Methods and systems for processing signals for a multiband radio are disclosed herein. Aspects of the method may comprise dividing an input signal generated by an oscillator used to generate signals for each of a plurality of bands for the multiband radio. A feedback loop reference signal may be generated from the input signal and a coarse calibration signal may be generated from the feedback loop reference signal. The oscillator may be calibrated utilizing the coarse calibration signal. The input signal may be buffered and/or divided by a divide by four (4) divider circuit. The input signal generated by the oscillator may be between about 3.4 GHz and 4 GHz. The generated feedback loop reference signal may be buffered and/or divided prior to the calibration. The coarse calibration signal may comprise a 7-bit calibration signal. A fine calibration signal may be generated from the feedback loop reference signal.
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1. A method for processing signals for a multiband radio, comprising:
dividing an input signal generated by an oscillator used to generate signals for each of a plurality of bands for the multiband radio, wherein said dividing of said input signal occurs prior to said generating of said signals for each of said plurality of bands;
generating a feedback loop reference signal from said input signal;
generating a coarse calibration signal from at least said feedback loop reference signal; and
calibrating said oscillator utilizing said coarse calibration signal.
15. A synthesizer and logen (local oscillator generator) circuit for processing signals, comprising:
a multiband signal generator, wherein an output of said multiband signal generator is coupled to an input of a coarse calibration circuit and an input of a fine calibration circuit;
an output of said coarse calibration circuit is coupled to an input of a local oscillator;
an output of said fine calibration circuit is coupled to said input of said local oscillator;
an output of said local oscillator is coupled to an input of a first buffer; and
an output of said first buffer is coupled to an input of said multiband signal generator.
19. A method for processing signals for a multiband radio, comprising:
dividing an input signal generated by an oscillator used to generate signals for each of a plurality of bands for the multiband radio, wherein said dividing of said input signal occurs prior to said generating of said signals for each of said plurality of bands;
generating a feedback loop reference signal from said input signal;
generating a coarse calibration signal from at least said feedback loop reference signal; and
calibrating said oscillator utilizing said coarse calibration signal, wherein said coarse calibration signal comprises a 7-bit calibration signal.
10. A system for processing signals for a multiband radio, comprising:
a first divider that divides an input signal generated by an oscillator used to generate signals for each of a plurality of bands for the multiband radio, wherein said first divider divides said input signal prior to said generating of said signals for each of said plurality of bands;
a second divider that generates a feedback loop reference signal from said input signal; and
a calibration circuit that generates a coarse calibration signal from at least said feedback loop reference signal, wherein
said calibration circuit calibrates said oscillator utilizing said coarse calibration signal.
21. A system for processing signals for a multiband radio, comprising:
a first divider that divides an input signal generated by an oscillator used to generate signals for each of a plurality of bands for the multiband radio, wherein said first divider divides said input signal prior to said generating of said signals for each of said plurality of bands;
a second divider that generates a feedback loop reference signal from said input signal; and
a calibration circuit that generates a coarse calibration signal from at least said feedback loop reference signal, wherein said calibration circuit calibrates said oscillator utilizing said coarse calibration signal, and wherein said coarse calibration signal comprises a 7-bit calibration signal.
24. A system for processing signals for a multiband radio, comprising:
a first divider that divides an input signal generated by an oscillator used to generate signals for each of a plurality of bands for the multiband radio, wherein said first divider divides said input signal prior to said generating of said signals for each of said plurality of bands;
a second divider that generates a feedback loop reference signal from said input signal;
a calibration circuit that generates a coarse calibration signal from at least said feedback loop reference signal, wherein said calibration circuit calibrates said oscillator utilizing said coarse calibration signal; and
a fourth divider that generates a transmitter (Tx) reference signal from said input signal.
20. A system for processing signals for a multiband radio, comprising:
a first divider that divides an input signal generated by an oscillator used to generate signals for each of a plurality of bands for the multiband radio, wherein said first divider divides said input signal prior to said generating of said signals for each of said plurality of bands;
a second divider that generates a feedback loop reference signal from said input signal;
a calibration circuit that generates a coarse calibration signal from at least said feedback loop reference signal, wherein said calibration circuit calibrates said oscillator utilizing said coarse calibration signal; and
a third divider that divides said generated feedback loop reference signal prior to said calibration.
