A class d amplifier comprising a ramp generator that generates a first reference signal and a second reference signal. A signal generator generates first, second, third and fourth pulses by comparing the first and second reference signals to an input signal. The signal generator transitions from a first state to a second state of a first signal after one of the first and second pulses occurs, transitions from a first state to a second state of a second signal after one of the third and fourth pulses occurs, and transitions from the second state to the first state of one of the first and second signals when the other of the first and second signals transitions to the second state.

PTO Wrapper PDF
Dossier Espace Google
Patent
   7468631
Priority
Nov 06 2003
Filed
Nov 16 2007
Issued
Dec 23 2008
Expiry
Nov 06 2023
Inventors
Sutardja, …
Assg.orig
Marvell Wo…
Assg.curr
MARVELL IN…
CAVIUM INT…
MARVELL AS…
Entity
Large
Referenced by
3
References
26
Maint.:
all paid
CROSS-REFERENCE TO R…
FIELD OF THE INVENTI…
BACKGROUND OF THE IN…
SUMMARY OF THE INVEN…
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF…
DETAILED DESCRIPTION…
17. A method comprising:
generating a first reference signal and a second reference signal;
generating first, second, third and fourth pulses by comparing said first and second reference signals to an input signal; and
transitioning from a first state to a second state of a first signal after one of said first and second pulses occurs, from a first state to a second state of a second signal after one of said third and fourth pulses occurs, and from said second state to said first state of one of said first and second signals when the other of said first and second signals transitions to said second state.
1. A class d amplifier comprising:
a ramp generator that generates a first reference signal and a second reference signal; and
a signal generator that generates first, second, third and fourth pulses by comparing said first and second reference signals to an input signal,
wherein said signal generator transitions from a first state to a second state of a first signal after one of said first and second pulses occurs, transitions from a first state to a second state of a second signal after one of said third and fourth pulses occurs, and transitions from said second state to said first state of one of said first and second signals when the other of said first and second signals transitions to said second state.
2. The class d amplifier of claim 1 wherein said signal generator comprises an edge detector.
3. The class d amplifier of claim 1 wherein said signal generator comprises a phase detector.
4. The class d amplifier of claim 2 wherein said edge detector comprises:
a first comparator that compares said first reference signal to said input signal; and
a second comparator that compares said second reference signal to said input signal.
5. The class d amplifier of claim 4 wherein said edge detector generates said first and second pulses when rising edges occur in outputs of said first and second comparators, respectively, and generates said third and fourth pulses when falling edges occur in said outputs of said first and second comparators.
6. The class d amplifier of claim 5 wherein said edge detector comprises:
a first one shot that receives an output of said first comparator and that generates said first pulse when a rising edge occurs;
a second one shot that receives an output of said first comparator and that generates said second pulse when a falling edge occurs;
a third one shot that receives an output of said second comparator and that generates said first pulse when a rising edge occurs; and
a fourth one shot that receives an output of said second comparator and that generates said second pulse when a falling edge occurs.
7. The class d amplifier of claim 1 wherein a frequency of said first reference signal is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than a frequency of said input signal.
8. The class d amplifier of claim 1 wherein a positive slope of said first reference signal is approximately equal to a negative slope of said first reference signal and wherein a positive slope of said second reference signal is approximately equal to a negative slope of said second reference signal.
9. The class d amplifier of claim 1 further comprising an output stage that receives said first and second signals from said signal generator.
10. The class d amplifier of claim 9 wherein said output stage generates output current based on said first and second signals.
11. The class d amplifier of claim 1 further comprising an output stage including first and second switches that are controlled based on said first and second signals, respectively.
12. The class d amplifier of claim 9 wherein said output stage includes a balanced H-bridge.
13. A system comprising said class d amplifier of claim 10 and further comprising a load that receives said output current.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein said load comprises an audio speaker.
15. The system of claim 13 wherein said class d amplifier further comprises a low pass filter that is arranged between said output stage and said load.
16. The class d amplifier of claim 1 wherein said signal generator generates said first and second pulses after said first and second reference signals, respectively, exceed said input signal and generates said third and fourth pulses after said first and second reference signals, respectively, fall below said input signal.
18. The method of claim 17 further comprising setting a frequency of said first reference signal approximately two orders of magnitude higher than a frequency of said input signal.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein a positive slope of said first reference signal is approximately equal to a negative slope of said first reference signal and wherein a positive slope of said second reference signal is approximately equal to a negative slope of said second reference signal.
20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
providing an output stage that receives said first and second signals from said signal generator; and
generating output current based on said first and second signals.
21. The method of claim 17 further comprising controlling output switches of an output stage based on said first and second signals.
22. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
generating said first and second pulses after said first and second reference signals, respectively, exceed said input signal; and
generating said third and fourth pulses after said first and second reference signals, respectively, fall below said input signal.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/702,728, filed Feb. 6, 2007, which application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/170,440 filed on Jun. 28, 2005, which application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/703,135, filed Nov. 6, 2003. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to Class D amplifiers, and more particularly to an improved Class D amplifier.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Amplifiers are typically used to amplify signals that are output to audio speakers, such as headphones, loudspeakers and/or other audio devices. In wired or non-portable applications, linear amplifiers such as Class A, Class B, and Class AB amplifiers have typically been used. Linear amplifiers include a linear output stage that draws a relatively high bias current while sourcing and sinking current into a load. Therefore, these linear amplifiers consume a relatively high, amount of power. Because consumers buying portable audio equipment want to have longer battery life, linear amplifiers are not suitable for use in portable audio applications.

