A method and apparatus whereby a two-dimensional touchpad control for selecting color is implemented via a touch sensitive surface with a graphical attachment on its surface to select both an intensity and a color. The graphical attachment having two regions, one region being a rectangular shape to select the intensity via a Y-axis and the other being a two dimensional X/Y-axis control surface with color hue on one axis and color saturation on the other axis. Software running in a control device monitors touchpad regions for user inputs and converts the raw selected parameters on the touchpad into the hue, saturation and intensity information, used in the preferred embodiment to control light fixture color and intensity.
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12. A lighting control touch pad system comprising:
a variable color light source;
a computer having a control signal output to vary a hue, a saturation and an intensity of the variable color light source;
a two dimensional circular touch pad color input area in a touch pad device which sends a hue signal, and a saturation signal to the computer;
said hue signal derived from a selection from a set of zones radiating from a center of the circular touch pad color input area;
said saturation signal derived from a selected radial distance from the center of the circular touch pad color input area;
said circular touch pad color input area of the touch pad device having a color graphical overlay representing the colors of the color spectrum;
said intensity signal derived from an x and y coordinate of another touch in a separate intensity area apart from the circular touch pad color area of the touch pad device; and
wherein the computer scans the circular touch pad color input area and the separate intensity area and via an algorithm creates the control signal output.
1. lighting control touch pad system comprising:
a variable color light source;
a computer having a control signal output to vary a hue, a saturation and an intensity of the variable color light source;
a two dimensional touch pad input device which sends a hue signal, a saturation signal and an intensity signal to the computer;
said hue and saturation signals derived from a first cartesian axis coordinate and a second cartesian axis coordinate of a touch on the touchpad in a color region of the touch pad input device;
said color region of the touch pad having a first cartesian axis for a color spectrum (hue) in any chosen sequence of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and violet, each color represented within a colored overlay, and having a second cartesian axis for minimal to maximum saturation levels of a selected color;
said color region of the touch pad having a color graphical overlay representing the colors of the color spectrum;
said intensity signal derived from an x and y coordinate of another touch in a separate intensity region apart from the color region of the touch pad input device; and
wherein the computer scans the touch pad input device to determine the coordinates of the touch and the another touch and via an algorithm creates the control signal output.
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This application is a non-provisional application claiming the benefits of provisional application No. 61/013,348 filed Dec. 13, 2007.
The present invention relates to the area of controlling color-capable lighting units, whereby a two-dimensional touchpad control for selecting color (hue and saturation) and intensity is implemented via a touch sensitive surface with a graphical attachment on its surface for user selection of both intensity and a color. Software running in a control device converts the selected parameters on the touchpad to a specific color and intensity in a fixture(s).
Lighting devices have long had the ability to be dimmed. Dimming is essentially a one-dimensional problem. Only a single control, typically implemented as a dial or slider, is necessary to control the intensity of light. The introduction of color-capable lights such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) presents a more complex set of issues to solve when developing controls for them.
Typically these lights are made up of red, green and blue (RGB) emitters that can combine to create any shade of color. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) lend themselves as almost perfect emitters. They are low power, long lasting and easy to control. With more usage, their cost has been lowered dramatically. There are many companies producing light fixtures utilizing RGB LEDs to create colored light. The vast majority of these light fixtures use a communication interface called DMX-512 to receive command information from a central light controller. DMX-512 has its origins in the stage lighting industry and has its own installation and safety requirements. DMX-512 is a standard protocol by means of which theatre lighting control desks can communicate with lighting equipment. It was designed to allow equipment from different companies to be used together easily. Originally developed to control lighting dimmers, it is now used to control color scrollers, moving lights, smoke machines and almost any equipment that can be controlled digitally.
Originally designed to control single color lights it associated a single light to a single slider control on a control panel. Three or more sliders on the control panel typically control color capable lights (i.e. LEDs) today. In the simplest form of control there is one slider for each of the red, green and blue channels. It is up to the user to understand how much of each primary color to set to get a particular color. More complex controllers use built in software programs that understand the characteristics of each light fixture attached to the controller to select colors. DMX-512 light controllers are typically expensive, ranging from the low hundreds of dollars to tens of thousands of dollars. Selecting a specific color is not intuitive.