22. A system for processing signals for a multiband radio, comprising:
a first divider that divides an input signal generated by an oscillator used to generate signals for each of a plurality of bands for the multiband radio, wherein said first divider divides said input signal prior to said generating of said signals for each of said plurality of bands;
a second divider that generates a feedback loop reference signal from said input signal;
a calibration circuit that generates a coarse calibration signal from at least said feedback loop reference signal, wherein said calibration circuit calibrates said oscillator utilizing said coarse calibration signal; and
a fine calibration circuit that generates a fine calibration signal from at least said feedback loop reference signal.
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16. The circuit according to
an output of said first buffer is coupled to an input of a first divider;
an output of said first divider is coupled to an input of a second divider;
an output of said first buffer is coupled to an input of a third divider;
an output of said third divider is coupled to an input of a second buffer;
an output of said first buffer is coupled to an input of a fourth divider;
an output of said fourth divider is coupled to an input of a third buffer; and
an output of said second buffer is coupled to an input of said fine calibration circuit.
17. The synthesizer and logen circuit according to
an output of said multiband signal generator is coupled to an input of a fifth divider;
an output of said fifth divider is coupled to an input of a calibration circuit;
an output of an oscillator is coupled to said input of said calibration circuit; and
a 7-bit output of said calibration circuit is coupled to said input of said local oscillator.
18. The synthesizer and logen circuit according to
an output of said multiband signal generator is coupled to an input of a sixth divider;
an output of said sixth divider is coupled to an input of a delta sigma modulator;
an output of said delta sigma modulator is coupled to an input of said sixth divider;
said output of said sixth divider is coupled to an input of a phase frequency detector;
an output of an oscillator reference frequency block is coupled to said input of said phase frequency detector;
an output of said phase frequency detector is coupled to an input of a charge pump;
an output of said charge pump is coupled to an input of a loop filter; and
an output of said loop filter is coupled to said input of said local oscillator.
23. The system according to
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This application is related to the following applications, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes:
[Not Applicable]
[Not Applicable]
Certain embodiments of the invention relate to the processing of radio signals in a transceiver. More specifically, certain embodiments of the invention relate to a method and system for a synthesizer/local oscillator generator (LOGEN) architecture for a quad-band GSM/GPRS radio.
A local oscillator generator (LOGEN) circuit is utilized in a conventional transceiver to generate oscillator reference signals. The oscillator reference signals generated by the LOGEN circuit are utilized by a transmitter and/or a receiver. Since different reference frequencies are required for transmitter and/or receiver operation, multiple local oscillator generators are utilized in conventional transceivers. For example, one or more LOGEN circuits may be utilized by the transmitter block and one or more LOGEN circuits may be utilized by the receiver block within a transceiver. For each LOGEN circuit, a conventional transceiver utilizes one or more calibration circuits that calibrate the LOGEN circuit for a specific frequency or a range of frequencies.
The LOGEN circuits within the transmitter and/or receiver block, however, occupy significant on-chip real estate within the conventional transceiver. In addition, additional on-chip real estate is required for the calibration circuits corresponding to each of the LOGEN circuits utilized within the transceiver. Further, by utilizing several LOGEN circuits, there is an increased possibility of inter-oscillator interference, which causes ineffective oscillator signal generation.
Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art through comparison of such systems with the present invention as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.
Certain embodiments of the invention may be found in a method and system for processing signals for a multiband radio. Aspects of the method may comprise dividing an input signal generated by an oscillator used to generate signals for each of a plurality of bands for the multiband radio. A feedback loop reference signal may be generated from the input signal and a coarse calibration signal may be generated from the feedback loop reference signal. The oscillator may be calibrated utilizing the coarse calibration signal. The input signal may be buffered and/or divided by a divide by four (4) divider circuit. The input signal generated by the oscillator may be between about 3.4 GHz and 4 GHz. The generated feedback loop reference signal may be buffered and/or divided prior to the calibration. The coarse calibration signal may comprise a 7-bit calibration signal. A fine calibration signal may be generated from the feedback loop reference signal. The oscillator may be calibrated utilizing the fine calibration signal. A transmitter (Tx) reference signal may be generated from the input signal.
Aspects of the system may comprise a first divider that divides an input signal generated by an oscillator used to generate signals for each of a plurality of bands for the multiband radio. A second divider may generate a feedback loop reference signal from the input signal. A calibration circuit may generate a coarse calibration signal from the feedback loop reference signal, where the calibration circuit may calibrate the oscillator utilizing the coarse calibration signal. The second divider may comprise a divide by four (4) divider circuit. A first buffer may buffer the input signal generated by the oscillator.
