A St. Augustine grass which has been named "Seville" was disclosed in U.S.
Plant Pat. No. 4,097, which issued on Sept. 6, 1977.
This invention relates to a new and distinct perennial St. Augustine grass
selected from the progeny of the controlled pollination of Seville with
the pollen from a cold tolerant selection obtained from Memphis, Tenn.
This yellow anther, white stigma genotype was labeled 6-72-99 and
propagated vegetatively by stolons to provide planting stock for studying
performance and making comparisons to present commercial varieties.
The excellent cold tolerance, good overall appearance, and good resistance
to St. Augustine Decline Virus and gray leaf spot of 6-72-99 along with
other information, allow this genotype to be distinguished from other St.
Augustine grasses.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of 6-72-99 St. Augustine turf;
FIG. 2 shows a single spike of 6-72-99 St. Augustine grass plant depicting
yellow anthers and white stigmas protruding from several spikelets.
Genotype 6-72-99 has a yellow anther color, a white stigma color, and an
unreduced chromosome number of 18. The internodes are shorter and thicker
than most commonly grown St. Augustine grass cultivars. Leaf blade length
and leaf sheath length are significantly shorter than Floratam, a widely
grown cultivar in Florida and Texas. The difference between 6-72-99 and
Floratam in leaf blade length is accentuated under low light growing
conditions. Floratam is noted for its poor shade performance in contrast
to most St. Augustine grasses. The blade width of 6-72-99 is equal to or
wider than other St. Augustine grasses. Measurements of the spike and
related structures indicate that 6-72-99 has a longer spike, a longer
peduncle, and a longer flag leaf sheath than other St. Augustine grasses
except for Floratam. The chromosome numbers, anther and stigma color and
morphological measurements of 6-72-99 and other St. Augustine grasses are
compared in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4.
| TABLE 1
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| ______________________________________
|
| Chromosome numbers, anther color and stigma color of
|
| 6-72-99 and other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Chromosome Anther Stigma
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Number Color Color
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 18 Yellow White
|
| Bitterblue 27 Yellow Purple
|
| Floratam 27 Yellow Purple
|
| Floratine 27 Yellow Purple
|
| Raleigh 18 Yellow White
|
| Seville 18 Yellow Purple
|
| Texas Common 18 Yellow White
|
| California Common
|
| 18 Yellow White
|
| 1081 18 Purple Purple
|
| ______________________________________
|
| TABLE 2
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| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative measurements of internode length and thickness
|
| of 6-72-99 and other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Internode
|
| Internode Length (cm)
|
| Thickness (mm)
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Florida(a)
|
| Ohio(b,c)
|
| Ohio(b)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 4.1 5.7 3.5
|
| Bitterblue 3.7 6.9 2.7
|
| Floratam 6.3 7.5 3.2
|
| Floratine 4.7 5.8 2.7
|
| Raleigh 5.8 7.0 3.2
|
| Seville 4.5 6.8 2.7
|
| Texas Common
|
| -- 6.2 3.0
|
| California Common
|
| -- 4.2 2.4
|
| 1081 3.9 7.3 2.8
|
| LSD (.05) 1.00 1.15 .24
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Field planting Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Average length of thir
|
| to seventh internodes on terminal end of stolon.
|
| (b) Greenhouse planting Marysville, Ohio. Measurements taken on
|
| unclipped potted plants.
|
| (c) Length of third internode from terminal end of stolon.
|
| TABLE 3
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| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative Leaf Blade Length, Width and Sheath Length of
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| 6-72-99 and other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Blade Length (cm)
|
| Blade Sheath
|
| Ohio(b)
|
| Width(c)
|
| Length(c)
|
| Selection/ High(c)
|
| Low(d)
|
| (cm) (cm)
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| Variety Texas(a)
|
| Light Light Ohio(b)
|
| Ohio(b)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 3.0 7.3 16.7 1.8 3.3
|
| Bitterblue
|
| -- 7.4 17.5 1.5 2.8
|
| Floratam 6.6 10.1 27.2 1.7 4.5
|
| Floratine -- 8.6 16.3 1.4 3.2
|
| Raleigh 3.9 7.8 13.8 1.7 3.7
|
| Seville 2.9 6.9 18.4 1.4 2.9
|
| Texas Common
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| 2.7 8.1 16.6 1.7 3.6
|
| California
|
| -- 3.8 11.8 1.2 2.2
|
| Common
|
| 1081 -- 7.8 15.2 1.5 3.2
|
| LSD(.05) .77 2.03 3.25 0.17 0.71
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Field Planting Cleveland, Texas.
