Provided is an MRI apparatus. In the MRI apparatus, a data collection unit repetitively performs a tag mode of applying an rf wave to at least an upstream portion of an imaging area to perform fluid labeling of a fluid flown into the imaging area and, after a lapse of an inversion time from application of the rf wave, performing magnetic resonance data collection, while changing the inversion time. An image reconstruction unit reconstructs a plurality of tag images corresponding to a plurality of different inversion times based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the tag mode. A reference image generation unit generates a reference image based on the plurality of the tag images. A fluid image generation unit generates a subtraction image between each of the tag images and the reference image as a fluid image.
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20. A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus comprising:
a data collection unit that repetitively performs an imaging mode of applying an rf wave to a subject to label a fluid flown into the subject and, after a lapse of an inversion time from application of the rf wave, performing magnetic resonance data collection while changing the inversion time;
an image reconstruction unit that reconstructs a plurality of images corresponding to a plurality of different inversion times based on the magnetic resonance data;
a reference image generation unit that generates a reference image based on the plurality of the images; and
a fluid image generation unit that generates a subtraction image between each of the images and the reference image as a fluid image.
1. A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus comprising:
a data collection unit that repetitively performs a tag mode of applying an rf wave to at least an upstream portion of an imaging area to label a fluid flown into the imaging area and, after a lapse of an inversion time from application of the rf wave, performing magnetic resonance data collection, while changing the inversion time;
an image reconstruction unit that reconstructs a plurality of tag images corresponding to a plurality of different inversion times based on magnetic resonance data collected in the tag mode;
a reference image generation unit that generates a reference image based on the plurality of the tag images; and
a fluid image generation unit that generates a subtraction image between each of the tag images and the reference image as a fluid image.
13. A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus comprising:
a data collection unit that repetitively performs a control mode of applying an rf wave to an imaging area without labeling a fluid through application of an rf wave to an upstream portion of the imaging area and, after a lapse of an inversion time from application of the rf wave, performing magnetic resonance data collection, while changing the inversion time;
an image reconstruction unit that reconstructs a plurality of control images corresponding to a plurality of different inversion times based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the control mode;
a reference image generation unit that generates a reference image based on the plurality of the control images; and
a fluid image generation unit that generates subtraction images between each of the control images and the reference image as fluid images.
21. A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus comprising:
a data collection unit that repetitively performs an imaging mode of applying an rf wave to a subject to label a fluid flown into the subject and, after a lapse of an inversion time from application of the rf wave, performing magnetic resonance data collection of an imaging area while changing the inversion time;
an image reconstruction unit that reconstructs a plurality of images corresponding to a plurality of different inversion times based on the magnetic resonance data;
a fluid image generation unit that generates a fluid image by generating a subtraction image between at least one of the plurality of the images and a reference image, the reference image being an image obtained before the labeled fluid is flown into the imaging area or an image obtained after magnetization of a fluid in the imaging area is relaxed.
2. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the reference image generation unit generates the reference image by using the tag image exhibiting a small difference in signal intensity between a blood flow portion and a background tissue among the plurality of the tag images.
3. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
a display unit that displays a plurality of the fluid images generated by the fluid image generation unit as behavior expression in a cine display format or a parallel display format.
4. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein at the time of performing the tag mode, the data collection unit applies a non-selective inversion recovery pulse to a range including the imaging area and the fluid flown into the imaging area so that the magnetic resonance data collection is started at the time when a longitudinal magnetization of at least one type of tissue among tissues included in the imaging area becomes nearly zero.
5. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the data collection unit applies a saturation pulse to a range including the imaging area just before the magnetic resonance data collection is started.
6. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the reference image generation unit selects among the tag images an image obtained before the fluid is flown into the imaging area or an image obtained after magnetization of the fluid in the imaging area is relaxed, and generates the reference image based on the selected image.
7. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the reference image generation unit selects a plurality of images obtained before the fluid is flown into the imaging area or a plurality of images obtained after magnetization of the fluid in the imaging area is relaxed, and generates an average image of the plurality of the selected images as the reference image.
8. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the data collection unit further performs a control mode a given number of times that is smaller than the number of performances of the tag mode, the control mode being an imaging mode of applying an rf wave to the imaging area without labeling a fluid through application of an rf wave to an upstream portion of the imaging area and, after a lapse of an inversion time from application of the rf wave, performing magnetic resonance data collection,
wherein the image reconstruction unit further reconstructs control images as many as a number smaller than that of the tag images, based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the control mode,
wherein the reference image generation unit generates one reference image or a plurality of control images for subtraction corresponding to the plurality of different inversion times by using the control images as many as a number smaller than that of the tag images, and
wherein the fluid image generation unit generates a subtraction image between each of the tag images and the reference image or generates a subtraction image between the tag image and the generated control image for each inversion time.
9. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the data collection unit performs the control mode under a collection condition which is the same as the collection condition used at the time of performing the tag mode.
10. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the data collection unit uses Steady State Free Precession (SSFP), Gradient Echo (GRE), Fast Spin Echo (FSE), or Echo Planar imaging (EPI) as an imaging sequence for magnetic resonance data collection.
11. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the fluid image generation unit further performs longitudinal relaxation correction on the fluid image according to the inversion time based on a T1 value of the fluid.
12. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the data collection unit applies the rf wave for performing the fluid labeling to the upstream portion or downstream portion of the imaging area and applies no rf wave to the imaging area until a predetermined inversion time elapses from application of the rf wave.
14. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the reference image generation unit generates the reference image by using the control image exhibiting a small difference in signal intensity between a blood flow portion and a background tissue among the plurality of the control images.
15. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
a display unit that displays a plurality of the fluid images generated by the fluid image generation unit as behavior expression in a cine display format or a parallel display format.
16. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein at the time of performing the control mode, the data collection unit applies a non-selective inversion recovery pulse to a range including the imaging area and the fluid flown into the imaging area so that the magnetic resonance data collection is started at the time when a longitudinal magnetization of at least one type of tissue among tissues included in the imaging area becomes nearly zero.
17. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the data collection unit applies a saturation pulse to a range including the imaging area just before the magnetic resonance data collection is started.
18. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the reference image generation unit selects among the control images an image obtained before the fluid is flown into the imaging area or an image obtained after magnetization of the fluid in the imaging area is relaxed, and generates the reference image based on the selected image.
19. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to
wherein the reference image generation unit selects a plurality of images obtained before the fluid is flown into the imaging area or a plurality of images obtained after magnetization of the fluid in the imaging area is relaxed, and generates an average image of the plurality of the selected images as the reference image.
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This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-029049, filed on Feb. 12, 2010; and Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-024332, filed on Feb. 7, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Embodiments described herein relate to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus.
An MRI apparatus is an apparatus which magnetically excites nuclear spins in a subject placed in a static magnetic field, with the use of a Radio Frequency (RF) pulse having Larmor frequency, and then reconstructs an image showing internal structures of the subject based on magnetic resonance signals generated by the excitation. In the related art, there is a method of imaging blood flow by using the MRI apparatus (for example, refer to JP-A 2009-56072 (KOKAI)).
For example, there is an Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) as an example of a method of imaging blood flow in a non-contrast-enhanced manner (for example, refer to (1) Edelmann R R at al., Radiology 192: 513-519 (1994); (2) KIMURA Tokunori, “non-invasive blood flow imaging according to Modified STAR using asymmetric inversion slabs (ASTAR) method” Journal of Japanese Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2001, 20 (8), 374-385; (3) Kwong K K, Chesler D A, koff R M, Donahue K M, et al., “MR perfusion studies with T1-weighted echo planar imaging”, MRM (Mag. Reson. Med), 34: 878-887 (1995); (4) Dixon W T et al., MRM, 18: 257 (1991); and (5) Non-enhanced Time-Resolved MRA using Inflow Arterial Spin Labeling, 2009 ISMRM, pp 3486). In general, in the ASL, the MRI apparatus generates an image of only blood flow components, where stationary tissues are erased, by generating subtraction images between tag images obtained in a tag mode and control images obtained in a control mode.
The tag mode referred herein is, for example, an imaging mode of applying an RF wave to an upstream portion of the artery passing through an imaging area to impart a label referred to as a tag to blood being flown into the imaging area and, and performing imaging after a lapse of an inversion time (TI) after a predetermined label after application of the RF wave. In addition, the control mode is an imaging mode of, after a lapse of a predetermined TI, performing the magnetic resonance data collection without performing the fluid labeling through application of the RF wave to the upstream portion of the imaging area. In other words, the control mode is the imaging mode other than the tag mode among non-contrast-enhanced MRA (MR Angiography) imaging modes. As the control mode, there are, for example, a control mode of performing non-contrast-enhanced imaging without performing imparting a tag to a fluid, a control mode of imparting a tag to a fluid in an imaging area, a control mode of imparting a tag to a fluid in a downstream portion of the imaging area, or the like.
In addition, there is a method of generating an image of the behavior of a blood flow by repetitively performing ASL with TI being changed. In this method, the MRI apparatus generates an image pair composed of the tag image and the control image for each TI and generates a subtraction image including only a blood flow component for each TI. Hereinafter, a method of collecting an image pair composed of a tag image and a control image for each TI and generating a subtraction image of each image is referred to as an “N−N subtraction method.”
In addition, there is a method of generating an image of a blood flow by using only the tag image without generating the subtraction image between the tag image and the control image. For example, there is a method referred as a Multiple IR (mIR) method (for example, refer to Non-enhanced Time-Resolved MRA using Inflow Arterial Spin Labeling, 2009 ISMRM, pp 3487; Quantitative Dynamic MR Angiography using ASL based True FISP., 2009 ISMRM, pp 3635; and Mani S et al., MRM, 37: 898-905 (1997)). In this method, the MRI apparatus applies an area-selective saturation pulse to the imaging area, and after that, an area-non-selective inversion recovery (IR) pulse several times. Next, the MRI apparatus generates a blood flow image, where the signal intensity in the stationary tissue is suppressed, by starting the magnetic resonance data collection at the time where the longitudinal magnetization of the stationary tissue is recovered from a negative value to near zero due to the longitudinal relaxation. Hereinafter, as an mIR method, a method of obtaining a blood flow image without generation of a subtraction image is referred to as an “mIR subtraction-less method.”
In addition, a method of simultaneously using the N−N subtraction method and the mIR method is also disclosed (for example, refer to Mani S et al., MRM, 37: 898-905 (1997)). In this method, the MRI apparatus generates a tag image and a control image by using the mIR method and generates a subtraction image between the tag image and the control image. Hereinafter, this method is referred to as an “mIR N−N subtraction method.”
The N−N subtraction method is advantageous in that the stationary tissue can be erased with high accuracy but it is problematic in that the imaging time is long.
