In embodiments, a user equipment (ue) may be able to identify one or more access network discovery and selection function (andsf) policies which the ue can use to select a wireless local area network (wlan) and/or a wlan access point (ap) to which the ue should connect. The ue may then be able to use the identified andsf policy or policies to select the wlan and/or wlan ap prior to selection, by the ue, of a wlan public land mobile network (plmn) to which the ue should connect.
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8. A method comprising:
accessing, by a user equipment (ue), an access network discovery and selection function (andsf) policy;
receiving, by the ue, an indication of a wireless local area network (wlan);
selecting, by the ue and based at least in part on the andsf policy, the wlan as a selected wlan
receiving, by the ue, an indication of a public land mobile network (plmn);
identifying, by the ue, interworking between the wlan and the plmn; and
selecting, by the ue and based at least in part on the selected wlan and the interworking, the plmn.
1. A user equipment (ue) comprising:
a network selection module to access an access network discovery and selection function (andsf) policy;
a communication module coupled with the network selection module, the communication module to:
receive an indication of a wireless local area network (wlan) access point (ap) of a wlan that interworks with a visited operator of a visited public land mobile network (VPLMN) of the ue; and
transmit a request to connect the ue to the wlan ap of the wlan that interworks with the visited operator based at least in part on the andsf policy.
15. One or more non-transitory computer readable media comprising instructions to, upon execution of the instructions by an access network discovery and selection function (andsf) server, cause the andsf server to:
construct an andsf policy that includes:
a plurality of service set identifiers (SSIDs) of a plurality of access points (aps) of a plurality of wireless local area networks (WLANs);
a wlan selection parameter; and
an instruction for a user equipment (ue) to connect to an access point associated with an SSID of the plurality of SSIDs according to the respective priorities of each SSID; and
transmit the andsf policy to the ue.
2. The ue of
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6. The ue of
7. The ue of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
16. The one or more non-transitory computer readable media of
17. The one or more non-transitory computer readable media of
18. The one or more non-transitory computer readable media of
19. The one or more non-transitory computer readable media of
20. The one or more non-transitory computer readable media of
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The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/707,784, filed Sep. 28, 2012, entitled “Advanced Wireless Communication Systems and Techniques,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Embodiments relate to wireless networks and, more particularly, apparatuses, methods and storage media for utilizing an access network discovery and selection function policies in such wireless networks.
The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims in the present disclosure and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Wireless local area network (WLAN) public land mobile network (PLMN) selection was introduced in Release 6 of 3GPP specifications for interworking between third generation partnership project (3GPP) and WLAN systems as part of the interworking-WLAN (i-WLAN) architecture specified in 3GPP technical specifications (TSs) such as TS 22.234, TS 23.234, TS 24.234. In those technical specifications, a user equipment (UE) may be directed to select a service provider or PLMN which may provide services to a WLAN. These services may include services such as basic connectivity to the internet, or other services such as Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia System services (IMS), Voice over IP (VoIP), video on demand (VOD), media/content streaming, etc. In Release 8 of the 3GPP specifications, access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) policies were introduced that could be used to modify PLMN selection for a WLAN as specified in the i-WLAN architecture.
Currently, to allow the concepts introduced by Release 6 and Release 8 to coexist, PLMN selection may occur first, and then application of the ANDSF policies may occur to select the WLAN or WLAN AP in the i-WLAN architecture. However, a Service Provider/PLMN may only be connected to a single WLAN network. Therefore, by selecting the Service Provider/PLMN, the WLAN network, which may for example be identified by one or more service set identifiers (SSIDs) and/or WLAN APs, may be selected by default.
Embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. To facilitate this description, like reference numerals designate like structural elements. Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings.
