With a measuring instrument for measuring sample particles moving in a cuvette, for example for measuring a zeta potential or the brownian size the particles, with a filling device for filling and an emptying device for emptying the cuvette mounted on the ends thereof and with devices for irradiating and for monitoring the particles, it is problematical always to position the cuvette correctly or in a defined manner relative to the direction of radiation and to the monitoring device. To resolve this problem, it is proposed that the cuvette member is mounted by means of a cuvette bearing and the filling and the emptying device are fastened exclusively to the cuvette in such a way that the position of the cuvette relative to the surroundings thereof is determined and defined exclusively by the cuvette bearing.
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1. Measuring instrument for measuring sample particles moving in a cuvette (10) to measure a zeta potential or the brownian particle size of the particle, comprising a filling device (20) for filling and an emptying device (30) for emptying the cuvette (10), which are mounted on the ends thereof and with devices (1, 2) for irradiating and for monitoring the particles, the cuvette (10) member (11) is mounted by a cuvette bearing (40) and the filling device and the emptying device (20, 30) are fastened exclusively to the cuvette in such a way that a position of the cuvette (10) relative to the surroundings thereof is determined/defined exclusively by the cuvette bearing (40).
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The invention relates to a measuring instrument according to the preamble to claim 1, in particular a measuring instrument for measuring sample particles moving in a cuvette, for example for measuring their speed and, derived therefrom, their electrophoretic mobility, zeta potential and Brownian particle size, with a filling device for filling and an emptying device for emptying the cuvette, which are mounted at the ends thereof and with devices for irradiating and for monitoring the particles.
The following describes an example of use of a measuring instrument of this kind, wherein it is expressly stressed that the invention does not refer solely to this example of use.
Colloids, emulsions or solid suspensions and mixtures have to be kept stable and homogeneous for the longest possible time. The formulations for these are becoming increasingly complex as the requirements increase. One of the possible methods for stabilising dispersed materials is to optimise electrostatic repulsion between particles of the same type in order to prevent the coagulation of these particles. Another set of problems of interest in this context relates to the targeted destabilisation, and hence separation, of dispersed materials in order to recover the water from the dispersion for the circuit. A large proportion of the measures for separating dispersed materials also involves particle charging, only in this case the charge is brought to zero if possible. However, in all cases it is necessary to know the charge ratios in order to be able to control them. The zeta potential reflects this charge. This can be measured by using a traditional method: microelectrophoresis.
During electrophoresis, electrically charged particles in a suspension or emulsion in an electrophoresis cell in the form of a cuvette are irradiated by means of a laser and by means of a microscope. The images recorded with the microscope are evaluated in order to determine the speed of the particles. The speed of the particles in the electric field is namely a measure for the electric charge whose potential can be depicted as the zeta potential and measured.
A significant problem with measurements of this kind is the exact positioning of the measuring setup or the parts thereof (laser-microscope-cuvette) relative to each other. It is also necessary for the cuvette to be both easy to fill and to clean.
The invention is based on the object of disclosing a measuring instrument of the type described in the introduction in such a way that simple filling and ease of cleaning is facilitated, wherein simultaneously the measuring accuracy should remain very high.
This object is achieved by a measuring instrument according to claim 1.
In particular, the objective is achieved by a measuring instrument of the type described in the introduction in which the cuvette member is mounted by means of a cuvette bearing, wherein the filling and the emptying devices are fastened exclusively to the cuvette in such a way that the position of the cuvette relative to the surroundings thereof is determined or defined exclusively by the cuvette bearing.
Therefore, an essential point of the invention consists in the fact that the generally large and also heavy devices for filling and emptying the cuvette have no influence on the positioning of the actual cuvette. The cuvette is therefore so-to-speak used as a bearing element (contrary to its actual intended function).
Preferably, the filling and/or the emptying devices are fastened detachably to the cuvette for which a fastening device is used. This makes the cuvette easy to clean. This is then particularly simple if the fastening device comprises a quick release lock, in particular a bayonet lock. This also makes it possible to work without tools.
If electrodes are provided (as in the example described above), they can be attached at different points. Preferably, the electrodes are attached to the filling and/or to the emptying device for contact with the sample so that the cuvette can be embodied free of all parts which are disruptive during cleaning.
In a preferred embodiment, the cuvette bearing comprises two force-absorbing partial bearings extending at an angle—in particular a 90° angle—to a longitudinal axis leading through the cuvette. In particular, these can be a vertical partial bearing and a horizontal partial bearing. These partial bearings are preferably embodied as point bearings, which enables particularly precise adjustment. These point bearings can be produced particularly simply and precisely by bearing balls or bearing tips.
One of the two partial bearings comprises three bearing points defining a plane and supports a surface of the cuvette. The other partial bearing comprises two bearing points defining a straight line, wherein this straight line does not extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the cuvette. Preferably, the straight line extends parallel to this longitudinal axis. These two bearing points hold the surface adjacent to the aforementioned first surface of the cuvette in a defined way. The 5-point bearing formed in this way ensures a statically determined bearing perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cuvette. This provides a faultless and reproducibly defined bearing of the cuvette relative to the surroundings thereof that is in particular relative to a laser source and a monitoring microscope.
The device for irradiating (the laser) and the device for monitoring (the microscope) are connected directly or indirectly to each other together with the cuvette bearing for the definition of the positions relative to each other. This makes it possible to repeatedly perform reproducible measurements following the removal and re-installation of the cuvette in the instrument without any further subsequent adjustment.
The following describes an example of an embodiment of the invention in more detail with reference to drawings, which show
In the following description, the same reference numbers are used for identical parts and parts with an identical function.
In
Provided to bear the cuvette 10 is a cuvette bearing 40, which comprises holders 47, 48 fastened to a base plate 46 which are shown as angular here. In
The weight, that is the vertical forces, is intercepted by the balls 44, 44′ forming a vertical partial bearing 41. This causes the position of the cuvette 10 to be clearly defined as far as its position in its longitudinal axis X. The position in the X axis in turn plays no role with reference to the irradiating device 1 and the monitoring device 2 so that here no defined position has to remain secured. The relationships in assembled condition are shown again in
According to
A filling device 20 can be positioned at the right-hand side in
The filling device 20 and the emptying device 30 comprise a first conduction block 25 or a second conduction block 35 in each of which there are hollow spaces 27 or 37. These hollow spaces 27, 37 are sealed from the outside from the lid 23 or 33 which are fastened to the conduction blocks 25, 35 by seals 24 or 34 by means of (not shown here) connecting devices, for example screws.
Electrodes 22 or 32 are fastened to the lids 23, 33 in such a way that they protrude into the hollow spaces 27, 37 in assembled condition, wherein the electrodes 22, 32 are connected via lines leading outward to a voltage source for the generation of an electrophoretically active field.
A supply lead 26 which can be shut-off by a valve 28 discharges into the hollow space 27 and a drainage line 36 discharges into the hollow space 37. As shown in
To clean the cuvette, the whole arrangement (as shown in
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