A communications network includes packet-based networks that are coupled to various network elements. A method and apparatus is provided to implement telephony services in the communications network. The architecture for providing the telephony services may include several layers, including a network elements layer, an interface layer, and a services/application layer. The services/application layer is decoupled from the specific implementations of the network element layer so that a more flexible and convenient mechanism is provided to create telephony services. The telephony services may be implemented in software modules written in one of several possible languages, such as a telephony scripting language (TSL) or other language. The interface layer includes various components, including translation components to interpret and execute the modules that are in the services/application layer, communications components to provide mechanisms to send commands to network elements layer to perform the specified telephony services, and representation components that describe the functions, tasks, and other details associated with network elements.
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1. A method for use in a communications network having network elements for performing telephony services, comprising:
providing an interface to the network elements, the interface including representations of the network elements;
receiving requests, by the interface, from a software module specifying performance of telephony services;
sending, in response to requests of the module, commands over a packet-based network to one or more network elements involved in performing the telephony services; and
accessing the representations of the network elements to generate the commands.
15. An apparatus for providing telephony services in a communications network having network elements comprising:
a software module containing instructions specifying performance of telephony services in the communications network; and
an interface layer comprising representations of the network elements, the interface layer responsive to execution of the software module to generate commands based on the representations of the network elements, and to provide the commands over a packet-based network to corresponding network elements to perform the telephony services specified by the software module.
32. An article including one or more machine-readable storage media containing instructions for providing telephony services in a communications network, the instructions when executed causing a controller to:
receive requests from a telephony service software module specifying plural telephony tasks;
in response to the requests, access representations of the network elements to produce commands, the representations of the network elements contained in an interface layer; and
send the commands, from the interface layer, over a packet-based network to one or more of the network elements in the communications network in response to the requests to perform the specified telephony tasks.
30. A system for use in a telephony network having network elements capable of performing various telephony services, comprising:
means for storing representations of telephony services;
interface means for communicating with the network elements, wherein the interface means further includes representations of the network elements; and
means for executing the storing means to specify performance of a telephony service, the interface means generating, in response to execution of the storing means, commands by accessing the representations of the network elements, and sending the commands over a packet-based network to the one or more network elements involved in performing the telephony service.
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translating a script, using a script engine in the interface, into the software module, wherein the script represents the telephony services to be performed.
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This is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/588,929, filed Jun. 7, 2000 now abandoned, which claims the benefit, pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e), of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/168,846, entitled, “Providing Telephony Services in a Communications Network,” filed on Dec. 3, 1999. U.S. Ser. No. 09/588,929 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/436,562, entitled “Providing Communications Services,” filed on Nov. 9, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,701,366. Each of the referenced applications is hereby incorporated by reference.
The invention relates to providing telephony services in communications networks.
Data networks are widely used to link various types of nodes, such as personal computers, servers, gateways, network telephones, and so forth. Networks may include private networks, such as local area networks and wide area networks, and public networks, such as the Internet. The increased availability of such data networks has improved accessibility among nodes coupled to the data networks. Popular forms of communications across such data networks include electronic mail, file transfer, web browsing, and other exchanges of digital data.
With the increased capacity and reliability of data networks, voice and multimedia communications over data networks have become possible. Such forms of communications include telephone calls over the data networks, video conferencing, and distribution of multimedia data (such as by multicast).
Various standards have been proposed for voice and multimedia communications over data networks. For example, a multimedia data and control architecture has been developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The protocols that are part of the IETF multimedia data and control architecture include a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for establishing call sessions; a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) for reserving network resources; a Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) for transporting real-time data and providing quality of service (QoS) feedback; a Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) for controlling delivery of streaming media; a Session Announcement Protocol (SAP) for advertising multimedia sessions by multicast; and a Session Description Protocol (SDP) for describing multimedia sessions.
In a communications system that provides for voice or other streaming communications, various types of telephony or call services may need to be defined to process and respond to call requests. A communications network may include various elements, such as a voice mail system, an integrated voice response (IVR) system, media gateways, and so forth, that may be involved in a given call session. Creation of applications to handle various services that may be part of a call session needs to account for interactions among the network elements.
A need thus exists for a convenient and efficient method and apparatus to provide for telephony services in a communications network.
In general, according to one embodiment, a method for use in a communications network having network elements for performing telephony services includes providing an interface to the network elements. The interface receives requests from a software module containing elements representative of telephony services to be performed. Commands are sent to one or more network elements involved in performing the desired telephony services.
