anti-ballistic systems and methods for making same are described. The anti-ballistic systems may be formed from various materials arranged in a structure, such as a wall structure. For example, an anti-ballistic system may be formed from a metal material, a polymer material, and a stone material. In some embodiments, the metal material may include aluminum (for example, an aluminum composite panel), the polymer material may include ethylene vinyl acetate, and the stone material may include granite. The anti-ballistic wall systems may be configured to be resistant to ballistics, blasts, and/or forced entry.
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12. A method of making an anti-ballistic system, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of layers comprising:
a first layer consisting of at least one aluminum composite material layer,
wherein the first layer contacts a second layer consisting of at least one granite material layer;
wherein the second layer further contacts a third layer consisting of at least one non-adhesive ethylene vinyl acetate material layer, and
wherein the third layer further contacts a fourth layer consisting of at least one steel material layer; and
wherein the fourth layer further contacts a fifth layer consisting of at least one aluminum composite material layer;
wherein each of the aluminum composite material lavers In the first and fifth layers are formed from a second material arranged between two layers of aluminum.
1. An anti-ballistic, anti-blast, and anti-forced entry system, comprising:
a plurality of layers arranged in an order comprising:
a first layer consisting of at least one aluminum composite material layer,
wherein the first layer contacts a second layer consisting of at least one granite material layer;
wherein the second layer further contacts a third layer consisting of at least one non-adhesive ethylene vinyl acetate material layer,
wherein the third layer further contacts a fourth layer consisting of at least one steel material layer; and
wherein the fourth layer further contacts a fifth layer consisting of at least one aluminum composite material layer;
wherein each of the aluminum composite material layers in the first and fifth layers are formed from a second material arranged between two layers of aluminum.
10. An anti-ballistic system, comprising:
a plurality of layers comprising:
a first energy reducing layer consisting of at least one aluminum composite material layer,
the first energy reducing layer contacting a second energy reducing layer consisting of at least one granite material layer;
the second energy reducing layer further contacting a shock absorbing layer consisting of at least one non-adhesive ethylene vinyl acetate material layer,
the shock absorbing layer further contacting a third energy reducing layer consisting of at least one steel material layer; and
the third energy reducing layer further contacting a fourth energy reducing layer consisting of at least one aluminum composite material layer,
wherein each of the aluminum composite material layers in the first and fourth energy reducing layers are formed from a second material arranged between two layers of aluminum;
wherein the layers are held together using a fastening mechanism.
3. The system of
wherein the third layer comprises a plurality of ethylene vinyl acetate material layers; and
wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of granite layers.
4. The system of
5. The system of
wherein the at least one non-adhesive ethylene vinyl acetate material layer in the third layer comprises a first ethylene vinyl acetate material layer and a second ethylene vinyl acetate material layer, and
wherein the at least one granite layer in the second layer comprises a first granite material layer and a second granite material layer.
6. The system of
wherein the third layer has a thickness of about 10 millimeters to about 25 millimeters, and
wherein the second layer has a thickness of about 10 millimeters to about 15 millimeters.
7. The system of
8. The system of
11. The system of
wherein the at least one non-adhesive ethylene vinyl acetate material layer comprises a first ethylene vinyl acetate non-adhesive material layer and a second ethylene vinyl acetate non-adhesive material layer, and
wherein the at least one granite material layer comprises a first granite material layer.
13. The method of
wherein the at least one non-adhesive ethylene vinyl acetate material layer in the third layer comprises a first ethylene vinyl acetate material layer and a second ethylene vinyl acetate material layer, and
wherein the at least one granite layer in the second layer comprises a first granite material layer and a second granite material layer.
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This application claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/059,502 entitled “Anti-Ballistic Materials and Wall System” and filed Oct. 3, 2014, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Anti-ballistic materials and barriers are generally classified according to their ability to withstand impacts by projectiles. The industry standard classifications are based on the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) bullet-resistant standards, which range from a UL1 rating to a UL8 rating. A UL8 rating requires that a barrier be able to withstand five rounds of 7.62 mm lead core full metal copper jacket ammunition military balls at a velocity of 838 meters per second (MPS). Typical barriers that meet the UL8 standard are formed from multiple components or “layers” of various materials. In particular, conventional UL8-rated barriers have been formed from thick layers of dense, heavy materials that increase the cost to manufacture and install. In addition, such materials limit the types of structures that can be formed and/or protected because of the thickness and weight of the materials. Accordingly, the anti-ballistics industry would benefit from a barrier system formed from cost-efficient materials capable of forming a UL8-rated barrier in a lighter, smaller form and with decreased installation costs.