The input signal generated by the oscillator may be between about 3.4 GHz and 4 GHz. A second buffer may buffer the generated feedback loop reference signal. A third divider may divide the generated feedback loop reference signal prior to the calibration. The coarse calibration signal may comprise a 7-bit calibration signal. A fine calibration circuit may generate a fine calibration signal from the feedback loop reference signal and the fine calibration circuit may calibrate the oscillator utilizing the fine calibration signal. A fourth divider may generate a transmitter (Tx) reference signal from the input signal.
In another aspect of the invention, a synthesizer and LOGEN (Local Oscillator Generator) circuit for processing signals may comprise a multiband signal generator, wherein an output of the multiband signal generator is coupled to an input of a coarse calibration circuit and an input of a fine calibration circuit. An output of the coarse calibration circuit may be coupled to an input of a local oscillator and an output of the fine calibration circuit may be coupled to the input of the local oscillator. An output of the local oscillator may be coupled to an input of a first buffer and an output of the first buffer may be coupled to an input of the multiband signal generator. An output of the first buffer may be coupled to an input of a first divider and an output of the first divider may be coupled to an input of a second divider.
An output of the first buffer may be coupled to an input of a third divider and an output of the third divider may be coupled to an input of a second buffer. An output of the first buffer may be coupled to an input of a fourth divider and an output of the fourth divider may be coupled to an input of a third buffer. An output of the second buffer may be coupled to an input of the fine calibration circuit. An output of the multiband signal generator block may be coupled to an input of a fifth divider and an output of the fifth divider may be coupled to an input of a calibration circuit. An output of an oscillator reference frequency block may be coupled to the input of the calibration circuit and, for example, a 7-bit output of the calibration circuit may be coupled to the input of the local oscillator.
An output of the multiband signal generator may be coupled to an input of a sixth divider and an output of the sixth divider may be coupled to an input of a delta sigma modulator. An output of the delta sigma modulator may be coupled to an input of the sixth divider and the output of the sixth divider may be coupled to an input of a phase frequency detector. An output of an oscillator reference frequency block may be coupled to the input of the phase frequency detector and an output of the phase frequency detector may be coupled to an input of a charge pump. An output of the charge pump is coupled to an input of a loop filter and an output of the loop filter may be coupled to the input of the local oscillator.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention may be appreciated from a review of the following detailed description of the present invention, along with the accompanying figures in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout.
Certain embodiments of the invention may be found in a method and system for processing signals for a multiband radio. In accordance with an exemplary aspect of the invention, a synthesizer/local oscillator generator (LOGEN) architecture may utilize a single voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) to generate an oscillator reference signal that may be utilized in a multiband transceiver. For example, the synthesizer/LOGEN architecture may utilize one or more divider circuits that divide the oscillator signal to generate quad-band receiver (Rx) reference signals, such as a personal communication service (PCS) signal at about 1.9 GHz, a digital cellular system (DCS) signal at about 1.8 GHz, a global system for mobile communications (GSM) signal at about 900 MHz, and an Rx reference signal at 850 MHz.
Additional divider circuits may be utilized to generate a transmitter (Tx) reference signal and/or a feedback loop reference signal for coarse and/or fine calibration. The LOGEN circuit may utilize, for example, a 7-bit coarse calibration, which significantly improves the calibration speed. The 7-bit coarse calibration also results in a smaller gain for the VCO within the synthesizer/LOGEN architecture, as well as reduced noise within the generated signal. A fine calibration circuit may also be utilized to fine calibrate the VCO. A synthesizer/LOGEN circuit in accordance with an exemplary aspect of the invention, may be implemented utilizing fully differential and/or symmetric circuits, for example, resulting in better phase linearity and reduced sensitivity to coupling.
The multiband dividing block 150 may comprise dividers 106 through 112 and buffers 130 through 140 and may be adapted to receive an oscillator signal 129 from the VCO 122 and generate one or more multiband Rx oscillator signals, such as Rx oscillator signals 107 and 107a, a feedback loop reference signal 109a, and a Tx oscillator signal 117a, for example. The dividers 106 through 112 may comprise suitable circuitry and/or logic and may be adapted to divide an input signal utilizing a determined dividing ratio. The buffers 130 through 140 may comprise suitable circuitry and/or logic and may be adapted to buffer and/or amplify an input signal.