Some embodiments of the invention may have one or more of the following advantages. A more efficient and convenient method and apparatus of creating or generating telephony services in a communications network is provided. A technique is provided to abstract implementation details of components (in the form of network elements, for example) performing various telephony services from software routines, modules, or scripts created by users to provide for telephony services. Such abstraction allows for a much more efficient mechanism for creating technique services.
Other features and advantages will become apparent from the following description, from the drawings, and from the claims.
In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of the present invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these details and that numerous variations or modifications from the described embodiments may be possible.
Referring to
The communications system 10 may include a private network 21 that is located in community 20 and a public network 12 (e.g., the Internet). A “community” may refer to any predetermined group of elements or users that are connected through a network. A “private network” refers to a network that is protected against unauthorized general public access. A “network” may refer to one or more communications networks, links, channels, or paths, as well as routers or gateways used to pass data between elements through such networks, links, channels, or paths. Although reference is made to “private” and “public” networks in this description, further embodiments may include networks without such designations. For example, a community may refer to nodes or elements coupled through a public network or a combination of private and public networks.
In one embodiment, the protocol used in the various networks may be the Internet Protocol (IP), as described in Request for Comments (RFC) 791, entitled “Internet Protocol,” dated September 1981. Other versions of IP, such as IPv6, or other packet-based standards may also be utilized in further embodiments. A version of IPv6 is described in RFC 2460, entitled “Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification,” dated December 1998. Packet-based networks such as IP networks communicate with packets, datagrams, or other units of data that are sent over the networks. Unlike circuit-switched networks, which provide a dedicated end-to-end connection or physical path for the duration of a call session, a packet-based network is one in which the same path may be shared by several network elements.
A packet-based network may be a packet-switched network, such as an IP network, which is based on a connectionless internetwork layer. Packets or other units of data injected into a packet-switched data network may travel independently over any network (and possibly over different networks) to a destination terminal. The packets may even arrive out of order. Routing of the packets is based on one or more addresses carried in each packet. Other types of packet-based networks include connection-oriented networks, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks or Frame Relay, which are based on a virtual circuit model.
The community 20 may include nodes or elements that allow users to participate in audio (e.g., voice) and multimedia (e.g., audio and video) communications sessions. Examples of such communications sessions include telephone calls, video conferencing, and other sessions in which streaming data is exchanged. In this description, such communications sessions are referred to as telephony or call sessions. Various telephony or call services may be performed in a telephony session. For example, an announcement may be played, a message may be recorded, a tone may be played, detection for a dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signal may be performed, a call can be forwarded from one terminal to another terminal, a recorded voice message may be retrieved, and so forth. A “telephony service” may be defined as any action or service associated with a telephony or call session.
A “telephony session” or “call session” refers generally to either an audio (e.g., voice), a multimedia session, or any other type of session in which streaming data is exchanged between two or more network elements or terminals coupled to a data network. An “interactive” telephony or call session refers to a telephony or call session in which two or more parties are involved in an exchange of audio and/or video data in an established session between two or more network elements. A “real-time” interactive telephony or call session refers to an exchange of data on a substantially real-time basis between two terminals. A session is substantially real-time if interaction is occurring between two end points or parties, with a communication from one end point followed relatively quickly by a response or another communication from the other end point, typically within seconds, for example.
Interactive call sessions are contrasted with electronic mail messaging, for example, in which a first participant sends a message over a data network to a second participant, with no acknowledgment indication usually provided back to the first participant that the second participant has received or that the second participant is even at his or her terminal. In contrast, an interactive session involves a request followed by some acknowledgment that a called party has answered the call request to enable the interactive session to be established in which participants exchange data (e.g., voice, video, and/or text). The terms “telephony session” and “call session” are used interchangeably herein.
In accordance with some embodiments, an architecture or framework for the creation of telephony services and applications for telephony sessions over packet-based networks, such as an IP network, includes a lower layer including network elements for performing telephony services, an upper layer including software modules in which telephony services are represented, and an interface layer (or middleware layer) between the upper and lower layers. The interface layer may be used to abstract the functionality of the network elements that are part of the communications system 10. This allows a convenient technique for creating software modules to provide telephony services since a software developer can create code or scripts to provide for telephony services without having to worry about the implementation details (location of device, programming language, etc.) of devices that are actually performing a requested service. In the architecture or framework according to some embodiments, a common interface layer is provided between multiple services in the upper layer (software modules) and multiple network elements in a lower layer.
The presence of the upper layer to provide for telephony services extends features available in network elements beyond simple call services to include call forwarding, conferencing, transfer, and other telephony services users may desire. Each software module includes elements that are representative of various telephony services to be performed. Such elements may be sub-routines, methods, objects, or any other element that may be user-created. For example, the software module may be generally represented as state diagrams with customizable flow paths and properties. Each state may be associated with a telephony action or service, and a trigger causing a transition between states may be a user input or status of a current telephony session.