The above and other objects of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
This disclosure is not limited to the particular systems, devices and methods described, as these may vary. The terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing the particular versions or embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope.
As used in this document, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Nothing in this disclosure is to be construed as an admission that the embodiments described in this disclosure are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention. As used in this document, the term “comprising” means “including, but not limited to.”
In an embodiment, an anti-ballistic system may include a plurality of layers that include at least one aluminum material layer, at least one ethylene vinyl acetate material layer, and at least one granite material layer.
In an embodiment, an anti-ballistic system may include a plurality of layers that include at least one metal material layer, at least one polymer material layer, and at least one stone material layer.
In an embodiment, a method of making an anti-ballistic system may include providing a plurality of layers that include at least one aluminum material layer, at least one ethylene vinyl acetate material layer, and at least one granite material layer.
The present disclosure generally relates to materials systems configured to provide protection from projectiles, blasts, forced entry, and other ballistic events (“anti-ballistic” or “ballistic resistant”). The anti-ballistic system may be formed from various materials including, without limitation, metals, metal alloys, stone materials, polymer materials, fiber or fabric materials (for instance, para-aramid fibers such as Kevlar® provided by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company of Wilmington, Del., United States), polycarbonate, and/or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, a metal alloy material may include steel or steel alloys (ST). Non-limiting examples of materials may include aluminum (AL), granite (GR), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene (PE), composites thereof, derivatives thereof, and/or any combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, the anti-ballistic systems may be formed as anti-ballistic wall structures (or other architectural or structural components) configured to be used as a building material to construct a structure, such as a building and/or a room (for instance, a “safe room”) within a building and/or to impart anti-ballistic properties to the structure. For example, a ballistic wall system may be used as an exterior wall of a building, fence, barricade, roof, door, and/or other structure. In some embodiments, a ballistic wall system may be used in a manner similar to drywall. In some embodiments, a ballistic wall system may be used to form exterior barricades. In some embodiments, the anti-ballistic systems may be configured to be installed on an existing structure, such as the exterior surface of a building, to impart anti-ballistic properties thereto. In a non-limiting example, the anti-ballistic systems may be mounted on the existing walls of a shooting range to provide anti-ballistic (or “anti-ricochet”) properties to the areas of the shooting range where ammunition is fired.
Each material 110a-n, 115a-n, 120a-n may be included in various thicknesses. For instance, a metal material 110a-n may include an ACP that is about 4 millimeters (mm) thick that is formed from two aluminum layers each about 0.4 mm thick and a PE core about 3.2 mm thick. In some embodiments, a metal material 110a-n, for example an aluminum material, may have a thickness of about 1 mm, about 2 mm, about 3 mm, about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 7 mm, about 10 mm, about 15 mm, about 20 mm, about 1 mm to about 20 mm, about 1 mm to about 4 mm, about 1 mm to about 10 mm, about 2 mm to about 4 mm, about 3 mm to about 5 mm, about 4 mm to about 10 mm, about 5 mm to about 20 mm, or any value or range between any two of these values or ranges (including endpoints). In an embodiment in which the metal material 110a-n is formed as an ACP, each of the aluminum layers of the ACP may have a thickness of about 0.1 mm, about 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, about 0.5 mm, about 0.7 mm, about 1.0 mm, about 1.5 mm, about 2.0 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2.0 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.4 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.0 mm, about 0.2 mm to about 0.4 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 1.0 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2.0 mm, or any value or range between any two of these values or ranges (including endpoints). In an embodiment in which the metal material 110a-n is formed as an ACP, the PE core of the ACP may have a thickness of about 0.5 mm, about 1 mm, about 2 mm, about 3 mm, about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 7 mm, about 8 mm, about 9 mm to about 10 mm, about 15 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 3 mm to about 4 mm, or any value or range between any two of these values or ranges (including endpoints).