Apparatuses, methods, and storage media are described herein for allowing a UE to consider an ANDSF policy during selection of a WLAN based on the i-WLAN architecture to which the UE should connect. In embodiments, the UE may be able to consider the ANDSF policy during selection of the WLAN without first selecting a PLMN to which the UE should connect. In some embodiments, the UE may first connect to the WLAN network using the i-WLAN architecture based at least in part on the ANDSF policy and then select a PLMN to which the UE should connect based at least in part on the selected WLAN network. In other embodiments, the UE may not select a PLMN after selecting the WLAN network.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof wherein like numerals designate like parts throughout, and in which is shown by way of illustration embodiments that may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of embodiments is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Various operations may be described as multiple discrete actions or operations in turn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the claimed subject matter. However, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. In particular, these operations may not be performed in the order of presentation. Operations described may be performed in a different order than the described embodiment. Various additional operations may be performed and/or described operations may be omitted in additional embodiments.
For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrases “A and/or B” and “A or B” mean (A), (B), or (A and B). For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrase “A, B, and/or C” means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B and C).
The description may use the phrases “in an embodiment,” or “in embodiments,” which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. Furthermore, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like, as used with respect to embodiments of the present disclosure, are synonymous.
As shown in
Further, as shown in
The infrastructure node 105 may include a transceiver module 135 coupled with an antenna 140 of the infrastructure node 105 for communicating wirelessly with a network component such as the UE 110. The infrastructure node 105 may further include a power amplifier 145 coupled with the transceiver module 135 and a power controller 150. In one embodiment, the power amplifier 145 provides the power for all transmissions on the antenna 140. In other embodiments, there may be multiple power amplifiers or multiple antennas, or both, on the infrastructure node 105.
When connected to the HPLMN 205, the UE 200 may be said to be on its “home” network. When connected to the VPLMN 215, the UE 200 may be said to be on its “roaming” or “visited” network. In some embodiments, the home operator 210 may have an agreement or contract with the visited operator 220. For example, in some embodiments the home operator 210 may have an agreement with the visited operator 220 such that UEs of the home operator 210, for example UE 200, may have access to the VPLMN 215. For example, the VPLMN 215 or visited operator 220 may verify credentials of the UE 200 with the HPLMN 205 or home operator 210 before granting the UE 200 access to the VPLMN 215. The verification may involve determining whether the UE 200 has credentials supplied by the HPLMN 205 and/or the home operator 210, and whether the credentials grant the UE 200 access to the VPLMN 215. In embodiments, the home operator 210 and the visited operator 220 may have a preexisting relationship regarding, for example, how much the visited operator 220 may charge the home operator 210 for granting the UE 200 access to the VPLMN 215. These charges may be an element of the original subscription agreement between the user of the UE 200 and the home operator 210. In this way, the VPLMN 215 may be configured, based on the agreement between the home operator 210 and the visited operator 220, to handle overflow for the HPLMN 205.
As shown in
To connect to the HPLMN 205, the UE 200 may be configured to connect to one or more WLAN APs of WLAN networks 225 that interwork with HPLMN 205 per the i-WLAN architecture or some other architecture. Similarly, the UE 200 may be configured to connect to one or more WLAN APs of WLAN networks 230 that interwork with the VPLMN 215 per the i-WLAN architecture or some other similar architecture. In embodiments, the WLAN AP(s) of WLAN(s) 225 or 230 may be identifiable to the UE 200 based on an SSID, WLAN specific identifier (WSID), a network access identifier (NAI), an organizationally unique identifier (OUI), or some other identifier of the WLAN and/or an AP of the WLAN. As described above, Release 6 of the 3GPP specifications provided the concept of PLMN selection by a UE. In some cases, the PLMN selection as specified by Release 6 of the 3GPP specifications may use an ordered list of preferred SSIDs of APs in the WLANs as an input. However, the ANDSF policies introduced by Release 8 of the 3GPP specifications, as described above, may be used to provide more detailed rules regarding selection of a WLAN network interworking with the PLMN based on the i-WLAN architecture to which the UE should connect. For example, the ANDSF policies may describe different behavior based on WLAN selection policies based on parameters such as time of day, location of the UE, load on the networks or some other parameter.
In order to combine the Release 6 PLMN selection rules and the Release 8 ANDSF policy parameters, current WLAN network selection procedures may rely on first selecting the PLMN and then using ANDSF policies in the selection of a WLAN network within the selected PLMN. For example, an existing PLMN and WLAN selection process may be as follows.
