A web-based system scans content for specific terms, and transforms occurrences of the terms into hypertext links. Each hypertext link provides access to a dynamically generated web page which contains aggregated content related to the respective term. The aggregated content may be gathered through a distributed keyword search of various content sources, including web sites and other sources on a wide area network. The results of the keyword search are aggregated into a single page or document, preferably with filtering to remove page elements not well suited for display on a mobile device. Occurrences of specific terms on this dynamically generated page may similarly be transformed into links, such that the user can browse content from various sources within a confined environment.
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2. A computer-implemented method of determining a context of a term in a web page, the method comprising the following operations performed by one or more processors:
identifying the term in a first web page;
finding the term in an index of terms;
identifying at least one related word associated with the term in the index of terms, the related word being likely to appear with the term in a given context;
finding the related word in the first web page; and
creating a query for the term, the query including at least the term and the related word;
generating a hyperlink associated with the term in the first web page; and
providing navigation to a second web page comprising content items derived from search results using the query.
12. A system for creating a query, the system comprising:
a database storing terms and words that are related to the terms; and
a web server linked to the database, the web server comprising one or more processors configured to:
identify a term in a first web page;
find the identified term in the database;
identify at least one word related to the term in the database, the related word being likely to appear with the term in a given context;
scan the first web page to locate the related word in the first web page;
construct a query string for the term, the query string including at least the term and the related word;
generate a hyperlink associated with the term in the first web page; and
provide navigation to a second web page comprising content items derived from search results using the query.
1. A computer-implemented method of generating a web page, the method comprising the following operations performed by one or more processors:
determining that a term appearing in a first web page is present in a record of a database table storing a plurality terms, wherein the record includes metadata about the term, the metadata including a plurality of words, each of the plurality of words being related to one of a plurality of possible meaning for the term;
creating a query string based on the term;
scanning the first web page for an instance of any of the plurality of words;
locating at least one of the plurality of words in the first web page;
modifying the query string based on the at least one located word; and
generating a second web page based on the modified query string, wherein generating the second web page comprises using the modified query string to execute a keyword search, and aggregating a plurality of content items located by the keyword search.
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
7. The method of
10. The method of
executing a keyword search using the query;
aggregating content items located by the keyword search; and
generating the second web page comprising the aggregated content items.
11. The method of
13. The system of
14. The system of
17. The system of
execute a keyword search using the query string;
aggregate content items found by the keyword search; and
generate the second web page comprising the aggregated content items.
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This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/764,462, filed on Jun. 18, 2007 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,917,840 (now allowed) and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/942,190, filed Jun. 5, 2007, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
This disclosure relates to the dynamic aggregation and display of content. The disclosure also relates to the display of aggregated content on handheld devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
As the use of computer networks such as the Internet continues to grow, it becomes a primary source of information for many users. Devices having a smaller form-factor such as smart phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and ultra-light notebook computers are emerging as primary tools to access content. However, because these devices typically have limited pixel areas, much content remains inaccessible to these types of devices, as many websites are optimized for high resolution screens. Although some websites are made available to small form-factor devices using “mobile” versions specifically designed for limited pixel area, most websites do not provide this service.
One embodiment of the invention is a web-based system that scans content for specific terms, and transforms occurrences of the terms into hypertext links. Each hypertext link provides access to a dynamically generated web page which contains aggregated content related to the respective term. The aggregated content may be gathered through a distributed keyword search of various content sources, including web sites and other sources on a wide area network. The results of the keyword search are aggregated into a single page or document, preferably with filtering to remove page elements not well suited for display on a mobile device. Occurrences of specific terms on this dynamically generated page may similarly be transformed into links, such that the user can browse content from various sources within a confined environment. The terms that are capable of being transformed into links are preferably maintained in a taxonomy that associates terms with specific topics and subjects. The system preferably uses the taxonomy to control the searching process such that the dynamically generated pages tend to be highly relevant to topic or subject the user is reading about.
In another embodiment, a method of dynamically generating web pages is provided. The method includes automatically determining that a first object (e.g., a term) displayable on a first web page matches a first predefined object in a set of objects of interest (e.g., a taxonomy of terms). In response, the first object is automatically established as a first hypertext link on the first web page. In response to selection of the first hyperlink by the user, a second web page is output for display to the user. The second web page is generated by at least accessing results of a search for web-accessible content based on the first predefined object, aggregating portions of one or more results of the search into the second web page, and additionally determining that a second object displayable on the second web page matches a second predefined object in a set of objects of interest. In response to the additionally determining, the second object is established as a second hypertext link on the second web page. The invention also comprises a computer system, and executable code stored in computer storage, that embody the foregoing method.
