The present invention is based on a regulation circuit for making available a constant current supply on the basis of a transformer principle, in which there flows through the luminescent diodes (D1, . . . , DN) a triangular a.c. current varying periodically around a DC current value. Both a charging and a discharging current of inductive reactance connected in series to the luminescent diodes (D 1, . . . , DN), functioning as a storage choke for filtering of mains harmonics, flows as diode current through the luminescent diodes (D 1, . . . , DN). According to one exemplary embodiment of the invention the ceramic circuit board of the led illumination module in accordance with the invention has a direct mains current supply, which for protection from mechanical damage is accommodated in a transparent housing having a highly transparent polymer mass serving as optically active lens surface.
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1. A led module, comprising an arrangement of light-emitting luminescent diodes connected in series, which are applied on a thermally conducting ceramic circuit board with a direct mains current supply and are fed with AC current, wherein
the led module is, for protection from mechanical damage, enclosed between a transparent housing and the circuit board, the transparent housing having a highly transparent polymer mass disposed therein, serving as an optically active lens surface, and has a regulation circuit for providing a constant current supply, and light-emitting p- and n-doped layers of the luminescent diodes are applied to the circuit board using a Chip-On-board technology, wherein Fresnel lenses that include a lens plate for attainment of a bundled homogenous light distribution in a region of main emission directions are positioned centrally above each luminescent diode within the transparent housing.
2. The led module of
3. The led module of
4. The led module of
5. The led module of
6. The led module of
7. The led module according to
8. The led module of
9. The module of
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This Application is a Division of application Ser. No. 11/028,297, filed Jan. 4, 2005, which is a Continuation of application PCT/EP03/06952 filed on Jun. 30, 2003, and published in German but not English as WO 2004/006629 A2 on Jan. 15, 2004, the priority of which is claimed herein (35 U.S.C. §120) and which claims priority of German Application No. 102 30 103.4 filed Jul. 4, 2002, the priority of which is also claimed herein (35 U.S.C. §119).
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a current supply for LEDs. Thereby, a transformer principle is put to use which generates a triangular a.c. current, which varies periodically around a d.c. current value, through the luminescent diodes. By means of this process it is provided that both the charging and also discharging current of an inductive reactance in the load circuit flows as diode current through the luminescent diodes.
2. Description of the Related Art
High-power light emitting semiconductor luminescent diodes (“Light-Emitting Diodes”, LEDs), briefly referred to as light diodes, have long since achieved their place in many fields in which there is need for optical display systems or illumination systems having low energy consumption, such as e.g. in traffic and signaling technologies. Through decisive technical innovations in the field of light emitting semiconductor components, with the aid of which there can today be obtained a higher light yield and an extension of the color spectrum over the entire wavelength range of visible light between 780 nm (violet) and 380 nm (dark. red), optoelectronics is, in terms of lighting technology, embracing completely new markets.
For the attainment of a uniform illumination of surfaces, diffuser plates are employed as a rule. Due to the mains operation, above all in case of outdoor applications, light housings are usually necessary in order to protect the electronic components employed from the penetration of moisture.
In order to understand the central idea of the present invention, there will be briefly explained below the most important features of conventional processes and technologies according to the state of the art for the production of semiconductor luminescent diodes, above all the so-called “Chip-On-Board” (COB) Technology, which has greatly increased in significance in the last few years.
In “Chip-On-Board” (COB) Technology, the raw LED-chip is applied to the circuit board, with conductive adhesive, with the structure and the terminals upwards (“face up”). This procedure is called, in Anglo-American terminology, “die bonding”. After the curing of the adhesive there is effected in a further working step the connection of the chip terminals with the circuit board with the aid of a wire bonder, known from the production of integrated circuits. Thereby, the individual chip terminals and the circuit board are connected by a gold wire. Through the employment of special circuit board materials excellent heat conduction properties can be attained. From this there results a longer working life and a higher light yield per unit area. After application of a polymeric layer, the LED array is protected from mechanical damage due to shock or vibrations. Special circuit boards with reflector layers thereby serve for light bundling and increase of light intensities at smaller emission angles.