Examples of communications devices that are capable of participating in telephony sessions over the network 21 include conventional telephones 34 and fax machines 35 that are coupled to a media gateway 32. The media gateway 32 connects non-network terminals, such as the telephones 34 and fax machine 35, to the network 21. The media gateway 32 may work in conjunction with a media gateway controller 28 to route data between the network 21 and the terminals coupled to the media gateway 32. Although shown as separate components, the media gateway 32 and media gateway controller 28 may be implemented in the same platform. The media gateway controller 28 controls individual tasks and resources of the media gateway 32. In addition, the media gateway controller 28 controls communications to the terminals coupled to the media gateway 32.
The community 20 may also include network telephones 33, which are telephones with network interface units to enable communications over the network 21. Other communications devices include computers 26 that have voice and/or image processing capabilities. A user on one of the communications devices may call a user on another communications device, with voice and/or video data carried through the network 21. The network 21 may be connected to elements outside the community 20 through a gateway system 30.
A call server 24 may also be coupled to the network 21 to manage the establishment, management, and termination of communications sessions between terminals coupled to the network 21. The call server 24 may be coupled to a database system 22 (which may be located on a separate platform or on the same platform as the call server 24) that includes a subscriber directory and a network directory. Also, policy for incoming and outgoing calls may be managed by the call server 24.
The subscriber directory in the database system 22 stores static and dynamic information about users in the community 20. The call server 24 accesses the subscriber directory to locate and route calls to users. The current location of a user may be changed by registering from a different location. The network directory in the database system 22 holds static and dynamic information about network elements and preferences. The network directory allows the call server 24 to determine the most appropriate network resource or resources to use in its operations.
Other network elements that may be coupled to the network 21 include a web server 36 to provide web pages accessible by users inside and outside of the community 20. Another system in the community 20 may be a voice storage server 23 in which voice data, such as those associated with voice mail, may be stored.
Calls originating from one terminal to another terminal are handled by the call server 24. The call server receives a call, and based on the identifying information in the call (including information identifying the source and destination points), the call server 24 routes the call accordingly. In other cases, a peer-to-peer session may be established between two terminals without going through the call server 24.
The call server 24 may be separated into several components, including a SIP proxy, a service platform, a telephony server, and other elements. The service platform can monitor the network to determine if a telephony service needs to be launched. If so, the service platform can call the script engine to launch the telephony service. The telephony server may be a main program that launches PBX functions as needed.
In one embodiment, the call server 24 and some of the other network elements may perform establishment, management, and termination of telephony sessions in accordance with the multimedia data and control architecture from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The IETF multimedia data and control architecture includes a suite of protocols, including the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), as described in RFC 2543, entitled “SIP: Session Initiation Protocol,” dated March 1999. SIP may be used to initiate communications sessions as well as to invite members to sessions that may have been advertised by some other mechanism, such as electronic mail, news groups, web pages, and others. SIP allows for the determination of the end system to be used for the telephony session. SIP also allows for a determination of the media and media parameters to be used as well as the determination of the willingness of the called party to engage in telephony communications.
Various entities may be defined by SIP. A client according to SIP is an application program that sends SIP requests, such as to perform call requests. A server according to SIP may be an application program that accepts SIP requests to service calls and to send back responses to SIP requests. A SIP proxy or proxy server may be an intermediary program that acts as both a server and a client for making requests on behalf of other clients.
The IETF multimedia and control architecture also includes the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), as described in RFC 2205, for reserving network resources; the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP), as described in RFC 1889, for transporting real-time data and providing quality of service (QoS) feedback; the Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), as described in RFC 2326, for controlling delivery of streaming media; the Session Announcement Protocol (SAP) for advertising multimedia sessions by multicast; and the Session Description Protocol (SDP), as described in RFC 2327, for describing multimedia sessions.
The protocols described are merely examples of protocols that may be used for communications sessions between network elements. In further embodiments, other types of protocols may be used, such as protocols for communications sessions other than voice or multimedia communications sessions. Another protocol includes the H.323 Recommendation from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). In this description, a communications system implementing SIP and other related protocols is an example of an environment is which modules in accordance with some embodiments may be used to implement telephony services. However, it is contemplated that in further embodiments, modules may be used to create telephony services that work with other protocols or standards.