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| (b) Greenhouse Planting Marysville, Ohio. Measurements taken on
|
| unclipped potted plants.
|
| (c) After a period of natural sunlight and a high level supplemental
|
| light.
|
| (d) After a lengthy period of very cloudy conditions and no
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| supplemental light.
|
| TABLE 4
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| ______________________________________
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| Comparative measurements of the inflorescence and related
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| structures of 6-72-99 and other St. Augustine grasses(a).
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| ______________________________________
|
| Spike Peduncle
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| Length Width Length
|
| Width
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 93 5.3 68 2.1
|
| Bitterblue 78 5.6 61 2.2
|
| Floratam 96 5.9 83 2.4
|
| Floratine 74 5.8 48 2.3
|
| Raleigh 72 5.8 62 2.2
|
| Seville 71 4.9 50 1.9
|
| Texas Common 68 4.9 42 1.9
|
| 1081 78 5.2 60 1.9
|
| LSD(.05) 10.0 .64 18.3 0.28
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| ______________________________________
|
| Flag Leaf Flag Leaf Sheath
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| Length Width Length
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| Selection/Variety
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| (mm) (mm) (mm)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 21 6.7 46
|
| Bitterblue 22 6.4 44
|
| Floratam 35 6.3 46
|
| Floratine 27 7.2 39
|
| Raleigh 25 7.5 42
|
| Seville 15 5.8 38
|
| Texas Common
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| 29 7.1 39
|
| 1081 25 6.3 39
|
| LSD(.05) 12.4 1.08 6.7
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| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Greenhouse planting Marysville, Ohio.
|
Field observations of 6-72-99 indicate that it has generally good turf
quality characteristics throughout the year. However, it excels during the
cooler winter and early spring months in its turf quality and its ability
to avoid injury to occasional cold and freezing temperatures. These
characteristics of 6-72-99 as compared with other St. Augustine grasses is
illustrated in Tables 5, 6 and 7.
| TABLE 5
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative turf quality(a) of 6-72-99 and other
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| St. Augustine grasses at various locations in the U.S.
|
| Turf Quality
|
| Florida
|
| Fort California
|
| Lauderdale
|
| SCFS(h)
|
| Selection/ Expt Expt Expt Expt
|
| Variety Apopka(b)
|
| 1(c)
|
| 2(d)
|
| 3(e)
|
| 4(f)
|
| Somas(g)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 7.4 7.5 5.8 6.1 4.7 4.9
|
| Bitterblue
|
| 6.2 5.6 5.9 -- -- --
|
| Floralawn -- -- 7.1 -- -- --
|
| Floratam 5.9 6.5 7.2 -- 3.9 --
|
| Floratine 6.2 5.3 6.2 -- -- --
|
| Raleigh 6.6 3.0 -- -- 3.6 --
|
| Seville 7.8 7.3 6.3 6.7 -- 5.3
|
| Texas Common
|
| 7.5 -- -- 5.9 4.5 3.6
|
| California
|
| -- -- -- 6.1 4.6 5.3
|
| Common
|
| 1081 7.2 6.1 5.5 -- -- --
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Quality rated 1-10, 10 = best.
|
| (b) Mean over 4 years with a total of 8 evaluations.
|
| (c) Mean of 5 dates of evaluations.
|
| (d) Mean of 15 dates of evaluations.
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| (e) Mean of 25 dates of evaluations.