In addition, in a conventional mIR subtraction-less method, the imaging time for generating a blood flow image is relatively short because only the tag image used. However, this method is problematic in that it is difficult to adjust the number of applications of the area-non-selective IR pulse and the timing of starting the data collection in order to erase the stationary tissue with high accuracy. In general, the stationary tissue in the imaging area includes plural types of tissues such as fat, cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, and gray matter. However, the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) indicating a time interval from the time of excitation due to the application of an RF wave to the time of recovery to a steady state, is different according to the type of tissue. Therefore, it is difficult to adjust the number of applications of the area-non-selective IR pulse and the timing of starting the data collection so that, for all types of tissues, the time where the longitudinal magnetization is recovered to near zero is coincident with each other. For example, in the case where the number of applications of the area-non-selective IR pulse is set to two, the tissue such as fat, of which the T1 value is short, may remain. In addition, although the number of applications of the area-non-selective IR pulse is set to two and the signal intensity of the tissue, of which the T1 value is short, may be allowed to be near zero, in this case, the signal intensity of the tissue such as cerebrospinal fluid, of which the TI value is long, cannot be allowed to be near zero. In addition, although the signal intensity of the plural types of tissues may be allowed to be near zero by increasing the number of applications of the area-non-selective IR pulse up to three or more, in this case, the imaging time is increased. In this manner, in the mIR subtraction-less method, although the number of applications of the area-non-selective IR pulse and the timing of starting the data collection are adjusted so that the stationary tissue may be erased with high accuracy, there is a limitation in suppressing the background.
In addition, the aforementioned problems occur not only in the case where the blood flow image is imaged but occur also in the case of imaging other fluids (for example, cerebrospinal fluid, or the like).
Hereinafter, embodiments of an MRI apparatus will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, embodiments of the MRI apparatus are not limited to the below-described ones. For example, the below-described embodiments refer to only the case of imaging a blood flow. However, embodiments may be embodied in cases of imaging various fluids (for example, a cerebrospinal fluid, or the like).
The MRI apparatus according to the embodiment includes a data collection unit, an image reconstruction unit, a reference image generation unit, and a fluid image generation unit. The data collection unit applies an RF wave to an upstream portion of an imaging area or applies the RF wave only to the imaging area, so that a subtraction in strength of a longitudinal magnetization is generated between the upstream portion and the inner portion of the imaging area. The image reconstruction unit reconstructs a plurality of label images corresponding to a plurality of different TIs based on magnetic resonance data collected by the data collection unit. The reference image generation unit generates a reference image based on the plurality of the label images. The fluid image generation unit generates a subtraction image between each of the plurality of the label images and the reference image as a fluid image.
Firstly, an embodiment regarding an mIR subtraction-less method is described as a first embodiment.
The static magnetic field magnet 1 is a magnet formed in the shape of a hollow cylinder, which generates a uniform static magnetic field in an inner space. As the static magnetic field magnet 1, for example, a permanent magnet, a superconductor magnet, or the like may be used.
The gradient magnetic field coil 2 is a coil formed in the shape of a hollow cylinder, which is disposed inside the static magnetic field magnet 1. The gradient magnetic field coil 2 is formed as a combination of three coils corresponding to the X, Y, and Z axes perpendicular to one other. The three coils are individually applied with currents from the later-described gradient magnetic field power source 3, so that gradient magnetic fields of which the magnetic field intensities are different in the X, Y, and Z axes can be generated. In addition, the direction of the Z axis is set to be the same as that of the static magnetic field. The gradient magnetic field power source 3 supplies the current to the gradient magnetic field coil 2.
Herein, the gradient magnetic fields in the X, Y, and Z axes generated by the gradient magnetic field coil 2 correspond to, for example, the slice selection gradient magnetic field Gs, the phase encoding gradient magnetic field Ge, and the readout gradient magnetic field Gr. The slice selection gradient magnetic field Gs is used to arbitrarily determine the imaging cross-section. The phase encoding gradient magnetic field Ge is used to change the phase of the magnetic resonance signal according to the spatial position. The readout gradient magnetic field Gr is used to change the frequency of the magnetic resonance signal according to the spatial position.
The bed 4 includes a top board 4a on which the subject P is mounted. Under the control of the later-described bed controller 5, in the state where the subject P is mounted, the top board 4a is inserted into a cavity (imaging entrance) of the gradient magnetic field coil 2. Typically, the bed 4 is disposed in a manner such that the longitudinal direction thereof is parallel to the central axis of the static magnetic field magnet 1. The bed controller 5 is a unit of controlling the bed 4 under the control of a controller 36. The bed controller 5 drives the bed 4 and moves the top board 4a in the longitudinal direction and the upward and downward directions.
The transmitting RF coil 6 is disposed inside the gradient magnetic field coil 2 to be supplied with a high frequency pulse from the transmitter 7 to generate a high frequency magnetic field. The transmitter 7 transmits a high frequency pulse corresponding to Larmor frequency to the transmitting RF coil 6.
The receiving RF coil 8 is disposed inside the gradient magnetic field coil 2 to receive a magnetic resonance signal radiated from the subject P due to the influence of the aforementioned high frequency magnetic field. If the receiving RF coil 8 receives the magnetic resonance signal, the receiving RF coil 8 outputs the magnetic resonance signal to the receiver 9.
The receiver 9 generates the k-space data based on the magnetic resonance signal output from the receiving RF coil 8. More specifically, the receiver 9 generates the k-space data by converting the magnetic resonance signal output from the receiving RF coil 8 into digital signals. The k-space data are mapped to information on the spatial frequencies in a Phase Encode (PE) direction, a Read Out (RO) direction, and a Slice Encode (SE) by the slice selection gradient magnetic field Gs, the phase encoding gradient magnetic field Ge, and the readout gradient magnetic field Gr described above. Next, if the k-space data are generated, the receiver 9 transmits the k-space data to the sequencer 10.
