This invention comprises the novel compounds of formula (I)
##STR00001##
wherein r, t, Y1, Y2, R1, R2, R3, R5, R6 and R7 have defined meanings, having farnesyl transferase inhibiting activity; their preparation, compositions containing them and their use as a medicine.
|
##STR00046##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
##STR00045##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or n-oxide or stereochemically isomeric form thereof,
wherein
r is 0, 1, 2, 3;
t is 0, 1 or 2;
v is 0, 1 or 2;
>Y1—Y2— is a trivalent radical of formula
>C═CR8— (y-2), >CH—CHR8— (y-4), wherein R8 is hydrogen, halo, cyano, c1-6alkyl or hydroxy carbonyl;
R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, nitro, c1-6alkyl, —(CR16R17)p—C3-10cycloalkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, c1-6alkyloxyC1-6alkyl, —C1-6alkyl-NR18R19, trihalomethyl, c1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyloxy, c1-6alkyloxyC1-6alkyloxy, trihalomethoxy, c2-6alkenyl, c2-6alkynyl, —CHO, hydroxycarbonyl, c1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, —CONR18R19 , mono- or di(c1-6alkyl)aminoC1-6alkyloxy, aminoC1-6alkyloxy, —CR15═N—OR16;
two R1 substituents adjacent to one another on the phenyl ring may form together a bivalent radical of formula
—O—CH2—O— (a-1), —O—CH2—CH2—O— (a-2), —O—CH═CH— (a-3), or —O—CH2—CH2— (a-4), wherein R15 and R16 are independently hydrogen or c1-6 alkyl;
R7, R18 and R19 are independently hydrogen, c1-4alkyl, hydroxy or
c1-4alkyloxy;
p is 0 or 1;
R2 is hydrogen, halo, cyano, c1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, c1-6alkyloxyC1-6alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxycarbonyl, c1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, nitro, cyanoC1-6alkyl, c2-6alkenyl, c2-6alkynyl, —CHO, —CR20═N—OR21;
R20 and R21 are independently hydrogen or c1-6 alkyl;
or two R2 substituents adjacent to one another on the phenyl ring may form together a bivalent radical of formula
—O—CH2—O— (a-1), or —O—CH2—CH2—O— (a-2); R3 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, c1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, aminoC1-6alkyl, —C1-6alkyl-CONR18R19, mono- or di(c1-6alkyl)aminoC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, c1-6alkyloxyC1-6alkyl, carbonylC1-6alkyl, hydroxycarbonylC1-6alkyl, c1-6alkyloxycarbonylC1-6alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, c1-6alkyloxycarbonyl or Het1 or a radical of formula
—O—R9 (b-1), —NR10R11 (b-2), or —N═C R9R10 (b-3), wherein R9 is hydrogen, c1-6alkyl or a radical of formula -Alk-OR12 or -Alk-NR13R14;
R10 is hydrogen or c1-12alkyl;
R11 is hydrogen, hydroxy, c1-6alkyl, —(CR16R17)p—C3-10cycloalkyl, c1-6alkyloxy, c1-6alkylcarbonylamino, c1-6alkylcarbonyl, arylC1-6alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, c1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, c1-6alkyloxyC1-6alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonylcarbonyl, Het1c1-6alkylcarbonyl, c1-6alkylaminocarbonyl, mono- or di(c1-6alkyl)aminoC1-6alkylcarbonyl, or a radical of formula -Alk-OR12 or Alk-NR13R14;
wherein Alk is c1-6alkanediyl;
R12 is hydrogen, c1-6alkyl, c1-6alkylcarbonyl or hydroxyC1-6alkyl;
R13 is hydrogen, c1-6alkyl or c1-6alkylcarbonyl;
R14 is hydrogen, c1-6alkyl or c1-6alkylcarbonyl;
R4 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, c1-6alkyl or c1-6alkyloxy;
R5 and R6 together form a trivalent radical of formula:
—N═N—N═ (x-3); R7 is hydrogen, c1-6alkyl or R3 and R7 together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, form a radical of formula c(O);
Het1 is a mono- or bi-cyclic heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen and optionally substituted by one or two substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, c1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, -alkylNR15R16, c1-6alkyloxy, OCF3, hydroxycarbonyl, c1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, —CONR15R16, —NR15R16, c1-6alkylsulfonylamino or phenyl.