In comparison to conventional LED modules, through the employment of luminescent diodes which are applied to a circuit board as an LED array by means of COB technology, there can be produced efficient illumination units of high light yield, long working life, space-saving construction and a relatively slight cost outlay. Due to the light current values which can be attained, these modules are interesting not only as signalling or background illumination, but can be directly put to use as illumination means. LED arrays produced with COB technology having an emission angle of 180° permit a bright illumination of surfaces with a homogeneous light distribution, which is comparable with illumination by means of illumination equipment with fluorescent lamps operated at 40 to 50 mA. A further plus point is the 50% lesser current consumption in comparison with such illumination equipment.
Point light sources formed of high power luminescent diodes with COB technologies are ideally suited for small work and reading lights, as flexibly employable light sources in spot illumination, as central light source for orientation lights etc.
From DE 100 26 661 A1 there is known a universal compact LED illumination module which can be employed for indoor and outdoor lights in mains operation and without employment of further operating devices, such as e.g. mains transformers or specially dimensioned switch power unit parts. The light emitting semiconductor components provided as light sources are thereby controlled and supplied with current via a capacitor power unit part. In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the light emitting surfaces of the individual luminescent diodes emerge lens-like from the molding mass. As outer structural form for the LED illumination module disclosed herein there serves a molding mass (e.g. a casting resin) or a housing in which the electronic components are mounted protected from the penetration of moisture. The module can thereby be operated as a lamp or light directly from a current supply mains, can be positioned anywhere, and can be economically produced.
In the case of conventional capacitor power unit parts according to the state of the art (in contrast to the electronic solution in accordance with the invention) the effective value of the input alternating voltage can be selected to be variable (e.g. between 100 VAC and 277 VAC); even a supply of the mains part with d.c. voltage is possible.
Since, however, in the case of a capacitor mains power unit circuit the size of the capacitors employed increases strongly with increasing operating power, only low powers can be realized with such a mains power unit with acceptable structural size. Further, the performance of the electrolytic capacitors conventionally employed in the capacitor mains power units deteriorates with a number of operating hours. For the reasons mentioned above there is needed for the operation of high power LEDs (having an operating power of up to 4 W) the employment of alternative electronic solutions.
Starting from the above-mentioned state of the art, the present invention is concerned with the object of providing a current supply for luminescent diodes which can be adapted in simple manner to different LEDs. Beyond this, naturally, a good efficiency should also be attained.
This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by means of the features of the independent claims. Advantageous exemplary embodiments, which further develop the concept of the invention, are defined in the dependent claims.
The present invention discloses a regulation circuit in accordance with the preamble of claim 1, which can be adapted in simple manner to the prevailing current demands of an LED.
With the employment of the switching principle in accordance with the invention, also a plurality of luminescent diodes connected in series can be connected to low voltages of more than 30 W. The regulation circuit thereby acts as a constant current source.
The process realized with the aid of this regulation circuit works in accordance with a transformer principle, with which there flows through the LED a triangular current periodically varying around a d.c. current value. Thereby, with the aid of a circuitry provision, it is provided that both the charging and also the discharging current of an inductive reactance connected in series to the luminescent diodes as a storage choke flows as diode current through the luminescent diodes. The advantage of this procedure consists in a reduction of the overall power losses of the LED illumination module.
Below, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the following, the functions of the component groups contained in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in
In
However, the invention can just as well be employed for the control of other configurations of LEDs and in particular an individual LED.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the heat conducting ceramic circuit board 102 of the LED illumination module 100 has a direct mains current supply, consisting of a mains part 104 and a connection cable, plug and/or socket 108 for connection to an a.c. current mains led out of the mains part 104 to the side. The luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN are accommodated, for protection from mechanical damage, in a transparent housing 106 having a highly transparent polymer mass 110 serving as optically active lens surface.
For attaining a bundled homogeneous light distribution in the region of the main emission directions of the individual luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN, the LED illumination module 100 in accordance with the invention further has so-called Fresnel lenses in the form of a lens plate which is positioned centrally above each luminescent diode D1, . . . , DN within the transparent housing, and adhesively fixed at the side.
In order to avoid the occurrence of air bubbles on the side of the circuit board 102 on which the luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN are applied, upon casting of the highly transparent polymeric mass 110 within the transparent housing 106, holes are provided in the circuit board 102. In the production of the LED illumination module 100 the individual unhoused LED diodes D1, . . . , DN are, within the framework of an injection molding process or another suitable molding process directly injected around with the highly transparent polymer mass 110. Thereby, the polymer mass 110 is of a thermally good conducting material, which acts in an electrically insulating manner.