In another embodiment, a computer-implemented method comprises generating a first web page containing textual content that is responsive to a request from a user computing device, wherein generating the first web page comprises scanning the textual content for each of a plurality of terms, and in response to detecting an occurrence of a first term of said plurality of terms, transforming the occurrence of the first term into a first hyperlink. The method also includes transmitting the first web page to the user computing device for display to a user and generating a second web page which is responsive to the first hyperlink, wherein generating the second web page comprises using the first term to execute a keyword search, aggregating a plurality of content items located by the keyword search, scanning the plurality of content items for occurrences of individual terms of said plurality of terms, and transforming occurrences of individual terms of said plurality of terms into respective hyperlinks. The second web page is then transmitted to the user computing device in response to user selection of the first hyperlink on the first web page. The invention also comprises a computer system, and executable code stored in computer storage, that embody the foregoing method.
In still another embodiment, a system for providing dynamic generation of network content is provided. The system includes a first module configured to determine that a term in a web page is present in a database of terms, convert the term into a hypertext link in the web page, receive a user request to access the hypertext link, and generate a search request based on the hypertext link. The system further includes a second module configured to receive the generated search request, determine a plurality of external sources to receive the search request, send the search request to each of the external sources in parallel. The second module may be configured to receive a response to the search request from each of the external sources, aggregate the received responses into a single web page, and send the single web page to the first module. The first module may be further configured to extract predefined types of content elements from said web content to facilitate display of the single web page on a screen of a handheld device.
In still another embodiment, a computer-implemented method of generating a web page is provided. The method includes determining that a term appearing in a first web page is present in a record of a database table storing a plurality terms, wherein the record includes metadata about the term, the metadata including a plurality of words, each of the plurality of words being related to one of a plurality of possible meaning for the term. The method further includes creating a query string based on the term and scanning the first web page for an instance of any of the plurality to words. At least one of the plurality of words is located in the first web page, and the query string is modified based on the at least one located word. A second web page is then generated based on the modified query string, wherein generating the second web page comprises using the modified query string to execute a keyword search, and aggregating a plurality of content items located by the keyword search.
Various embodiments are disclosed of a system that provides dynamic page generation services. These services provide for an improved browsing experience on a network-enabled device, without requiring users to install any browser plug-in or other special software on their computing devices. Using the dynamic page generation services, a user is able to follow dynamically generated links related to objects or topics of interest without requiring extensive typing of search terms or URL destinations.
In certain embodiments, the system, which may be exposed to users as a website or an area of a website, dynamically generates its own web of content by aggregating content from existing sources of data, such as the World Wide Web and/or proprietary databases or feeds, such as RSS or Atom feeds for example. Each new page is preferably dynamically generated by performing a search on a hypertext-linked, identified term from a prior page, and by aggregating some or all of the search results into a single generated page. (The word “term,” as used herein, is intended to encompass both text strings without spaces such as “baseball”, and text strings with spaces, such as “NBA scores” or “presidential election.”)
For example, if the user selects the term “2008 Olympics” while viewing a document, the system may search for documents (news articles, web pages, etc.) related to the 2008 Olympics, and aggregate these documents into a single web page/document for display on the user's device. As discussed below, this web page may be optimized for display on a handheld computing device. Unlike a search result page generated by a conventional Internet search engine, the dynamically generated page may include most or all of the textual content of the documents (or most highly ranked documents) returned by the search.
Specific terms appearing in the aggregated content are preferably transformed by the system into hyperlinks that may be selected by the user to view additional pages. These additional pages may be generated by the system using the same content searching and aggregation process. The terms that are capable of being transformed into hyperlinks by the system are preferably maintained in a taxonomy that associates specific terms with specific subjects or topics, as described below. Although the content that is aggregated into the dynamically generated documents may come from a variety of different web sites and Internet domains, the system enables the user to view the content as part of a single web site and using a consistent user interface.
By transforming occurrences of specific terms into hyperlinks, the system provides a clean user interface which allows users to navigate primarily by clicking on hyperlinks, thereby creating a click-centric (as opposed to keyboard-centric), browsing experience. This type of browsing experience may be especially advantageous when the client device has limited keyboard functionality. However, the disclosed system and methods may also be used to enhance the browsing experience of PC users, and users of other computers having a full keyboard.
Further embodiments provide dynamic generation of page content which is particularly suited for small screen and/or limited pixel area devices such as smart phones, PDAs, handheld computers and the like. In these embodiments, the original page content retrieved in response to clicking a hypertext link is reformatted to provide improved display on the smaller devices. The reformatting process can remove page content that is not well suited for display on the client device.