2. A compound according to
3. A compound according to
5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and as active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described in
6. A process for the preparation of a compound as claimed in
a) reacting an intermediate of formula (V), in which W represents a reactive group, with an intermediate of formula (III) to form intermediates of formula (VI) and further converting the intermediates of formula (VI) in the presence of sodium azide into quinolinones of formula (I) herein referred to as compounds of formulae (I-b-a) and (I-b-b)
##STR00047##
b) reacting an intermediate of formula (VII) with an intermediate of formula (III) to form intermediate ketones of formula (IX)
##STR00048##
c) and reducing intermediate ketones of formula (IX) with an appropriate reducing agent and further converting these intermediates into quinazolinones of formula (I) herein referred to as compounds of formulae (I-d)
##STR00049##
7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and as active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described in
8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and as active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described in
9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and as active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described in
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This application is a divisional of U.S. Application for patent Ser. No. 10/508,185, filed Sep. 20, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,241,777, which application is the national stage of Application No. PCT/EP03/02874, filed Mar. 18, 2003, which application claims priority from European Patent No. 02076157.3, filed Mar. 22, 2002.
The present invention is concerned with novel (phenyl)methylimidazolyl substituted 2-quinolinone and quinazolinone derivatives, the preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said novel compounds and the use of these compounds as a medicine as well as methods of treatment by administering said compounds.
Oncogenes frequently encode protein components of signal transduction pathways, which lead to stimulation of cell growth and mitogenesis. Oncogene expression in cultured cells leads to cellular transformation, characterized by the ability of cells to grow in soft agar and the growth of cells as dense foci lacking the contact inhibition exhibited by non-transformed cells. Mutation and/or overexpression of certain oncogenes are frequently associated with human cancer. A particular group of oncogenes is known as ras, which have been identified in mammals, birds, insects, mollusks, plants, fungi and yeasts. The family of mammalian ras oncogenes consists of three major members (“isoforms”): H-ras, K-ras and N-ras oncogenes. These ras oncogenes code for highly related proteins generically known as p21ras. Once attached to plasma membranes, the mutant or oncogenic forms of p21ras will provide a signal for the transformation and uncontrolled growth of malignant tumor cells. To acquire this transforming potential, the precursor of the p21ras oncoprotein must undergo an enzymatically catalyzed farnesylation of the cysteine residue located in a carboxyl-terminal tetrapeptide. Therefore, inhibitors of the enzymes that catalyze this modification, i.e. farnesyl transferase, will prevent the membrane attachment of p21ras and block the aberrant growth of ras-transformed tumors. Hence, it is generally accepted in the art that farnesyl transferase inhibitors can be very useful as anticancer agents for tumors in which ras contributes to transformation.
Since mutated oncogenic forms of ras are frequently found in many human cancers, most notably in more than 50% of colon and pancreatic carcinomas (Kohl et al., Science, vol 260, 1834-1837, 1993), it has been suggested that farnesyl tranferase inhibitors can be very useful against these types of cancer.
In WO 97/16443, WO 97/21701, WO 98/40383 and WO 98/49157, there are described 2-quinoline derivatives, which exhibit farnesyl transferase inhibiting activity. WO 00/39082 describes a class of novel 1,2-annelated quinoline compounds, bearing a nitrogen- or carbon-linked imidazole, which show farnesyl protein transferase and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibiting activity. Other quinolinone compounds having farnesyl transferase inhibiting activity are described in WO 00/12498, WO 00/12499, WO 00/47574 and WO 01/53289.