As can be seen according to the above-described list, in current implementations the use of the ANDSF policies may not be necessary. For example, if the PLMN is only connected to a single WLAN, then selection of the WLAN may occur by default when the UE selects the PLMN.
The UE may also receive a list of WLANs and/or WLAN APs to which the UE can connect at 305. For example, the list of WLANs and/or WLAN APs may be the result of the UE scanning for SSIDs and/or WSIDs in the vicinity of the UE. The UE may then apply one or more ANDSF policies to select a WLAN and/or WLAN AP in the received list of WLANs and/or WLAN APs at 310. Notably, the UE may be able to select a WLAN and/or WLAN AP based on the ANDSF policy without first determining a PLMN to which the UE should connect.
In embodiments, the UE may then receive a list of PLMNs at 315. The list of PLMNs may be the result of determining the PLMN that is connected to each identified WLAN and/or WLAN AP supports. In some embodiments, the list of PLMNs received at 315 may occur before the selection of the WLAN and/or WLAN AP based on the ANDSF policy at 310. However, in these embodiments, the selection of the WLAN and/or WLAN AP based on the ANDSF policy may still occur without first selecting a PLMN to which the UE should connect.
The UE may optionally select the PLMN to which the UE should connect out of the list of identified PLMNs at 320. In embodiments, the selection of the PLMN may be based on the selection of the WLAN and/or WLAN AP based on the ANDSF policy.
As an example of a use case for when the process of
It will be recognized that the above-described process may provide several significant advantages. Specifically, ANDSF policies may have more parameters than the current procedure for selecting a PLMN and/or WLAN. Therefore the use of ANDSF policies could allow for more context sensitive selection of WLANs, WLAN APs, and/or PLMNs on the part of the UE.
As an example use case, a UE, for example UE 200 in
This use case may be appropriate, for example, if the home operator 210 has an agreement with the visited operator 220 for the VPLMN 215 to handle overflow for the HPLMN 205. The home operator 210 may then supply the ANDSF policy to the UE 200, or the UE 200 may be pre-provisioned with the ANDSF policy. The policy may direct the UE 200 to couple with the VPLMN 215, thereby reducing load and congestion of the HPLMN 205. HPLMN 205 load and congestion may be caused, for example, due to rush hour in an urban area where there is a large influx of UEs during a short time period or, for example, when a plane arrives at an airport.
As described above with respect to
Although in some embodiments the ANDSF policies may be provided by a home operator such as home operator 210 of the UE 200, in some embodiments the ANDSF policy may be provided by the visited operator 220. For example, in some embodiments the home operator 210 may choose to either allow or forbid the visited operator 220 to provide ANDSF policies to the UE 200. The home operator 210 may signal this decision, for example using the “i-WLAN HPLMN Priority Indication” flag as defined by 3GPP Technical Specification 24.234 v11.3.0, published in June of 2012. If the home operator 210 allows the visited operator 220 to provide ANDSF policies, then the UE 200 may follow the ANDSF policy of the visited operator 220 when the UE is only able to connect to WLAN 230 of a VPLMN 215. However, if the home operator 210 chooses not to allow the UE 200 to use ANDSF policies of the visited operator 220, the UE 200 may only use ANDSF policies supplied from the home operator 210, regardless of whether the UE 200 is roaming or not.
Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented into a system using any suitable hardware and/or software to configure as desired.
In some embodiments, the system 500 may be capable of functioning as the UEs 110 or 200 as described herein. In other embodiments, the system 500 may be capable of functioning as the infrastructure node 105 depicted in the embodiment shown in
System control module 510 for one embodiment may include any suitable interface controllers to provide for any suitable interface to at least one of the processor(s) 505 and/or to any suitable device or component in communication with system control module 510.
System control module 510 may include memory controller module 530 to provide an interface to system memory 515. The memory controller module 530 may be a hardware module, a software module, and/or a firmware module.
System memory 515 may be used to load and store data and/or instructions, for example, for system 500. System memory 515 for one embodiment may include any suitable volatile memory, such as suitable DRAM, for example. In some embodiments, the system memory 515 may include double data rate type four synchronous dynamic random-access memory (DDR4 SDRAM).