In some embodiments, the terms that are capable of being transformed into hyperlinks are organized into a taxonomy of topics. The system uses this taxonomy to map specific occurrences of the terms to specific topics, optionally based on a contextual analysis of how the term is being used. Thus, for example, different occurrences of the same term may be mapped to different topics of subject. For example, the system may use the taxonomy to assess whether an occurrence of the term “Eagles” refers to the football team, the rock band, or the bird itself. The placement of the term within the taxonomy can be leveraged in the search process to produce more meaningful results. For example, if the context surrounding the term “Eagles” includes references to music, the system may respond to user selection of the highlighted term by generating and returning a page with aggregated content related to the Eagles band. The system may do this by, for example, executing a keyword search in which the term Eagles is combined with music-related terms, and/or by limiting the scope of the search to one or more particular databases or web sites, such as a music database or site.
The taxonomy may also specify related terms, including synonyms, slang and abbreviations, that are used by the system to widen the scope of the search. For instance, the taxonomic entry for “Eagles” in the music category may include “Glenn Frey” (the name of an Eagles band member) as a related term. The system may use this information to include within the scope of its search any documents that include “Glenn Frey,” regardless of whether these documents include “Eagles.”
Also part of the network environment 100 may be proprietary content 104. The proprietary content 104 may be part of the WAN 102, or it may be part of a local network which includes the dynamic content generation system 101. Collectively, the WAN 102 and the proprietary content 104 may provide access to various data sources through web feeds, XML gateways, RSS feeds, or some other content access mechanism.
The content generation system 101 may include various modules. For example, the system 101 may include a content gateway 106. The content gateway 106 typically is used to provide a search platform which collects data from the WAN 102 and the proprietary content 104 and indexes the collected data to allow fast searches of the collected data. The content gateway 106 may include a search engine 107 that uses a search index 109 to conduct keyword searches. The search index 109 is continuously or periodically updated by a content indexer 111 that analyzes crawled web pages and other content sources. The content gateway 106 may further include various sub-modules which are described in additional detail below in connection with
The dynamic content generation system 101 may further include a publishing module 112. The publishing module 112 receives the content from content gateway 106 and processes the content for delivery to the computing devices 128. The publishing module 112 includes various sub-modules which may assist in the processing of the received content. One sub-module of the publishing module is a filtering module 114. The filtering module 114 may configured to identify certain content elements within the content received from the content gateway 106 and to remove those content elements so they are not sent to the computing devices 128. In some embodiments, the filtering module 114 may be configured to remove page elements that are not likely to perform well or at all on a small form-factor device such as a mobile phone or handheld computer 128. The filtering module 114 may include filters which remove elements such as IFRAMES, EMBED objects, FLASH content, rich media advertisements, HTML or XML tables, JavaScript, HTML forms, DHTML, AJAX, excessive whitespace, and/or external page links. Other filters perform view enhancing functions, such as real-time dynamic resizing of images to ensure that they are completely visible on-screen without scrolling, and do not significantly impact page load time. The filtering may help to maximize the page-loading performance of the content, as well prevent browser access to unfiltered destinations which are not likely to be supported on the device.
The publishing module 112 may further include a page enhancement module 116. The page enhancement module 116 generally is used to enhance the content delivered to the system 101 via the content gateway 106 prior to its delivery to the computing devices 128. In some embodiments, the enhancement module 116 is configured to analyze the content of the page data and convert certain recognized terms into highlighted and/or hypertext links which may be selected by a user. When the user selects a highlighted term, the system 101 is configured to search the syndicated data collected by the feed module 106 for content related to the search term. The terms which are converted into hyperlinked text may be derived from a taxonomy module 122 which classifies and stores terms which may be of interest to users—a process which will be described in further detail below. The publishing platform 112 may further include a HTTP service 118. The HTTP service 118 may take the form of a traditional web server which receives HTTP requests from web browsing software stored on computing devices 128 and in response to those requests delivers the requested web pages to the computing devices.
In some embodiments, the publishing module 112 may also include a document cache 124. The cache 124 may be used to store pages that have been recently requested by the clients 128. Typically, a page generated by the publishing module 112 in response to a request from a client computing device 128 may be cached for a limited period of time. If the same page data is requested again while it is stored in the cache, the publishing module can quickly deliver the content from the cache rather than re-generating the page. This page caching allows the system 101 to deliver the page while preserving system resources. In addition, when a page is generated by the publishing module 112 and displayed to a user via the HTTP service 118, the publishing module may be configured to preemptively generate and cache all pages which are linked to in the displayed page content but do not already reside in the cache 124. This caching may be done in advance of the user's selection of any link in the page in order to improve performance. The caching of the generated documents, however, is not essential to the invention.
