A femoral fracture treatment device including: an intramedullary pin (1) with a central longitudinal axis (2) and a passage (5) of non-circular cross-section (6) through a proximal portion (4) of the pin oblique to the longitudinal axis (2), a sliding sleeve (10) configured to pass through the non-circular passage (5), a longitudinal bone fixing element (20) having a head portion (22) with fixing means (23) for engaging the femoral head and a shaft (24) that may be coaxially introduced into the sliding sleeve (10). Both an external jacket surface (14) of the sliding sleeve (10) and an internal jacket surface (15) of the sliding sleeve (10) have non-circular cross-sections at least in a partial section. The shaft (24) is rotatably mounted in the longitudinal bore (13) of the sliding sleeve (10), and locking means are provided at the free end (27) of the shaft (24), such that rotation of the longitudinal bone fixing element (20) relative to the sliding sleeve (10) can be optionally locked or released.
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14. A device for the treatment of femoral fractures comprising:
an intramedullary nail having a central longitudinal axis, a distal portion configured and dimensioned for insertion into the medullary canal of a femur, a proximal portion, and a passage through the proximal portion, the passage fanning an oblique angle with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the nail;
a sliding sleeve configured and dimensioned for insertion through the passage in the nail, the sleeve having a central longitudinal bore, a first end, a second end, an external jacket surface, and an internal jacket surface, where at least a portion of the external jacket surface of the sliding sleeve and the passage are configured and adapted to prevent rotation of the sliding sleeve with respect to the nail while permitting translation of the sliding sleeve with respect to the nail; and
a bone fixation element having a longitudinal axis, a bone engaging portion, and a shaft portion configured and dimensioned for insertion into the central longitudinal bore of the sliding sleeve,
wherein the shaft portion of the bone fixation element is configured and adapted to be freely rotatable with respect to the sliding sleeve when received through the sliding sleeve in a first position and rotationally locked with respect to the sliding sleeve when received through the sliding sleeve in a second position.
1. A device for the treatment of femoral fractures comprising:
an intramedullary nail having a central longitudinal axis, a proximal portion, a distal portion configured and dimensioned for insertion into the medullary canal of a femur, and a passage through the proximal portion, the passage having a non-circular cross-section and a central axis that forms a non-perpendicular angle with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the nail;
a sliding sleeve configured and dimensioned for insertion through the passage in the nail, the sleeve having a central longitudinal bore, a first end, a second end, an external jacket surface, and an internal jacket surface, where at least a portion of the external jacket surface of the sliding sleeve has a non-circular cross-section that mates with the non-circular cross-section of the passage to prevent rotation of the sliding sleeve with respect to the nail while permitting translation of the sliding sleeve with respect to the nail; and
a bone fixation element having a longitudinal axis, a head portion configured and adapted to engage bone in the head of the femur, and a shaft portion configured and dimensioned for insertion into the central longitudinal bore of the sliding sleeve,
wherein the shaft portion of the bone fixation element is configured and adapted to be freely rotatable with respect to the sliding sleeve when received through the sliding sleeve in a first position and rotationally locked with respect to the sliding sleeve when received through the sliding sleeve in a second position.
19. A method for treating femoral fractures comprising the steps of:
inserting a first intramedullary implant into the marrow canal of the femur, the first implant having a central longitudinal axis, a distal portion configured and dimensioned for insertion into the medullary canal, a proximal portion, and a passage through the proximal portion, the passage having a non-circular cross-section and a central axis that forms a non-perpendicular angle with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the first implant;
inserting a second implant through the passage in the first implant to engage bone in the femoral head, the second implant including
a sliding sleeve configured and dimensioned for insertion through the passage in the first implant, the sleeve having a central longitudinal bore, and an external jacket surface, where at least a portion of the external jacket surface of the sliding sleeve is configured and adapted to prevent rotation of the sliding sleeve with respect to the first implant while permitting translation of the sliding sleeve with respect to the first implant, and
a bone fixation element having a longitudinal axis, a head portion configured and adapted to engage bone in the head of the femur, and a shaft portion configured and dimensioned for insertion into the central longitudinal bore of the sliding sleeve, wherein the shaft portion of the bone fixation element is configured and adapted to be freely rotatable with respect to the sliding sleeve when received through the sliding sleeve in a first position and rotationally locked with respect to the sliding sleeve when received through the sliding sleeve in a second position; and
moving the shaft portion of the bone fixation element into the second position to prevent rotation of the bone fixation element with respect to the first implant.
