This invention relates to external modulator monitoring device and method for monitoring an external modulator. The external modulator monitoring device includes a mixing unit for mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain multiple branches of mixed optical signals; an electrical differential unit for converting the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals, and performing a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and a power detection unit for detecting power of the differential signals.
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5. An external modulator monitoring method for monitoring an external modulator, comprising:
mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain a multiple branches of mixed optical signals;
converting the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals;
performing a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and
detecting power of the differential signals;
wherein
the mixing mixes optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into three branches of mixed optical signals;
the performing comprising:
respectively converting the three branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of electrical signals;
respectively filtering the three branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of filtered electrical signals;
obtaining differences between the voltages of every two branches of filtered electrical signals among the three branches of filtered electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of differential signals,
the detecting comprising:
respectively squaring the three branches of differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of square values; and
obtaining a sum of the three branches of square values.
2. An external modulator monitoring device for monitoring an external modulator, comprising:
a mixing unit to mix optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain a multiple branches of mixed optical signals;
an electrical differential unit to convert the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals, and perform a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and
a power detection unit to detect power of the differential signals;
wherein
the mixing unit is a 3×3 optical coupler to mix optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into three branches of mixed optical signals;
the electrical differential unit is a differential filter unit comprising:
three photovoltaic transformers respectively to convert the three branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of electrical signals;
three differential units to obtain differences between the voltages of every two branches of electrical signals among the three branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of differential signals,
three filters respectively to filter the three branches of differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of filtered differential signals;
the power detection unit comprising:
three squarers respectively to square the three branches of filtered differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of square values; and
an adder to obtain a sum of the three branches of square values.
1. An external modulator monitoring device for monitoring an external modulator, comprising:
a mixing unit to mix optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain a multiple branches of mixed optical signals;
an electrical differential unit to convert the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals, and perform a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and
a power detection unit to detect power of the differential signals;
wherein
the mixing unit is a 3×3 optical coupler to mix optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into three branches of mixed optical signals;
the electrical differential unit is a differential filter unit comprising:
three photovoltaic transformers respectively to convert the three branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of electrical signals;
three filters respectively to filter the three branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of filtered electrical signals;
three differential units to obtain differences between the voltages of every two branches of filtered electrical signals among the three branches of filtered electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of differential signals,
the power detection unit comprising:
three squarers respectively to square the three branches of differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of square values; and
an adder to obtain a sum of the three branches of square values.
3. The external modulator monitoring device according to
4. The external modulator monitoring device according to
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This application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent Application No. 200910222943.8 filed with the Chinese Intellectual Property Office on Dec. 1, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates to communication systems, and more particularly, to modulators of transmitters in optical communication systems.
Since the capacity of optical communication systems is required to be increasingly larger, spectrum utilization efficiency is incessantly demanded to be higher. Various complicated modulation schemes already mature in the field of wireless technology will be gradually used by optical communication systems, and the emergence of high-speed digital signal processing chips and coherent optical communication technique makes it possible to transmit optical signals having complicated modulation schemes. In comparison with the conventional intensity modulation (OOK) technique, the new modulation schemes are capable of loading information to the phase and polarization state of light, and the modulated signals can be multilevel signals. The MZ (Mach-Zehnder) modulator is the basic unit for achieving these modulation schemes.
The current DP-QPSK has been publicly acknowledged as going to become the mainstream modulation scheme for the next-generation optical communication system. On the other hand, in order to compensate for damages inherent in the system such as chromatic aberration, in-channel nonlinearity and passband narrowing effect, it is also possible to use the MZ (vector) modulator to perform electric domain predistortion on the signal. That is to say, the predistorted driving signal is transmitted, a predistorted optical signal is obtained after passing through the MZ (vector) modulator, and a non-distorted or approximately non-distorted signal is obtained at the receiver end after passing through a link with distortion. The MZ modulator can flexibly generate various complicated modulation schemes, and can achieve quasi-linear modulation at the same time, so that it is an indispensable component part in the next-generation optical communication system.
The optical signal output from the MZ modulator as a transfer function of the driving voltage (also referred to as MZ modulator transfer function) is controlled by the bias voltage. According to difference in bias voltages, the MZ modulator can operate on a peak point, a light extinction point, and an orthogonal point.