Class D amplifiers have a nonlinear output stage that does not require the high bias current that is used in the linear amplifiers. The increase in efficiency of the output stage, however, is gained at the cost of increased noise and/or distortion. The tradeoff between power consumption and distortion and/or noise has generally been found to be acceptable in portable audio equipment applications.

Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, an exemplary Class D amplifier 10 is shown to include a sawtooth waveform generator 14. As can be seen in FIG. 2, a sawtooth signal Vsaw includes a positive sloped portion that increases from a minimum value to a maximum value followed by a return to the minimum value with an almost-infinite negative slope. The sawtooth signal Vsaw is input to an inverting input of a comparator 18. An input signal VIN such as an audio signal is input to a non-inverting input of the comparator 18.

An output of the comparator 18 is input to first and second transistors 20 and 22 that are operated as switches. In this example, the first transistor 20 is a PMOS transistor and the second transistor 22 is an NMOS transistor. The output of the comparator 18 is also inverted by an inverter 24 and input to third and fourth transistors 26 and 28 that are also operated as switches. In this example, the third transistor 26 is a PMOS transistor and the fourth transistor 28 is an NMOS transistor.

Referring now to FIG. 2, the sawtooth signal Vsaw is compared to the input signal VIN. When the input signal VIN is greater than the sawtooth signal Vsaw, the output is high. When the input signal VIN is less than the sawtooth signal Vsaw, the output is low. Alternately, when the input signal VIN is greater than the sawtooth signal Vsaw, the output is low. When the input signal VIN is less than the sawtooth signal Vsaw, the output is high. The transistors 20, 22, 26 and 28 are switched on and off to drive current through a load 40 as depicted in FIG. 1.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A Class D amplifier according to the present invention receives an input signal and comprises a signal generator that generates first and second periodic signals. Each period of the first periodic signal comprises first and second intervals, and each period of the second periodic signal comprises third and fourth intervals. The first periodic signal is monotonically increasing during the first interval and is monotonically decreasing during the second interval, the second periodic signal is monotonically decreasing during the third interval and is monotonically increasing during the fourth interval. The first and third intervals are substantially aligned in time, and the second and fourth intervals are substantially aligned in time. The Class D amplifier further comprises a crossing detector that generates a first transition signal when a voltage of the first periodic signal transitions in a first direction across a voltage of the input signal and when a voltage of the second periodic signal transitions in the first direction across a voltage of the input signal.

In other features, the first and second periodic signals are characterized by substantially equal periods and substantially equal peak-to-peak amplitudes. The second periodic signal is substantially equal to the first periodic signal phase-shifted by 180 degrees. The second periodic signal is substantially equal to the first periodic signal mirrored across a horizontal constant voltage line. A frequency of the first periodic signal is at least approximately two orders of magnitude higher than a frequency of the input signal. A frequency of the first periodic signal is at least approximately two orders of magnitude higher than a maximum frequency of the input signal.

In still other features, derivatives of the first periodic signal during the first and second intervals are approximately equal in magnitude, and derivatives of the second periodic signal during the third and fourth intervals are approximately equal in magnitude. The crossing detector generates a second transition signal when a voltage of the first periodic signal transitions in a second direction across a voltage of the input signal and when a voltage of the second periodic signal transitions in the second direction across a voltage of the input signal, wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction.