With reference to
Each group stored in the GROUPS table 152 may have one or more subjects associated with it. These subjects may be stored in a SUBJECTS table 154. The SUBJECTS table 154 may include a data field SUBJECT_ID which stores a unique identifier for a subject record, and the SUBJECT_NAME associated therewith. Each subject record also includes a GROUP_ID field which stores data that indicates the group with which it is associated.
The subjects stored in the SUBJECTS table 154 may also be interrelated in a hierarchical form. For example, the “NEWS” group may have a “INTERNATIONAL NEWS” subject associated with it. The “INTERNATIONAL NEWS” subject may be broken down into more defined subjects such as “SOUTH AMERICA NEWS” or “AFRICA NEWS” for example. These relationships between the various subjects may be stored in a RELATIONSHIPS table 156. In the example provided, each record in the RELATIONSHIPS table 156 defines a relationship between two subjects. For example, the subject “INTERNATIONAL NEWS” may be related to the subject “SOUTH AMERICA NEWS” as a “PARENT” relationship indicating that “SOUTH AMERICA NEWS” comprises a subset of “INTERNATIONAL NEWS”. Defining these types of relationships allow for a user to drill down through the taxonomy to further narrow their subject matter of interest within the system 101.
Also included in the database scheme is a TERMS table 158. Each record stored in the TERMS table 158 represents a term which is converted to a hypertext link when it appears in the content of a page generated by the publishing module 112. Each term record includes a unique identifier field TERM_ID which is a value unique to that term. The TERM record also includes a TERM field which stores the text of the term itself. Term records also include fields for storing other data related to the term. For example, the TERMS table 158 includes various additional data fields in which synonyms, disambiguators, and other related words and phrases may be stored to provide an indication of the context in which a term may be utilized. A disambiguator is a word or phrase which is likely to appear with the term depending on its context. For example, the term “Eagles” may have various meanings such as “Eagles” the football team, “Eagles” the rock band, or “Eagles” the bird itself. When used in the context of a football team, it is likely that the word “football” will appear in the same content as the term “Eagles”. Similarly, if the term “Eagles” is used to reference the rock band, it may be likely to appear near the word “music”. Thus, these words may be added to the term record as disambiguators which help the system to determine the context of a particular usage of the term (as is discussed in detail below in connection with
The content gateway 106 may further include a query routing module 168. The query routing module 168 is typically configured to receive query request from the client computers 128 and route the query to several parallel systems and content sources (in the WAN 102 and the proprietary content 104) simultaneously. This allows a single query request to be managed by the content gateway 106 to request and retrieve data from many different sources in a manner that is transparent to the user. The results received from the various queried content sources may be then compiled into a single results set by a results aggregator 169. The results set is then provided to the publishing module 112 where it is formatted appropriately and returned to the requesting client computer 128. In addition, the data returned to the content gateway 106 in response to queries sent by the query routing module 168 may be reformatted by the renderer 165 into a display format to suit the capabilities of the client computer 128 making the request. These display formats may include XML, SXML, RSS, ATOM, JSON, CSV, or some other format.
The various modules shown in
Referring now to
The HTTP service 118 in the dynamic content generation system 101 delivers web pages to the computing devices 128. As noted above, the pages delivered by the HTTP service may be dynamically generated from RSS content and/or other dynamic content which is received and processed by the content gateway 106 and further processed by the publishing module 112 into a delivery package which is simple to navigate using devices 128 having limited pixel space and/or keyboarding capability.
Moving now to
Because the news articles are aggregated from different sources, selection of a news article link may require the content gateway 106 (or some other component of the system 101) to download the entire news article page from its syndication source. However, the syndication source may be a website which does not publish content for mobile devices. Thus, if the page is delivered to the handheld device 128, it may not display properly due to limitations in devices ability to handle more complex and rich HTML or XHTML, as well as the inclusion of unsupported enhancements, such as FLASH. To prevent the returned page from displaying incorrectly, the filter module 114 filters the web page appropriately and the enhancement module 116 adds hyperlinks to all terms in the web page which are in the set of terms 204 for the group 202. Once the filtering and enhancement is completed, the page is then delivered to the device 128. (This process is discussed in further detail below in connection with
Each of the hyperlinks 502 from
In certain embodiments, the content generation system 101 may be configured to provide a “self-contained” browsing experience to the user. A self-contained browsing experience is one in which all of the linked pages are within the same web site, although at least some of the content being viewed is extracted from other web sites. This type of browsing experience may be advantageous because it keeps users within the web domain of the system 101 and improves the level of user engagement, thereby increasing traffic within the site. Increased traffic may provide increased revenue to the service provider. In providing a self-contained browsing experience, the filter 114 of the publishing module 112 may optionally remove links to external websites so that all page links remain within the web domain. In some embodiments, the web links may be selectively removed, while in other embodiments, all external web links are filtered.
