A St. Augustine grass which has been named "Seville" was disclosed in U.S.
Plant Pat. No. 4,097, which issued on Sept. 6, 1977. Another St. Augustine
grass which has been named "Delmar" was disclosed in U.S. Plant patent
application Ser. No. 893,960, filed Aug. 7, 1986. A further St. Augustine
grass designated 6-72-182 is disclosed in U.S. Plant patent application
Ser. No. 07/185,523, filed of even date herewith.
The present invention relates to a new and distinct perennial St. Augustine
grass selected from the progeny of a controlled pollination of a plant
originating in Florida with the pollen of a cold tolerant selection
obtained from Memphis, Tenn. This purple anther, purple stigma genotype
was labeled 6-72-130 and propagated vegetatively by stolons to provide
planting stock for studying performance and making comparisons to present
commercial varieties.
The combination of purple stigma, purple anthers, short internode length,
short leaf blade length, good cold tolerance, a high tendency for purple
stems, and good resistance to gray leaf spot of 6-72-130 along with other
information allow this genotype to be distinguished from other St.
Augustine grasses.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of 6-72-130 St. Augustine turf;
FIG. 2 shows a single spike of a 6-72-130 St. Augustine grass plant
depicting purple anthers and purple stigmas protruding from several
spikelets; and
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a vegetative stolon of 6-72-130 St. Augustine
grass.
Genotype 6-72-130 has a purple anther color, a purple stigma color, and an
unreduced chromosome number of 18. The internodes are shorter and flatter
than most St. Augustine varieties. Leaf blade measurements show that
6-72-130 generally has a shorter and narrower leaf blade than most
varieties. From the standpoint of judging turf performance, the
combination of shorter internodes, narrower leaf blades and shorter leaf
blades results in a turf that is generally more dense, finer textured and
produces fewer clippings. Measurements of the spike and related structures
indicate that 6-72-130 has a shorter and narrower spike, a shorter and
narrower peduncle, an average length but narrower flag leaf and a shorter
flag leaf sheath than other St. Augustine grasses. The chromosome numbers,
anther and stigma color and morphological measurements of 6-72-130 and
other St. Augustine grasses are compared in Tables 1-4.
| TABLE 1
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Chromosome numbers, anther color, and stigma color of 6-72-130
|
| and other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Chromosome Anther Stigma
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Number Color Color
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 18 Purple Purple
|
| 6-72-182 18 Yellow White
|
| Bitterblue 27 Yellow Purple
|
| Delmar 18 Yellow White
|
| Floratam 27 Yellow Purple
|
| Floratine 27 Yellow Purple
|
| Raleigh 18 Yellow White
|
| Seville 18 Yellow Purple
|
| Texas Common 18 Yellow White
|
| California Common
|
| 18 Yellow White
|
| 1081 18 Purple Purple
|
| ______________________________________
|
| TABLE 2
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative measurements of internode length and thickness of
|
| 6-72-130 and other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Internode(b)
|
| Selection/
|
| No. of Length Diameter (mm)(c)
|
| Variety Nodes(a)
|
| (cm) Longest
|
| Shortest
|
| Flat(d)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 5.2 5.6 2.7 1.9 1.44
|
| 6-72-182 -- 4.8 2.8 2.2 1.32
|
| Bitterblue
|
| -- 6.9 2.7 2.1 1.30
|
| Delmar 4.5 5.7 3.5 2.6 1.35
|
| Floratam 4.1 7.5 3.2 2.5 1.25
|
| Floratine -- 5.8 2.7 2.2 1.30
|
| Raleigh 4.5 7.0 3.2 2.5 1.27
|
| Seville 4.8 6.8 2.7 2.2 1.25
|
| Texas Common
|
| 4.4 6.2 3.0 2.2 1.35
|
| California
|
| -- 4.2 2.4 2.0 1.22
|
| Common
|
| 1081 -- 7.3 2.8 2.0 1.38
|
| LSD (.05) -- 1.15 0.24 0.27 0.091
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Number of nodes per six inch stolon at Cleveland, Texas.
