An adjustable multi-band planar antenna especially applicable in mobile terminals and a radio device. The adjusting circuit (430) of the antenna is galvanically connected to a point (X) of the radiator, where the circuit can affect the places of at least two operating bands. The adjusting circuit comprises a multi-pole switch (433), by which said radiator point can be connected to one of alternative transmission lines. For example, one of two transmission lines (434, 435) is open and another shorted. A discrete capacitor (C2) can be located between the separate conductor of the transmission line and an output pole of the switch as an additive-tuning element. The adjusting circuit further comprises a lc circuit (432) between the radiator (320) and the switch. Among other things, the lengths of the transmission lines, the values of the discrete components and the distance between the antenna short-circuit point (G) and the adjusting circuit connecting point (X) are then variables from the point of view of the antenna adjusting. Such values are calculated for these variables that each of the antenna operation bands separately shifts to a desired other place when the switch state is changed. The space required for the adjusting circuit is relatively small, and a relatively high efficiency is achieved for the antenna despite of the use of a switch.
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1. An adjustable antenna having at least a lower and an upper operating band and comprising:
a ground plane;
a radiating plane; and
an adjusting circuit configured to displace at least one of said lower and upper operating bands, said adjusting circuit comprising:
an lc circuit with an input coupled to the radiating plane;
a switch with its fixed end coupled to an output of the lc circuit; and
at least two tuning lines, the first of which is coupled to a first output pole of the switch and the second of said tuning lines coupled to a second output pole of the switch.
34. A radio device, comprising:
a radio transceiver circuit; and
an adjustable multiband antenna having at least a lower and an upper operating band, said antenna comprising:
a ground plane;
a radiating plane; and
an adjusting circuit configured to displace at least one of said lower and upper operating bands;
wherein said adjusting circuit comprises:
an inductive-capacitive (lc) circuit with an input coupled to the radiating plane;
a switch with its fixed end coupled to an output of the lc circuit; and
at least two tuning lines, the first of which is coupled to a first output pole of the switch and the second of said tuning lines coupled to a second output pole of the switch.
12. An adjustable antenna having at least a lower and an upper operating band and comprising:
a ground plane;
a radiating plane; and
an adjusting circuit to displace at least one operating band of the antenna;
wherein said radiating plane comprises a feeding point, a grounding point, an adjusting point of the antenna and two radiating parts having different electric lengths so as to implement said lower and upper operating bands;
wherein said adjusting circuit comprises an lc circuit with its input galvanically coupled to the radiating plane at said adjusting point, a switch with its common pole connected to an output of the lc circuit, and at least two tuning lines; and
wherein the electric distance in the radiating plane between the grounding point and the adjusting point is arranged for desired displacements of the operating bands, and the length of said tuning lines is at the most a fifth of the wavelength corresponding to the highest utilization frequency of the antenna.
23. An adjustable antenna, comprising:
at least a lower and an upper operating band;
a ground plane;
a radiating plane; and
an adjusting circuit to displace at least one operating band of the antenna, said radiating plane comprising a feeding point, a grounding point, an adjusting point of the antenna and two radiating parts having different electric length to implement said lower and upper operating bands;
wherein said adjusting circuit comprises an lc circuit with its input coupled to the radiating plane at said adjusting point, a switch with its common pole electrically coupled to the output of the lc circuit, and at least two tuning lines, the first of which is coupled at its head end to a first output pole of the switch and the second of which tuning lines is coupled at its head end to a second output pole of the switch to arrange alternative impedances between the adjusting point and ground and thus to displace the operating bands of the antenna; and
wherein the electric distance in the radiating plane between the grounding point and the adjusting point is arranged for desired displacements of the operating bands, and the length of said tuning lines is at the most a fifth of the wavelength corresponding to the highest utilization frequency of the antenna.
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wherein the first tuning line of the adjusting circuit is open at its tail end and the second tuning line is short-circuited at its tail end, and the adjusting circuit further comprises a capacitor connected between the second output pole of the switch and a separate conductor of the second tuning line.
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This application claims priority to International PCT Application No. PCT/FI2006/050341 having an international filing date of Jul. 13, 2006, which claims priority to Finland Patent Application No. 20055420 filed Jul. 25, 2005, each of the foregoing incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
The invention relates to an adjustable multiband antenna especially applicable in mobile terminals. The invention further relates to a radio device equipped with such an antenna.