LEDs emit a very narrow band of light spectra. As a result colors mixed from red, green and blue LEDs may have a non-natural look to the human eye, especially as the colors selected become less saturated (more white). Light manufacturers are including additional colored and white LEDs to improve color fidelity and rendering index. These fixtures require adding additional color channels when mapped to a DMX-512 interface increasing control complexity and cost. For example, setting a specific shade of pink by directly controlling red, green, blue, yellow and white sliders become a challenge.
To date this problem has been manageable because commercial installations can absorb the cost of expensive DMX-512 controllers, and lighting control personnel are capable of controlling complex lights. However as color-capable lights move into the residential arena, the current industry has few intuitive ways for homeowners to control these sophisticated lights.
Typical methods today include:
One color model that is more intuitive than most is the Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) model or sometimes known as the Hue-Saturation-Intensity (HSI) model. It is a three-dimensional color model. One axis controls the color's hue (or actual color value). The hue is generally the single word that we would use to describe a ‘composite’ color. A second axis controls the color's saturation. Saturation specifies how pure the color is. A fully saturated color has no white component in it. White is the unsaturated value. A pure red is fully saturated. Pink is a less saturated red. The third axis controls the intensity of the light.
The hue, saturation and brightness of a light beam are often specified using a three-dimensional HSV or HSI color tree (color space), as shown in
The problem is to easily control a light's intensity and color. Although mathematically color may be specified a number of ways, a control interface must present an intuitive and simple model for a user. Controlling individual color channels is not intuitive. In addition a control system should be independent of the lighting system it controls. This allows the lighting system to implement color generation with any mechanism. Finally, a control system should be low-cost to implement.
The present invention solves these problems as will be described herein using a two dimensional touchpad or touch screen. In a home this mini touchpad could be a wall mounted device.
The primary aspect of the present invention is to provide an intuitive method of selection of a specific color, hue, and saturation for controlling a set of lights.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a color control that is user friendly for ease of lighting selection and control.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide for control of complex color lighting systems having a plurality of installations, groups and individual light units.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide for an intuitive color lighting control solution that is implementable over a variety of platforms including in-wall control units, remote control handheld units, general computing systems, PDAs and the like.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a touchpad color solution with an area for Color selection with Hue and Saturation and a second area for Intensity.
Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide for a low-cost method of lighting color control.
Another aspect of the present invention is to produce a Hue, Saturation, Intensity output packet based on touchpad user selection.
Other aspects of this invention will appear from the following description and appended claims, reference being made to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.
The present invention integrates a graphic with a touch sensitive surface (pad or screen) to make a two-dimensional control. For this invention the term ‘touchpad’ and the term ‘touch pad’ both refer to one and the same. The invention combines a color model (HSV/HSI) with a simple computer touchpad to create an intuitive, low-cost and easy-to-use control for color capable lights such as LEDs. It is organized so that it can easily control complex lighting installations. It can also control the intensity of traditional white lights enabling one device to handle any lighting control task.
The present invention provides a method of color control and selection consisting of:
Before explaining the disclosed embodiment of the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the particular arrangement shown, since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention consists of touchpad device 22, similar to the kind in most laptop computers or other electronic devices with color spectrum/intensity graphic 20 attached to its surface 23. Examples of existing touchpads are the Cirque TSM9910 or TSM9957 having Serial and PS/2® communication protocols. The surface of the touchpad is divided into two rectangular areas. Area 24 represents the full color spectrum (lying between X3 and X4 on the X-axis and between Y1 and Y2 on the Y-axis) with full-spectrum color Hue H as the vertical Y-axis and Saturation S as the horizontal X-axis. Saturation increasing from right to left with fully saturated area FS to the extreme left of color spectrum area 24 and white W to the extreme right. A second area represents a widely understood iconic representation of increasing intensity control area 26 (lying between X1 and X2 on the X-axis and between Y3 and Y4 on the Y-axis). The user slides their finger up and down to control intensity V. Intensity V increasing in an upward direction along the Y-axis. This organization allows a user to easily select a precise color and intensity. Color spectrum area 24 (primary colors shown as Yellow, Orange, Red, Violet, Blue, Cyan, Green, Yellow) allows a user to select a specific color within the aforementioned X/Y axis, whereas touching the touchpad up or down the Y-axis in color intensity control area 26 allows the user to set the selected color's intensity. It should be noted that placing the yellow to green and the yellow to orange spectrums near the bottom and top respectively allow a fast and simple user selection of warm colors. Warm colors are based on yellows, oranges, browns, yellowish greens, orangish reds and the like. Warm colors are often preferred by users when setting ambient lighting in residential environments. Software will sample the touchpad about 20 times/second to determine if it is in active use within the aforementioned areas. If in active use, the X-Y co-ordinates detected will determine the color selected and the color intensity. A software-implemented algorithm will then calculate the HSV/HSI color parametric values to be sent to a central light controller for processing. Separation of intensity from color selection, color spectrum area 24 and color intensity control area 26, allows intuitive mapping of intensity control for single colored light fixtures and enables intensity control for multiple lights simultaneously. Each light can be configured to output a different color. The separate color intensity control area 26 can then control the intensity of all light simultaneously without changing their color. Software can take the raw intensity information from touchpad assembly 2000 and convert it into absolute intensity values (all light fixtures have the same brightness) or relative intensity (the intensity level from the touchpad scales the light fixture's current intensity).