The public network 12 may be coupled to various elements, including a terminal 14, which may be a network telephone or a computer having voice and/or image processing capabilities. The network 12 may also be coupled through a media gateway controller 16 to a public switched telephone network (PSTN) gateway 18 that provides the interface between a PSTN 40 and a packet-based data network such as the network 12. The PSTN 40 is connected to wireline telephones 42 as well as to mobile telephones and other mobile unit through wireless networks.
Referring to
The interface layer 102 includes various components, including translation components 110 to translate, interpret, or compile scripts or code; communications components 112 to enable communications to network elements; and representation components that provide representations or descriptions of the network elements so that the functionality of the network elements may be abstracted at higher levels. The interface layer 102 may be implemented in one or more elements in the network. For example, many of the components may be implemented in a SIP proxy server (such as one implemented in the call server 24).
The translation components 110 may include a script engine (to interpret and execute scripts) and/or compilers or other translators or interpreters. The representation components 114 may include library files that describe the functions, tasks, and other details associated with network elements.
The communications components 112 may include network APIs (application programming interfaces) and procedures to allow mechanisms for network elements to call other network elements, such as the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), as described in an Internet Draft entitled “SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol,” dated September 1999. The communications components 112 may also include a Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) component that allows applications to communicate with one another no matter where they are located or who has designed them. CORBA is described in the CORBA/IIOP 2.3.1 Specification, dated Oct. 7, 1999. The communications components 112 may also include Component Object Model (COM) objects.
The services and applications layer 100 may include various software modules that contain elements (in the form of code or scripts) that represent or specify telephony services to be performed. Telephony services may include voice telephony, voice services (e.g., forwarding, etc.), voice mail (recording part), unified mailbox (voice, fax, e-mail playback), call center, integrated voice response (audio-attendant), e-commerce (web and telephony-based), conferencing, and groupware (collaborative applications), as examples.
Referring to
The script modules 204, residing in one or more storage media accessible by the service scripting engine 200, may be created by a script generating wizard 206 and/or a user interface (UI) 208. In one embodiment, a telephony scripting language (TSL) may be used to generate the script modules. For services that are not implementable by scripts according to TSL, other modules 220 written in a more advanced programming language may be used to implement those services. Such programming languages may include C++, Java, and others.
In accordance with one embodiment, TSL may be a text-based language according to an Extensible Markup Language (XML™), with one version described in “Extensible Markup Language (XML™) 1.0,” Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation, dated February 1998. XML™ allows one to define a customized markup language for many classes of documents. XML™ may be used to encode may different types of information, including the script modules as described herein for creating telephony services in accordance with some embodiments.
Each script module may be represented as a state machine including a number of states and triggers that control transitions between different states. In each state or in transitions between states, certain actions corresponding to telephony services may be specified. Triggers are basically test conditions that cause the state machine making up a TSL script module to transition from one state to another. Actions are the tasks that are to be performed, which may be telephony tasks.
As examples, triggers may include the following: a call identifier (to identify the calling party or terminal); a called identifier (to identify the party or terminal being called); a time indicator (to indicate the time of the call); a call progress state indicator (to indicate whether a call is busy, the number of rings that have transpired, whether there is no answer, and so forth); an indicator of detection of DTMF signals; information stored in a remote telephony cookie; an indicator of a database test; an indicator of detection of voice data; and other triggers. Telephony cookies are used to store information about telephony sessions between terminals.
Referring to
The script may then be interpreted or translated (at 306) to objects, such as Java objects or C++ objects, or other elements such as XML, Tcl, or Perl elements in the interface layer 102. Scripts may be interpreted by a script engine 200 to various objects or elements. A direct translation may also be performed (at 307) from the graphically represented module to one or more objects. Upon execution of the objects or elements in the interface layer 102, instructions, commands, messages, requests, and so forth (generally referred to as “commands”) may be generated by the interface 102 and sent to appropriate network elements (at 308) to perform desired telephony services. The commands are generated based on the representations of the network elements by the representation component 114 in the interface layer 102. The commands may be in the form of SIP messages, MEGACO instructions, or other commands. MEGACO is described in IETF Internet Draft entitled “Megaco Protocol,” dated in April 2000, and is also referred to as the H.248 protocol promulgated by the ITU.
The SIP messages or MEGACO instructions may be passed through servers 312, such as a media gateway, media gateway controller, proxy server, or redirect server to the other network elements.