WO97/36876 describes compounds with farnesyl transferase inhibiting activity. The actual teaching of this publication is limited to compounds of general formula
##STR00002##
In this application, quinolinone and quinazolinone derivatives are not specifically disclosed.
Unexpectedly, it has been found that the present novel compound, having a phenyl substituent on the 4-position of the quinolinone moiety bearing the (phenyl)methylimidazolyl substituent, show farnesyl protein transferase inhibiting activity. The present compounds can have advantageous properties with regard to solubility and stability.
The present invention concerns compounds of formula (I):
##STR00003##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or N-oxide or stereochemically isomeric form thereof, wherein
As used in the foregoing definitions and hereinafter, halo is generic to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; C1-6alkyl defines straight and branched chained saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl 2-methyl-butyl, 2-methylpentyl and the like; C1-12 alkyl encompasses the straight and branched chained saturated hydrocarbon radicals as defined in C1-6alkyl as well as the higher homologues thereof containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms such as, for example heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and the like; C1-6alkanediyl defines bivalent straight and branched chained saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, methylene, 1,2-ethanediyl, 1,3-propanediyl, 1,4-butanediyl, 1,5-pentanediyl, 1,6-hexanediyl and the branched isomers thereof, haloC1-6alkyl defines C1-6alkyl containing one or more halo substituents for example trifluoromethyl; C2-6alkenyl defines straight and branched chain hydrocarbon radicals containing one double bond and having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, and the like; C2-6alkynyl defines straight and branched chain hydrocarbon radicals containing one triple bond and having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 3-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 3-methyl-2-butynyl, and the like; aryl defines phenyl, naphthalenyl, phenyl substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano, or hydroxycarbonyl; or naphtalenyl substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano or hydroxycarbonyl; C3-10-cycloalkyl includes cyclic hydrocarbon groups having from 3 to 10 carbons, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and the like.
Pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts encompass pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts. The pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts as mentioned hereinabove are meant to comprise the therapeutically active non-toxic acid addition salt forms that the compounds of formula (I) are able to form. The compounds of formula (I) which have basic properties can be converted in their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts by treating said base form with an appropriate acid. Appropriate acids comprise, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrohalic acids, e.g. hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid; sulfuric; nitric; phosphoric and the like acids; or organic acids such as, for example, acetic, propanoic, hydroxyacetic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic, malonic, succinic (i.e. butanedioic acid), maleic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclamic, salicylic, p-amino-salicylic, pamoic and the like acids.
The compounds of formula (I) which have acidic properties may be converted in their pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts by treating said acid form with a suitable organic or inorganic base. Appropriate base salt forms comprise, for example, the ammonium salts, the alkali and earth alkaline metal salts, e.g. the lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium salts and the like, salts with organic bases, e.g. the benzathine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, hydrabamine salts, and salts with amino acids such as, for example, arginine, lysine and the like.
The term “acid or base addition salts” also comprises the hydrates and the solvent addition forms, which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form. Examples of such forms are e.g. hydrates, alcoholates and the like.
The term stereochemically isomeric forms of compounds of formula (I), as used hereinbefore, defines all possible compounds made up of the same atoms bonded by the same sequence of bonds but having different three-dimensional structures which are not interchangeable, which the compounds of formula (I) may possess. Unless otherwise mentioned or indicated, the chemical designation of a compound encompasses the mixture of all possible stereochemically isomeric forms, which said compound might possess. Said mixture may contain all diastereomers and/or enantiomers of the basic molecular structure of said compound. All stereochemically isomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) both in pure form or in admixture with each other are intended to be embraced within the scope of the present invention.
Some of the compounds of formula (I) may also exist in their tautomeric forms. Such forms although not explicitly indicated in the above formula are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Whenever used hereinafter, the term “compounds of formula (I)” is meant to include also the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and all stereoisomeric forms.