In other features, the first direction is a positive transition from lower than the input signal to higher than the input signal, and the second direction is a negative transition from higher than the input signal to lower than the input signal. The first direction is a negative transition from higher than the input signal to lower than the input signal, and the second direction is a positive transition from lower than the input signal to higher than the input signal. The crossing detector comprises an edge detector. The edge detector comprises first and second comparators that compare the input signal to the first and second periodic signals, respectively.

In still other features, the edge detector generates a first pulse when a rising edge occurs in at least one of first and second comparator outputs, and generates a second pulse when a falling edge occurs in at least one of the first and second comparator outputs. The edge detector comprises a first one shot that receives an output of the first comparator and that generates the first pulse when a rising edge occurs, a second one shot that receives an output of the first comparator and that generates the second pulse when a falling edge occurs, a third one shot that receives an output of the second comparator and that generates the first pulse when a rising edge occurs, and a fourth one shot that receives an output of the second comparator and that generates the second pulse when a falling edge occurs.

In other features, the first transition signal includes the first pulse and the second transition signal includes the second pulse. The Class D amplifier further comprises a phase detector that asserts an up signal when the first transition signal is received, asserts a down signal when the second transition signal is received, and de-asserts both of the up and down signals after a predetermined period. The phase detector de-asserts both of the up and down signals after both of the up and down signals have been asserted for a predetermined period. The phase detector delays the down signal before asserting the down signal.

The Class D amplifier further comprises an output stage that receives the up and down signals from the phase detector and that selectively drives output current based on the up and down signals. In still other features, the output stage drives output current in a first current direction when the up signal is asserted, and drives output current in a direction opposite to the first current direction when the down signal is asserted. The Class D amplifier further comprises an output stage that selectively drives output current based upon first and second current signals.

In other features, the first and second current signals are derived from the first and second transition signals. The first and second current signals are asserted when the first and second transition signals, respectively, are asserted, and the first and second current signals are both de-asserted when the first and second current signals have been asserted simultaneously for a predetermined period. The second current signal is delayed by a predetermined time. The output stage includes a single-ended drive stage. The output stage includes first and second single-ended drive stages, the first single-ended drive stage drives output current when the first current signal is asserted, and the second single-ended drive stage drives output current when the second current signal is asserted.

In still other features, the output stage connects an output terminal to a first reference potential when the first current signal is asserted and connects the output terminal to a second potential when the second current signal is asserted, and wherein the first reference potential is greater than the second reference potential. The output stage connects the output terminal to a third reference potential when the first and second current signals are both de-asserted, wherein the third reference potential is less than the first reference potential and greater than the second reference potential. The output stage includes a balanced H-bridge.

In other features, the output stage connects a first output terminal to a first reference potential and a second output terminal to a second reference potential when the first current signal is asserted, and connects the first output terminal to the second reference potential and the second output terminal to the first reference terminal when the second current signal is asserted, and wherein the first reference potential is greater than the second reference potential. The output stage connects the first and second output terminals together when the first and second current signals are both de-asserted.

A system comprises the Class D amplifier and further comprises a load that receives the output current. In other features, the load comprises an audio speaker. A low pass filter is arranged between the output stage and the load.

A method for operating a Class D amplifier that receives an input signal comprises generating first and second periodic signals wherein each period of the first periodic signal comprises first and second intervals, and each period of the second periodic signal comprises third and fourth intervals. The first periodic signal is monotonically increasing during the first interval and is monotonically decreasing during the second interval, the second periodic signal is monotonically decreasing during the third interval and is monotonically increasing during the fourth interval. The first and third periods are substantially aligned in time, and the second and fourth periods are substantially aligned in time. The method includes generating a first transition signal when a voltage of the first periodic signal transitions in a first direction across a voltage of the input signal and when a voltage of the second periodic signal transitions in the first direction across a voltage of the input signal.

In other features, the first and second periodic signals are characterized by substantially equal periods and substantially equal peak-to-peak amplitudes. A frequency of the first periodic signal is at least approximately two orders of magnitude higher than a frequency of the input signal. Derivatives of the first periodic signal during the first and second intervals are approximately equal in magnitude, and wherein derivatives of the second periodic signal during the third and fourth intervals are approximately equal in magnitude.