|
| (b) Greenhouse planting at Marysville, Ohio. Measurements taken on
|
| unclipped potted plants using third internode from terminal end of stolon
|
| (c) Diameter measurements taken at the approximate center of the
|
| internode which has an elliptical shaped cross section.
|
| (d) Flatness index equals longest axis divided by shortest axis. A
|
| larger flatness index indicates a flatter shaped stem.
|
| TABLE 3
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative Leaf Blade Length, Width and Sheath Length of
|
| 6-72-130 and other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Blade Length (cm)
|
| Blade Sheath
|
| Ohio(b)
|
| Width(c)
|
| Length(c)
|
| Selection/ High(c)
|
| Low(d)
|
| (cm) (cm)
|
| Variety Texas(a)
|
| Light Light Ohio(b)
|
| Ohio(b)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 2.2 5.2 14.8 1.3 2.7
|
| 6-72-182 -- 5.3 13.7 1.5 2.3
|
| Delmar 3.0 7.3 16.7 1.8 3.3
|
| Bitterblue
|
| -- 7.4 17.5 1.5 2.8
|
| Floratam 6.6 10.1 27.2 1.7 4.5
|
| Floratine -- 8.6 16.3 1.4 3.2
|
| Raleigh 3.9 7.8 13.8 1.7 3.7
|
| Seville 2.9 6.9 18.4 1.4 2.9
|
| Texas Common
|
| 2.7 8.1 16.6 1.7 3.6
|
| California
|
| -- 3.8 11.8 1.2 2.2
|
| Common
|
| 1081 -- 7.8 15.2 1.5 3.2
|
| LSD (.05) .77 2.03 3.25 0.17 0.71
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Field Planting Cleveland, Texas.
|
| (b) Greenhouse Planting Marysville, Ohio. Measurements taken on
|
| unclipped potted plants.
|
| (c) After a period of natural sunlight and a high level supplemental
|
| light.
|
| (d) After a lengthy period of very cloudy conditions and no
|
| supplemental light.
|
| TABLE 4
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative measurements of the inflorescence and related
|
| structures of 6-72-130 and other St. Augustine grasses(a).
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Spike Peduncle
|
| Length Width Length
|
| Width
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 56 4.8 41 1.7
|
| 6-72-182 60 4.3 52 1.6
|
| Delmar 93 5.3 68 2.1
|
| Bitterblue 78 5.6 61 2.2
|
| Floratam 96 5.9 83 2.4
|
| Floratine 74 5.8 48 2.3
|
| Raleigh 72 5.8 62 2.2
|
| Seville 71 4.9 50 1.9
|
| Texas Common
|
| 68 4.9 42 1.9
|
| 1081 78 5.2 60 1.9
|
| LSD (.05) 10.0 .64 18.3 0.28
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Flag Leaf Flag Leaf Sheath
|
| Length Width Length
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| (mm) (mm) (mm)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 30 5.9 31
|
| 6-72-182 16 6.0 30
|
| Delmar 21 6.7 46
|
| Bitterblue 22 6.4 44
|
| Floratam 35 6.3 46
|
| Floratine 27 7.2 39
|
| Raleigh 25 7.5 42
|
| Seville 15 5.8 38
|
| Texas Common
|
| 29 7.1 39
|
| 1081 25 6.3 39
|
| LSD (.05) 12.4 1.08 6.7
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Greenhouse planting Marysville, Ohio.
|
Field observations of 6-72-130 indicate that it has generally good turf
quality characteristics throughout the year and across the area of the
United States where St. Augustine grass is adapted. It performs especially
well in the climate of southern California. Although it performs best
during the hotter summer months, it has good cold tolerance and performs
well during the winter months. These characteristics of 6-72-130 as
compared with other St. Augustine grasses are illustrated in Tables 5-7.
| TABLE 5
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative turf quality(a) of 6-72-130 and other St. Augustine
|
| grasses at various locations in the U.S.