A group of interesting compounds consists of those compounds of formula (I) wherein one or more of the following restrictions apply:
Another group of interesting compounds consists of those interesting compounds of formula (I) wherein one or more of the following restrictions apply:
A further group of interesting compounds consists of those interesting compounds of formula (I) wherein one or more of the following restrictions apply:
A more interesting group of compounds consists of those compounds of formula (I) wherein one or more of the following restrictions apply:
Another group of more interesting compounds are those compounds of formula (I) wherein R7 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl.
Most preferred compound are 4-[[5-[[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-6-quinolinyl]hydroxymethyl]-1H-imidazol-1-yl]methyl]-benzonitrile (compound 3), compound 14 and compound 5.
##STR00004##
The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and N-oxides and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof may be prepared, for example, by the following processes:
##STR00005##
##STR00006##
##STR00007##
##STR00008##
##STR00009##
##STR00010##
##STR00011##
Compounds of formula (I-a), (I-b-a), (I-b-b), (I-c), (I-d), (I-k) and (I-l) can optionally be the subject of one or more of the following conversions in any desired order:
Examples of the conversion of one compound of formula (I) into a different compound of formula (I) include the following reactions:
##STR00012##
##STR00013##
##STR00014##
The intermediates and starting materials used in the above-described processes may be prepared in conventional manner using procedures known in the art for example as described in the above-mentioned patent specifications WO 97/16443, WO 97/21701, WO 98/40383, WO 98/49157 and WO 00/39082.
The compounds of formula (I) and some of the intermediates have at least one stereogenic center in their structure. This stereogenic center may be present in a R or a S configuration.
The compounds of formula (I) as prepared in the hereinabove described processes are generally racemic mixtures of enantiomers, which can be separated from one another following art-known resolution procedures. The racemic compounds of formula (I) may be converted into the corresponding diastereomeric salt forms by reaction with a suitable chiral acid. Said diastereomeric salt forms are subsequently separated, for example, by selective or fractional crystallization and the enantiomers are liberated therefrom by alkali. An alternative manner of separating the enantiomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) involves liquid chromatography using a chiral stationary phase. Said pure stereochemically isomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the appropriate starting materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereospecifically. Preferably if a specific stereoisomer is desired, said compound will be synthesized by stereospecific methods of preparation. These methods will advantageously employ enantiomerically pure starting materials.
The compounds of formula (I), the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and stereoisomeric forms thereof have valuable pharmacological properties in that they have a potent farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) inhibitory effect.
This invention provides a method for inhibiting the abnormal growth of cells, including transformed cells, by administering an effective amount of a compound of the invention. Abnormal growth of cells refers to cell growth independent of normal regulatory mechanisms (e.g. loss of contact inhibition). This includes the abnormal growth of: (1) tumor cells (tumors) expressing an activated ras oncogene; (2) tumor cells in which the ras protein is activated as a result of oncogenic mutation of another gene; (3) benign and malignant cells of other proliferative diseases in which aberrant ras activation occurs. Furthermore, it has been suggested in literature that ras oncogenes not only contribute to the growth of tumors in vivo by a direct effect on tumor cell growth but also indirectly, i.e. by facilitating tumor-induced angiogenesis (Rak. J. et al, Cancer Research, 55, 4575-4580, 1995). Hence, pharmacologically targeting mutant ras oncogenes could conceivably suppress solid tumor growth in vivo, in part, by inhibiting tumor-induced angiogenesis.