In still other features, the method further comprises generating a second transition signal when a voltage of the first periodic signal transitions in a second direction across a voltage of the input signal and when a voltage of the second periodic signal transitions in the second direction across a voltage of the input signal, wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction. The method further comprises asserting an up signal when the first transition signal is received, asserting a down signal when the second transition signal is received, and de-asserting both of the up and down signals after a predetermined period.

In other features, the method further comprises delaying the down signal, driving output current based on the up and down signals, and driving output current in a first current direction when the up signal is asserted, and driving output current in a direction opposite to the first current direction when the down signal is asserted. The method further comprises low pass filtering the output current.

A Class D amplifier that receives an input signal comprises signal generating means for generating first and second periodic signals wherein each period of the first periodic signal comprising first and second intervals, and each period of the second periodic signal comprising third and fourth intervals. The first periodic signal is monotonically increasing during the first interval and is monotonically decreasing during the second interval, the second periodic signal is monotonically decreasing during the third interval and is monotonically increasing during the fourth interval. The first and third intervals are substantially aligned in time, and the second and fourth intervals are substantially aligned in time. The Class D amplifier includes crossing detecting means for generating a first transition signal when a voltage of the first periodic signal transitions in a first direction across a voltage of the input signal and when a voltage of the second periodic signal transitions in the first direction across a voltage of the input signal.

In other features, the first and second periodic signals are characterized by substantially equal periods and substantially equal peak-to-peak amplitudes. The second periodic signal is substantially equal to the first periodic signal phase-shifted by 180 degrees. The second periodic signal is substantially equal to the first periodic signal mirrored across a horizontal constant voltage line. A frequency of the first periodic signal is at least approximately two orders of magnitude higher than a frequency of the input signal.

In still other features, a frequency of the first periodic signal is at least approximately two orders of magnitude higher than a maximum frequency of the input signal. Derivatives of the first periodic signal during the first and second intervals are approximately equal in magnitude, and wherein derivatives of the second periodic signal during the third and fourth intervals are approximately equal in magnitude. The crossing detecting means generates a second transition signal when a voltage of the first periodic signal transitions in a second direction across a voltage of the input signal and when a voltage of the second periodic signal transitions in the second direction across a voltage of the input signal, and wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction.

In other features, the first direction is a positive transition from lower than the input signal to higher than the input signal, and the second direction is a negative transition from higher than the input signal to lower than the input signal. The first direction is a negative transition from higher than the input signal to lower than the input signal, and the second direction is a positive transition from lower than the input signal to higher than the input signal. The crossing detecting means comprises edge detecting means for finding crossing points of the input signal and the first and second periodic signals.

In still other features, the edge detecting means comprises first and second comparison means for comparing the input signal to the first and second periodic signals, respectively. The edge detecting means generates a first pulse when a rising edge occurs in at least one of first and second comparison means outputs, and generates a second pulse when a falling edge occurs in at least one of the first and second comparison means outputs.

In other features, the edge detecting means comprises first one shot means for receiving an output of the first comparison means and for generating the first pulse when a rising edge occurs, second one shot means for receiving an output of the first comparison means and for generating the second pulse when a falling edge occurs, third one shot means for receiving an output of the second comparison means and for generating the first pulse when a rising edge occurs, and fourth one shot means for receiving an output of the second comparison means and for generating the second pulse when a falling edge occurs. The first transition signal includes the first pulse and the second transition signal includes the second pulse.

In still other features, the Class D amplifier further comprises phase detecting means for asserting an up signal when the first transition signal is received, asserting a down signal when the second transition signal is received, and de-asserting both of the up and down signals after a predetermined period. The phase detecting means de-asserts both of the up and down signals after both of the up and down signals have been asserted for a predetermined period. The phase detecting means delays the down signal before asserting the down signal.

In other features, the Class D amplifier further comprises output means for selectively driving output current based on the up and down signals. The output means drives output current in a first current direction when the up signal is asserted, and drives output current in a direction opposite to the first current direction when the down signal is asserted. The Class D amplifier further comprises output means for selectively driving output current based upon first and second current signals. The first and second current signals are derived from the first and second transition signals.

In still other features, the first and second current signals are asserted when the first and second transition signals, respectively, are asserted, and the first and second current signals are both de-asserted when the first and second current signals have been asserted simultaneously for a predetermined period. The second current signal is delayed by a predetermined time. The output means includes single-ended driving means. The output means includes first single-ended driving means for driving output current when the first current signal is asserted, and second single-ended driving means for driving output current when the second current signal is asserted.

