, may vary depending on design parameters, but might be expected to be of a duration of approximately 100 milliseconds (ms). During time t1, the USB device is not logically attached to the USB bus. According to one embodiment, the charge built up at the chargeable power source may be determined at the end of a predetermined time period (e.g., 100 ms) and if not sufficient for the device to be enumerated, an extension period to time t1 (e.g., 100 ms) may be granted. This may be repeated. The chargeable power source may then continue to charge until a sufficient charge is accumulated for enumerating the device.
Still referring to
Block 125 of
Still referring to
Still referring to
Current regulator 215 of
Still referring to
Control logic and attach timer 225 of
In summary, during time interval t2 enumeration is occurring and the USB device may draw more power than 100 mA with the excess deriving from the chargeable power supply 220 and the 100 mA deriving from the USB bus 210.
At the end of time interval t2, when the host device has granted permission to USB device 250 to come aboard, control logic and attach timer 225 signals current regulator 215 to allow the v-bus of USB bus 210 to output up to the maximum high limit (e.g., 500 mA) current. At this time, in accordance with one embodiment, the USB device enumeration architecture has completed its task. At this time, signal 217 goes high, allowing 500 mA to be regulated by regulator 215.
The current regulator 215, current mixer 245, switches 235 and 240, chargeable power source 220 and control logic and attach timer 225 can be integrated within USB device 250 or they may be integrated within a separate power maintenance device or chip for connecting to the USB device. Control logic 225 may be implemented by a state machine.
At step 310 of
At step 320 of
At step 350, according to one embodiment, the host device has completed the initial enumeration process and allocates the USB device permission for the higher USB current limit so that it may be fully attached. At this point the chargeable power source and the USB enumeration architecture are no longer needed and the process exits flow diagram 300.
The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.
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