The fine calibration circuit 154 may comprise a multi-modulus divider 118, a delta-sigma modulator 120, a combining block 144, a phase frequency detector 116, a charge pump 114, a loop filter 142, a reference signal oscillator 124, and a buffer 126. The fine calibration circuit 154 may be adapted to receive the feedback loop reference signal 109a, the reference oscillator signal 127, and the channel select signal 146, and utilize these received signals to generate a fine calibration signal 147, for example. The multi-modulus divider 118 may comprise suitable circuitry and/or logic and may be adapted to divide the feedback loop reference signal 109a utilizing a determined dividing ratio. The dividing ratio utilized by the multi-modulus divider 118 may utilize a fractional-n dividing ratio.
The delta-sigma modulator 120 may comprise suitable circuitry and/or logic and may be adapted to receive a channel select signal 146 and a divided signal 119 and modulate the multi-modulus divider 118 so that a dividing ratio corresponding to the channel select signal 146, and a selected frequency channel information, may be determined for use by the multi-modulus divider 118. In one aspect of the invention, the delta-sigma modulator 120 may generate a 1-bit bitstream signal 121, where the 1-bit bitstream 121 may represent an average level of the input signals to the delta-sigma modulator 120. By generating the 1-bit bitstream 121, the 1-bit delta-sigma modulator 120 may be less sensitive to the charge pump 114 and the nonlinearity of the multi-modulus divider 118, when compared to multi-bit delta-sigma modulators.
The 1-bit bitstream 121, as well as the channel select signal 146, may be communicated to the combining block 144. The combining block 144 may comprise suitable circuitry and/or logic and may be adapted to select either the 1-bit bitstream 121 or the channel select signal 146 for communication to the multi-modulus divider 118. After the combining block 144 selects between the 1-bit bitstream 121 and the channel select signal 146, an output signal 145 may be generated and communicated to the multi-modulus divider 118. The multi-modulus divider 118 may then adjust the dividing ratio, divide the feedback loop reference signal 109a, and generate a divided signal 119. The divided signal 119 may then be communicated to the phase frequency detector 116 as well as to the delta-sigma modulator 120 to be utilized as a feedback signal.
The phase frequency detector 116 may comprise suitable circuitry and/or logic and may be adapted to receive a divided signal 119 and a reference signal 127 and generate an output signal 117 based on the phase difference between the divided signal 119 and the reference signal 127. The output signal 117 may comprise an up (U) component and/or a down (D) component, based on whether the divided signal 119 leads or lags the reference signal 127. The charge pump 114 may comprise suitable circuitry and/or logic and may be adapted to receive the output signal 117 and generate positive or negative charge pulses 115 depending on whether the divided signal 119 leads or lags the reference signal 127.
The charge pulses 115 may then be integrated by the loop filter 142 to generate a fine calibration voltage signal 147. In one aspect of the invention, the loop filter may comprise a 40 kHz filter implemented with a plurality of resistance-capacitance (RC) links connected in parallel. For example, the loop filter 142 may comprise two RC links and a capacitor connected in parallel. The sub-section 143 of the loop filter 142, comprising one RC link and a capacitor, may be implemented off-chip, for example, and the remaining RC link may be implemented on-chip.
The crystal reference signal oscillator 124 may be adapted to generate a reference signal 125. The generated reference signal 125 may be buffered by the buffer 126 and the buffered reference signal 127 may then be communicated to the phase frequency detector 116 and/or to the coarse calibration module 102. In an exemplary aspect of the invention, the reference signal oscillator may generate a reference oscillator signal 125 at 26 MHz. The invention, however, may not be limited by the frequency of the oscillator signal 125 and other reference signals may also be utilized by the fine calibration circuit 154 and/or the coarse calibration circuit 152.
The coarse calibration circuit 152 may comprise a divider 104 and a coarse calibration module 102. The coarse calibration circuit 152 may be adapted to receive the feedback loop reference signal 109a and the reference oscillator signal 127 to generate, for example, a 7-bit coarse calibration signal 103. The coarse calibration signal 103 and the fine calibration signal 147 may be utilized by the VCO 122 for coarse and fine calibration of the generated oscillator signal 123 in accordance with the selected channel as determined by the channel select signal 146. The divider 104 may comprise suitable circuitry and/or logic and may be adapted to divide an input signal utilizing a determined dividing ratio. For example, the divider 104 may comprise a divide by four (4) dividing circuit and may be adapted to receive the feedback loop reference signal 109a and generate a divided signal 156. Although a 7-bit coarse calibration is utilized, the invention is not so limited. Coarse calibration utilizing a different number of bits may also be utilized.