The present invention is proposed in view of the aforementioned and disadvantages in the prior art, and to provide at least one advantageous choice.
To achieve the objective of the present invention, there is provided, according to one aspect of the present invention, an external modulator monitoring device for monitoring an external modulator, which external modulator monitoring device comprises a mixing unit for mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain multiple branches of mixed optical signals; an electrical differential unit for converting the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals, and performing a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and a power detection unit for detecting power of the differential signals.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an external modulator monitoring method for monitoring an external modulator, which method comprises a mixing process for mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain multiple branches of mixed optical signals; a photovoltaic conversion process for converting the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals; a differential process for performing a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and a power detection process for detecting power of the differential signals.
With reference to the following description and accompanying drawings, these and further aspects, embodiments and features of the present invention will become more apparent. In the description and accompanying drawings, specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail, indicating modes of execution to which principles of the present invention are applicable. As should be understood, embodiments of the present invention are not restricted in scope thereby. Within spirits and provisos of the claims as attached, embodiments of the present invention subsume many variations, modifications and analogs.
Features described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment can be employed in, combined with, or substituted for one or more other embodiments in the same or similar manner.
As should be stress, the wording of “comprising/including” as used in the context of this application indicates the existence of a feature, an integral part, a step or a component part, but does not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, integral parts, steps or component parts.
Schematic embodiments of the present invention will be described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The three branches of mixed signals output from the 3×3 optical coupler 303 are respectively input into three photovoltaic transformers 305, whereby they are transformed into three branches of electric signals. The three branches of electric signals are immediately input into three low-pass filters 306 for low-pass filtering to obtain three branches of low-pass filtered electric signals. The bandwidth of the low-pass filter 306 can be selected in MHz magnitude, and this also shows that the photovoltaic transformer 305 can be a low-rate device. This is so because, according to the embodiments of the present invention, after the coupled (mixed) optical signal is converted into an electric signal, the useful information is all within an extremely low frequency range, so that the subsequent devices including the photovoltaic transformer can all be of low rate, and this is also one of the advantages of the present invention. The low-pass filter 306 serves an averaging function. The three branches of filtered electric signals output from the low-pass filters 306 are input into three differential units 307. As shown in
The three photovoltaic transformers 305, three low-pass filters 306 and differential units 307 together make up the differential filter unit 304 of the present invention. In an alternative embodiment, the three low-pass filters 306 can be arranged downstream of the three differential units 307. The differential filter unit is called so regardless of whether its filter units are arranged upstream or downstream of the differential units. It is also possible to arrange additional low-pass filters downstream of the differential units 307.
In an alternative embodiment, the three low-pass filters 306 can be dispensed with. In this case, the unit made up of the three photovoltaic transformers 305 and the three differential units 307 together can be referred to as an electric differential unit.
The power detection unit 308 consists of three squarers 309 and an adder 310. The three squarers respectively obtain the squares of the three branches of differential signals output from the three differential units 307 to obtain the square values of the signals from the three branches. The adder 310 adds these three square values, to thereby monitor the output power of the MZ modulator 302. The output power is in proportion to the carrier power of the signal output from the MZ modulator 302. A controller 311 adjusts the bias voltage of the MZ modulator 302 according to the magnitude of the carrier power. Control of the MZ modulator 302 according to the power is mature technology—see, for instance, the previously mentioned US unexamined Patent application publication US2007/0212075 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,400,417 (which is hereby incorporated by reference, as if it were completely enunciated herein). The method in this US Patent cannot directly provide the adjusting direction of the bias voltage, so that it is necessary for the controller 311 to jitter the bias voltage of the current operating point, and to obtain the adjusting direction through a comparison of the measurement value with respect to the jittering amount.
The four branches of mixed signals output from the 4×4 optical coupler 601 are respectively input into four photovoltaic transformers 603 to be converted thereby into four branches of electric signals. The four branches of electric signals are subsequently input into two differential units 604. The two differential units 604 respectively obtain the differences between voltages of two adjacent branches of electric signals of the four branches of electric signals, to thereby obtain two branches of differential signals. For instance, if the four branches of electric signals are numbered as branch 1, branch 2, branch 3 and branch 4, the first differential unit 604 obtains the difference between voltages of signals between branch 1 and branch 2, and the second differential unit 604 obtains the difference between voltages of signals between branch 3 and branch 4, to thereby obtain two branches of differential signals.