The adjustability of an antenna means in this description, that a resonance frequency or frequencies of the antenna can be changed electrically. The aim is that the operating band of the antenna around a resonance frequency always covers the frequency range, which the function presumes at each time. There are different causes for the need for adjustability. As portable radio devices, like mobile terminals, are becoming smaller thickness-wise, too, the distance between the radiating plane and the ground plane of an internal planar antenna unavoidably becomes shorter. This results in e.g. that the antenna bandwidths will decrease. Then, as a mobile terminal is intended for operating in a plurality of radio systems having frequency ranges relatively close to each other, it becomes more difficult or impossible to cover frequency ranges used by more than one radio system. Such a system pair is for instance GSM1800 and GSM1900 (Global System for Mobile telecommunications). Correspondingly, securing the function that conforms to specifications in both transmitting and receiving bands of a single system can become more difficult. If the system uses sub-band division, it is advantageous if the resonance frequency of the antenna can be tuned in a sub-band being used at each time, from the point of view of the radio connection quality.
In the invention described here the antenna adjusting is implemented by a switch. The use of switches for the purpose in question is well known as such. For example the publication EP1113 524 discloses an antenna, where a planar radiator can at a certain point be connected to the ground by a switch. When the switch is closed, the electric length of the radiator is decreased, in which case the antenna resonance frequency becomes higher and the operating band corresponding to the resonance frequency is displaced upwards. A capacitor can be in series with the switch to set the band displacement as large as desired. The solution is suitable for single-band antennas. The controlled displacement of the operating bands of a multi-band antenna is impossible.
In
The object of the filter 132 is to strict the effect of the switching only to one operating band. If it is desired that the effect is stricted e.g. to the upper operating band, the filter is made to be of high-pass type, and its cut-off frequency is arranged between the antenna operating bands. In this case the lower operating band is located in the stop band of the filter, and the impedance of the adjusting circuit at the frequencies of the lower operating band is high in both states of the switch. Changing the switch state then causes neither a change in the electric length of the antenna nor a displacement of the lower operating band.
In the solution according to
In
Both the lower and upper operation band can be displaced in the structure according to
The lengths of the first and fourth transmission line are in the order of the quarter wave. If that length is shorter than the quarter wave, connecting a short extension line to its end results in that the band is displaced upwards, and if the length is longer than the quarter wave, connecting a short extension line to its end results in that the band is displaced downwards. The losses caused by the switch and thus the influence of the switch on the antenna efficiency depend on the length of the transmission line joining the radiating plane. That length and the lengths of the extension lines can be optimized so that the desired band displacements will be obtained at the cost of relatively small lowering of the antenna efficiency. The adjusting circuits further may comprise discrete tuning capacitors as an addition or replacing some transmission lines.
In the solution described above, the controlled displacement of two bands requires two adjusting circuits with their switches. This means a relatively complicated structure and high production costs.
In a first aspect of the invention, an adjusting circuit of an antenna, which has at least two operating bands is disclosed. In one embodiment, the adjusting circuit of an antenna is galvanically connected to a point of the radiator, where the circuit can affect the places of two antenna operating bands. The adjusting circuit comprises a multi-pole switch, by which said radiator point can be connected to one of alternative transmission lines. For example, one of the two transmission lines is open and another shorted. A discrete capacitor can be located between the separate conductor of the transmission line and an output pole of the switch as an additive tuning element. The adjusting circuit further comprises an LC circuit between the radiator and the switch. Among other things, the lengths of the transmission lines, the values of the discrete components and the distance between the antenna short-circuit point and the adjusting circuit connecting point then are variables from the point of view of the antenna adjusting. Such values are calculated for these variables that each of the two antenna operation bands separately shifts to a desired other place, when the switch state is changed.
An advantage of the invention is that desired displacements for the two antenna operation bands are obtained. One of the displacements can be set as zero, too. Another advantage of the invention is that these displacements can be implemented by a relatively simple adjusting circuit, which is connected to the radiator only at one point. A further advantage of the invention is that the space required for the antenna adjusting circuit is relatively small. This is due to that physically very short transmission lines are enough in the adjusting circuit according to the invention. A further advantage of the invention is that a relatively high efficiency is achieved for the antenna despite the use of a switch. A further advantage of the invention is that said LC circuit functions as an ESD protector (electro-static discharge) for the switch at the same time.
In an alternative, embodiment, the adjustable antenna comprises at least a lower and an upper operating band comprises a ground plane; a radiating plane; and an adjusting circuit for displacing at least one of said lower and upper operating bands. The adjusting circuit comprises an LC circuit with an input coupled to the radiating plane, a switch with its fixed end coupled to an output of the LC circuit and at least two tuning lines, the first of which is coupled to a first output pole of the switch and the second of said tuning lines coupled to a second output pole of the switch.