This invention also provides a method for inhibiting tumor growth by administering an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, to a subject, e.g. a mammal (and more particularly a human) in need of such treatment. In particular, this invention provides a method for inhibiting the growth of tumors expressing an activated ras oncogene by the administration of an effective amount of the compounds of the present invention. Examples of tumors which may be inhibited, but are not limited to, lung cancer (e.g. adenocarcinoma and including non-small cell lung cancer), pancreatic cancers (e.g. pancreatic carcinoma such as, for example exocrine pancreatic carcinoma), colon cancers (e.g. colorectal carcinomas, such as, for example, colon adenocarcinoma and colon adenoma), prostate cancer including the advanced disease, hematopoietic tumors of lymphoid lineage (e.g. acute lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma), myeloid leukemias (for example, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)), thyroid follicular cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), tumors of mesenchymal origin (e.g. fibrosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas), melanomas, teratocarcinomas, neuroblastomas, gliomas, benign tumor of the skin (e.g. keratoacanthomas), breast carcinoma (e.g. advanced breast cancer), kidney carcinoma, ovary carcinoma, bladder carcinoma and epidermal carcinoma.
This invention may also provide a method for inhibiting proliferative diseases, both benign and malignant, wherein ras proteins are aberrantly activated as a result of oncogenic mutation in genes. With said inhibition being accomplished by the administration of an effective amount of the compounds described herein, to a subject in need of such a treatment. For example, the benign proliferative disorder neurofibromatosis, or tumors in which ras is activated due to mutation or overexpression of tyrosine kinase oncogenes, may be inhibited by the compounds of this invention.
The compound according to the invention can be used for other therapeutic purposes, for example:
The compounds of present invention may be particularly useful for the treatment of proliferative diseases, both benign and malignant, wherein the K-ras B isoform is activated as a result of oncogenic mutation.
Hence, the present invention discloses the compounds of formula (I) for use as a medicine as well as the use of these compounds of formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for treating one or more of the above mentioned conditions.
For the treatment of the above conditions, the compound of the invention may be advantageously employed in combination with one or more other medicinal agents such as anti-cancer agents for example selected from platinum coordination compounds for example cisplatin or carboplatin, taxane compounds for example paclitaxel or docetaxel, camptothecin compounds for example irinotecan or topotecan, anti-tumor vinca alkaloids for example vinblastine, vincristine or vinorelbine, anti-tumor nucleoside derivatives for example 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine or capecitabine, nitrogen mustard or nitrosourea alkylating agents for example cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine or lomustine, anti-tumor anthracycline derivatives for example daunorubicin, doxorubicin or idarubicin; HER2 antibodies for example trastzumab; and anti-tumor podophyllotoxin derivatives for example etoposide or teniposide; and antiestrogen agents including estrogen receptor antagonists or selective estrogen receptor modulators preferably tamoxifen, or alternatively toremifene, droloxifene, faslodex and raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitors such as exemestane, anastrozole, letrazole and vorozole.
For the treatment of cancer the compounds according to the present invention can be administered to a patient as described above, in conjunction with irradiation. Such treatment may be especially beneficial, as farnesyl transferase inhibitors can act as radiosensitisers, for example as described in International Patent Specification WO 00/01411, enhancing the therapeutic effect of such irradiation.
Irradiation means ionizing radiation and in particular gamma radiation, especially that emitted by linear accelerators or by radionuclides that are in common use today. The irradiation of the tumor by radionuclides can be external or internal.
Preferably, the administration of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor commences up to one month, in particular up to 10 days or a week, before the irradiation of the tumor. Additionally, it is advantageous to fractionate the irradiation of the tumor and maintain the administration of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor in the interval between the first and the last irradiation session.
The amount of farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor, the dose of irradiation and the intermittence of the irradiation doses will depend on a series of parameters such as the type of tumor, its location, the patient's reaction to chemo- or radiotherapy and ultimately is for the physician and radiologists to determine in each individual case.
The present invention also concerns a method of cancer therapy for a host harboring a tumor comprising the steps of
In view of their useful pharmacological properties, the subject compounds may be formulated into various pharmaceutical forms for administration purposes.