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| (f) Mean of 6 dates of evaluations.
|
| (g) Mean of 2 dates of evaluations.
|
| (h) South Coast Field Station University of California.
|
| TABLE 6
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative turf quality(a) of 6-72-99 and other
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| St. Augustine grasses during the winter season or
|
| early spring at various locations in the U.S.
|
| Turf Quality
|
| Apopka(b)
|
| Cleveland(c)
|
| SCFS(d)
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Florida Texas California
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 9.9 6.4 5.4
|
| Bitterblue 5.0 -- --
|
| Floratam 5.6 6.0 --
|
| Floratine 5.8 6.0 --
|
| Raleigh 7.7 -- --
|
| Seville 7.8 6.2 4.5
|
| Texas Common
|
| 8.9 6.2 4.2
|
| California Common
|
| -- -- 4.6
|
| 1081 6.4 4.8 --
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Quality rated 1-10, 10 = best.
|
| (b) Mean of 3 dates of evaluations.
|
| (c) Mean of 5 dates of evaluations.
|
| (d) South Coast Field Station University of California Mean of 6
|
| dates of evaluations.
|
| TABLE 7
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative cold injury of 6-72-99 and other
|
| St. Augustine grasses in Apopka, Florida.
|
| Cold Injury (%)
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Expt. 1 Expt. 2 Mean
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 0 0 0
|
| Bitterblue 53 38 45
|
| Floratam 40 42 41
|
| Floratine 48 32 40
|
| Raleigh 32 12 22
|
| Seville 35 15 25
|
| Texas Common 18 7 12
|
| 1081 47 33 40
|
| LSD(.05) 20.9 18.5
|
| ______________________________________
|
Color of turf is an important component of turf quality. 6-72-99 has a
pleasing green color throughout the year. In addition, minimizing loss of
green color due to herbicide injury, cold, or other causes is also
important in maintaining good quality turf for 6-72-99. Besides green
color or loss of green color, St. Augustine grasses have a tendency to
have a purple coloring in the stem. 6-72-99 has a low level of purpling in
the stems. Minimizing the number of seedheads in turf is also important in
maintaining high quality turf. 6-72-99 has a medum level of flowering
shoots in turf. This information is illustrated in Tables 8, 9 and 10.
| TABLE 8
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative color ratings of 6-72-99 and other
|
| St. Augustine grasses at various locations in the U.S.
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Color(a)
|
| Florida
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Apopka(b)
|
| Fort Lauderdale(c)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 8.9 1.8
|
| Bitterblue 7.9 3.0
|
| Floratam 8.4 2.9
|
| Floratine 7.9 2.9
|
| Raleigh 7.1 2.0
|
| Seville 8.8 2.0
|
| Texas Common 8.0 --
|
| California Common
|
| -- --
|
| 1081 8.5 1.3
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Color(a)
|
| California Texas
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Somas(d)
|
| SCFS(e)
|
| Cleveland(f)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 7.9 7.0 6.8
|
| Bitterblue -- -- --
|
| Floratam -- -- 6.8
|
| Floratine -- -- 6.8
|
| Raleigh -- -- --
|
| Seville 7.5 8.6 6.7
|
| Texas Common
|
| 5.9 4.2 6.8
|
| California Common
|
| 7.7 6.5 --
|
| 1081 -- -- 5.6
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Color rated 1-10, 10 darkest green unless noted otherwise.
|
| (b) Mean of 8 evaluations.
|
| (c) Rated 1-3, 3 = darker green.
|
| (d) Mean of 3 evaluations.
|
| (e) South Coast Field Station
|
| (f) Mean of 5 evaluations.
|
| TABLE 9
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative ratings of various attributes of 6-72-99 and other
|
| St. Augustine grasses which detract from overall appearance.
|
| Selection/ Dis- Chlo- Seed
|
| Variety Brown(a)
|
| color(b)
|
| rosis(c)
|
| Asulox(d)
|
| Heads(e)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 3.7 1 20.0 0 400
|
| Bitterblue
|
| -- -- 14.5 12 200
|
| Floralawn -- -- -- -- 120
|
| Floratam 6.3 -- 11.0 0 60
|
| Floratine -- -- 7.5 2 80
|
| Raleigh 8.3 -- 10.0 10 --
|
| Seville -- 0 17.5 3 1110
|
| Texas Common
|
| 5.7 0 17.0 0 --
|
| California
|
| 4.0 4 -- -- --
|
| Common
|
| 1081 -- -- 14.5 7 650
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) South Coast Field Station University of California Rated as %
|
| brown turf.