System control module 510 for one embodiment may include one or more input/output (I/O) controller(s) to provide an interface to NVM/storage 520 and communications interface(s) 525.
The NVM/storage 520 may be used to store data and/or instructions, for example. NVM/storage 520 may include any suitable non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, for example, and/or may include any suitable non-volatile storage device(s), such as one or more hard disk drive(s) (HDD(s)), one or more compact disc (CD) drive(s), and/or one or more digital versatile disc (DVD) drive(s), for example.
The NVM/storage 520 may include a storage resource physically part of a device on which the system 500 may be installed or it may be accessible by, but not necessarily a part of, the device. For example, the NVM/storage 520 may be accessed over a network via the communications interface(s) 525.
Communications interface(s) 525 may provide an interface for system 500 to communicate over one or more network(s) and/or with any other suitable device. The system 500 may wirelessly communicate with the one or more components of the wireless network in accordance with any of one or more wireless network standards and/or protocols.
For one embodiment, at least one of the processor(s) 505 may be packaged together with logic for one or more controller(s) of system control module 510, e.g., memory controller module 530. For one embodiment, at least one of the processor(s) 505 may be packaged together with logic for one or more controllers of system control module 510 to form a System in Package (SiP). For one embodiment, at least one of the processor(s) 505 may be integrated on the same die with logic for one or more controller(s) of system control module 510. For one embodiment, at least one of the processor(s) 505 may be integrated on the same die with logic for one or more controller(s) of system control module 510 to form a System on Chip (SoC).
In various embodiments, the system 500 may be, but is not limited to, a server, a workstation, a desktop computing device, or a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop computing device, a handheld computing device, a tablet, a netbook, a smart phone, a gaming console, etc.). In various embodiments, the system 500 may have more or less components, and/or different architectures. For example, in some embodiments, the system 500 includes one or more of a camera, a keyboard, liquid crystal display (LCD) screen (including touch screen displays), non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, graphics chip, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and speakers.
The various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described including, but are not limited to:
Example 1, which may include a user equipment (UE) configured to select a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP), the UE including: a network selection module to access an access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) policy; and a communication module coupled with the network selection module, the communication module to: receive an indication of a WLAN AP of WLAN that interworks with a visited operator of a visited public land mobile network (VPLMN) of the UE; and transmit a request to connect the UE to the WLAN AP of the WLAN network that interworks with the visited operator based at least in part on the ANDSF policy.
Example 2 may include the subject matter of Example 1, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is an ANDSF policy of a home operator of a home public land mobile network (HPLMN) of the UE.
Example 3 may include the subject matter of example 1, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is an ANDSF policy of the visited operator.
Example 4 may include the subject matter of example 1, and further specify that the communication module is further to transmit a request to connect to the VPLMN based at least in part on the ANDSF policy.
Example 5 may include the subject matter of any of examples 1-4, and further specify that the ANDSF policy includes a WLAN selection parameter including a location of the UE, a time of day, or load on a home public land mobile network (HPLMN) of the UE.
Example 6 may include the subject matter of any of examples 1-4, and further specify that the ANDSF policy includes an inter-system mobility policy (ISMP) or an inter-system routing policy (ISRP).
Example 7 may include the subject matter of any of examples 1-4, and further specify that the UE further includes a power supply coupled with the network selection module.
Example 8 may include a method of selecting a wireless local area network (WLAN), the method including: accessing, by a user equipment (UE), an access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) policy; receiving, by the UE, an indication of a WLAN; selecting, by the UE and based at least in part on the ANDSF policy, the WLAN as a selected WLAN; receiving, by the UE, an indication of a public land mobile network (PLMN); and selecting, by the UE and based at least in part on the selected WLAN, the PLMN.
Example 9 may include the subject matter of example 8, and further specify that the indication of the WLAN is a service set identifier (SSID) of an access point (AP) of the WLAN.
Example 10 may include the subject matter of examples 8 or 9, and further specify that the ANDSF policy includes a WLAN selection parameter including a location of the UE or a time of day.
