One embodiment of a light-emitting diode (led) optic comprises a light-transmitting element having a plurality of segments, each segment associated with an optical axis and comprising a linearly projected cross-section. For each segment of the light-transmitting element, the led optic comprises at least one led positioned such that a central light-emitting axis of the at least one led is angled at about 0° relative to the optical axis associated with that segment. In one embodiment, the about 0° has a tolerance of ±10°. Each segment of the light-transmitting element comprises a light-entering surface, a light-exiting surface and a light-reflecting surface. In one embodiment, for each segment the at least one led comprises a plurality of leds.
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1. A light-emitting diode (led) optic, comprising:
a light-transmitting element having a plurality of segments, each segment having an optical axis and a linear extrusion axis and comprising a cross-section that is projected along a portion of the linear extrusion axis; and
for each segment, at least one led positioned such that a central light-emitting axis of the at least one led is angled at about 0° relative to the optical axis associated with that segment, wherein a light emitted by the at least one led has a beam spread of approximately 3 degrees, wherein the beam spread is approximately 1.5 degrees on either side of a plane containing the optical axis,
wherein a plurality of the linear extrusion axes associated with the plurality of segments is angled relative to each other such that light from said plurality of segments is emitted outward over a 360° angular distribution from a central axis of the led optic.
10. A method for transmitting light, comprising:
arranging a plurality of segments of a light-transmitting element relative to each other, each segment associated with an optical axis and a linear extrusion axis and comprising a cross-section that is projected along a portion of the linear extrusion axis;
for each segment, positioning at least one light-emitting diode (led) such that a central light-emitting axis of the at least one led is angled at about 0° relative to the optical axis associated with that segment; and
transmitting light from the at least one led, wherein the light transmitted by the at least one led has a beam spread of approximately 3 degrees, wherein the beam spread is approximately 1.5 degrees on either side of a plane containing the optical axis,
wherein a plurality of the linear extrusion axes associated with the plurality of segments are angled relative to each other such that light from said plurality of segments is transmitted outward over a 360° angular distribution from a central axis.
18. A reflector optic, comprising:
a plurality of light-transmitting means, each light-transmitting means being associated with an optical axis and a linear extrusion axis and comprising a means for transmitting light through a cross-section projected along a portion of the linear extrusion axis; and
for each light-transmitting means, at least one light source means positioned such that a central light-emitting axis of the at least one light source means is angled at about 0° relative to the optical axis associated with that light-transmitting means, wherein a light emitted by the at least one light source means has a beam spread of approximately 3 degrees, wherein the beam spread is approximately 1.5 degrees on either side of a plane containing the optical axis,
wherein a plurality of the linear extrusion axes associated with the plurality of light-transmitting means are angled relative to each other such that light from said plurality of light-transmitting means is emitted outward over a 360° angular distribution from a central axis of the reflector optic.
2. The led optic of
3. The led optic of
4. The led optic of
5. The led optic of
where z is a coordinate along an axis parallel to the optical axis, y is a coordinate on an axis perpendicular to both the optical axis and an extrusion axis, k is a conic constant, c is a curvature, and F(y) is a variable function, such that a zero value for F(y) produces a conic cross-sectional shape for the at least one light-reflecting surface and a non-zero value for F(y) produces a modified conic cross-sectional shape for the at least one light-reflecting surface.
7. The led optic of
9. The led optic of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
20. The reflector optic of
21. The reflector optic of
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This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/300,770, filed on Dec. 15, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, and which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/069,989, filed on Mar. 3, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,160,004 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a light source, and more particularly to a light-emitting diode (LED)-based beacon light.
2. Description of the Related Art
A beacon light such as, for example, an aircraft obstruction light, can be used to mark an obstacle that may provide a hazard to aircraft navigation. Beacon lights are typically used on buildings, towers, and other structures taller than about 150 feet. Previous beacon lights generally exhibit relatively poor energy efficiency, which can prohibit the use of solar panels to power the beacon light. Previous beacon lights may also contribute to light pollution, i.e., direct light at angles undesirably above and below a specified plane. Previous beacon lights may also be too large and heavy for climbers to carry and therefore may require additional machinery or manpower to be hoisted into position.