The coarse calibration module 102 may comprise suitable circuitry and/or logic and may be adapted to receive the reference signal 127 and the divided signal 156 to generate a coarse calibration signal 103. In one aspect of the invention, the coarse calibration module 102 may utilize 7-bit coarse calibration signal generation techniques. For example, a 7-bit coarse calibration signal 103 may be selected from 128 different frequencies. The coarse calibration module 102 may be adapted to select a calibration signal that is close to one of the 128 reference frequencies. By utilizing 7-bit coarse calibration techniques, the coarse calibration module 102 may be adapted to quickly generate the coarse calibration signal 103. The coarse calibration signal 103 may then be communicated to the VCO 122 for coarse calibration followed by a fine calibration utilizing the fine calibration signal 147.
In operation, the VCO 122 may generate an oscillator signal 123. The oscillator signal 123 may be generated within a determined range, such as between about 3.4 GHz and 4 GHz, in accordance with a channel select signal 146. The channel select signal 146 may be a user-generated signal and may correspond to a selected channel associated with a frequency band, such as DCS, PCS, and/or GSM, for example. After the VCO 122 generates the oscillator signal 123, the oscillator signal 123 may be buffered by the buffer 128. The buffered oscillator signal 129 may then be communicated to the multiband dividing block 150 for further processing.
In one aspect of the invention, the multiband dividing block 150 may utilize divide by two (2) dividing circuits 106 and 112 to divide the oscillator signal 129 and generate multiband Rx oscillator signals 107 and 107a. For example, the divide by two (2) dividing circuit 106 may divide the oscillator signal 129 to generate the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the multiband Rx oscillator signal 107. The in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the multiband Rx oscillator signal 107 may then be buffered by the buffers 134 and 136, respectively. The multiband Rx oscillator signal 107 may be between about 1.7 GHz and 1.9 GHz, for example, for Rx oscillator signal coverage in the DCS and PCS bands.
The multiband Rx oscillator signal 107 may then be further divided by the divide by two (2) dividing circuit 112 to generate the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the multiband Rx oscillator signal 107a. The in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the multiband Rx oscillator signal 107a may then be buffered by the buffers 140 and 138, respectively. The multiband Rx oscillator signal 107a may be between about 850 MHz and 900 MHz, for example, for Rx oscillator signal coverage in the GSM band and the 850 MHz band.
In another aspect of the invention, the oscillator signal 129 may be utilized by the multiband dividing block 150 to generate the feedback loop reference signal 109a. For example, the oscillator signal 129 may be divided by the divide by four (4) dividing circuit 108 to generate the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the feedback loop reference signal 109. The generated feedback reference signal 109 may then be buffered by the buffer 130 and the buffered feedback loop reference signal 109a may be communicated to the fine calibration circuit 154 and/or the coarse calibration circuit 152. The feedback loop reference signal 109a may be between about 850 MHz and 1 GHz, for example, and may be utilized for the generation of the coarse calibration and fine calibration signals 103 and 147, respectively. The present invention may not be limited by the frequency range of the VCO generated oscillator signal 123 and the feedback loop reference signal 109a. Therefore, frequency ranges other than a VCO generated oscillator frequency range of about 3.4 GHz to 4 GHz may also be utilized within the synthesizer/LOGEN architecture 100.
The oscillator signal 129 may also be utilized by the multiband dividing block 150 to generate the Tx oscillator signal 117a. For example, the oscillator signal 129 may be divided by the divide by four (4) dividing circuit 110 to generate the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the Tx oscillator signal 117. The Tx oscillator signal 117 may then be buffered by the buffer 132 and the buffered Tx oscillator signal 117a may be communicated to a transmitter block, for example, for further processing.