In one variant, the electric distance in the radiating plane between a grounding point and an adjusting point is arranged for desired displacements of the operating bands.
In another variant, the length of the tuning lines is at the most a fifth of the wavelength corresponding to the highest utilization frequency of the antenna.
In yet another variant, the first tuning line of the adjusting circuit is open at its tail end and the second tuning line is short-circuited at its tail end, and the adjusting circuit further comprises a capacitor connected between the second output pole of the switch and a separate conductor of the second tuning line.
In yet another variant, the radiating plane is coupled to the second tuning line, the adjusting circuit corresponds to a short-circuited transmission line with a quarter wavelength in the upper operating band, and the capacitance of the capacitor is arranged so that the adjusting circuit corresponds to a short-circuited transmission line with a zero length in the lower operating band, and when the radiator is connected to the first tuning line, the adjusting circuit corresponds to an open transmission line with a quarter wavelength in the upper operating band and the inductance of a coil of the LC circuit is arranged so that the adjusting circuit corresponds to an open transmission line with a zero length in the lower operating band.
In yet another variant, the first tuning line of the adjusting circuit is open at its tail end and the second tuning line is terminated by another coil at its tail end to keep the upper operating band in its place when the state of the switch changes.
In yet another variant the length of the tuning lines is less than a twentieth of the wavelength corresponding to the highest utilization frequency of the antenna.
In yet another variant, the number of the output poles of the switch is at least three to increase the number of alternative places of at least one operating band.
In yet another variant, the LC circuit comprises an ESD protector of the switch.
In yet another variant, the LC circuit is a low-pass filter limiting the effect of changing the switch state to the lower operating band.
In yet another variant, the LC circuit is a high-pass filter limiting the effect of changing the switch state to the upper operating band.
In a second aspect of the invention, a method of operating a multi-band adjustable antenna is disclosed. In one embodiment, the multi-band adjustable antenna comprises at least two operating bands and an adjusting circuit with the adjusting circuit comprising a switch, and the method comprises operating the multi-band adjustable antenna in a first state having at least first and second operating bands; switching the state of the switch; and operating the multi-band adjustable antenna in a second state having at least third and fourth operating bands.
In one variant, at least one of the operating bands comprises the GSM900 operating band.
In yet another variant, at least one of the one of the operating bands comprises the GSM1800 operating band.
In yet another variant, at least one of the operating bands comprises the GSM850 operating band.
In yet another variant, at least one of the operating bands comprises the GSM1900 operating band.
In a third aspect of the invention, apparatus incorporating the aforementioned antenna apparatus are disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a radio device, comprising: a radio transceiver circuit; and an adjustable multiband antenna having at least a lower and an upper operating band, said antenna comprising: a ground plane; a radiating plane; and an adjusting circuit for displacing at least one of said lower and upper operating bands.
In one variant, the adjusting circuit comprises: an LC circuit with an input coupled to the radiating plane; a switch with its fixed end coupled to an output of the LC circuit; and at least two tuning lines, the first of which is coupled to a first output pole of the switch and the second of said tuning lines coupled to a second output pole of the switch.
Based on the location of the adjusting point X, a circuit connected to it affects both the lower and the upper operating band. If the adjusting point were connected directly to the ground plane, for example, the electric length of the antenna parts corresponding to both the lower and the upper operating band would decrease, in which case both bands would shift upwards. The adjusting circuit connected to the adjusting point is located either below the radiating plane 320 or on the opposite side of the circuit board PCB.
The electric distance between the grounding point G and the adjusting point X has a significant effect on how big the band displacements are when the adjusting circuit is controlled. In an antenna according to the invention, said distance is one variable in addition to the variables of the adjusting circuit when a desired result is seeked. An arrangement is included in the radiating plane for setting said distance. At the simplest, this arrangement means only that the direct distance between the points G and X is chosen to be suitable. In the example of
In this example the first tuning line 434 is open at its tail end, and the second tuning line 435 is short-circuited at its tail end. The tuning lines are short, usually shorter than the quarter wavelength. In that case the open line represents a certain capacitance, and the short-circuited line represents a certain inductance. As known, the values of the capacitance and the inductance depend on the frequency: At the frequencies of the upper operating band they are higher than at the frequencies of the lower operating band, if the line is shorter than the quarter wavelength also in the upper band. The frequency-dependency of the capacitance in the discrete capacitor is just negligible. So the lengths of the tuning lines are used as variables in this invention when the adjusting circuit is designed. Among other things, the values of the discrete components of the adjusting circuit, the length of the input line 431 and the electric distance between the grounding point G and the adjusting point X in the radiating plane, mentioned in the description of
The capacitor C2 functions also as a blocking capacitor preventing the forming of a direct current circuit through the short-circuited tuning line as seen from the control circuit of the switch. On the side of the open tuning line, no blocking capacitor is needed, of course, but also there could be a discrete component for the tuning purpose.