Example 11 may include the subject matter of examples 8 or 9, and further specify that the ANDSF policy includes an inter-system mobility policy (ISMP) or an inter-system routing policy (ISRP).
Example 12 may include the subject matter of examples 8 or 9, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is a third generation partnership project (3GPP) ANDSF policy.
Example 13 may include the subject matter of examples 8 or 9, and further include receiving, by the UE, the ANDSF policy from an operator of a home network of the UE.
Example 14 may include the subject matter of examples 8 or 9, and further include receiving, by the UE, the ANDSF policy from an operator of a roaming network of the UE.
Example 15 may include an apparatus configured to select a wireless local area network (WLAN), the apparatus including: means to access an access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) policy; means to receive an indication of the wireless local area network WLAN; means to select, based at least in part on the ANDSF policy, the WLAN as a selected WLAN; means to receive an indication of a public land mobile network (PLMN); and means to select, based at least in part on the selected WLAN, the PLMN.
Example 16 may include the subject matter of example 15, and further specify that the indication of the WLAN is a service set identifier (SSID) of an access point (AP) of the WLAN.
Example 17 may include the subject matter of examples 15 or 16, and further specify that the ANDSF policy includes a WLAN selection parameter including a location of the UE or a time of day.
Example 18 may include the subject matter of examples 15 or 16, and further specify that the ANDSF policy includes an inter-system mobility policy (ISMP) or an inter-system routing policy (ISRP).
Example 19 may include the subject matter of examples 15 or 16, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is a third generation partnership project (3GPP) ANDSF policy.
Example 20 may include the subject matter of examples 15 or 16, and further means to receive the ANDSF policy from an operator of a home network of the UE.
Example 21 may include the subject matter of examples 15 or 16, and further include means to receive the ANDSF policy from an operator of a roaming network of the UE.
Example 22 may include one or more computer readable media including instructions to select a wireless area network (WLAN), the instructions to, upon execution of the instructions by a computing device, cause the computing device to: access an access network discovery and selection function (AND SF) policy; receive an indication of the WLAN; select, based at least in part on the ANDSF policy, the WLAN as a selected WLAN; receive an indication of a public land mobile network (PLMN); and select, based at least in part on the selected WLAN, the PLMN.
Example 23 may include the subject matter of example 22, and further specify that the indication of the WLAN is a service set identifier (SSID) of an access point (AP) of the WLAN.
Example 24 may include the subject matter of examples 22 or 23, and further specify that the ANDSF policy includes a WLAN selection parameter including a location of the UE or a time of day.
Example 25 may include the subject matter of examples 22 or 23, and further specify that the ANDSF policy includes an inter-system mobility policy (ISMP) or an inter-system routing policy (ISRP).
Example 26 may include the subject matter of examples 22 or 23, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is a third generation partnership project (3GPP) ANDSF policy.
Example 27 may include the subject matter of examples 22 or 23, and further specify that the instructions, upon execution by the computing device, further cause the computing device to receive the ANDSF policy from an operator of a home network of the UE.
Example 28 may include the subject matter of examples 22 or 23, and further specify that the instructions, upon execution by the computing device, further cause the computing device to receive the ANDSF policy from an operator of a roaming network of the UE.
Example 29 may include one or more computer readable media including instructions to construct an access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) policy, the instructions to, upon execution of the instructions by an ANDSF server, cause the ANDSF server to: construct an ANDSF policy that includes: a plurality of service set identifiers (SSIDs) of a plurality of access points (APs) of a plurality of wireless location area networks (WLANs); a WLAN selection parameter; and an instruction for a user equipment (UE) to connect to an access point associated with an SSID of the plurality of SSIDs according to the respective priorities of each SSID; and transmit the ANDSF policy to the UE.
Example 30 may include the subject matter of example 29, and further specify that the ANDSF server is an ANDSF server of a home network of the UE.
Example 31 may include the subject matter of example 29, and further specify that the ANDSF server is an ANDSF server of a visited network of the UE.
Example 32 may include the subject matter of any of examples 29-31, and further specify that the WLAN selection parameter includes a location of the WLAN, a time of day, or load on a wireless network.