In other features, the output means connects an output terminal to a first reference potential when the first current signal is asserted and connects the output terminal to a second potential when the second current signal is asserted, and wherein the first reference potential is greater than the second reference potential. The output means connects the output terminal to a third reference potential when the first and second current signals are both de-asserted, wherein the third reference potential is less than the first reference potential and greater than the second reference potential. The output means includes a balanced H-bridge.

In still other features, the output means connects a first output terminal to a first reference potential and a second output terminal to a second reference potential when the first current signal is asserted, and connects the first output terminal to the second reference potential and the second output terminal to the first reference terminal when the second current signal is asserted, and wherein the first reference potential is greater than the second reference potential. The output means connects the first and second output terminals together when the first and second current signals are both de-asserted.

In other features, a system comprises the Class D amplifier and load means that receives the output current. The load means comprises audio speaker means. The system further comprises filtering means for low-pass filtering the output current.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic of a Class D amplifier according to the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram illustrating a sawtooth signal Vsaw and an input signal VIN according to the prior art;

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a Class D amplifier according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an electrical schematic of one exemplary implementation of the Class D amplifier of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of a ramp signal VRAMP and an input signal VIN according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary output stage of the Class D amplifier according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 illustrates a single ended output stage for the Class D amplifier according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 illustrates a balanced H-bridge output stage for the Class D amplifier according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 illustrates an alternate balanced H-bridge output stage for the Class D amplifier according to the present invention; and

FIG. 10 illustrates low pass filters of the Class D amplifier and the load.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. For purposes of clarity, the same reference numbers will be used in the drawings to identify similar elements.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a Class D amplifier 100 according to the present invention is shown. The Class D amplifier 100 includes a ramp generator 110 that generates a ramp signal (VRAMP) and an inverted ramp signal (V RAMP). As used herein, the terms ramp signal and inverted ramp signal refer to signals having alternating positive and negative slopes, which are substantially equal. The ramp signal VRAMP is output to a signal generator 111 that generates UP and DOWN signals for an output stage 118. The output stage 118 drives current through the load based on the UP and DOWN signals. The signal generator 111 includes an edge detector 114 and a phase detector 116. The ramp signal VRAMP, the inverted ramp signal V RAMP and the input signal VIN are output to the edge detector circuit 114.

The edge detector circuit 114 outputs first and second pulses when rising and falling edges of the ramp and inverted ramp signals transition above and below, respectively, the input signal. In other words, the edge detector circuit 114 outputs a first pulse when VRAMP transitions from a value less than VIN to a value greater than VIN and a second pulse when VRAMP transitions from a value greater than VIN to a value less than VIN, respectively. The edge detector circuit 114 also outputs the first pulse when V RAMP transitions from a value less than VIN to a value greater than VIN and the second pulse when V RAMP transitions from a value greater than VIN to a value less than VIN, respectively.

Outputs of the edge detector circuit 114 are input to a phase detector 116. The phase detector 116 sends an UP signal when the first pulse is received until the second pulse is received. When the second pulse is received, the phase detector 116 sends a DOWN signal until the first pulse is received. An output of the phase detector 116 is transmitted to an output stage 118, which drives current across the load based on the UP and DOWN signals.

Referring now to FIG. 4, an exemplary implementation of the Class D amplifier 100 is shown. The edge detector circuit 114 includes comparators 119-1 and 119-2 and one-shot circuits 120-1 and 120-3 and 120-2 and 120-4, respectively. The ramp signal VRAMP is output to a non-inverting input of the first comparator 119-1. The inverted ramp signal V RAMP is output to a non-inverting input of the second comparator 119-2. The input signal VIN is input to inverting inputs of the comparators 119-1 and 119-2.

Outputs of the comparators 119-1 and 119-2 are input to the one-shot circuits 120. In one implementation, the one-shot circuits 120-1 and 120-2 generate an output pulse when there is a positive edge sensed at the input thereof. The one-shot circuits 120-3 and 120-4 generate an output pulse when there is a negative edge sensed at the input thereof.

Outputs of the one-shot circuits 120-1 and 120-2 are input to OR gate 130. Outputs of the one-shot circuits 120-3 and 120-4 are input to OR gate 132. Outputs of the OR gates 130 and 132 are input to a phase detector 116. The phase detector 116 operates in a manner that is similar to phase detectors in modern phase locked loops (PLLs). When there is no phase error in modern PLLs, a very small up and down pulse current is generated. In a Class D amplifier, however, voltage pulses are used instead of current.