Since white light cannot be generated with the aid of individual luminescent diodes there is provided in accordance with the invention the addition of a color conversion medium into the polymer mass 110 in the region of the main emission direction above the position of the monochromatic photon radiation of the luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN emitting in the spectral range of the color blue.
Due to the space saving arrangement of the employed components and the employment of the above-mentioned efficient COB production process, the structural height of the overall arrangement of the LED illumination module 100 in accordance with the invention is not more than for example 1.0 cm.
In accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the basic invention, the individual luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN are dimmable, whereby for dimming the brightness of the photon radiation emitted from them a control via radio or infrared signals or via a microcontroller connected to a bus is conceivable.
For ensuring a direct mains current supply of the circuit board 102, the mains part 104 can in accordance with the invention be operated in a voltage input range from 100V to 277V. Thereby it can also be provided that the mains part 104 can be operated with a.c. voltage and also with d.c. voltage and along with the operation of individual LEDs can be employed for operation with serial connected and also for operation with parallel connected luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN.
The inner sides of the transparent housing 106 (with the exception of the light emitting regions) are, in accordance with the invention, of a thermally good conducting material that on the outside, used for heat discharge, is covered with an electrically non-conducting material. Thereby, the transparent housing 106 can be contacted with the aid of a plug, socket and/or connection cable 108 led out of the housing to the side.
In accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the basic invention it is provided that around each individual luminescent diode D1, . . . , DN, formed as LED die, a parabolic or funnel-shaped reflector of a reflector plate of a thermally good conducting highly reflecting material, which reflector plate is electrically insulated on the underside, is placed on the circuit board 102 from above. Each individual reflector thereby is of a plastic with mirrored inner side.
The rear side of the circuit board 102 is, in accordance with the invention, coupled to a cooling body, which serves for transferring the discharge heat arising upon operation of the LED illumination module 100 to the housing 106 or to a holder (not shown).
With reference to
Via a rectifier full-bridge circuit V1, the positive and/or mains half-waves of the a.c. current INetz delivered from a current supply mains are rectified. At the storage capacitor C1, connected with the earth node, at the output of the rectifier full bridge V1 there is thus applied a smoothed and rectified intermediate circuit voltage UC1 varying with the mains voltage Unetx.
After the application of a suitably dimensioned control voltage UG to the gate of a first semiconductor power switch M1, for example realized as a self-blocking n-channel MOS field effect transistor, this first electronically controllable switching stage is electrically conducting, so that a drain current begins to flow, which as a consequence of the storage choke L1 acting as an energy store, continuously increases and flows as diode current ID through the luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN. The rise of this diode current ID upon charging of the storage choke L1 is detected by a first low-voltage shunt measurement resistance R5, which at the same time is arranged in the load circuit of the first power switch M1 and in the control circuit of the second power switch Q1 and is connected with the earth node. Along with the two power switches M1 and Q1, in accordance with the invention, a time-dependent control for switching over between the charging and discharging processes occurring in the storage choke L1 may be provided.
This shunt measurement resistance R5 may thereby preferably be constituted as a potentiometer for dimming the light intensity IV [mcd] (i.e. the brightness), proportional to the diode current ID [mA], of the photon radiation emitted from the luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN.
Now, as soon as the base-emitter voltage UBE of a second electronically controllable switching stage Q1, formed e.g. as a bipolar npn transistor, reaches in certain switching threshold, the semiconductor power switch Q1 becomes electrically conducting, so that a collector current IC begins to flow and the gate voltage UG of the first electronically controllable switching stage M1 temporally sinks to a “low” level, through which the switching stage M1 is in turn blocked for a short time. This has the consequence that the diode current ID built up via the storage choke L1 is diverted through a free-running diode DF and a second low-voltage shunt measurement resistance R4, connected in series to the free-running diode, in the branch parallel to the series connection of the luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN and the inductive reactance XL1.
With the aid of this relatively simple circuitry measure a danger to the first semiconductor power transistor M1 due to the induction voltage UL1 dropped at the inductive reactance XL1 upon switching off of the drain current ID (upon blocking of the M1), which can amount to a multiple of the operating voltage, is avoided.