It should be noted that although a touchpad is used to describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other implementations are possible such as a touch screen or mouse to select color parameters including intensity. It should also be noted that other embodiments could employ various graphic geometries to represent a color spectrum, selection areas for color could be shapes such as a circle, etc. Commonly known in the art are other graphical representations of color that could be used; for example, CIE xyz color space, a basic color triangle, Newton's color circle (Ref.
Regions on the touchpad are shown below with their coordinate values. For mathematical purposes the values of H, S and V are considered to have a range of 0.0 to 1.0 (fully off to fully on). Integer values are scaled to be integer representations of this range.
It is possible to conceive of other organizations of color control data on control surfaces. It is also possible to conceive that the graphic would be drawn on a computer-generated display and the selection would be made through a mouse, stylus or touch screen input device in lieu of a touchpad.
Note that the active regions are set at a significant distance from the edge of the touchpad. This is because the touchpad is a very imprecise device. The value it reports depends heavily on the physical shape and electrical characteristics of the particular finger touching its surface. Placing the active regions too close to the edge of the touchpad could result in difficulty reading finger positions for certain users. Twenty times per second (every 50 mSec) the software checks the touchpad and decides if it can generate a packet to transmit. This value is chosen to allow smooth color changes as a finger is dragged across the touchpad. The basic algorithm is shown in
Layouts of color, intensity are shown by way of example and not of limitation. Other examples are shown in
Intensity has been shown along the Y-axis but could easily be configured along the X-axis.
To expand step 210, the “Calculate H” code first calculates a raw H value (Hraw) with an integer value of 0-1025. This range is chosen to make subsequent calculations easier because it may be split into 6 identical subranges (171 each). The code then calculates the H value in two parts. A 3-bit range (Hr) that has a value of 0-5, and an 8-bit fractional value (Hf, within the range) of 0-255. The following calculations are used:
Hraw = Y − MIN_H_Y
if Hraw < 171
Hr = 1
Hf = HSV_f_TABLE(Hraw)
else if Hraw < 342
Hr = 2
Hf = HSV_f_TABLE(Hraw - 171)
else if Hraw < 513
Hr = 3
Hf = HSV_f_TABLE(Hraw - 342)
else if Hraw < 684
Hr = 4
Hf = HSV_f_TABLE(Hraw - 513)
else if Hraw < 855
Hr = 5
Hf = HSV_f_TABLE(Hraw - 684)
else
Hr = 0
Hf = HSV_f_TABLE(Hraw - 855)
The HSV_f_TABLE is used to provide a fast divide function (since division requires a significant amount of time on a low-end 8-bit microcontroller). The table is indexed by a value between 0 and 170 and returns a scaled fractional value of 0-255. Each entry is computed from the equation:
Entry[I]=round(255.0/170.0*I) where I=0 to 170
Thus a HSV_f_TABLE is precalculated for all 0-170 entry possibilities via the above equation. The table is then used to obtain a value from 0-255 to speed up processing.
Next, in step 212, ‘X’ is clipped to a valid Saturation range. The “Clip X to valid Saturation Range” code works in a similar fashion to the “Clip Y to valid Intensity Range” code and is described below in
Next, in step 214, Saturation is calculated. The “Calculate S” code works like the “Calculate V” code. It calculates a value of S with an integer value of 0-256 (0-0x0100 in hexadecimal) representing the numeric value 0-1.0. It does this with the following equation:
S=round((X−MIN—S—X)/4)
Where the round function takes the remainder from the division and rounds the result up if the remainder is greater than the integer equivalent to 0.5. After ‘S’ is calculated, proceed to step 20 to assemble the packet.