The two branches of differential signals are respectively low-pass filtered by two low-pass filters 605. The two differential units 604, four photovoltaic transformers 603 and two low-pass filters 605 make up the differential filter unit 602 of the embodiment of the present invention. It is also possible to dispense with the low-pass filters 605, in which case the differential filter unit 602 is simplified as an electric differential unit.
Two branches of filtered electric signals output from the two low-pass filters 605 are input into a power detection unit 606. The power detection unit 606 consists of two squarers 607 and an adder 608. The two squarers 607 respectively obtain the squares of the two branches of filtered electric signals output from the two low-pass filters 605 to obtain the square values of the signals of the two branches. The adder 608 adds the square values of the signals of the two branches, to thereby monitor the output power of the MZ modulator (such as the MZ modulator 302). The output power is in proportion to the carrier power of the signal output from the MZ modulator 302. The controller 311 as shown in
As should be noted, it is also possible to arrange the low-pass filters 605 in
In addition to the two types of conventional MZ modulators as shown in
Additionally, although description is made in the aforementioned embodiments on the basis of the 3×3 optical couplers and the 4×4 optical couplers performing the mixing, as should be aware to persons skilled in the art, it is also possible to make use of optical couplers with more branches, such as 5×5 optical couplers. When such optical couplers are used, the number of the downstream photovoltaic transformers, differential units and low-pass filters can be correspondingly increased or reduced.
Photovoltaic transformation is then performed in Step 702, whereby the multiple branches of mixed optical signals are converted into corresponding branches of electric signals. This can be carried out via photovoltaic transformers, for instance.
Subsequently in Step 703, differential processing is performed on the multiple branches of electric signals to obtain differential signals. Specifically, as regards the circumstance in which 3×3 optical couplers mix to obtain three branches of mixed signals, it is possible to use three differential units to respectively obtain differences of voltages between any two of the three branches of signals; as regards the circumstance in which 4×4 optical couplers mix to obtain four branches of mixed signals, it is possible to use two differential units to respectively obtain differences of voltages between two adjacent branches of signals of the four branches of signals.
Preferably, a filtering step can be further added before or after the differential processing to filter each branch of signal.
Finally, power detection is performed in Step 704 for detecting the power of the signals having been performed with the differential processing.
Each of the constituent modules, units and subunits in the aforementioned device and each of the steps in the aforementioned method can be configured by software, firmware, hardware or a combination thereof. Specific means or modes employed for the configuration are well known to those skilled in the art, and are hence not repetitively described here. In the case of implementation through software or firmware, programs constituting the software are installed, from a storage medium or a network, in a computer (such as the general-purpose computer 800 shown in
In
As practically demanded, the following component parts can be connected with the input/output port 805: an input section 806 (including a keypad, a mouse, etc.), an output section 807 (including a display, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), and a speaker, etc.), a storing section 808 (including harddisk, etc), and a communicating section 809 (including a network interface card such as an LAN card, and a modem, etc.). The communicating section 809 executes communicating process via a network such as the Internet. On practical demand, a driver 810 can also be connected with the input/output port 805. A detachable medium 811, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory etc., can be mounted on the driver 810 as practically demanded to enable computer programs read therefrom to be installed in the storing section 808 as practically demanded. The computer may only consist of CPU 801, ROM 802 and RAM 803 connected via bus 804.
In the case the aforementioned series of processes are realized via software, programs constituting the software are installed from a network, such as the Internet, or a storage medium, such as the detachable medium 811.
As should be understood by persons skilled in the art, the storage medium is not restricted to the detachable medium 811 as shown in
Excursus 1: An external modulator monitoring device for monitoring an external modulator, which device comprises: a mixing unit for mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain multiple branches of mixed optical signals; an electrical differential unit for converting the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals, and performing a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and a power detection unit for detecting power of the differential signals.
Excursus 2: The external modulator monitoring device according to Excursus 1, wherein the mixing unit is a 3×3 optical coupler for mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into three branches of mixed optical signals; the electrical differential unit is a differential filter unit comprising: three photovoltaic conversion units for respectively converting the three branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of electrical signals; three filter units for respectively filtering the three branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of filtered electrical signals; three differential units for obtaining differences between the voltages of every two branches of filtered electrical signals among the three branches of filtered electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of differential signals; the power detection unit comprises: three squarers for respectively squaring the three branches of differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of square values; and an adder for obtaining a sum of the three branches of square values.