To prepare the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention, an effective amount of a particular compound, in base or acid addition salt form, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration. These pharmaceutical compositions are desirably in unitary dosage form suitable, preferably, for administration orally, rectally, percutaneously, or by parenteral injection. For example, in preparing the compositions in oral dosage form, any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, syrups, elixirs and solutions; or solid carriers such as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills, capsules and tablets.
Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed. For parenteral compositions, the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, at least in large part, though other ingredients, to aid solubility for example, may be included. Injectable solutions, for example, may be prepared in which the carrier comprises saline solution, glucose solution or a mixture of saline and glucose solution. Injectable suspensions may also be prepared in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. In the compositions suitable for percutaneous administration, the carrier optionally comprises a penetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wetting agent, optionally combined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions, which additives do not cause a significant deleterious effect to the skin. Said additives may facilitate the administration to the skin and/or may be helpful for preparing the desired compositions. These compositions may be administered in various ways, e.g., as a transdermal patch, as a spot-on or as an ointment.
It is especially advantageous to formulate the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used in the specification and claims herein refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient, calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. Examples of such dosage unit forms are tablets (including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, powder packets, wafers, injectable solutions or suspensions, teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls and the like, and segregated multiples thereof.
Those skilled in the art could easily determine the effective amount from the test results presented hereinafter. In general it is contemplated that a therapeutically effective amount would be from 0.005 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg body weight, and in particular from 0.5 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg body weight. It may be appropriate to administer the required dose as two, three, four or more sub-doses at appropriate intervals throughout the day. Said sub-doses may be formulated as unit dosage forms, for example, containing 0.5 to 500 mg, and in particular 10 mg to 500 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form.
The following examples are provided for purposes of illustration.
Hereinafter “THF” means tetrahydrofuran, “EtOAc” means ethyl acetate, and “BuLi” means n-butyl lithium, “DIPE” means diisopropyl ether, “DCM” means dichloromethane, “iPrOH” means isopropyl ether and “MeOH” means methanol.
A. Preparation of the Intermediates
Preparation of
##STR00015##
This experiment was performed twice on the same quantities. BuLi 1.6M in hexane (0.0027 mol) was added at −70° C. to a solution of 6-bromo-2-chloro-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-quinoline (0.0024 mol) in THF (10 ml) under N2 flow. The mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 1 hour. A solution of 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde (0.0026 mol) in THF (7 ml) was added at −70° C. The mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 1 hour, then at room temperature overnight, poured out into ice water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with water, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (2.7 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (15-40 μm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 97/3/0.2 to 95/5/0.1). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.38 g (16%) of intermediate 8.
a) Preparation of
##STR00016##
BuLi 1.6M in hexane (0.0167 mol) was added at −78° C. to a solution of 6-bromo-2-chloro-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-quinoline (0.0152 mol) in THF (30 ml) under N2 flow. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1 hour. A solution of 1-(phenylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde (0.0167 mol) in THF (20 ml) was added at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1 hour, then at room temperature for 5 hours. Water was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (7.8 g) was taken up in DCM/MeOH and crystallized from DIPE. The precipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.67 g (9%) of intermediate 9. The filtrate was evaporated. The residue (6.96 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (15-40 μm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 95/5/0.2). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 1.4 g (8%) of intermediate 9.
b) Preparation of
##STR00017##
Manganese oxide (0.0014 mol) was added to a mixture of intermediate 9 (0.0014 mol) in dioxane (10 ml). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 5 hours, then cooled to room temperature, filtered over celite. The filtrate was evaporated, yielding 0.66 g (99%) of intermediate 10, melting point 89° C.
c) Preparation of
##STR00018##
MeOH (10 ml) was added at 5° C. to intermediate 10 (0.0024 mol). MeONa/MeOH 30% (0.0097 mol) was added dropwise at 5° C. The mixture was brought to room temperature, stirred and refluxed for 5 hours, then cooled. The precipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.74 g (67%) of intermediate 11. The filtrate was taken up in DCM, washed with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.35 g (31%) of intermediate 11, melting point 143° C.