The sequencer 10 scans the subject P by driving the gradient magnetic field power source 3, the transmitter 7, and the receiver 9 based on the sequence information transmitted from the calculation system 30. Herein, the sequence information denotes information defining a procedure for scanning, such as the strength of the power supplied from the gradient magnetic field power source 3 to the gradient magnetic field coil 2, the power supply timing, the strength of the RF signal transmitted from the transmitter 7 to the transmitting RF coil 6, the RF signal transmission timing, and the timing of detection of the magnetic resonance signal in the receiver 9.
In addition, if the subject P is scanned by driving the gradient magnetic field power source 3, the transmitter 7, and as a result, the k-space data are transmitted from the receiver 9, the sequencer 10 transmits the k-space data to the calculation system 30.
The ECG sensor 21 is attached to the surface of the subject P to detect the ECG signals such heartbeat, pulse wave, breath, and the like as electrical signals. The ECG unit 22 applies various processes including an A/D conversion process or a delay process on the ECG signal detected by the ECG sensor 21 to generate a gate signal and transmits the generated gate signal to the sequencer 10.
The calculation system 30 performs control of the entire MRI apparatus 100. For example, the calculation system 30 performs data collection, image reconstruction, or the like by driving the aforementioned components. The calculation system 30 includes an interface unit 31, an image reconstruction unit 32, a storage unit 33, an input unit 34, a display unit 35, and the controller 36.
The interface unit 31 controls transmission and reception of various signals which are exchanged between the calculation system 30 and the sequencer 10. For example, the interface unit 31 transmits the sequence information to the sequencer 10 and receives the k-space data from the sequencer 10. If the k-space data are received, the interface unit 31 stores each of the k-space data for each subject P in the storage unit 33.
The image reconstruction unit 32 applies a post process, that is, a reconstruction process such as Fourier Transform on the k-space data stored in the storage unit 33 to generate image data which visualizes an internal portion of the subject P.
The storage unit 33 stores the k-space data received by the interface unit 31, the image data generated by the image reconstruction unit 32, or the like for each subject P.
The input unit 34 receives various commands or information input from a manipulator. As the input unit 34, a pointing device such as a mouse or a trackball, a selection device such as a mode conversion switch, or an input device such as a keyboard can be appropriately used.
The display unit 35 displays various types of information such as spectrum data or image data under the control of the controller 36. As the display unit 35, a display device such as a liquid crystal display can be used.
The controller 36 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) (not shown), a memory, or the like to perform control of the entire MRI apparatus 100. More specifically, the controller 36 controls the scanning by generating the sequence information based on various commands received through the input unit 34 from the manipulator and transmitting the generated sequence information to the sequencer 10 or controls the image reconstruction performed based on the k-space data as a scanning result transmitted from the sequencer 10.
Under the configuration, in the MRI apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment, the sequencer 10 repetitively performs the control mode with TI being changed. In addition, in the first embodiment, the sequencer 10 repetitively performs the control mode of applying an RF wave to an imaging area and, after a lapse of a predetermined TI, performing the magnetic resonance data collection instead of performing the blood labeling, through application of the RF wave to an upstream portion of the imaging area, with TI being changed. In other words, in the first embodiment, the sequencer 10 repetitively performs the imaging mode of imparting a tag to blood in the imaging area as the control mode. Next, the calculation system 30 reconstructs a plurality of the control images corresponding to a plurality of different TIs based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the control mode. In addition, the calculation system 30 generates a reference image based on the plurality of the control images and generates a subtraction image between each of the control images and the reference image as a blood flow image.
In other words, the MRI apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment generates the reference image by using the plurality of the control images generated for the TIs and generates the subtraction image between the reference image and each of the control images. In this manner, the method of generating the subtraction image between each of the images generated for each TI and the reference image selected among the images is referred to as an “N−1 subtraction method”. According to the N−1 subtraction method, only the control image is used, so that the imaging time is reduced. In addition, by generating the subtraction image, the signal intensity of the stationary tissue other than the blood flow can be suppressed with high accuracy. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, it may be possible to reduce the imaging time and generate the blood flow image where the stationary tissue is erased with high accuracy.
Hereinafter, the MRI apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment is described more in detail.
As illustrated in
The imaging parameter storage unit 33a stores various imaging parameters that are necessary in order to set the imaging condition to obtain the blood flow image. The k-space data storage unit 33b stores the k-space data received through the interface unit 31 from the sequencer 10. The image data storage unit 33c stores the image reconstructed from the k-space data by the image reconstruction unit 32.
In addition, the controller 36 includes an imaging condition setting unit 36a, a sequencer controller 36b, a reference image generation unit 36c, and a blood flaw image generation unit 36d.
The imaging condition setting unit 36a sets the imaging condition based on various commands received through the input unit 34 from the manipulator and the imaging parameters stored in the imaging parameter storage unit 33a.
The sequencer controller 36b generates sequence information based on the imaging condition set by the imaging condition setting unit 36a and transmits the generated sequence information through the interface unit 31 to the sequencer 10. In addition, the sequencer controller 36b stores the k-space data received through the interface unit 31 from the sequencer 10 in the k-space data storage unit 33b.
The reference image generation unit 36c generates a reference image based on a plurality of the control images stored in the image data storage unit 33c. For example, the reference image generation unit 36c selects, among the control images, an image obtained before blood is flown into the imaging area or an image obtained after magnetization of blood in the imaging area is relaxed, and generates the reference image based on the selected image.