Excursus 3: The external modulator monitoring device according to Excursus 1, wherein the mixing unit is a 3×3 optical coupler for mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into three branches of mixed optical signals; the electrical differential unit is a differential filter unit that comprises: three photovoltaic conversion units for respectively converting the three branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of electrical signals; three differential units for obtaining differences between the voltages of every two branches of electrical signals among the three branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of differential signals; three filter units for respectively filtering the three branches of differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of filtered differential signals; the power detection unit comprises: three squarers for respectively squaring the three branches of filtered differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of square values; and an adder for obtaining a sum of the three branches of square values.
Excursus 4: The external modulator monitoring device according to Excursus 1, wherein the mixing unit is a 4×4 optical coupler for mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into four branches of mixed optical signals; the electrical differential unit is a differential filter unit that comprises: four photovoltaic conversion units for respectively converting the four branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain four branches of electrical signals; two differential units for obtaining differences between two adjacent branches among the four branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain two branches of differential signals; two filter units for respectively filtering the two branches of differential signals, so as to obtain two branches of filtered electrical signals; the power detection unit comprises: two squarers for respectively squaring the two branches of filtered electrical signals, so as to obtain two branches of square values; and an adder for obtaining a sum of the two branches of square values.
Excursus 5: The external modulator monitoring device according to Excursus 1, wherein the mixing unit is a 4×4 optical coupler for mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into four branches of mixed optical signals; the electrical differential unit is a differential filter unit that comprises: four photovoltaic conversion units for respectively converting the four branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain four branches of electrical signals; four filter units for respectively filtering the four branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain four branches of filtered electrical signals; two differential units for respectively obtaining differences between two adjacent branches among the four branches of filtered electrical signals, so as to obtain two branches of differential signals; the power detection unit comprises: two squarers for respectively squaring the two branches of differential signals, so as to obtain two branches of square values; and an adder for obtaining a sum of the two branches of square values.
Excursus 6: The external modulator monitoring device according to Excursus 1, wherein the mixing unit is a symmetrical mixing unit.
Excursus 7: The external modulator monitoring device according to Excursus 1, wherein the external modulator is a single MZ modulator or a multi-branch MZ modulator.
Excursus 8: An external modulator monitoring method for monitoring an external modulator, which method comprises: a mixing process for mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain multiple branches of mixed optical signals; a photovoltaic conversion process for converting the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals; a differential process for performing a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and a power detection process for detecting power of the differential signals.
Excursus 9: The external modulator monitoring method according to Excursus 8, wherein the mixing process mixes optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into three branches of mixed optical signals; the differential process comprises: respectively converting the three branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of electrical signals; respectively filtering the three branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of filtered electrical signals; obtaining differences between the voltages of every two branches of filtered electrical signals among the three branches of filtered electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of differential signals; the power detection process comprises: respectively squaring the three branches of differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of square values; and obtaining a sum of the three branches of square values.
Excursus 10: The external modulator monitoring method according to Excursus 8, wherein the mixing process mixes optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into four branches of mixed optical signals; the differential process comprises; respectively converting the four branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain four branches of electrical signals; respectively filtering the four branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain four branches of filtered electrical signals; respectively obtaining differences between two adjacent branches among the four branches of filtered electrical signals, so as to obtain two branches of differential signals; the power detection process comprises: respectively squaring the two branches of differential signals, so as to obtain two branches of square values; and obtaining a sum of the two branches of square values.
The aforementioned device and method of the present invention can be implemented via hardware, and can also be implemented via hardware combined with software. The present invention involves such a computer-readable program that, when being executed by a logical component part, enables the logical component part to implement the device or constituent parts thereof as described above, or enables the logical component part to implement the various methods or steps thereof as described above. The present invention also involves a storage medium, such as a hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a DVD, or a flash memory, for storing the program.
The present invention is described with reference to specific embodiments above, but it should be clear to persons skilled in the art that these descriptions are merely exemplary in nature, rather than restrictive to the protection scope of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various variations and modifications within the spirit and principle of the present invention, and these variations and modifications shall all be covered within the scope of the present invention.
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