|
| (b) South Coast Field Station Rated as % discolored turf.
|
| (c) Apopka, Florida Rated as % chlorotic turf.
|
| (d) Apopka, Florida Rated as % injury.
|
| (e) Fort Lauderdale, Florida Rated as the number of seedheads per
|
| square meter.
|
| TABLE 10
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative evaluations of purple stem color of
|
| 6-72-99 and other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Purple Stem Color(a)
|
| Florida
|
| Selection/
|
| Ohio Fort California
|
| Variety Marysville(b)
|
| Lauderdale
|
| Apopka SCFS
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 3.5 4.5 5 0.7
|
| Bitterblue
|
| 8.0 5.3 30 --
|
| Floratam 8.3 6.1 33 2.7
|
| Floratine
|
| 8.0 6.3 10 --
|
| Raleigh 6.0 4.0 14 1.7
|
| Seville 4.0 4.5 1 --
|
| Texas 4.5 -- 9 1.0
|
| Common
|
| 1081 7.5 5.9 52 --
|
| LSD(.05) 1.1 0.9
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Purple stem color rated 1-10, 10 = stolons are very purple, 1 =
|
| stolons are entirely green. For Apopka, visual estimation of the level of
|
| stem purpling in percent.
|
| (b) Test planted in the greenhouse.
|
Tolerance to various diseases and insects is important for maintaining good
quality turf with minimum levels of pesticides. 6-72-99 has shown
resistance to St. Augustine grass Decline Virus inoculations in the
laboratory. In field studies, it has shown a good level of resistance to
gray leaf spot (Pyricularia grisea) and dollarspot (Curvularia sp.).
Tolerance to insects is an extremely difficult characteristic to measure
accurately. For chinchbugs (Blissus sp.) and sod webworm (Crambus sp.),
6-72-99 has shown tolerance levels equal to most other St. Augustine
grasses.
| TABLE 11
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative disease ratings of 6-72-99 and
|
| other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Gray Leaf Spot(a)
|
| Dollarspot(d)
|
| Selection/
|
| Apopka(b)
|
| Fort Lauderdale(c)
|
| Fort Lauderdale
|
| Variety Florida Florida Florida
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 1.0 4.0 0.0
|
| Bitterblue
|
| 3.5 6.6 0.2
|
| Floratam 3.8 4.0 0.0
|
| Floratine 2.6 7.0 0.5
|
| Raleigh 0.7 3.6 --
|
| Seville 0.8 3.8 0.0
|
| Texas Common
|
| 2.4 -- --
|
| 1081 2.2 2.7 0.3
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Rated 1-10, 10 = most disease.
|
| (b) Mean of two evaluations.
|
| (c) Mean of two evaluations.
|
| (d) Rating based on number of spots per square meter.
|
| TABLE 12
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative ratings of insect tolerance of 6-72-99 and
|
| other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Chinchbugs(a)
|
| Sod Webworms(b)
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Florida(c)
|
| California(d)
|
| Florida(e)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-99 2.0 0.0 49
|
| Bitterblue 5.0 -- 24
|
| Floratam 7.0 -- 18
|
| Floratine 2.7 -- 24
|
| Raleigh 6.3 -- 44
|
| Seville 5.7 0.3 39
|
| Texas Common
|
| 4.7 2.0 --
|
| California Common
|
| -- 3.0 --
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Rated 1-10, 10 = severe damage.
|
| (b) Rated as % damage.
|
| (c) Planted in the greenhouse at Apopka, Florida.
|
| (d) South Coast Field Station, University of California.
|
| (e) Planted in containers at Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Mean of two
|
| evaluations.
|
Meier, Virgil D., Riordan, Terrance P., Mixson, Wayne C.
| Patent |
Priority |
Assignee |
Title |
| Date |
Maintenance Fee Events |
n/a
| Date |
Maintenance Schedule |
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