The blood flow image generation unit 36d generates a subtraction image between each of the control images reconstructed by the image reconstruction unit 32 and the reference image generated by the reference image generation unit 36c as a blood flow image. In addition, the blood flow image generation unit 36d displays the generated blood flow image.
Next, a blood flow image generation procedure in the MRI apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment is described.
First, the imaging condition setting unit 36a sets an imaging condition of repetitively performing the control mode with TI being changed (Step S12). In addition, in the first embodiment, the imaging condition setting unit 36a sets an imaging condition of imparting a tag to blood in the imaging area by applying an area-selective saturation pulse to the imaging area and by performing data collection after a lapse of a predetermined TI from the time of application of the saturation pulse, as an imaging condition of the control mode.
As illustrated in
Next, as illustrated in
If the saturation pulse SAT is applied, the magnetization vector of the tissue included in the application area 42 drops in direction by 90°, so that the longitudinal magnetization becomes zero.
After that, as time elapses, the longitudinal magnetization of the tissue included in the imaging area 41 is recovered according to T1 of each tissue. Next, at the time preceding by TInss1 from the starting of the data collection (imaging illustrated in
Next, if the first area-non-selective IR pulse nssIR1 is applied, the magnetization vector of the tissue in the application area 43 is inverted by 180° to become a negative value. For example, as illustrated in
After that, as time elapses, the longitudinal magnetization of the tissue included in the imaging area 41 is recovered according to T1 of each tissue. Next, at the time preceding by TInss2 from the starting of the data collection (imaging illustrated in
Next, if the second area-non-selective IR pulse nssIR2 is applied, the magnetization vector of the tissue in the application area 43 is inverted by 180°. Herein, as illustrated in
In addition, as illustrated in
In addition, the first embodiment relates to the case where the area-non-selective IR pulse is applied twice. However, the area-non-selective IR pulse may be applied once, or three times or more.
In addition, as the imaging sequence for the data collection, for example, Steady State Free Precession (SSFP) is used. Alternatively, Gradient Echo (GRE), Fast Spin Echo (FSE), Echo Planar Imaging (EPI), or the like may be used.
Returning to the description of
Subsequently, the image reconstruction unit 32 reconstructs a plurality of the control images corresponding to a plurality of different TIs based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the control mode (Step S14).
After that, the reference image generation unit 36c selects reference image candidates among the plurality of the control images stored in the image data storage unit 33c (Step S15). For example, the reference image generation unit 36c selects the control image obtained before the inflow of the blood to the imaging area among the plurality of the control images reconstructed for each TI. Alternatively, the reference image generation unit 36c selects the control image obtained after the relaxation of magnetization of the blood in the imaging area among the plurality of the control images reconstructed for each TI.
In addition, the signal value referred herein can be obtained, for example, by extracting pixels, of which the pixel value is a threshold value or more, from a plurality of pixels included in a control image and by calculating the average of the extracted pixel values. Alternatively, the signal value referred herein may be the average of the pixel values of pixels included in a Region Of Interest (ROI) set as a vessel portion by a manipulator.
In addition, the threshold value used herein is set in advance to a value by which a signal value representing, for example, air can be erased. Alternatively, for example, a value of 5% maximum pixel value among the pixel values of the pixels included in the control image for the shortest TI may be used as the threshold value. In this case, the same threshold value is used for the control images for all the TIs.
Next, for example, the reference image generation unit 36c selects the control images, each exhibiting a difference in signal intensity, as large as a threshold value or less, from the signal intensity of the control image obtained when no blood flows, among a plurality of the control images. For example, as illustrated in
Returning to the description of
In addition, the reference image generation unit 36c may generate a reference image by using a control image exhibiting a small difference in signal intensity between a blood flow portion and a background tissue, among a plurality of control images.
In addition, herein, the case where the reference image generation unit 36c automatically selects the candidates of the reference image is described. However, for example, the reference image generation unit 36c may receive from a manipulator an input as a result of a manipulation of selecting a control image as the candidate of the reference image among a plurality of control images and generate the reference image by using the control image selected by the manipulator. In this case, for example, the reference image generation unit 36c allows a plurality of the control images reconstructed for TIs to be displayed on the display unit 35 and receives from the manipulator an input as a result of a manipulation of selecting one control image or a plurality of control images among the plurality of the displayed control images. Alternatively, for example, as illustrated in
After that, the blood flow image generation unit 36d generates the subtraction image between each of the control images reconstructed by the image reconstruction unit 32 and the reference image generated by the reference image generation unit 36c as a blood flow image (Step S17).
Returning to the description of
As described above, in the first embodiment, the sequencer 10 repetitively performs the control mode of applying an RF wave to the imaging area and, and after a lapse of a predetermined TI, performing magnetic resonance data collection without performing the blood labeling through application of the RF wave to an upstream portion of the imaging area, with the IT being changed. Next, the image reconstruction unit 32 reconstructs a plurality of the control images corresponding to a plurality of different TIs based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the control mode. After that, the reference image generation unit 36c generates a reference image based on the plurality of the control images. In addition, the blood flow image generation unit 36d generates a subtraction image between each of the control images and the reference image as a blood flow image. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, it is possible to reduce the imaging time and to generate the blood flow image where the stationary tissue is erased with high accuracy.