Various deficiencies of the prior art are addressed by the present invention, one embodiment of which is a beacon light having a light-emitting diode (LED) optic. One embodiment of the light-emitting diode (LED) optic comprises a light-transmitting element having a plurality of segments, each segment associated with an optical axis and comprising a linearly projected cross-section. For each segment of the light-transmitting element, the LED optic comprises a plurality of LEDs positioned such that a central light-emitting axis of each LED is angled at about 0° relative to the optical axis associated with that segment. In one embodiment, the about 0° has a tolerance of ±10°. Each segment of the light-transmitting element comprises a light-entering surface, a light-exiting surface and a light-reflecting surface.
One embodiment of a method comprises arranging a plurality of segments of a light-transmitting element relative to each other, each segment associated with an optical axis and comprising a linearly projected cross-section. For each segment of the light-transmitting element, the method comprises positioning a plurality of LEDs such that a central light-emitting axis of each LED is angled at about 0° relative to the optical axis associated with that segment. In one embodiment, the about 0° has a tolerance of ±10°. The method also comprises transmitting light from the plurality of LEDs. The method further comprises providing a light-entering surface, a light-exiting surface and a light-reflecting surface of each segment of the light-transmitting element.
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures.
Each reflecting surface 32 comprises a cross-section 40 (as depicted in
Each reflecting surface 32 has an associated optical axis 36. In one embodiment, each reflecting surface 32 reflects a beam of light having an angular distribution horizontally symmetric to the associated optical axis 36, i.e. symmetric about the associated optical axis 36 in directions along the extrusion axis 44.
For each reflecting surface 32, the LED reflector optic 24 comprises at least one associated LED 52. The LED 52 has a central light-emitting axis 56, and typically emits light in a hemisphere centered and concentrated about the central light-emitting axis 56. The LED 52 is positioned relative to the associated reflecting surface 32 such that the central light-emitting axis 56 of the LED 52 is angled at a predetermined angle θA relative to the optical axis 36 associated with the reflecting surface 32. In a preferred embodiment, θA has a value of about 90°. In one embodiment, the about 90° has a tolerance of ±30°, i.e., from 60° to 120°.
In one embodiment, for a specific reflecting surface 32 and associated LED 52, the central light-emitting axis 56 of the LED 52, the optical axis 36 associated with the reflecting surface 32, and the extrusion axis 44 of the reflecting surface 32 form orthogonal axes of a 3-axes linear coordinate system. Namely, the central light-emitting axis 56, the optical axis 36, and the extrusion axis 44 are mutually perpendicular.
In one embodiment, for each reflecting surface 32, the LED reflector optic 24 comprises a plurality of associated LEDs 52. In one embodiment, the plurality of associated LEDs 52 are arranged along a line, as depicted in
The light emitted from the beacon light 20 has a predetermined beam spread θD, as depicted in
The plurality of reflecting surfaces 32 of the reflector 28 are arranged so that each of the associated extrusion axes 44 is angled relative to the extrusion axis 44 of another reflecting surface 32. In one embodiment, the plurality of extrusion axes 44 occupy a single plane and intersect each other to outline a polygon. Namely, a top view cross-section of the reflector comprises a perimeter which is a polygon.
Although
In one embodiment, each horizontal angular distribution of reflected light associated with a specific reflecting surface 32 overlaps the horizontal angular distribution of reflected light associated with an adjacent reflecting surface 32.
In one embodiment, the intersection of the plurality of extrusion axes 44 does not necessarily outline a polygon. In one embodiment, light emitted from the LED reflector optic 24 does not have a 360° angular distribution relative to the central axis 88 of the reflector 28. Such an embodiment may instead achieve, for example, a 180° angular distribution.
In one embodiment, the plurality of reflecting surfaces 32 of the segmented reflector 28 are connected together.