After the feedback loop reference signal is generated by the multiband dividing block 150, the feedback loop reference signal may be communicated to the fine calibration circuit 154 and the coarse calibration circuit 152. In one aspect of the invention, the fine calibration circuit 154 may comprise a fractional-n synthesizer adapted to generate the fine calibration signal 147. The multi-modulus divider 118 may receive and divide the feedback loop reference signal 109a utilizing a determined dividing ratio. The dividing ratio utilized by the multi-modulus divider 118 may comprise a fractional-n dividing ratio. For example, if the feedback loop reference signal is between about 850 MHz and 1 GHz, the multi-modulus divider 118 may utilize a fractional dividing ratio of about 32.0 to 39.0. In this manner, the divided signal 119 may be about 25-26 MHz, which signal may then be compared with the reference oscillator signal 127 in the phase frequency detector 116.
The delta-sigma modulator 120 may receive a channel select signal 146 and a divided signal 119 and modulate the multi-modulus divider 118 so that a dividing ratio corresponding to the channel select signal 146, and a selected frequency channel information, may be determined for use by the multi-modulus divider 118. The delta-sigma modulator 120 may be adapted to generate, for example, a 1-bit bitstream signal 121, for example, where the 1-bit bitstream 121 may represent an average level of the input signals to the delta-sigma modulator 120.
The 1-bit bitstream 121, as well as the channel select signal 146, may be communicated to the combining block 144. The combining block 144 may select either the 1-bit bitstream 121 or the channel select signal 146 for communication to the multi-modulus divider 118. After the combining block 144 selects between the 1-bit bitstream 121 and the channel select signal 146, an output signal 145 may be generated and communicated to the multi-modulus divider 118. The multi-modulus divider 118 may then adjust the dividing ratio, divide the feedback loop reference signal 109a, and generate a divided signal 119. The divided signal 119 may then be communicated to the phase frequency detector 116 as well as to the delta-sigma modulator 120.
The phase frequency detector 116 may receive the divided signal 119 and a reference signal 127 from the reference oscillator 124, and generate an output signal 117 based on the phase difference between the divided signal 119 and the reference signal 127. The output signal 117 may comprise an up (U) component and/or a down (D) component, based on whether the divided signal 119 leads or lags the reference signal 127. The charge pump 114 may be adapted to receive the output signal 117 and generate positive or negative charge pulses 115 depending on whether the divided signal 119 leads or lags the reference signal 127. The charge pulses 115 may then be integrated by the loop filter 142 to generate a fine calibration signal 147. After the fine calibration signal 147 is generated by the loop filter 142, the fine calibration signal 147 may be communicated to the VCO 122 for fine calibration.
After the feedback loop reference signal 109a is generated by the multiband dividing block 150, the feedback loop reference signal 109a may also be communicated to the coarse calibration circuit 152 for further processing. The coarse calibration circuit 152 may be adapted to receive the feedback loop reference signal 109a and the reference oscillator signal 127 to generate a 7-bit coarse calibration signal 103. The coarse calibration signal 103 and the fine calibration signal 147 may be utilized by the VCO 122 for coarse and fine calibration of the generated oscillator signal 123 in accordance with the selected channel as determined by the channel select signal 146.
The feedback loop reference signal 109a may be initially communicated to the divider 104. The divider 104 may divide the feedback loop reference signal 109a and generate a divided signal 156. The coarse calibration module 102 may receive the reference signal 127 and the divided signal 156 to generate a coarse calibration signal 103. In one aspect of the invention, the coarse calibration module 102 may utilize 7-bit coarse calibration signal generation techniques. For example, a 7-bit coarse calibration signal 103 may be selected from 128 different frequencies. The coarse calibration module 102 may be adapted to select a calibration signal that is close to one of the 128 reference frequencies. The coarse calibration signal 103 may then be communicated to the VCO 122 for coarse calibration followed by a fine calibration utilizing the fine calibration signal 147.
Accordingly, aspects of the invention may be realized in hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. The invention may be realized in a centralized fashion in at least one computer system, or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein is suited. A typical combination of hardware, software and firmware may be a general-purpose computer system with a computer program that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein.
One embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as a board level product, as a single chip, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or with varying levels integrated on a single chip with other portions of the system as separate components. The degree of integration of the system will primarily be determined by speed and cost considerations. Because of the sophisticated nature of modern processors, it is possible to utilize a commercially available processor, which may be implemented external to an ASIC implementation of the present system. Alternatively, if the processor is available as an ASIC core or logic block, then the commercially available processor may be implemented as part of an ASIC device with various functions implemented as firmware.
The invention may also be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the present context may mean, for example, any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following: a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form. However, other meanings of computer program within the understanding of those skilled in the art are also contemplated by the present invention.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the present invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
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