B. Preparation of the Final Compounds
A mixture of intermediate 7 (0.94 mol) in HCl 3N (5 ml) was stirred at reflux overnight, cooled at room temperature and poured out into ice water. DCM and methanol (little quantity) were added. The organic layer was basified by K2CO3, separated, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.44 g of 4-[[5-[[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-6-quinolinyl]hydroxymethyl]-1H-imidazol-1-yl]methyl]-benzonitrile (compound 1).
Sodium hydroxide 1N (2 ml), N,N,N-triethylbenzenemethanaminium chloride (0.282 mol) then iodomethane (0.94 mol) were added to a solution of compound 1 (0.94 mol) in THF (2 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, poured out into ice water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, dried (MgSO4), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (15-40 μm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 93/7/01). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.033 g (7%) of 4-[[5-[[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-6-quinolinyl]methoxymethyl]-1H-imidazol-1-yl]methyl]-benzonitrile (compound 2) and 0.15 g (33%) F2. F2 was crystallized from CH3CN/diethylether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.12 g (27%) of 4-[[5-[[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-6-quinolinyl]hydroxymethyl]-1H-imidazol-1-yl]methyl]-benzonitrile (compound 3), melting point 150° C.
Preparation of
##STR00019##
This experiment was performed twice on the same quantities. A mixture of intermediate 8 (0.0002 mol) and sodium azide (0.0005 mol) in DMF (10 ml) was stirred at 140° C. overnight. Water was added. The mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed several times with water, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residues of the two experiments were combined (0.196 g) and were purified by column chromatography over silica gel (10 μm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH 98/2 to 95/5). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.043 g F1 and 0.05 g F2. F1 was taken up in DCM. The precipitate was filtered, washed with diethyl ether and dried, yielding 0.041 g (20%) of compound 4, melting point 105° C. F2 was taken up in DCM/MeOH. The precipitate was filtered, washed with diethyl ether and dried, yielding 0.041 g (20%) of compound 5, melting point 140° C.
Preparation of
##STR00020##
HCl 3N (6 ml) was added to a solution of intermediate 11 (0.0007 mol) in THF (3 ml). The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 5 hours, poured out into ice water, basified with NH4OH. The precipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.358 g (>100%) of compound 6.
Preparation of
##STR00021##
Iodomethane (0.0049 mol) was added to a mixture of compound 6 (0.0024 mol) and benzyltriethylammonium chloride (0.0012 mol) in THF (11 ml) and NaOH 10N (11 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. Water was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.953 g, 84%) was crystallized from DCM/diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.55 g of compound 7, melting point 192° C.
Preparation of
##STR00022##
Sodium tetrahydroborate (0.0026 mol) was added at 5° C. to a mixture of compound 7 (0.0012 mol) in THF (3 ml) and MeOH (3 ml) under N2 flow. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 2 hours. Ice and water were added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.551 g (100%) of compound 8, melting point 188° C.
a) Preparation of
##STR00023##
A mixture of compound 8 (0.0001 mol) in thionyl chloride (0.6 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated till dryness, yielding 0.065 g of intermediate 12. This product was used directly in the next reaction step.
b) Preparation of
##STR00024##
Cyclopropanamine (0.0023 mol) was added to a mixture of intermediate 12 (0.0001 mol) in acetonitrile (2 ml). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 5 hours. Water was added. The mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.047 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (10 μm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 98/2/0.1 to 95/5/0.1). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.016 g (25%) of compound 9.
Preparation of
##STR00025##
A mixture of intermediate 12 (0.0005 mol) in NH3/MeOH 7N (2.7 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, poured out into ice water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.242 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (10 μm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 96/4/0.1). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.042 g F1 and 0.026 g F2. FI was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (10 μm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 98/2/0.1). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.016 g (6%) of compound 10. F2 was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (10 μm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 92/8/0.2). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.01 g (4%) of compound 11.