The voltage UR4 dropping at the low-resistance shunt measurement resistor R4 thereby serves for the detection of the decay of the diode current ID through the luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN, in the free-running current path, which is bonded to a minimum value by means of the switching threshold of the second electronically controllable switching stage Q1.
After feedback of the diode current ID flowing through the luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN, tapped at the second measurement resistor R4, to the control input of the first switching stage M1 via a signal transfer member U1 for galvanic decoupling (potential separation) of the voltage UR4 dropping at the second measurement resistance R4 and the gate voltage UG of the first switching stage M1, this transferred, decaying diode current ID acts as a “new” gate current IG. This has the consequence that the gate voltage UG of the first electronically controllable switching stage M1 remains at the level value “low” and thus the switching stage M1 remains blocked for so long until the current flow through the signal transfer member U1 has fallen below a certain threshold. After the switching stage M1 has begun again to conduct, the above described procedure is continued in a periodically recurring sequence.
With the process in accordance with the invention, thus both the charging and also the discharging current IL1 of the inductive reactance XL1 flow as diode current ID through the arrangement of the serially connected luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN of the LED illumination module 100 in accordance with the invention, so that there is provided a triangular current swinging periodically around a middle value.
The signal transfer member U1 employed in the feedback branch of the current ID flowing through the luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN, tapped off at the second measurement resistance R4, to the control input of the first switching stage M1, which member is employed for galvanic decoupling (potential separation) of the voltage UR4 dropping at the second measurement resistance R4 and the control voltage UG of the first switching stage M1, may thereby be formed preferably as opto-coupler diode (c.f.
In the realization of the second variant of the regulation circuit 200b in accordance with the invention, with level or potential offset stage U1, there are needed, additionally to the components necessary for the first variant 200a with opto-coupler diode, two transistor stages T1 and T2 and a voltage divider which is formed by means of the two resistances R6 and R7.
In
The d.c. current offset, forming the middle value of the obtained diode current ID, can be set by means of suitable dimensioning of the two shunt measurement resistances R4, R5, in order to adapt the current source to the LED concerned. In this way an economical adaptation of the diode current ID to differing LEDs is made possible without additional circuitry measures.
In contrast to conventional capacitive mains parts in accordance with the state of the art, the solution in accordance with the invention is substantially more space saving. Beyond this, also application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), having a comparatively small space requirement, are conceivable.
No.
Circuitry symbol
100
LED light strip system, comprised of an arrangement of a
plurality of luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN connected in series,
fed via a current supply mains with a.c. current Inetz, which are
applied to a circuit board as LED dice in a “Chip-On-Board”
(COB) technology
102
Heat conductive ceramic circuit board
104
Mains part for ensuring a direct mains current supply of the
circuit board 104
106
Transparent housing for protection of the circuit board 102, and
the luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN mounted thereon as LED
dice, from mechanical damage
108
Connection cable, plug and/or socket for connection to an AC
current mains, led out to the side from the supply part 104
110
Highly transparent polymer mass, placed in the transparent
housing 108, serving as optically active lens surface
200a
First variant of the regulation circuit in accordance with the
invention for making available a regulated current supply for an
arrangement of a plurality of luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN of a
LED light strip system 100, connected in series, applied to a
circuit board 102 as LED dice, fed with a.c. current INETZ via a
current supply mains, in which the signal transfer member
employed in the feedback branch for galvanic decoupling
(potential separation) is realized as an opto-coupler diode
200b
Second variant of the regulation circuit in accordance with the
invention for making available a regulated current supply for an
arrangement of a plurality of luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN of a
LED light strip system 100, connected in series, applied to a
circuit board 102 as LED dice, fed with a.c. current INETZ via a
current supply mains, in which the signal transfer member
employed in the feedback branch for galvanic decoupling
(potential separation) is realized as a level offset or potential
offset stage.