If in step 204, X is less than MAX_V_X (value 384 per example of
V=round((Y−MIN—V—Y)/4)
Where the round function takes the remainder from the division and rounds the result up if the remainder is greater than the integer equivalent to 0.5. In the example of
There are two checks that touchpad software performs to make sure the data is valid. The first is to make sure that there are no parity errors in any data obtained from the touchpad. The second is to make sure that the “touch” of the finger on the touchpad is sufficient to consider intentional. The averaging buffer is used to remove jitter from the data. Due to the way it is implemented, the touchpad will commonly return differing X and Y values for a stationary finger. The algorithm to obtain data from the touchpad is shown below in
The “Read Touchpad Packet” code, step 606, reads 5 bytes from the touchpad and stores them in a buffer. It checks the parity on each byte to make sure the byte was correctly received, step 608. After 5 valid bytes have been received it assembles the X, Y and Z values from the packet data (each value is stored within multiple bytes in the packet). If any byte had bad parity, step 608, the ‘BadParity’ flag is set and code returns to continue new data monitoring (step 200
Once a packet has been converted to valid X, Y and Z values the ‘Z’ value is checked to make sure it exceeds a threshold, step 610. This threshold indicates that a finger is in sufficient contact with the touchpad to generate valid data. A special case is detected for the situation where a finger is just leaving touching the touchpad. This allows the software to send a final duplicate packet if necessary to help improve reliability of wireless interfaces.
If, in step 610, Z is greater than or equal to Z-threshold then, in step 612, valid X and Y values are pushed into a 4-entry averaging buffer. Averages are calculated, step 614. The software generates an averaged X and Y value by averaging as many entries as are currently in the buffer, then sets X,Y to a new average value, step 614. This allows the software to start generating color packets as soon as the touchpad is touched but then quickly remove jitter from the input. For example if the averaging buffer is empty (it is cleared when the finger is removed from the touchpad) the first X and Y value is just the value pushed into the averaging buffer. The next time through the loop a second set of raw X and Y values are pushed into the averaging buffer and the X and Y value to be used are an average of the first and second set. The software only generates averages of even numbers of entries so the third pass through the loop generates an average of the second and third sets of raw data and the fourth and subsequent passes through the loop generate an average of the current raw data and previous three buffer entries. Once X,Y are set to a new average value, a ‘new data’ bit is set in step 618 and the code proceeds to step 204 (
If, in step 610, Z were less than Z-threshold, the code would proceed to step 620 and check to see if there were previously good data values. If not, then code would proceed back to step 200 (
The aforementioned preferred embodiment is shown by way of example and not of limitation. It is possible to conceive of other organizations of color control data on various geometric control surfaces. It is also possible to conceive that the graphic would be drawn on a computer-generated display and the color selection would be made through a mouse, stylus or touch sensitive screen. As another example, a variant on the two-region design described in
Touchpad assembly 2000 is used to select the color and intensity as previously described corresponding to the switch selections. Communication is done via communications antenna 370.
Although not shown, PC-based light controllers could be employed. For example, a PC-based light controller could export a web-accessible interface to control lights remotely or from intelligent devices such PDAs or smart phones (i.e. Apple iPhone®).
Although not shown, the industry standard 0-10 volt signal control can be supported via a Digital to Analog converter by changing the x-bit intensity value to a voltage range of 0-10 volts for intensity control.
All of the methods would communicate to remote color light controllers via a wireless links WL or a hard wired connection (not shown). Remote lighting control units 3400, 3500, 3600 would control respective lights #1 3410, #2 3510, through group #N 3610 within a zone. Wireless link WL would contain packet data having commands, addresses, HSV/HSI, fade time, checksum, and special flag bits. The communication interface would also allow the main light controller to query information from each of the remote lighting controllers 3400, 3500, 3600 such as color set etc. A plurality of zones (only one shown) and groups within zones are controlled by an individual central control unit.
In this manner the lighting effects pointing to the ceiling would easily be changed independent of the lighting effects pointing down. It should be noted that there could be other group assignments in both zones. Each lighting controller recognizing its respective assigned zone address, group address and unit address for controlling its fixture.
Any detected touch between X3 and X4 and between Y1 and Y2 would be a valid hue and saturation selection. Intensity V is shown as a rectangular area and is as described in
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