The utilization of light emitted by the LED 52 by one embodiment of the LED reflector optic 24 provides an advantage of the present invention. To further understand this advantage, the utilization of light by one embodiment of the LED reflector optic 24 can be compared to the utilization of light in an alternative relative positioning of the LED 52 and the reflecting surface 32.
Thus,
Furthermore, the embodiment of the LED reflector optic 24 depicted in
The utilization of light by the embodiment of the LED reflector optic 24 depicted in
An exemplary illustration of another advantage provided by an aspect of the present invention is depicted in
By comparison,
By comparison, if the reflector is revolved, i.e. having the cross-section projected along the curved trajectory 48, as in the embodiment of the reflector 30 depicted in
Thus, the embodiment of the reflector 28 having the projection of the cross-section 40 of the reflecting surface 32 along the linear extrusion axis 44 provides increased collimation of reflected light in comparison to the alternative reflector 30 having the alternative reflecting surface 34. However, the present invention nonetheless provides other advantages, and thus in one embodiment, as depicted in
The LED reflector optic 24 and the beacon light 20 of the present invention provide a more efficient optical system. This more efficient optical system results in smaller and lighter devices with lower energy consumption and less light pollution. The more efficient optical system also enables greater use of solar power to power the LED reflector optic 24 and the beacon light 20.
In one embodiment, the reflecting surface 32 comprises at least one of: a metal or a reflective material. For example, in one embodiment the reflecting surface 32 comprises a reflectorized surface such as, for example, a surface comprising a layered polymer which reflects light.
In another embodiment, depicted in
Other embodiments are also provided in which the LED reflector optic 24 comprises at least one of: glass, plastic or a transparent material. In one embodiment, the LED reflector optic 24 has a light transmitting element 96 comprising the at least one of: glass, plastic or a transparent material. The LED reflector optic 24 having the light transmitting element 96 also comprises at least one LED 52 positioned relative to the light transmitting element 96. In one embodiment, the at least one LED 52 comprises a plurality of LEDs 52.
The light-transmitting element 96 has a light-entering surface 100, a light-reflecting surface 101, and a light-exiting surface 102. The light-entering surface 100 receives light from the associated plurality of LEDs 52. The light-reflecting surface 101 reflects light traveling through the light-transmitting element 96 by an internal reflection mechanism. Namely, the light-reflecting surface 101 reflects light arriving from inside the light-transmitting element 96 at the light-reflecting surface 101 back into the light-transmitting element 96. The light-exiting surface 102 emits light from the light-transmitting element 96 which is received by the light-transmitting element 96 at the light-entering surface 100 and travels through the light-transmitting element 96. At least a portion of the light emitted from the light-exiting surface 102 is internally reflected by the light-reflecting surface 101.
The light-transmitting element 96 emits light from the light-exiting surface 102 about the optical axis 36 associated with the light-transmitting element 96. In the embodiment depicted in
The light-transmitting element 96 has a constant cross-section 98 which is linearly projected for a predetermined distance along the extrusion axis 44. In the embodiment depicted in
Aspects of the embodiment of the light-transmitting element 96 depicted in
The light-entering surface 100 and the light-exiting surface 102 of the light-transmitting element 96 have shapes selected to provide predetermined optical characteristics such as concentrating and collimating of the light emitted by the light-transmitting element 96. Optionally, the light-entering surface 100 comprises a plurality of surfaces (e.g., 100a, 100b, and 100c) which collectively receive the light from the plurality of LEDs 52. Similarly, the light-exiting surface 102 optionally comprises a plurality of surfaces (e.g., 102b and 102c) which collectively emit light from the light-transmitting element 96.
Although
In some embodiments, at least one of the light-entering surface 100 or the light-exiting surface 102 refract light traveling through these surfaces. In other embodiments, however, the light-entering surface 100 and the light-exiting surface 102 provide little or no refraction of the light entering or exiting. For example, the embodiment of the light-entering surface 100b depicted in
In one embodiment of the LED reflector optic 24, the central light-emitting axis 56 of the at least one LED 52 is angled relative to the optical axis 36 associated with the light-transmitting element 96 at angles which do not fall under the range of about 0° with a tolerance of ±10°. In such embodiments, the shapes of the light-entering surface 100, light-reflecting surface 101 and light-exiting surface 102 can be adjusted to provide emitted light from the light-transmitting element 96 about the optical axis 36 and having desirable optical characteristics.