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a tightening screw at a free end of the shaft of the bone fixation element, the screw configured to rotate, but not axially translate, with respect to the shaft of the bone fixation element; and
a bush at a first end of the sliding sleeve, the bush configured to axially translate, but not rotate, with respect to the longitudinal bore of the sliding sleeve when engaged by the tightening screw on the shaft of the bone fixation element.
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The present application is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to, International Application No. PCT/CH2003/000630, filed Sep. 18, 2003, the entire content of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto.
The invention concerns a device for the treatment of femoral fractures.
Devices, whereby a securing of the femoral head against rotation is attempted by a single hip screw, i.e. a longitudinal bone fixing means, are already known. From EP 0 441 577, for example, a device is known that has a sleeve accommodating the hip screw in a sliding manner, while the sleeve can be secured against rotation in the intramedullary pin by a locking screw proximally introduced into the intramedullary pin. The shaft of the hip screw and the bore of the sleeve are, however, not circular, so that the hip screw cannot rotate in the sleeve. However, during the introduction into the head of the femur the hip screw has to be able to rotate. For this reason during implantation the hip screw has to be inserted first and the sliding sleeve only afterwards. There is further the danger that the hip screw moves medially when a compression screw is not additionally employed. A further disadvantage is, that the locking screw has to be introduced from above (cranially) into the intramedullary pin, representing a further operating procedure. Finally, in the case of a potential subsequent removal of the hip screw, a relatively great intervention is required to release the locking screw, screwed proximally into the intramedullary pin, in one step prior to removing the hip screw.
Furthermore, from U.S. Pat. No. 5,454,813 to Lawes, an intramedullary pin with a hip screw and a sliding sleeve is known, wherein the transition in the intramedullary pin, the external and internal profile of the sliding sleeve, and the shaft of the hip screw have a non-circular construction. Consequently, the sliding sleeve acts as an anti-rotational means between the hip screw and the intramedullary pin. This known device has the disadvantage that the prior introduced hip screw has to be rotated again one way or another during the assembly of the sliding sleeve, until it is so aligned that the non-circular cross-sections of the shaft, the external and internal profiles of the sliding sleeve and of the passage allow the introduction of the sliding sleeve. This means a time-consuming adjustment for the surgeon. A further disadvantage of this device is that a medial movement can be prevented only with an additional component (tension adjuster).
The purpose of the preceding discussion of the state-of-the-art is merely to explain the field of the invention and is not an admission that the state-of-the-art quoted has actually been published or is public knowledge at the time of this application.
This is where the invention wants to provide a remedy. The invention is based on the problem to produce a device for the treatment of bone fractures, particularly of proximal femoral fractures, that does not require elaborate adjusting steps by the surgeon during the implanting and allows a simply lockable and releasable form-locking locking of the rotation between the longitudinal bone fixing element (e.g., a hip screw or helical blade) and the intramedullary pin.
The invention achieves the objective set by a device for the treatment of femoral fractures comprising an intramedullary pin/nail having a central longitudinal axis, a distal portion configured and dimensioned for insertion into the medullary canal of a femur, a proximal portion, and a passage through the proximal portion, the passage having a non-circular cross-section and a central axis that forms a non-perpendicular angle with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the nail. A sliding sleeve is configured and dimensioned for insertion through the passage in the nail, the sleeve having a central longitudinal bore, a first end, a second end, an external jacket surface, and an internal jacket surface, where at least a portion of the external jacket surface of the sliding sleeve has a non-circular cross-section that mates with the non-circular cross-section of the passage to prevent rotation of the sliding sleeve with respect to the nail while permitting translation of the sliding sleeve with respect to the nail. A bone fixation element has a longitudinal axis, and includes a head portion configured and adapted to engage bone in the head of the femur, and a shaft portion configured and dimensioned for insertion into the central longitudinal bore of the sliding sleeve. The shaft portion of the bone fixation element is configured and adapted to be freely rotatable with respect to the sliding sleeve when in a first position and rotationally locked with respect to the sliding sleeve when in a second position.