Preparation of
##STR00026##
A mixture of compound 8 (0.0001 mol) and 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (0.0003 mol) in THF (2 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 24 hours. 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (0.0001 mol) was added. The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 2 days, then cooled to room temperature. THF was evaporated. The residue was taken up in DCM. The organic layer was washed with K2CO3 10%, dried (MgSO4), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.1 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (10 μm) (eluent: toluene/iPrOH/NH4OH 90/10/0.1). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.045 g (56%) of compound 12, melting point 102° C.
Preparation of
##STR00027##
Sulfuric acid concentrated (2 drops) were added to a solution of compound 8 (0.0002 mol) in acetonitrile (1 ml). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 24 hours. Water was added. The mixture was basified with NH4OH and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.09 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (10 μm) (eluent: toluene/iPrOH/NH4OH 85/15/0.2). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.053 g) was crystallized from DCM/DIPE. The precipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.03 g (38%) of compound 13, melting point 210° C.
Table F-1 lists the compounds that were prepared according to one of the above Examples. The following abbreviations were used in the tables: Co. No. stands for Compound Number, Ex. [Xno] referred to the same method as described in the Xno example.
TABLE F-1
##STR00028##
##STR00029##
##STR00030##
##STR00031##
##STR00032##
##STR00033##
##STR00034##
##STR00035##
##STR00036##
##STR00037##
##STR00038##
##STR00039##
##STR00040##
##STR00041##
##STR00042##
##STR00043##
##STR00044##
C. Pharmacological Example
An in vitro assay for inhibition of farnesyl transferase was performed essentially as described in WO 98/40383, pages 33-34. Herein the effects of test compounds are expressed as pIC50 (the negative log value of the IC50-value) and as % of inhibition at 10−7 M. 4-[[5-[[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-6-quinolinyl]hydroxymethyl]-1H-imidazol-1-yl]methyl]-benzonitrile (compound 3) has a pIC50 of 8.3 and compound 14 has a pIC50 of 7.968
The ras-transformed cell phenotype reversion assay was performed essentially as described in WO 98/40383, pages 34-36.
The farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor secondary tumor model was used as described in WO 98/40383, page 37.
TABLE F-2
Table F-2 lists the results of the compounds
that were tested according to example C.1.
Enzyme
% of
activity
inhibition
Co. No.
pIC50
at 10−7 M
14
7.968
87
5
<7
32
4
<7
26
16
<7
18
17
<7
33
12
<7
47
13
>7
65
9
<7
44
10
<7
43
11
<7
49
3
8.264
92
D. Composition Example: Film-Coated Tablets
Preparation of Tablet Core
A mixture of 100 g of a compound of formula (I), 570 g lactose and 200 g starch is mixed well and thereafter humidified with a solution of 5 g sodium dodecyl sulfate and 10 g polyvinyl-pyrrolidone in about 200 ml of water. The wet powder mixture is sieved, dried and sieved again. Then there is added 100 g microcrystalline cellulose and 15 g hydrogenated vegetable oil. The whole is mixed well and compressed into tablets, giving 10,000 tablets, each comprising 10 mg of a compound of formula (I).
Coating
To a solution of 10 g methyl cellulose in 75 ml of denaturated ethanol there is added a solution of 5 g of ethyl cellulose in 150 ml of dichloromethane. Then there are added 75 ml of dichloromethane and 2.5 ml 1,2,3-propanetriol 10 g of polyethylene glycol is molten and dissolved in 75 ml of dichloromethane. The latter solution is added to the former and then there are added 2.5 g of magnesium octadecanoate, 5 g of polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and 30 ml of concentrated colour suspension and the whole is homogenated. The tablet cores are coated with the thus obtained mixture in a coating apparatus.
Venet, Marc Gaston, Angibaud, Patrick René, Meyer, Christophe, Breslin, Henry Joseph
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