In one embodiment, the light-transmitting element 96 is a segmented light transmitting element 96 having a plurality of segments 96a.
Each segment 96a of the segmented light-transmitting element 96 has an associated optical axis 36 and extrusion axis 44. In embodiments of the LED reflector optic 24 comprising the segmented light-transmitting element 96, each segment 96a is associated with at least one LED 52 having a central light emitting axis 56. In one embodiment, the associated at least one LED 52 comprises a plurality of LEDs 52. Each segment 96a of the segmented light-transmitting element 96 emits light from that segment's light-exiting surface 102 about the optical axis 36 associated with that segment 96a. In the embodiment of the LED reflector optic 24 depicted in
The embodiment of the segmented light-transmitting element 96 depicted in
The plurality of segments 96a of the segmented light-transmitting element 96 are arranged so that each of the associated extrusion axes 44 is angled relative to the extrusion axis 44 of another segment 96a. In one embodiment, extrusion axes 44 associated with adjacent segments 96a are angled relative to each other at non-zero angles. In one embodiment, a top view cross-section of the segmented light-transmitting element 96 comprises a perimeter which is a polygon. For example, in the embodiment depicted in
The collective light-exiting surface 102 of each segment 96a emits light which is horizontally and vertically symmetric about the optical axis 36 associated with that segment 96a. In one embodiment, each horizontal angular distribution of emitted light associated with a specific segment 96a of the segmented light-transmitting element 96 overlaps the horizontal angular distribution of emitted light associated with an adjacent segment 96a. In one embodiment, the light emitted from each segment 96a overlaps the light emitted from adjacent segments 96a to form an overall emission of light from the light-transmitting element 96 which has a more uniform intensity profile versus horizontal angular displacement than the individual intensity profiles of light emitted from the individual segments 96a.
Although
The segmented light-transmitting element 96 advantageously provides increased collimation of emitted light relative to an alternative light-transmitting element which has a cross-section projected along a curved trajectory instead of along the linear extrusion axis 44. This increased collimation provided by the segmented light-transmitting element 96 is similar to the increased collimation provided by the segmented reflector 28 in comparison to the alternative reflecting surface 34 having a cross-section that is projected along the curved trajectory 48, as discussed in regards to
The light-reflecting surface 104 may comprise at least one of: a conic or a substantially conic shape. In one embodiment, the conic shape comprises at least one of: a hyperbola, a parabola, an ellipse, a circle, or a modified conic shape.
In one embodiment, the plurality of LEDs 52 associated with the light-transmitting element 96 or each segment 96a of the segmented light transmitting element 96 are arranged along a line parallel to the associated extrusion axis 44. In one embodiment, the plurality of associated LEDs 52 are staggered about a line. In one embodiment, the plurality of associated LEDs 52 are staggered within ±0.1 inch of a line. In one embodiment, the plurality of LEDs 52 are positioned at the focal distance of the light-reflecting surface 104.
The intensity distribution of light emitted from the LED reflector optic 24 can be adjusted by modifying the specific shape of the reflecting surface 32 or the light-reflecting surface 101. In one embodiment, the shape of the cross-section 40 of the reflecting surface 32 or the shape of the light-reflecting surface 101 is defined by the following equation:
where z is a coordinate along an axis parallel to the optical axis 36, y is a coordinate on an axis perpendicular to both the optical axis and the extrusion axis, k is a conic constant, c is a curvature, and F(y) is a variable function.