|
| Turf Quality
|
| Florida(b)
|
| Win- Cali-
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Summer ter Mean fornia(c)
|
| Texas(d)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 8.2 7.6 7.8 7.9 7.0
|
| 6-72-182 9.3 8.3 8.7 -- --
|
| Bitterblue 7.3 5.9 6.0 -- --
|
| Calif. Common
|
| -- -- -- 6.7 --
|
| Delmar 9.8 9.0 9.6 5.9 7.0
|
| Floratam 7.5 5.8 6.1 -- 6.3
|
| Floratine 7.2 6.1 6.4 -- --
|
| Florida Common
|
| 8.2 6.6 7.0 -- --
|
| Raleigh 6.7 7.1 7.4 -- 6.3
|
| Seville 9.0 7.9 8.1 6.8 6.3
|
| Texas Common
|
| 6.5 8.4 8.0 4.6 8.3
|
| 1081 8.7 6.8 7.3 -- --
|
| LSD (.05) 0.45 0.99 0.88 1.7
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Quality rated 1-10, 10 = best.
|
| (b) Test planted at Apopka, Florida
|
| (c) Test planted at Somas, California
|
| (d) Test planted at Cleveland, Texas
|
| TABLE 6
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative turf quality(a) of 6-72-130 and other St. Augustine
|
| grass varieties at the South Coast Field Station of the University
|
| of California - Riverside.
|
| Turf Quality
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Summer Winter Mean
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 6.6 4.6 5.4
|
| 6-72-182 5.8 4.5 5.0
|
| Calif. Common
|
| 5.4 4.2 4.7
|
| Delmar 5.3 4.7 4.9
|
| Floratam 5.4 4.1 4.6
|
| Raleigh 4.6 3.3 3.9
|
| Texas Common 5.5 4.3 4.8
|
| LSD (.05) 0.50 0.44 0.39
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Qualityrated 1-10, 10 = best.
|
| TABLE 7
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative cold injury of 6-72-130 and other St. Augustine
|
| grasses in Apopka, Florida.
|
| Cold Injury (%)
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Expt. 1 Expt. 2 Expt. 3
|
| Expt. 4
|
| Mean
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 35 17 38 18 27
|
| 6-72-182 21 5 35 28 22
|
| Bitterblue 53 38 58 34 46
|
| Delmar 0 0 17 3 5
|
| Floratam 40 42 55 40 44
|
| Floratine 48 32 37 26 36
|
| Raleigh 32 12 37 24 28
|
| Seville 35 15 37 24 28
|
| Texas Common
|
| 18 7 33 28 21
|
| 1081 47 33 48 33 40
|
| LSD (.05) 20.9 18.5 26.1 23.5 16.5
|
| ______________________________________
|
Color of turf is an important component of turf quality. 6-72-130 has a
pleasant medium green color comparable to many other St. Augustine
grasses. Other factors that have shown varietal differences include:
tendency to turn brown during the winter, for which 6-72-130 is rated
about average; susceptibility to Asulox (an important herbicide) to which
6-72-130 is not susceptible; tendency to have a flush of seedheads in the
spring, for which 6-72-130 has a lower tendency than other varieties;
purple stem color, especially during cold weather, for which 6-72-130 has
a higher than average tendency; susceptibility to gray leaf spot to which
6-72-130 has good resistance; and susceptibility to chinch bugs to which
6-72-130 has shown no greater susceptibility than most other varieties.
Data on turf color, winter browning, Asulox injury, seedheads, purple
stems, gray leaf spot and chinch bugs are illustrated in Tables 8-12.
| TABLE 8
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative color ratings of 6-72-130 and other St. Augustine
|
| grasses at various locations in the U.S.
|
| Color(a)
|
| Florida(b)
|
| California
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Summer Mean Scfs(c)
|
| Somas(d)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 8.6 7.7 3.8 8.4
|
| 6-72-182 9.8 8.5 3.9 --
|
| Bitterblue 8.5 7.6 -- --
|
| Calif. Common
|
| -- -- 3.8 8.4
|
| Delmar 10.0 8.9 4.6 8.2
|
| Floratam 8.8 7.8 4.2 --
|
| Floratine 8.0 7.5 -- --
|
| Florida Common
|
| 8.3 7.9 -- --
|
| Raleigh 7.0 6.5 3.4 --
|
| Seville 9.2 8.5 -- 7.2
|
| Texas Common
|
| 6.8 7.9 4.0 6.3
|
| 1081 8.8 8.0 -- --
|
| LSD (.05) 0.48 0.67 0.35
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Color rated 1-10, 10 = darkest green.
|
| (b) Test planted at Apopka, Florida.
|
| (c) Test planted at South Coast Field Station, University of
|
| California Riverside.
|
| (d) Test planted at Somas, California.
|
| TABLE 9
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative ratings of various attributes of 6-72-130 and other St.
|
| Augustine grasses which detract from overall appearance.