In addition, in the first embodiment, at the time of performing the control mode, the sequencer 10 applies a non-selective inversion recovery pulse to a range including the imaging area and the blood flown into the imaging area so that the magnetic resonance data collection is started at the time when the longitudinal magnetization of at least one type of tissue among the tissues included in the imaging area becomes substantially zero. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, since the control image, of which the signal intensity in the stationary tissue is suppressed, can be reconstructed, so that it may be possible to generate the blood flow image where the stationary tissue is erased with higher accuracy.
In addition, in the first embodiment, the reference image generation unit 36c selects among the control images an image obtained before blood is flown into the imaging area or an image obtained after magnetization of blood in the imaging area is relaxed, and generates the reference image based on the selected image. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, it may be possible to generate the blood flow image without a decrease in signal intensity in the blood flow portion.
In addition, in the first embodiment, the reference image generation unit 36c selects a plurality of the images obtained before blood is flown into the imaging area or a plurality of the images obtained after magnetization of blood in the imaging area is relaxed, and generates an average image of the plurality of the selected images as the reference image. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, since the SN ratio of the reference image can improve, it may be possible to obtain the blood flow image with higher accuracy.
In addition, in the first embodiment, the sequencer 10 uses the SSFP as the imaging sequence for the magnetic resonance data collection. In general, in the SSFP, in order to allow the longitudinal magnetization to be in the steady state, a plurality of dummy pulses needs to be applied at the starting of the data collection. Therefore, in the SSFP, the TI or Trepeat is increased, so that the imaging time also increases. However, according to the first embodiment, since the number of dummy pulses can be decreased in comparison with a conventional mIR subtraction-less method, it may be possible to obtain the shortest TI or Trepeat.
In addition, in a modified example of the aforementioned first embodiment, for example, the sequencer 10 may be configured in a manner such that, before the magnetic resonance data collection is started, a saturation pulse is applied to a range including the imaging area.
As illustrated in
Next, an mIR N−N subtraction method according to the second embodiment is described. In addition, the configuration of the MRI apparatus according to the second embodiment is the same as those illustrated in
In the second embodiment, the sequencer 10 repetitively performs the tag mode of performing fluid labeling of a fluid flown into the imaging area by applying an RF wave to at least an upstream portion of the imaging area and, after a lapse of TI from application of the RF wave, performing the magnetic resonance data collection, with the TI being changed. Next, the calculation system 30 reconstructs a plurality of the tag images corresponding to a plurality of different TIs based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the tag mode. In addition, the calculation system 30 generates a reference image based on the plurality of the tag images and generates subtraction images each between the reference image and each of the tag images
In addition, in the second embodiment, the sequencer 10 performs the control mode of applying an RF wave to an imaging area and, after a lapse of TI, performing the magnetic resonance data collection without performing of the blood flow labeling through application of the RF wave to an upstream portion of the imaging area by performance number smaller than that of the tag mode. In addition, the calculation system 30 further reconstructs the control images, of which the number is smaller than that of the tag images, based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the control mode.
Next, the calculation system 30 generates one reference image by using the control images, of which the number is smaller than that of the tag images, and generates subtraction images between the generated reference image and the plurality of the tag images. In this manner, the method of generating one reference image from control images, of which the number is smaller than that of tag images, and generating subtraction images between the tag images and the reference image is referred to as an “N−M collection N−1 subtraction method.” In addition, N and M are natural numbers, and 1≦M<N.
Alternatively, the calculation system 30 generates a plurality of control images for subtraction corresponding to a plurality of different TIs by using the control images of which the number is smaller than that of the tag images. Next, the calculation system 30 generates subtraction images between the tag images and the generated control images for the TIs. In this manner, a method of generating the control images for subtraction, of which the number is equal to that of the tag images, from the control images, of which the number is smaller that that of the tag images, and generating the subtraction images between the tag images and the generated control images for the TIs is referred to as an “N−M collection N−N subtraction method.”
Hereinafter, a blood flow image generation procedure in the MRI apparatus according to the second embodiment is described.
First, the imaging condition setting unit 36a sets an imaging condition of individually performing the tag mode and the control mode. In addition, in the second embodiment, the imaging condition setting unit 36a sets an imaging condition of imparting a tag to blood in an area including an imaging area and an upstream portion of the imaging area by applying an IR pulse to the area and, after a lapse of a predetermined TI from application of the IR pulse, performing imaging, as an imaging condition of the tag mode. In addition, in the second embodiment, the imaging condition setting unit 36a sets an imaging condition of imparting a tag to blood in the imaging area by applying an IR pulse to the imaging area and, after a lapse of a predetermined TI from application of a saturation pulse, performing data collection, as an imaging condition of the control mode.
In addition, at this time, the imaging condition setting unit 36a sets the imaging condition so that the tag mode can be repetitively performed with the TI being changed and the control mode is performed a given number of times that is smaller than the number of performances of the tag mode (Step S22).
As illustrated in
In this manner, since the imaging condition setting unit 36a sets the imaging condition in a manner such that the control mode is performed by the performance number smaller than that of the tag mode, it may be possible to reduce the imaging time in comparison with conventional N−N subtraction method or the mIR N−N subtraction method where the tag mode and the control mode are performed for each TI.
Next, as illustrated in
After application of the saturation pulse SAT, an IR pulse tag IR for the tag mode is applied. Herein, the IR pulse tag IR is a 180° pulse. For example, as illustrated in
After that, at time preceding by TInss1 from the starting of the data collection (imaging illustrated in
Next, similarly to the first embodiment, after the second area-non-selective IR pulse nssIR2 is applied, at the time when the absolute value of the longitudinal magnetization of the tissues where signals are suppressed becomes within a range which the absolute value is considered to be near zero, the data collection from the imaging area 61 is started.