In one implementation, the phase detector 116 includes a flip-flop 142 that communicates with the output of the OR gate 130 and a flip-flop 144 that communicates with the output of the OR gate 132. D inputs of the flip-flops 142 and 144 are connected to a voltage bias VBB. A Q output of the flip-flop 142 provides a first or UP signal. A Q output of the flip-flop 144 provides a second or DOWN signal. The UP signal and the DOWN signal are fed back through an AND gate 150 and a delay 152 to reset (R) inputs of the flip-flops 142 and 144. The UP signal and the DOWN signal are also transmitted to an output stage 118, as will be described below. The ramp signal preferably has a frequency that is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the input frequency (e.g. 20 kHz and 1-2 MHz).

Referring now to FIG. 5, the ramp signal VRAMP, the inverted ramp signal V RAMP, and an input signal VIN are shown. The UP signal is initiated on a rising edge of either the ramp signal VRAMP or the inverted ramp signal V RAMP crossing the input signal VIN. The DOWN signal is initiated on a falling edge of either the ramp signal VRAMP or the inverted ramp signal V RAMP crossing the input signal VIN.

Referring now to FIG. 6, an exemplary output stage 118 includes an amplifier 180 that is switched on when the UP signal has a first state and off when the UP signal has a second state. The amplifier 182 is switched on when the DOWN signal has a first state and off when the UP signal has a second state.

Referring now to FIG. 7, an alternate output stage 118 is configured as a single ended drive stage. The output stage 118 includes an AND gate 190 with inverted inputs, which are connected to the UP signal and a delayed DOWN signal. The UP signal controls a first switch 194. An output of the AND gate 190 controls a second switch 196. The first switch 194 selectively connects VDD to a node 200. The second switch 196 selectively connects the node 200 to ground. The delayed DOWN signal controls a third switch 198, which selectively connects the node 200 to negative VEE. The load 184 is connected between the node 200 and ground.

In a preferred embodiment, the DOWN signal is delayed by at least the minimum pulse width of the phase detector 116 to avoid conflict between the switches 194 and 198. In a preferred embodiment, the delay is preferably at least two times the minimum delay described above. The switch 196 is on only when the UP and the delayed DOWN signals are inactive. In PLL applications, the DOWN signal does not need to be delayed because current is used. Therefore UP and DOWN signals can occur at the same time. With voltage signals, the DOWN signal is preferably delayed to avoid the crowbar short-circuit effect of both the top and bottom transistors being on.

Referring now to FIG. 8, an alternate output stage 118 is configured as a balanced H-bridge implementation. The UP signal controls first and second switches 210 and 212 and is input to an AND gate 214 with inverted inputs. The delayed DOWN signal controls switches 218 and 222 and is input to AND gate 214, which has inverted inputs. The output of the AND gates 214 controls switches 230 and 232, which are connected across the load 184. The switches 210 and 222 are connected between VDD and nodes 234 and 236, respectively. The switches 218 and 212 are connected between the nodes 234 and 236, respectively, and ground.

Referring now to FIG. 9, an alternate output stage 118 that is similar to the output stage in FIG. 8 is shown. The output stage 118 in FIG. 9 includes an additional switch 250 that is controlled by the output of the AND gate 214. The switch 250 is connected across the load 184.

As can be appreciated, the output common mode of the output stages 118 that are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 does not move around and is centered between the positive and negative power supplies.

Referring now to FIG. 10, the signal to the load 184 can be filtered using one or more low pass filter circuits 300. The low pass filter circuits 300 may include one or more inductors and/or capacitors that remove high frequency switching components. For example, the filter may include a series inductor and a parallel capacitor. The optional filters 300 may not be needed if the load is an inductive load such as a loudspeaker load, which is mechanically similar to a low pass filter.

Those skilled in the art can now appreciate from the foregoing description that the broad teachings of the present invention can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this invention has been described in connection with particular examples thereof, the true scope of the invention should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent to the skilled practitioner upon a study of the drawings, the specification and the following claims.