In one embodiment, F(y) is equal to zero, and equation (1) provides a conic cross-section. For example, (k<−1) provides a hyperbola, (k=−1) provides a parabola, (−1<k<0) provides an ellipse, (k=0) provides a sphere, and (k>0) provides an oblate sphere, which are all forms of conics. Modifying k and c modifies the shape of the reflecting surface 32 or the light-reflecting surface 101, and thus also modifies the shape of the light intensity distribution reflected by the reflecting surface 32 or the light-reflecting surface 101. The reflected beam may thereby be made more narrow or broad as desired.
In one embodiment, F(y) is not equal to zero, and equation (1) provides a cross-sectional shape which is modified relative to a conic shape by an additional mathematical term or terms. For example, F(y) can be chosen to modify a conic shape to alter the reflected light intensity distribution in some desirable manner. Also, in one embodiment, F(y) can be used to provide a cross-sectional shape which approximates other shapes, or accommodates a tolerance factor in regards to a conic shape. For example, F(y) may be set to provide cross-sectional shape having a predetermined tolerance relative to a conic cross-section. In one embodiment, F(y) is set to provide values of z which are within 10% of the values provided by the same equation but with F(y) equal to zero.
In one embodiment, the specific cross-sectional conic shape of the alternative reflecting surface 34 is defined by the following set of equations:
where x, y, z, c and k are defined as above in regards to equation (1).
In another embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the alternative reflecting surface 34 has a shape which comprises the basic conic shape modified by using additional mathematical terms. For example, in one embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the alternative reflecting surface 34 comprises a polynomial asphere defined by the following set of equations:
wherein x, y, z, k and c are as defined above, and C is a constant.
In another embodiment, the shape of the cross-section 40 of the reflecting surface 32 or the light-reflecting surface 101 is defined by fitting a curve, such as a spline fit, to a set of points. In one embodiment, the spline fit is used to approximate the conic or substantially conic cross-sectional shape of one embodiment of the cross-section 40.
In another embodiment, as depicted in
In one embodiment, the beacon light 20 comprises a plurality of LED reflector optics 24. For example,
A method of using the LED reflector optic 24 or the beacon light 20 comprises arranging a plurality of the reflecting surfaces 32 relative to each other, each of the plurality of reflecting surfaces 32 comprising the linearly projected cross-section 40. The method also comprises positioning at least one LED 52 relative to at least one of the plurality of reflecting surfaces 32, wherein the positioning step angles the central light-emitting axis 56 of the at least one LED 52 relative to at least one optical axis 36 associated with the plurality of reflecting surfaces 32 at about 90°. The method also comprises transmitting light from the at least one LED 52 to the at least one of the plurality of reflecting surfaces 32. In one embodiment of the method, the about 90° has a tolerance of ±30°.
In one embodiment of the method, the at least one LED 52 comprises a plurality of LEDs 52, the at least one optical axis 36 comprises a plurality of optical axes 36, and the positioning step comprises positioning each of the plurality of LEDs 52 relative to a respective one of the plurality of optical axes 36 at about 90°. In one embodiment of the method, each reflecting surface 32 comprises a cross-section 40 projected along a linear extrusion axis 44, and the arranging step comprises arranging the plurality of reflecting surfaces 32 relative to each other so that a plurality of the linear extrusion axes 44 are angled relative to each other.
In one embodiment, the reflector optic 24 comprises a plurality of reflecting means 32 for reflecting light in the direction of at least one optical axis 36, each reflecting means 32 comprising a means for receiving light along a linearly projected cross-section 40. The optic also comprises at least one light emitting means 52 for emitting a hemisphere of light, the at least one light emitting means 52 positioned such that a central light-emitting axis 56 of the at least one light emitting means 52 is angled relative to the at least one optical axis 36 at about 90°. In one embodiment of the optic 24, the about 90° has a tolerance of ±30°.
The present invention has been generally described within the context of the LED reflector optic 24 and the beacon light 20. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while the invention has specific utility within the context of the LED reflector optic 24 and the beacon light 20, the invention has broad applicability to any light system.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. Various embodiments presented herein, or portions thereof, may be combined to create further embodiments. Furthermore, terms such as top, side, bottom, front, back, and the like are relative or positional terms and are used with respect to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures, and as such these terms may be interchangeable.
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