On the other hand, in the control mode, as illustrated in
After application of the saturation pulse SAT, an IR pulse control IR for the control mode is applied. Herein, the IR pulse control IR is a 180° pulse. For example, as illustrated in
After that, at the time preceding by TInss1 from the starting of the data collection (imaging illustrated in
Next, similarly to the first embodiment, after the second area-non-selective IR pulse nssIR2 is applied, at the time when the absolute value of the longitudinal magnetization of the tissues where signals are suppressed becomes within a range which the absolute value is considered to be near zero, the data collection from the imaging area 61 is started.
In addition, similarly to the first embodiment, as the imaging sequence for the data collection in the tag mode and the control mode, for example, SSFP (Steady State Free Precession) is used. Alternatively, GRE (Gradient Echo), FSE (Fast Spin Echo), EPI (Echo Planar Imaging), or the like may be used.
In addition, it is preferable that the imaging condition setting unit 36a sets the imaging condition so that the control mode is performed with the same collection condition as the collection condition used at the time of performing the tag mode. Therefore, even in the case where a fat suppressing pulse is not applied just before the data collection is started, the signal intensity in the stationary tissue can be maintained uniform between the tag mode and the control mode, so that it is possible to erase the stationary tissue with higher accuracy.
In addition,
Returning to the description of
Subsequently, the image reconstruction unit 32 reconstructs a plurality of the tag images corresponding to a plurality of different TIs based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the tag mode (Step S24). In addition, the image reconstruction unit 32 reconstructs at least one control image based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the control mode (Step S25).
After that, similarly to the first embodiment, the reference image generation unit 36c selects the candidates of the reference image among the plurality of the tag images and the control images stored in the image data storage unit 33c (Step S26). For example, the reference image generation unit 36c selects among the plurality of the tag images and the control images an image before blood is flown into the imaging area. Alternatively, the reference image generation unit 36c selects among the plurality of the tag images reconstructed for the TIs an image after magnetization of blood in the imaging area is relaxed. In addition, at this time, one candidate of the reference image of a plurality of candidates of the reference image may be selected.
Returning to the description of
In addition, the reference image generation unit 36c may generate a reference image by using images, of which the difference in signal between a blood flow portion and a background tissue is small, among a plurality of the tag images and the control images.
After that, the blood flow image generation unit 36d generates a subtraction image between each of the tag images reconstructed by the image reconstruction unit 32 and the reference image generated by the reference image generation unit 36c as a blood flow image (Step S28). Herein, similarly to the first embodiment, in the blood flow image generated by the blood flow image generation unit 36d, since the signal intensity in the stationary tissue becomes near zero, the stationary tissue can be erased with high accuracy.
Returning to the description of
As described above, in the second embodiment, the sequencer 10 repetitively performs the tag mode of performing blood labeling of the blood being flown into the imaging area by applying an IR pulse to an upstream portion of the imaging area and after a lapse of a predetermined TI from application of the IF pulse, performing the magnetic resonance data collection, with the TI being changed. In addition, the sequencer 10 performs the control mode of applying an RF wave to the imaging area and, after a lapse of a predetermined TI, performing the magnetic resonance data without performing the blood labeling through application of the IR pulse to the upstream portion of the imaging area by performance number smaller than that of the tag mode. Next, the image reconstruction unit 32 reconstructs a plurality of the tag images corresponding to a plurality of different TIs based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the tag mode. In addition, the image reconstruction unit 32 reconstructs at least one control image based on the magnetic resonance data collected in the control mode. After that, the reference image generation unit 36c generates a reference image based on the plurality of the tag images and the control image. In addition, the blood flow image generation unit 36d generates a subtraction image between each of the tag images and the reference image as a fluid image. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, it is possible to reduce the imaging time and to generate the blood flow image where the stationary tissue is erased with high accuracy.
In addition, in the second embodiment, the sequencer 10 performs the control mode with the same collection condition as the collection condition used at the time of performing the tag mode. Therefore, even in the case where a fat suppressing pulse is not applied just before the data collection is started, the signal intensity in the stationary tissue can be maintained uniform between the tag mode and the control mode, so that it is possible to erase the stationary tissue with higher accuracy.
In addition, in the second embodiment, the case where Flow-sensitive Alternating Inversion Recovery (FAIR) series method of imparting a tag to blood in the imaging area is performed by the sequencer 10 is described. However, for example, the case where the Signal Targeting with Alternating Radio frequency (STAR) series method of imparting a tag to blood flown into the imaging area is performed by the sequencer 10 is also implemented.
In addition, in the second embodiment, the subtraction images between one reference image and a plurality of the tag images are generated as the blood flow images. However, for example, the reference images of which the number is equal to that of the tag images may be generated by interpolating the control images. In this case, the reference image generation unit 36c generates a plurality of the reference images corresponding to a plurality of different TIs based on the control images. Next, the blood flow image generation unit 36d generates subtraction images between the tag image and the reference images as the blood flow images for the TIs.
For example, the reference image generation unit 36c generates control images for subtraction, of which the number is equal to that of the tag images, from the control images for the TIs, of which the number is smaller than that of the collected tag images, by performing a calculation process such model function fitting. In the case where at least two control images exist, the reference image generation unit 36c may generate a plurality of the control images for subtraction through linear approximation. In addition, in the case where three control images exist, the reference image generation unit 36c may generate a plurality of the control images for subtraction through quadratic function approximation.