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Brown(a)
|
| Asulox(b)
|
| Seed Heads(c)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 6.3 5 7.7
|
| 6-72-182 5.0 0 --
|
| Delmar 3.7 0 5.7
|
| Bitterblue -- 12 --
|
| Floratam 6.3 0 7.0
|
| Floratine -- 2 --
|
| Raleigh 8.3 10 3.0
|
| Seville -- 3 5.7
|
| Texas Common
|
| 5.7 0 5.7
|
| California Common
|
| 4.0 -- --
|
| 1081 -- 7 --
|
| LSD (.05) 2.0 5.3 2.3
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Test planted at South Coast Field Station University of
|
| California Rated as % brown turf.
|
| (b) Test planted at Apopka, Florida Rated as % injury.
|
| (c) Test planted at Cleveland, Texas Rated 0-9, 9 = no seedheads, 1
|
| = many seedheads.
|
| TABLE 10
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative evaluations of purple stem color of 6-72-130 and
|
| other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Purple Stem Color(a)
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Ohio(b)
|
| Florida(c)
|
| California(d)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 8.3 30 4.3
|
| 6-72-182 4.5 3 0
|
| Bitterblue 8.0 10 --
|
| Cal. Common -- -- 0.7
|
| Delmar 3.5 7 0.7
|
| Floratam 8.3 20 2.7
|
| Floratine 8.0 8 --
|
| Raleigh 6.0 28 1.7
|
| Seville 4.0 0 --
|
| Texas Common 4.5 8 1.0
|
| 1081 7.5 58 --
|
| LSD (.05) 1.1 15 0.9
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Purple stem color rated 1-10, 10 = stolons are very purple, 1 =
|
| stolons are entirely green. For Florida, visual estimation of the level o
|
| stem purpling in percent.
|
| (b) Test planted in the greenhouse at Marysville, Ohio.
|
| (c) Test planted at Apopka, Florida.
|
| (d) Test planted at South Coast Field Station, University of
|
| California Riverside.
|
| TABLE 11
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative ratings of gray leaf spot(a) of 6-72-130 and other St.
|
| Augustine grasses at Apopka, Florida.
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 1.7
|
| 6-72-182 1.7
|
| Bitterblue 3.5
|
| Delmar 1.0
|
| Floratam 3.8
|
| Floratine 2.6
|
| Raleigh 0.7
|
| Seville 0.8
|
| Texas Common 2.4
|
| 1081 2.2
|
| LSD (.05) 0.88
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Rated 1-10, 10 = most disease.
|
| TABLE 12
|
| ______________________________________
|
| Comparative ratings of chinch bug tolerance(a) of 6-72-130 and
|
| other St. Augustine grasses.
|
| Selection/Variety
|
| Florida(b)
|
| California(c)
|
| ______________________________________
|
| 6-72-130 1.7 0.5
|
| 6-72-182 3.0 --
|
| Delmar 2.0 0.0
|
| Bitterblue 5.0 --
|
| Floratam 7.0 --
|
| Floratine 2.7 --
|
| Raleigh 6.3 --
|
| Seville 5.7 0.3
|
| Texas Common 4.7 2.0
|
| California Common
|
| -- 3.0
|
| ______________________________________
|
| (a) Rated 1-10, 10 = severe damage.
|
| (b) Test planted in the greenhouse at Apopka, Florida.
|
| (c) Test planted at the South Coast Field Station, University of
|
| California Riverside.
|
Meier, Virgil D., Riordan, Terrance P., Mixson, Wayne C.
| Patent |
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Assignee |
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| Date |
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n/a
| Date |
Maintenance Schedule |
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