INVENTORS:

Sutardja, Sehat

THIS PATENT IS REFERENCED BY THESE PATENTS:
Patent Priority Assignee Title
7884670, Nov 06 2003 MARVELL INTERNATIONAL LTD; CAVIUM INTERNATIONAL; MARVELL ASIA PTE, LTD Class D amplifier
8269475, Feb 17 2009 Texas Instruments Incorporated Class DH amplifier
8995691, Jul 14 2008 AUDERA ACOUSTICS INC Audio amplifier
THIS PATENT REFERENCES THESE PATENTS:
Patent Priority Assignee Title
4404511, Oct 23 1980 The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the Motor power factor controller with a reduced voltage starter
4415862, Mar 28 1980 Pioneer Electronic Corporation Pulse width modulation amplifier
4584566, Dec 21 1984 Honeywell Inc. Analog to digital converter
4791341, Jan 19 1988 General Electric Company Speed reducing control system for a polyphase electric motor
5077539, Dec 26 1990 NXP USA, INC Switching amplifier
5204809, Apr 03 1992 International Business Machines Corporation H-driver DC-to-DC converter utilizing mutual inductance
5479337, Nov 30 1993 Kaiser Aerospace and Electronics Corporation Very low power loss amplifier for analog signals utilizing constant-frequency zero-voltage-switching multi-resonant converter
5504457, Sep 06 1990 Motorola, Inc. Pulsed power amplifier for amplifying RF signals
5617058, Nov 13 1995 NXP USA, INC Digital signal processing for linearization of small input signals to a tri-state power switch
5955910, Aug 30 1995 DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH, AS COLLATERAL AGENT Switch with programmable delay
6049473, Feb 11 1999 Delta Electronics, Inc. Harmonic-injection control technique for three-phase, discontinuous-conduction-mode, high-power-factor boost rectifiers with improved line-transient response
6348781, Dec 11 2000 Motorola, Inc. Buck or boost power converter
6362986, Mar 22 2001 Volterra Semiconductor LLC Voltage converter with coupled inductive windings, and associated methods
6430220, Sep 19 2000 SIGMATEL, LLC Distortion reduction method and apparatus for linearization of digital pulse width modulation by efficient calculation
6552607, Nov 12 2001 SIGMATEL, LLC Time division multiplexed PWM amplifier
6847257, May 23 2003 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc Efficient minimum pulse spread spectrum modulation for filterless class D amplifiers
6897640, Sep 07 2001 STMICROELECTRONICS INTERNATIONAL N V Switched mode power supply device adapted for low current drains, and cellular phone equipped with such a device
6922101, Dec 23 2002 Phase shift modulation class D amplifier
7200187, Jul 26 2001 O BRIEN AUDIO, INC Modulator for digital amplifier
7262658, Jul 29 2005 Texas Instruments Incorporated Class-D amplifier system
7417412, Mar 29 2005 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. DC-DC converter utilizing a modified Schmitt trigger circuit and method of modulating a pulse width
EP564490,
WO225817,
WO3043184,
WO9212572,
WO9718626,
ASSIGNMENT RECORDS    Assignment records on the USPTO
////
Executed onAssignorAssigneeConveyanceFrameReelDoc
Nov 16 2007Marvell World Trade Ltd.(assignment on the face of the patent)
Dec 31 2019Marvell World Trade LtdMARVELL INTERNATIONAL LTDASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS 0517780537 pdf
Dec 31 2019MARVELL INTERNATIONAL LTDCAVIUM INTERNATIONALASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS 0529180001 pdf
Dec 31 2019CAVIUM INTERNATIONALMARVELL ASIA PTE, LTDASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS 0534750001 pdf
MAINTENANCE FEES AND DATES:    Maintenance records on the USPTO
Date Maintenance Fee Events
Jun 25 2012M1551: Payment of Maintenance Fee, 4th Year, Large Entity.
Jun 23 2016M1552: Payment of Maintenance Fee, 8th Year, Large Entity.
Jun 16 2020M1553: Payment of Maintenance Fee, 12th Year, Large Entity.


Date Maintenance Schedule
Dec 23 20114 years fee payment window open
Jun 23 20126 months grace period start (w surcharge)
Dec 23 2012patent expiry (for year 4)
Dec 23 20142 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 4)
Dec 23 20158 years fee payment window open
Jun 23 20166 months grace period start (w surcharge)
Dec 23 2016patent expiry (for year 8)
Dec 23 20182 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 8)
Dec 23 201912 years fee payment window open
Jun 23 20206 months grace period start (w surcharge)
Dec 23 2020patent expiry (for year 12)
Dec 23 20222 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 12)