In this manner, even in the case where the signal intensity in the stationary tissue is changed according to the TI, by generating the control images for subtraction, of which the number is equal to that of the tag images, and generating the subtraction images for the TIs, it is possible to generate the blood flow image where the stationary tissue is erased with high accuracy.
In addition, in the second embodiment, at the time of performing the tag mode and the control mode, similarly to the first embodiment, the sequencer 10 applies non-selective inversion recovery pulse to a range including the imaging area and the blood flown into the imaging area so that the magnetic resonance data collection is started at the time when the longitudinal magnetization of at least one type of tissue among the tissues included in the imaging area becomes substantially zero. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, since the tag image where the signal intensity in the stationary tissue is suppressed can be reconstructed, so that it is possible to generate the blood flow image where the stationary tissue is erased with higher accuracy.
In addition, in the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the reference image generation unit 36c selects among the tag images an image before blood is flown into the imaging area or an image after magnetization of blood in the imaging area is relaxed and generates the reference image based on the selected image. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, it is possible to generate the blood flow image without a decrease in signal intensity in the blood flow portion.
In addition, in the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the reference image generation unit 36c selects a plurality of the images before blood is flown into the imaging area or a plurality of the images after magnetization of blood in the imaging area is relaxed and generates an average image of the plurality of the selected images as the reference image. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, since the SN ratio of the reference image can be improved, it is possible to obtain the blood flow image with higher accuracy.
In addition, similarly to the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, the sequencer 10 uses the SSFP as the imaging sequence of the time of collecting the magnetic resonance data. In general, in the SSFP, in order to allow the longitudinal magnetization to be in the steady state, a plurality of the dummy pulses need to be applied at the starting of the data collection, so that the TI or Trepeat is increased. In addition, as a result, the imaging time is also increased. However, according to the second embodiment, since the number of dummy pulses can be reduced in comparison with a conventional mIR N−N subtraction method, it is possible to obtain the shortest TI or Trepeat.
In addition, in the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the sequencer 10 may apply the saturation pulse to the range including the imaging area before the starting of the magnetic resonance data collection. Therefore, in the case where the TI is allowed to be changed, since the signal intensity of the tissue such as fat, of which the T1 value is short, is almost the same, so that it is possible to erase the signal intensity of the tissue such as fat, of which the T1 value is short, with high accuracy.
In addition, in the first and second embodiment, the case of using a single tag & single TI method where the sequencer 10 applies the IR pulse for the tag allocation at every time when the data collection is performed is described. However, the embodiment may be implemented in the case of using, for example, a single tag & multi TI method where the sequencer 10 applies the IR pulse once and, after that, continuously perform the data collection multiple times.
In addition, in the single tag & multi TI method, in general, since the longitudinal magnetization is insufficiently recovered, the TI becomes long, so that the signal intensity of each tissue is attenuated.
In this case, the blood flow image generation unit 36d performs the relaxation correction on the blood flow image according to the TI based on the T1 value of the blood. For example, when the T1 value of the blood is denoted by T1blood, the blood flow image generation unit 36d performs correction of scaling an inverse function 1/exp[−TI/T1blood] for correcting the longitudinal relaxation of the blood. Alternatively, for example, the blood flow image generation unit 36d performs correction using a function having an after-labeling TI, the number of IR pulses m in the mIR method, a T1 value T1blood of the blood, a repetition time TR of an excited pulse in the data collection, the number of encodes N for each shot in the data collection, and a repetition time Trepeat of IR pulse for tag allocation as variables. In addition, if the blood flow signal is obtained after the differentiation, in the case where quantification of Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) is not a purpose but imaging of vessel behavior is a purpose, the correction of the signal intensity for each of the TIs is not necessarily performed.
In addition, in the first and second embodiments, the case where the area-non-selective IR pulse or the saturation pulse is applied to the imaging area is described. However, for example, the sequencer 10 may be configured so that the sequencer 10 applies the RF wave for performing blood flow labeling to the upstream portion of the downstream portion of the imaging area and applies no RF wave to the imaging area until the TI elapses after application of the RF wave.
In addition, in the first and second embodiments, the case where an inversion recovery pulse for performing the blood flow labeling is applied for a short time is described. However, recently, as a method of performing the blood flow labeling of the blood flow flown into the imaging area, there has been disclosed a method of continuously or intermittently applying an inversion recovery pulse. In the other embodiments, this method may be used. In this case, for example, the MRI apparatus continuously or intermittently applies an inversion recovery pulse for performing the labeling to an upstream side of a imaging area, and performs the magnetic resonance data collection while fixing or changing the TI that indicates an waiting time from the time of application of the inversion pulse to the time of imaging of the imaging area (the time of application of a high frequency excitation pulse). In addition, the MRI apparatus reconstructs a plurality of MR images corresponding to a plurality of different TIs based on the collected magnetic resonance data. Next, the MRI apparatus generates a reference image based on a plurality of the reconstructed MR images and generates subtraction images between each of the MR images and the reference image as the blood flow images. Alternatively, the MRI apparatus may use as the reference image, among the reconstructed MR images, an MR image (tag image) in which a fluid applied a continuous or pulsed continuous inversion pulse at a tagging area on an upstream side of an imaging area has not reached at the imaging area. In addition, MR images each subtracted with the reference image are not limited to a plurality of MR images each corresponding to a plurality of TIs, but may be one or more images. In addition, the inversion recovery pulse for performing the labeling is not limited to the RF pulse, but a continuous RF wave may be used. Herein the RF pulse and the continuous RF wave are collectively referred as an RF wave.
While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel embodiments described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.
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