300
Temporal development of the current ID, flowing through a
plurality of series-connected high power luminescent diodes
D1, . . . , DN of such an LED light strip system, after carrying out
the process in accordance with the invention for regulated
current supply for such an arrangement
C1
Storage capacitor for making available a smoothed and
rectified intermediate circuit voltage UC1 (varying with the
mains voltage UNETZ) at the output of the rectifier full bridge V1
D1,
High power luminescent diodes (LEDs) of a LED light strip
. . . ,
system, connected in series, applied to a circuit board as LED
DN
dice, realized within the scope of a “Chip-On-Board” (COB)
technology
DF
Free-running diode, connected in parallel to the series
connection of the high power luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN and
the inductive reactance XL1 in the load circuit, for avoiding a
danger to the first semiconductor power transistor M1 due to
the induction voltage UL1, which can amount to a multiple of
the operating voltage, dropping at the inductive reactance XL1
upon switching off of the drain current (ID) (in the case of a
blocking of M1)
M1
First electronically controllable semiconductor power switch,
realized as field effect transistor (FET) e.g. as self-blocking
n-channel MOSFET having the control voltage UG
Q1
Second electronically controllable semiconductor power
switch, realized as bipolar npn-transistor having the control
voltage UBE
R1
Low voltage charge/discharge resistance in the branch parallel
to the series circuit of the high power luminescent diodes
D1, . . . , DN and the inductive reactance XL1
R2
Effective resistance of the ballast choke L1
R3
Series resistance in the control circuit of the bipolar
npn-transistor Q1
R4
Second low voltage shunt measurement resistance (“shunt”) -
connected in series to the free-running diode DF - for detecting
the decay of diode current ID in the free-running current path,
i.e. in the branch parallel to the series connection of the high
power luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN and the storage choke, the
diode current flowing through the high power luminescent
diodes D1, . . . , DN and the storage choke L1 during a discharge
process occurring in the storage choke L1, the decay being
limited to a minimum value with the aid of the first switching
stage M1,
R5
First low voltage shunt measurement resistance (“shunt”) for
detecting the increase of diode current ID flowing through the
high power luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN, which increase is
restricted to a maximum value with the aid of the second
switching stage Q1, the shunt preferably realized as a settable
resistor (potentiometer) for brightness dimming of the high
power luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN, which at the same time is
arranged in the load circuit of the first power switch M1 and
the control circuit of the second power switch Q1, and is also
connected with the ground node
R6
First resistance of a voltage divider consisting of R6 and R7 for
the level or potential offset stage provided as signal transfer
member U1 within the scope of the second variant of the
regulation circuit 200b in accordance with the invention
R7
Second resistance of a voltage divider consisting of R6 and R7
for the level or potential offset stage provided as signal transfer
member U1 within the scope of the second variant of the
regulation circuit 200b in accordance with the invention
T1
First transistor stage, realized as bipolar pnp transistor, for the
level or potential offset stage provided within the scope of the
second variant of the regulation circuit 200b in accordance with
the invention as signal transfer member U1
T2
Second transistor stage, realized as bipolar npn transistor, for
the level or potential offset stage provided within the scope of
the second variant of the regulation circuit 200b in accordance
with the invention as signal transfer member U1
U1
Signal transfer member in the feedback branch of the current ID
flowing through the power luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN,
tapped off at the second measurement resistance R4, to the
control input of the first switching stage M1, the member for
galvanic decoupling (potential separation) of the voltage UR4
dropped at the second measurement resistant R4 and the
control voltage UG of the first switching stage M1, realized as
opto-coupler diode (c.f. FIG. 2a) or as level or potential offset
stage (c.f. FIG. 2b)
V1
Rectifier full bridge for rectifying the positive and/or negative
half-waves of the a.c. current INETZ delivered from a current
supply mains
XL1
Inductive reactance of a coil L1, as ballast choke for filtering of
harmonics, connected in series to the high power luminescent
diodes D1, . . . , DN, for extending the current flow duration of
the current flowing through the high power luminescent diodes
D1, . . . , DN
Z1
Zener diode as voltage limiter for stabilization of the input
voltage UZ1 at the output terminals 3 and 4 of the opto-coupler
diode, level or potential offset stage U1
μP
Microprocessor for regulating the series resistor R3, constituted
as a potentiometer for the purpose of dimming the high power
luminescent diodes D1, . . . , DN
Tasch, Stefan, Zimmerman, Michael, Tobler, Felix
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| Jul 14 2006 | Tridonic Optoelectronics GmbH | (assignment on the face of the patent) | / | |||
| Jul 14 2006 | Knobel AG Lichttechnische Komponenten | (assignment on the face of the patent) | / |
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