The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially that as a result of the device according to the invention:
In a preferred embodiment, the locking means comprises a tightening screw, that is axially fixed, yet rotatably connected, with the shaft, by means of a bush that can be axially displaced in the longitudinal bore of the sliding sleeve and can rotate relative to the sliding sleeve. At the front end of the bush and at the free end of the shaft there are preferably means provided which can be engaged by rotation with one another in a form-locking manner.
In another embodiment the means at the front end of the bush and at the free end of the shaft are constructed as complementary spur gears. The following advantages are achieved by this:
In yet another embodiment, at its front end, the tightening screw has an annular bead, while the shaft has a coaxial bore with an undercut accommodating the bead, so that the tightening screw is axially fixed, but rotatably connected with the shaft. The bore and the undercut preferably contain a radial opening, so that the tightening screw can be assembled transversely to the longitudinal axis of the bone fixing element.
In a further embodiment, the non-circular passage is complementary to the non-circular cross-section of the external jacket surface of the sliding sleeve, while the cross-section of the passage, for example, is so constructed that the non-circular cross-section of the passage has circumferential partial sections in the form of partial circular arcs.
In another preferred embodiment, the fixing means of the longitudinal bone fixing element is a helical blade, and preferably a double helical blade. Other embodiments of the fixing means may include a screw thread with a relatively fine pitch, a chisel, a pin, a T-section or a double T-section.
In another embodiment the head portion of the longitudinal bone fixing element is constructed as a multi-start thread, preferably as a four-start thread. Due to this configuration the positioning of the bone fixing element is of no consequence. At the same time the thread of the head portion can have a pitch of at least 50 mm, preferably at least 80 mm. The advantage of this relatively coarse pitch is the higher resistance against the rotation of the bone fixing element. In addition, the bone fixing element, constructed as a helical blade, causes less damage to the bony substance than a conventional hip screw with a relatively fine pitch of the thread. The bone is more compacted than cut by the helical surfaces of the helical blade.
The locking means are preferably so dimensioned, that they act as an axial stop with regard to the passage of the intramedullary pin. This stop prevents excessive medial movement of the bone fixing element.
In another embodiment, the longitudinal bone fixing element is a hip screw.
In yet another embodiment, the longitudinal bone fixing element is a helical blade.
The invention and developments of the invention are explained in detail in the following based on partly schematic illustrations of several embodiments, wherein:
In
The longitudinal bone fixing element 20, in the form of a hip screw or helical blade, has a longitudinal axis 21, a head portion 22 with fixing means 23 in the form of a multi-start thread of relatively coarse pitch, that can engage the femoral head during use, as well as a shaft 24 that can be coaxially introduced into the sliding sleeve 10. The external jacket surface 14 of the sliding sleeve 10 has a non-circular cross-section 17, while the internal jacket surface 15 of the sliding sleeve 10 has a non-circular cross-section 38 only on its rear segment 36 adjoining its rear end 12, and a circular cross-section 18 on a front segment 37 (
As illustrated in
As it is illustrated in
As
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When the locking means 30 (
The tightening screw 70 is axially fixed, yet rotatably connected, with the free end 27 of the shaft 24. As shown in
As it can be seen from
While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that numerous variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be clearly understood that the embodiments of the invention described above are not intended as limitations on the scope of the invention, which is defined only by the following claims.
Frigg, Robert, Widmer, Walter, Hattler, Eric, Barrios, Elena, Küppers, Stephan
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