Referring to
As shown in
The module transitions to state 402 upon receiving an extension as user input. State 402, which has an ID of “waitForPasscode,” is the state in which the system prompts for and waits for a pass code. The MediaBefore property includes the string “Enter or say your three-digit pass code”. The ActionAfter property includes an Authenticate( ) method that is used to authenticate the entered password. If not authenticated, the state machine returns to state 400. If authenticated, the state machine proceeds to state 404, which has an ID of “waitForRead.” The ActionBefore property includes the NumMessage( ) method, which determines the number of messages stored at the extension. The MediaBefore property includes the string “You have one new message. Enter or say 1 to listen.” The ActionAfter property includes a Choose( ) method that chooses the message to listen based on the user input. The DigitMap property includes a string “12” to accept either a 1 or 2 as the DTMF digit or word.
If either a 1 or 2 is received, the state machine transitions to state 406, which has an “waitForRead”. The ActionBefore property includes the GetMedia( ) method, which accesses the storage media used to store the message. The MediaBefore string may include “Hello, this is Joe”. The ActionAfter property includes the Choose( ) method, and the DigitMap property includes “*”, which represents acceptance of a “*” as a DTMF digit.
If “*” is received, the state machine transitions to the next state 408, which has ID “waitForSaveDelete”. The MediaBefore property includes the string “Enter 1 to save, 2 to delete, # to listen to the next one.” The ActionAfter property includes the Choose( ) method, and the DigitMap includes the string “#”. If “#” is received, then the state machine transitions back to state 406 to choose the next message. If “1” is received, then the message is saved in state 410. If “2” is received, then the message is deleted in state 412.
State 410 has the ID “waitForSave”. The ActionBefore property includes the Save( ) method to save the message. The MediaAfter property includes the string “Message saved. Press # for next message.” The ActionAfter property includes the Choose( ) method, and the DigitMap property includes the “#” value. If “#” is received in state 410, the state machine proceeds to a state to retrieve the next message.
State 412 has the “waitForDelete” string, and the ActionBefore property includes a Delete( ) method to delete the message. The MediaAfter property includes the message string “Message deleted. Press # for next message”, and the ActionAfter property includes Choose( ). The DigitMap property includes the “#” value, which the state machine waits for to proceed further to process the next message.
The module as illustrated in
Referring to
To provide the interface between the client objects 504 and the network elements, an object request broker (ORB) 506 and the other CORBA components are implemented in the system. The ORB 506 is a middleware that establishes the client-server relationships between the client applications (JAVA objects 502) and server objects (network elements). Using the ORB 506, each client object 502 can transparently invoke a method on a server object, which can be on the same machine or across a network. The ORB 506 intercepts a method call from a client object 504, finds the appropriate server object, passes appropriate parameters, invokes the method on the server object, and returns results to the client object. THE ORB 506 accesses an interface repository 512 to perform requests.
A dynamic invocation interface (DII) 508 enables a client object 502 to directly access the underlying request mechanisms provided by the ORB 506. Client objects 504 have access to CORBA services 514 and CORBA applications 516 through the DII 508. One or more databases 518 are accessible by the interface repository 512, CORBA services 514, and CORBA applications 516. The elements 512, 514, and 516 may be resident on one or more network servers.
The telephony services implemented by the client objects 504 and CORBA components may be accessible to a device station 520 through various protocols, such as SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), RTP (Real-Time Protocol), or HTML (Hypertext Markup Language).
Referring to
Another method called by the client object 504 is a getInput method to request user input. Any input entered by user (which is assumed to be a keypad entry) is processed by the DTMF decoder 608, with the tone corresponding to the received digit played back by an RTP record element 610. Further processing may be performed based on the received user input, such as the IVR system transitioning to another menu for further user input or forwarding of the call to an extension.
Thus, a method and apparatus has been described that allows for more convenient and efficient creation of telephony services. An interface layer including translation components, communications components, and representation components is used to cooperate with user-created modules (e.g., scripts or other forms of representations) to perform telephony services. Upon execution of the modules, commands are created and communicated to network elements to perform the telephony services. To facilitate creation of telephony services, representations of network elements may be stored in the interface layer, with such representations accessed to generate appropriate commands to network elements to perform telephony services.
The various software modules, routines, or other layers (represented generally as 708 in
The instructions of the software routines or modules may be loaded or transported into the node or element in one of many different ways. For example, code segments including instructions stored on floppy discs, CD or DVD media, a hard disk, or transported through a network interface card, modem, or other interface device may be loaded into the system and executed as corresponding software routines or modules. In the loading or transport process, data signals that are embodied as carrier waves (transmitted over telephone lines, network lines, wireless links, cables, and the like) may communicate the code segments, including instructions, to the network node or element. Such carrier waves may be in the form of electrical, optical, acoustical, electromagnetic, or other types of signals.
As shown in
While the invention has been disclosed with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Chu, Jinchi, Kallas, Michel, Dolinar, Larry
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