In some embodiments, a stone material 115a-n, for example a granite material, may have a thickness of about 10 mm, about 13 mm, about 15 mm, about 18 mm, about 20 mm, about 25 mm, about 30 mm, about 50 mm, about 100 mm, about 500 mm, about 1 centimeter (cm), about 5 cm, about 10 cm, about 20 cm, about 10 mm to about 15 mm, about 10 mm to about 20 mm, about 10 mm to about 13 mm, about 10 mm to about 50 mm, about 13 mm to about 20 mm, about 20 mm to about 100 mm, about 100 mm to about 1 cm, about 100 mm to about 10 cm, about 500 mm to about 10 cm, about 1 cm to about 5 cm, about 1 cm to about 10 cm, about 5 cm to about 10 cm, about 1 cm to about 20 cm, about 5 cm to about 20 cm, about 10 cm to about 20 cm, or any value or range between any two of these values or ranges (including endpoints).
In some embodiments, a polymer material 120a-n, for example an ethylene vinyl acetate material, may have a thickness of about 1 mm, about 5 mm, about 8 mm, about 10 mm, about 12 mm, about 15 mm, about 20 mm, about 25 mm, about 30 mm, about 50 mm, about 100 mm, about 500 mm, about 1 cm, about 2 cm, about 5 cm, about 10 cm, about 1 mm to about 10 cm, about 5 mm to about 15 mm, about 8 mm to about 12 mm, about 10 mm to about 15 mm, about 20 mm to about 100 mm, about 10 mm to about 500 mm, about 100 mm to about 1 cm, about 100 mm to about 10 cm, about 500 mm to about 10 cm, about 1 cm to about 5 cm, about 1 cm to about 10 cm, about 5 cm to about 10 cm, or any value or range between any two of these values or ranges (including endpoints).
In some embodiments, the anti-ballistic system 100 may include 1 layer 105a-n, 2 layers, 3 layers, 4 layers, 5 layers, 6 layers, 7 layers, 8 layers, 9 layers, 10 layers, 15 layers, 20 layers, 25 layers, 1 layer to 25 layers, 1 layer to 5 layers, 1 layer to 10 layers, 2 layers to 5 layers, 2 layers to 10 layers, 3 layers to 5 layers, 3 layers to 10 layers, 5 layers to 10 layers, 5 layers to 20 layers, 3 layers to 25 layers, 10 layers to 15 layers, 10 layers to 25 layers, 20 layers to 25 layers, or any value or range between any two of these values or ranges (including endpoints).
Each layer 105a-n may include one or more materials 110a-n, 115a-n, 120a-n in various combinations. In some embodiments, one or more layers 105a-n may include different types, thicknesses, and/or arrangements (for instance, an ordering) of the materials 110a-n, 115a-n, 120a-n according to some embodiments. In a first non-limiting example, a layer 105a may include one or more of ACP 110a, one or more of GR 115a, and one or more of EVA 120a. In a second non-limiting example, a layer 105a may include one or more of ACP 110a and one or more of EVA 120a. In a third non-limiting example, a layer 105a may include one or more of ACP 110a. The materials, the numbers of sub-layers of materials, and the ordering thereof in the various types of layers 105a-n may be arranged in various combinations.
In some embodiments, various other materials may be included on or between the layers 105a-n and/or materials 110a-n, 115a-n, 120a-n thereof. Non limiting examples of such various other materials may include metals, metal alloys (for example, ST), stone materials, polymer materials, fiber or fabric materials (for instance, para-aramid fibers such as Kevlar®), polycarbonate, and/or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the layers 105a-n may consist only of metal, polymer, and stone materials. In some embodiments, the layers 105a-n may consist only of AL, EVA, and GR materials. In some embodiments, the layers 105a-n may consist only of AL, EVA, ST, and GR materials.
Embodiments are not limited to the materials described herein, such as AL, ACP, EVA, and/or GR, as other materials may be used in substitution thereof and/or in combination therewith. For example, other hard stone or stone-like materials may be used in combination with or in the place of GR, such as other hard natural stones, concrete, or the like. In another example, other metals may be used in combination with or in the place of AL. In a further example, other polymer materials may be used in combination with or in substitution of PE and/or EVA. In addition, one or more of the materials and/or portions of an anti-ballistic system may be coated, covered, and/or finished using various materials. Non-limiting examples of coating materials may include polymer materials, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), paint materials, plaster, gypsum plaster, and/or any combination thereof.