In some embodiments, the sets of terms 204 for the groups 202 may be further categorized to provide specialized types of hypertext links. For example, if a term associated with a group relates to a company name, the generated hyperlink call a page which links to the company's financial data.
In other embodiments, different types of specialized hyperlinks may be created. For example, when a city name is among the set of terms 204 for a group 202, the associated hyperlink 506 direct the browser on the device 128 to a weather, maps, and/or traffic page or any other localized content (such as gas prices or movie theater locations) associated with that particular city.
As noted above, certain aspects of the system 101 provide the ability for users of the client computer 128 to request that certain terms be added to the taxonomy database 134.
In some embodiments, the term may be automatically added to the database 134. In these embodiments, a primacy model allowing varying degrees of confidence in added terms may be utilized to police inappropriate submissions. For example, a term that has been added by administrative users of the system may have a high confidence ranking because its source can be easily verified. However, to ensure that inappropriate terms are not added and then displayed to other users, a term added to the database 134 via the interface shown in
Referring now to
As discussed above, the dynamic content generation system 101 is configured to retrieve data from external sources and modify the data to be served via HTTP to client devices such as computer device 128.
As noted above, in some embodiments, the filtering module 114 may modify image content to be better displayed on small form-factor devices.
As noted above, terms stored in the taxonomy database 134 may have associated metadata which includes associated subject(s) and group for a particular term. Additionally, a term stored in the taxonomy database 134 may include disambiguators and/or alternative terms and phrases which may help to better define the entity referenced by the term. In some embodiments, this associated metadata may be used to refine searches based on the term so that the results are more relevant and accurate within the particular context in which the term appears. In particular, the metadata associated with the term may be used to further refine the search parameter embedded into the URL hyperlink. In one embodiment, the search parameter may be supplemented to include a disambiguator associated with the term. For example, consider the term “Eagles”. As noted above, depending on the context, the term may have various meanings (e.g., a rock band, a bird, a football team). If the term appears in page content generated from the “Sports” group, it is likely that the use of the term in the page content is directed to the football team. However, if the term appears under the “News” category, it is possible that it could take any of the various meanings described above. For example, the content may be a news article on the Eagles band. Similarly, the content may be a news article on the Eagles football team, or about the bird itself. In these instances, the term metadata stored in the taxonomy database 134 may be used to determine the proper context for the search that occurs when a user selects the hypertext link.
Referring now to
The system scans the page content then checks to see if the term record in the database 134 includes any disambiguators. In the example provided by
To further illustrate how the process shown in
Referring now to
In one particular embodiment, a search based on a term in the taxonomy is limited based on its associated GROUP_ID in order to achieve the most relevant results.
As another example, the system may log each link selection event in which a user selects a term that has been transformed into a link. The system may also log associated link impression events, such that the system can calculate the click-through rate for each term. Terms with low click-through rates, or which lead to discontinued use of the system, may automatically be removed from the taxonomy. In some cases, if a term has a low click-through rate, it may be indicative of some defect in the taxonomy. For example, the term may be misspelled or miscategorized. In some embodiments, taxonomy administrators may be alerted to these low-traffic links so that they may be considered for modification or removal from the database 134.
The process begins at block 1400 where the system 101 identifies the low-traffic links. This identification may be provided by commercial web statistics tracking software, or by some custom made software which analyzes the HTTP server 118 logs. Next, at block 1402 the term associated with the link may be checked for errors. These errors may include spelling errors in the record data, improper placement within the taxonomy, or some other error. The error checking may be automated (by an automated spell checker, for example), or it may be done by a human editor. Next at decision block 1404, if an error was found in the taxonomy, the process moves to block 1408 and no changes are made. If, however, an error is identified, the process moves to block 1406 where the error is corrected in the taxonomy database 134.
The disclosed system may further include one or more features for automatically refining the taxonomy over time, and/or for collecting data that is useful to administrators in refining the taxonomy. As one example, the system may continually analyze RSS fees, news sites, blogs, social networking sites, and/or content sources to identify terms and topics that are rapidly gaining (or falling) in popularity. This information may in turn be used to automatically or manually add and remove terms and/or topics in the taxonomy.
It will be understood by those of skill in the art that numerous and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, it should be clearly understood that the forms of the invention are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
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