Example 33 may include the subject matter of any of examples 29-31, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is an inter-system mobility policy (ISMP) or an inter-system routing policy (ISRP).
Example 34 may include the subject matter of any of examples 29-31, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is a third generation partnership project (3GPP) ANDSF policy.
Example 35 may include a method of constructing an access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) policy, the method including: constructing an ANDSF policy that includes: a plurality of service set identifiers (SSIDs) of a plurality of access points (APs) of a plurality of wireless location area networks (WLANs); a WLAN selection parameter; and an instruction for a user equipment (UE) to connect to an access point associated with an SSID of the plurality of SSIDs according to the respective priorities of each SSID; and transmitting the ANDSF policy to the UE.
Example 36 may include the subject matter of example 35, and further specify that the ANDSF server is an ANDSF server of a home network of the UE.
Example 37 may include the subject matter of example 35, and further specify that the ANDSF server is an ANDSF server of a visited network of the UE.
Example 38 may include the subject matter of any of example 35-37, and further specify that the WLAN selection parameter includes a location of the WLAN, a time of day, or load on a wireless network.
Example 39 may include the subject matter of any of example 35-37, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is an inter-system mobility policy (ISMP) or an inter-system routing policy (ISRP).
Example 40 may include the subject matter of any of example 35-37, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is a third generation partnership project (3GPP) ANDSF policy.
Example 41 may include an apparatus to construct an access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) policy, the apparatus including: means to construct an ANDSF policy that includes: a plurality of service set identifiers (SSIDs) of a plurality of access points (APs) of a plurality of wireless location area networks (WLANs); a WLAN selection parameter; and an instruction for a user equipment (UE) to connect to an access point associated with an SSID of the plurality of SSIDs according to the respective priorities of each SSID; and means to transmit the ANDSF policy to the UE.
Example 42 may include the subject matter of example 41, and further specify that the ANDSF server is an ANDSF server of a home network of the UE.
Example 43 may include the subject matter of example 41, and further specify that the ANDSF server is an ANDSF server of a visited network of the UE.
Example 44 may include the subject matter of any of examples 41-43, and further specify that the WLAN selection parameter includes a location of the WLAN, a time of day, or load on a wireless network.
Example 45 may include the subject matter of any of examples 41-43, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is an inter-system mobility policy (ISMP) or an inter-system routing policy (ISRP).
Example 46 may include the subject matter of any of examples 41-43, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is a third generation partnership project (3GPP) ANDSF policy.
Example 47 may include an apparatus to construct an access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) policy, the apparatus including: a processor to construct an ANDSF policy that includes: a plurality of service set identifiers (SSIDs) of a plurality of access points (APs) of a plurality of wireless location area networks (WLANs); a WLAN selection parameter; and an instruction for a user equipment (UE) to connect to an access point associated with an SSID of the plurality of SSIDs according to the respective priorities of each SSID; and a transceiver to transmit the ANDSF policy to the UE.
Example 48 may include the subject matter of example 47, and further specify that the ANDSF server is an ANDSF server of a home network of the UE.
Example 49 may include the subject matter of example 47, and further specify that the ANDSF server is an ANDSF server of a visited network of the UE.
Example 50 may include the subject matter of any of examples 47-49, and further specify that the WLAN selection parameter includes a location of the WLAN, a time of day, or load on a wireless network.
Example 51 may include the subject matter of any of examples 47-49, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is an inter-system mobility policy (ISMP) or an inter-system routing policy (ISRP).
Example 52 may include the subject matter of any of examples 47-49, and further specify that the ANDSF policy is a third generation partnership project (3GPP) ANDSF policy.
Although certain embodiments have been illustrated and described herein for purposes of description, this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that embodiments described herein be limited only by the claims.
Where the disclosure recites “a” or “a first” element or the equivalent thereof, such disclosure includes one or more such elements, neither requiring nor excluding two or more such element. Further, ordinal indicators (e.g., first, second or third) for identified elements are used to distinguish between the element, and do not indicate or imply a required or limited number of such elements, nor do they indicate a particular position or order of such elements unless otherwise specifically stated.
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