The anti-ballistic system 200 may include a plurality of layers 205-225 formed from various materials or sub-layers (“layers”). A first layer 205 may include a first ACP layer 205a, a first GR layer 205b, and a first EVA layer 205c. A second layer 210 may include a second ACP layer 210a, a second GR layer 210b, and a second EVA layer 210c. A third layer 215 may include a third ACP layer 215a and a third EVA layer 215c. A fourth layer 220 may include a fourth ACP layer 220a and a fourth EVA layer 220c. A fifth layer 225 may include a fifth ACP layer 225a. In some embodiments, one or more of the GR layers 205b, 210b may be affixed, such as through an adhesive and/or fasteners, to an adjacent ACP layer 205a, 210a.
Each layer 205-225 and the materials thereof may operate to provide anti-ballistic properties to the anti-ballistic system 200. For instance, as a projectile hits GR layer 205b, the tip of the projectile (for instance, a round of ammunition) may be flattened and the projectile may be broken into smaller pieces. The breakup of GR layer 205b may operate to remove kinetic energy from the projectile. EVA layer 205c may act as a shock absorber, for instance, to protect GR layer 205b from being split into pieces. The second layer 210 may operate to increase the protection level of the wall. The combination of ACP layers 215a, 220a and EVA layers 215c, 220c in layers 215 and 220 may operate to “catch” and slow the projectile and granite fragments to an eventual stop before penetrating the back side 235. Layers 205 and 210 may be configured as “impact layers” configured to receive and diminish (including completely eliminate) the energy of an impact of a projectile, blast, or other ballistic event. Layers 215-225 may be “fragment catching layers” configured to receive and diminish the movement of fragments, such as projectile fragments and pieces of other layers within the anti-ballistic system 200, such as fragments of impact layers 205 and 210.
The anti-ballistic systems (such as anti-ballistic systems 100, 200, and 305) described herein may be configured to be compliant with various ballistics, blast, and/or forced entry and bullet resistance standards. In some embodiments, anti-ballistic systems configured according to some embodiments may be UL8 compliant (for example, American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/UL-752 level 8) (for example, 5 rounds of .308 caliber military ball inside a 4.5 inch2 area). For example, a UL8 test of anti-ballistic system 200 may result in no penetration or substantially no penetration of ACP layers 220a and 225a. In some embodiments, anti-ballistic systems configured according to some embodiments may be able to obtain a blast certification of 11 pounds per square inch (PSI) overpressure (for example, 11 PSI peak overpressure, 2200 pounds of trinitrotoluene (TNT) at 100 feet). In some embodiments, anti-ballistic systems configured according to some embodiments may be able to obtain a forced entry certification of 15 minutes (for example, 15 minute attacks on wall structure and seams, plus .308 caliber rounds). Accordingly, anti-ballistic systems described herein according to some embodiments may provide a cost-efficient UL8 wall system formed from standard, inexpensive building materials.
In some embodiments, the anti-ballistic system may be formed as a panel, for example, for use as a wall structure. In some embodiments, an anti-ballistic system wall structure may have a height of about 1.22 meters (about 4 feet), about 1.52 meters (about 5 feet), about 1.83 meters (about 6 feet), about 2.13 meters (about 7 feet), about 2.44 meters (about 8 feet), about 3.05 meters (about 10 feet), about 3.66 meters (about 12 feet), about 4.57 meters (about 15 feet), or any value or range between any two of these values or ranges (including endpoints). In some embodiments, an anti-ballistic system wall structure may have a width of about 0.31 meters (about 1 foot), about 0.61 meters (about 2 feet), about 0.91 meters (about 3 feet) about 1.22 meters (about 4 feet), about 1.52 meters (about 5 feet), about 1.82 meters (about 6 feet), about 2.13 meters (about 7 feet), about 2.44 meters (about 8 feet), about 3.05 meters (about 10 feet), or any value or range between any two of these values or ranges (including endpoints). In some embodiments, an anti-ballistic system wall structure may have a thickness of about 1.27 centimeters (about ½ inches), about 2.54 centimeters (about 1 inch), about 5.08 centimeters (about 2 inches), about 7.62 centimeters (about 3 inches), about 8.26 centimeters (about 3¼ inches), about 8.89 centimeters (about 3½ inches), about 9.53 centimeters (about 3¾ inches), about 10.16 centimeters (about 4 inches), about 12.70 centimeters (about 5 inches), about 25.4 centimeters (about 10 inches), or any value or range between any two of these values or ranges (including endpoints). In some embodiments, an anti-ballistic system wall structure may have a weight per area (or “weight”) of about 48.8 kilograms per square meter (kg/m2) (about 10 pounds per square foot (lbs/ft2)), about 73.2 kg/m2 (about 15 lbs/ft2), about 87.9 kg/m2 (about 18 lbs/ft2), about 97.7 kg/m2 (20 lbs/ft2), or any value or range between any two of these values or ranges (including endpoints).