The number of the switch operating states and of the tuning lines or circuits corresponding to those states can naturally be also more than two to implement several alternative places for an operating band. On the other hand, more than two operating bands may be implemented by the radiating plane, in which case the displacements of them all can be controlled by one adjusting circuit to some extent.
In the example of
Another alternative would be to design the adjusting circuit so that when the radiator is connected to the open tuning line, the whole adjusting circuit would be “seen” as an open transmission line with about a quarter wavelength at the frequencies of the lower operating band, and correspondingly as an open transmission line with about a half wavelength at the frequencies of the upper operating band. On the other hand, when the radiator is connected to the short-circuited tuning line, the whole adjusting circuit would be “seen” as a short-circuited transmission line with about a quarter wavelength at the frequencies of the lower operating band, and correspondingly as a short-circuited transmission line with about a half wavelength at the frequencies of the upper operating band. Also in this case the impedance of the adjusting circuit would change from low to high in the lower operating band and from high to low in the upper operating band, when the switch state is changed. This again results in that the lower operating band shifts down-wards and the upper operating band shifts upwards, as in the previous case corresponding to the exemplary design. Using discrete components according to the invention, the physical lengths of the transmission lines needed are considerably shorter, for which reason the adjusting circuit fits into a smaller space.
The left end of the curve 61 represents the band used by GSM900 system and the right end represents the band used by GSM1800 system. In the previous band the adjusting circuit impedance is intended to be low, in which case particularly the resistive part of the impedance should be low. The resistive part is indeed only about 5% of the antenna characteristics impedance. In the band used by GSM1800 system the adjusting circuit impedance is intended to be high. In this example it is inductive and has an absolute value, which is about five times the antenna characteristics impedance. The left end of the curve 62 represents the band used by GSM1900 system and the right end represents the band used by GSM850 system. In the previous band the adjusting circuit impedance is intended to be low, in which case particularly the resistive part of the impedance should be low. The resistive part is indeed less than 10% of the antenna characteristics impedance. In the band used by GSM850 system the adjusting circuit impedance is intended to be high. In this example it is inductive and has an absolute value, which is nearly three times the antenna characteristics impedance.
The antenna proper and the adjusting circuit are designed so that when the radiator is connected to the open tuning line, the antenna's upper operating band covers e.g. the frequency range of the GSM1800 system and the lower operating band covers e.g. the frequency range of the GSM850 system. At the frequencies of the lower operating band the adjusting circuit impedance is arranged to be relatively high. The inductance of the coil L2 is chosen so that its reactance in the upper operating band is relatively high. For this reason the adjusting circuit impedance hardly changes at the frequencies of the upper operating band when the radiator is connected to the tuning line, which is terminated by the coil L2. In that case the upper operating band remains nearly in its place. Instead, at the frequencies of the lower operating band the adjusting circuit impedance becomes lower so that the lower operating band shifts upwards for example to the range used by the GSM900 system.
Another way to limit the effect of the switch to one operating band is to implement the LC circuit between the radiator and the switch as a filter, the cut-off frequency of which is located between the lower and upper operating bands of the antenna. When the object is to displace only the upper operating band, the filter is of high-pass type, and when the object is to displace only the lower operating band, the filter is of low-pass type. The order of the filter is naturally selectable. Also this kind of filter functions at the same time as an ESD protector for the switch. For this aim a high-pass part can be added to the low-pass filter so that a bandpass filter is formed.
The antenna in
The adjustable multiband antenna according to the invention has been described above. Its structure can naturally differ from that presented. The invention does not limit the manufacturing method of the antenna. The antenna can be e.g. ceramic, in which case the radiators are conductive coatings of the ceramics. The switch used in the adjusting circuit can be of e.g. the FET (Field Effect Transistor), PHEMT (Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor) or MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) type. It is possible to use a capacitance diode as the adjusting component, too. The inventive idea can be applied in different ways within the scope defined by the independent claim 1.
Braun, Christian, Leskelä, Antti, Milosavljevic, Zlatoljub
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