In some embodiments, an anti-ballistic system wall structure may include various elements for connecting and/or stacking anti-ballistic system wall structures to each other and/or to other building structures (for example, ceilings and/or existing walls). Non-limiting examples of such elements include sheer bars, I-beams, anchors, brackets, or the like.
In some embodiments, an anti-ballistic system may include one or more of the non-limiting illustrative layers as provided in the following Table 1 in one or more combinations:
TABLE 1
Example Layer 1
ACP
Example Layer 2
GR
Example Layer 3
EVA
Example Layer 4
ACP
ACP
Example Layer 5
GR
GR
Example Layer 6
EVA
EVA
Example Layer 7
ACP
GR
Example Layer 8
GR
ACP
Example Layer 9
ACP
EVA
Example Layer 10
EVA
ACP
Example Layer 11
GR
EVA
Example Layer 12
EVA
GR
Example Layer 13
ACP
EVA
ACP
GR
Example Layer 14
GR
ST
GR
Example Layer 15
EVA
ACP
EVA
GR
ST
Example Layer 16
ACP
GR
EVA
Example Layer 17
ACP
EVA
GR
Example Layer 18
GR
ACP
EVA
Example Layer 19
GR
EVA
ACP
Example Layer 20
EVA
GR
ACP
Example Layer 21
EVA
ACP
GR
Example Layer 22
ACP
GR
EVA
ACP
EVA
ACP
Example Layer 23
ACP
EVA
ACP
EVA
GR
ACP
Example Layer 24
ACP
GR
EVA
ACP
GR
EVA
ACP
EVA
ACP
EVA
ACP
Example Layer 25
EVA
GR
EVA
Example Layer 26
ACP
GR
EVA
GR
EVA
Example Layer 27
ACP
EVA
EVA
Example Layer 28
GR
GR
EVA
ACP
Example Layer 29
GR
GR
GR
GR
EVA
Example Layer 30
ACP
GR
ACP
GR
Example Layer 31
GR
EVA
GR
EVA
Example Layer 32
ACP
EVA
ACP
EVA
Example Layer 33
GR
GR
EVA
ACP
EVA
Example Layer 34
ACP
GR
GR
EVA
ACP
Example Layer 35
ACP
GR
EVA
GR
EVA
ACP
Example Layer 36
ACP
GR
GR
EVA
ACP
GR
GR
EVA
Example Layer 37
ACP
GR
EVA
ACP
GR
EVA
ACP
GR
EVA
ACP
Example Layer 38
ACP
GR
EVA
ACP
Example Layer 39
ACP
GR
EVA
ACP
GR
EVA
ACP
ECA
ACP
EVA
ACP
ACP
EVA
ACP
EVA
ACP
EVA
GR
ACP
EVA
GR
ACP
Example Layer 40
ST
Example Layer 41
ST
ST
Example Layer 42
ACP
ST
Example Layer 43
ST
ACP
Example Layer 44
ST
EVA
Example Layer 45
EVA
ST
Example Layer 46
ST
GR
Example Layer 47
GR
ST
Example Layer 48
ACP
EVA
ACP
ST
EVA
GR
ACP
Example Layer 49
ST
EVA
GR
ACP
Example Layer 50
ACP
ST
EVA
Example Layer 51
AL
Example Layer 52
AL
AL
Example Layer 53
AL
GR
EVA
AL
GR
EVA
AL
EVA
AL
EVA
AL
Example Layer 54
AL
GR
Example Layer 55
GR
AL
Example Layer 56
AL
EVA
Example Layer 57
EVA
AL
Example Layer 58
AL
ST
Example Layer 59
ST
AL
Example Layer 60
AL
GR
EVA
Example Layer 61
stone material
Example Layer 62
polymer material
Example Layer 63
metal material
Example Layer 64
metal material
stone material
polymer material
Example Layer 65
metal material
stone material
polymer material
metal material
polymer material
metal material
Example Layer 66
aluminum material
stone material
polymer material
ST
aluminum material
polymer material
aluminum material
Example Layer 67
metal material
polymer material
metal material
Example Layer 68
ACP
stone material
polymer material
ST
ACP
Example Layer 69
aluminum material
EVA
aluminum material
Example Layer 70
ST
aluminum material
The following Table 2 provides a non-limiting example of an anti-ballistic system according to some embodiments:
TABLE 2
Layer
Material
Thickness
1
ACP
4 mm
GR
13 mm
EVA
12 mm
2
ACP
4 mm
GR
13 mm
EVA
12 mm
3
ACP
4 mm
EVA
22 mm
4
ACP
4 mm
EVA
8 mm
5
ACP
4 mm
Ballistic resistance testing was performed on an anti-ballistic system configured as provided in Table 3:
TABLE 3
Size
12 × 12 inches
Average Thickness
3.281 inches
Weight
18.95 lbs
Layers
ACP (4 mm)
GR (18 mm)
EVA (25 mm)
ST (3 mm)
ACP (4 mm)
EVA (25 mm)
ACP (4 mm)
The ballistic resistance tests were performed according to the following standards: ANSI/UL 752-2005 and Non-Metallic, Protection Level 8 (7.62 mm M80, 2750-3025 feet per second (fps)). The ballistic resistance tests were configured according to the set-up provided in Table 4:
TABLE 4
Shot Spacing
4 on 4.5 inch2, 1 in center
Witness Panel
⅛ inch corrugated cardboard
Obliquity
0°
Conditioning
Ambient (72° F.)
Primary Vel. Screens
5.0 ft, 10.0 ft
Primary Vel. Location
7.5 ft from muzzle
Range to Target
15.0 ft
Target to Wit.
18.0 in
Temperature
72° F.
Barometric Pressure
30.30 in Hg
Relative Humidity
50%
Ammunition
7.62 × 51 mm, M80, ball, 150 gr.
The ballistic resistance tests on the ballistic system generated the results provided in Table 5:
TABLE 5
Average
Shot
Time
Velocity
Time
Velocity
Velocity
No.
1
1
2
2
(ft/s)
Penetration
1
1735
2882
1736
2880
2881
None
2
1729
2892
1730
2890
2891
None
3
1757
2846
1757
2846
2846
None
4
1743
2869
1745
2865
2867
None
5
1757
2846
1759
2843
2844
None
The ballistic resistance tests demonstrated the surprising results that, among other things, an anti-ballistic system may be UL8 and ANSI/UL 752-2005 compliant using a lightweight and compact form factor formed from the materials and in the dimensions described according to some embodiments.
In the above detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be used, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the Figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein.
The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds, compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (for example, bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (for example, the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to”). While various compositions, methods, and devices are described in terms of “comprising” various components or steps (interpreted as meaning “including, but not limited to”), the compositions, methods, and devices can also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various components and steps, and such terminology should be interpreted as defining essentially closed-member groups. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (for example, “a” and/or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (for example), the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, et cetera” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (for example, “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, et cetera). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, et cetera” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (for example, “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, et cetera). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”
In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.
As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, or the like. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “at least,” and the like include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth.
Various of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be combined into many other different systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art, each of which is also intended to be encompassed by the disclosed embodiments.
Meyer, Gilbert, Grieves, Richard, Lundkvist, Leif
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| Executed on | Assignor | Assignee | Conveyance | Frame | Reel | Doc |
| Oct 03 2014 | MEYER, GILBERT | ANTIBALLISTIC SECURITY AND PROTECTION, INC | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 040691 | /0678 | |
| Oct 03 2014 | LUNDKVIST, LEIF | ANTIBALLISTIC SECURITY AND PROTECTION, INC | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 040691 | /0678 | |
| Oct 03 2014 | GRIEVES, RICHARD | ANTIBALLISTIC SECURITY AND PROTECTION, INC | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 040691 | /0678 | |
| Oct 05 2015 | Antiballistic Security and Protection, Inc. | (assignment on the face of the patent) | / |
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