Grapvine named Kat.E.Lin

Abstract

A new and distinct asexually reproduced grapevine variety, as illustrated and described, is vigorous and highly productive, ripens early before frost, withstands temperatures below -18°C, fruits in fairly large open bunches with large shoulders, the fruit being red to dark maroon/oxblood red with a heavy bloom and having one of the highest Brix or sugar test of any labrusca grape reported in the Grape and Wine Research Summary for 1984 published by the Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada. The plant is resistant to mildew and does not require thinning. The fruit has a long shelf life and has proven to be excellent for jam, jelly and sweet, dessert wine.

Description

The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of grapevine, named "Kat.E.Lin", which was discovered by us as a mutant of the Concord (Labrusca) variety, said discovery having occurred in our vineyard at Smithville, Ontario, Canada.

This new grape is characterized by early ripening fruit which matures well before frost in Ontario, Canada; by its ability to withstand temperatures below -18°C; by its large open bunches of fruit which are easily sprayed and mechanically harvested; by its fruit colour which is dark maroon red with a heavy bloom; by its large shouldered bunches; by its very high sugar content; and by its excellent rating for sweet dessert wine, jelly and table use.

THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a drawing of a leaf showing the various parts measured and angles calculated for the numerical comparison of leaf shapes as outlined in the detailed description of the foliage (reference: Cepages et Vignobles de France, Tome I - Les Vignes Americaines; Imprimerie Charles Dehan, Paris, 1988).

FIG. 2a is a tracing of the petiolar sinus of type leaves of Kat.E.Lin.

FIG. 2b is a tracing of the petiolar sinus of type leaves of Concord.

FIG. 3a is a tracing of the dentations of type leaves of Kat.E.Lin.

FIG. 3b is a tracing of the dentations of type leaves of Concord.

FIG. 4 is a photograph of the leaves of Kat.E.Lin and Concord to illustrate the range in leaf shape.

FIG. 5 is a photograph of the leaves of Kat.E.Lin and Concord to illustrate the colour and texture of both surfaces.

FIG. 6 is a photograph of leaves and canes of Kat.E.Lin and Concord to illustrate the differences in colour and dimension.

FIG. 7 is a photograph of the clusters of Kat.E.Lin and Concord to illustrate the range in shape and the differences in colour.

FIG. 8 is a photograph of the clusters of Kat.E.Lin and Concord to illustrate the differences in colour.

FIG. 9 is a photograph of the seeds of Kat.E.Lin and Concord to illustrate the differences in colour, size and shape.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present mutant was discovered in our own vineyard at Smithville, Ontario, Canada in the 1960 growin season among twenty-five acres of Concord grapes which had been planted in the year 1925. It took three years for the original vine to bear fruit. Cuttings were taken in the fall of 1960, planted in 1961 and bore fruit in 1964. Propagation was carried out by taking two or three node cuttings in February, bundling in 10's and burying upsidedown in the ground, covered by two inches of soil. Cuttings were replanted in a nursery row eight weeks later.

Comparison With A Standard (Concord) Grown at the Same Relative Location

All colour references are from The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Charts (The Royal Horticultural Society, London. copyright 1966), henceforth called R.H.S.C.C.

All foliage measurements and description are based on 10 leaves from the mid-section of a mature cane and foolow the ampelographic definitions of Galet (P. Galet, Cepages et Vignobles de France, Tome I - Les Vignes Americaines; Imprimerie Charles Dehan, Paris, 1988). See FIG. 1 for general terms of reference.

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KAT.E.LIN         CONCORD
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VINE:
General
large, vigorous   vigorous
1.5 kg/vine 1 yr wood
1.2 kg/vine
trained to 6-cane Kniffin
6-cane Kniffin
production 7-8 kg/vine
7-8 kg/vin
Bark - dark brown (RHSCC 200A)
dark brown (RHSCC 200A)
CANES:
Colour
light Almond Shell
light Squirrel,
(RHSCC 165A,B)    Hazelnut Brown (RHSCC
166A,B,C)
Size (See Figure 6)
width at node
12 mm             10 mm
width at internode
9 mm              7 mm
Size
length of internode
12 cm             10 cm
average can length
2.5-3 m           2-2.5 m
Fruitfulness position
clusters on each shoot
after node 1 from
after node 1 from base
from the base
3-4 clusters/shoot
2-3 clusters/shoot
rarely 4
TENDRILS:
Length
11-13 cm          11-13 cm
Thickness
5-6 mm            5-6 mm
Colour
same brown as the same brown as the
mature cane (RHSCC 165A,B)
mature cane (RHSCC 166A,B,C)
FOLIAGE:
Hairiness (See Figure 5)
Upper surface
smooth, glabrous  smooth, glabrous
Lower surface
dense matted felty
dense matted felty
white/grey        rufous
Mature leaf (See Figure 4)
Shape
cuneo-truncate    cuneiform
(length=width)    (length>width)
(σ = 98.6°)
(σ = 84.4°)
Size
generally large   medium-large
(>400 cm2)   (>300 cm2)
Lobes
generally two shallow
generally entire
superior lobes    (SS = SI > 0.85)
(SS > 0.7 < 0.8, SI > 0.9)
Petiolar sinus (see Fig. 2A,B)
non-parallel, acute
non-parallel,
V-shaped (Σ = 153°)
flattened (Σ = 132°)
Surface
smooth, slightly bullate
smooth, slightly bullate
Contour
flat              slightly convex
Teeth (see Fig. 3A,B)
coarse, pointed to
pointed, shallow,
slightly concave with
tip of vein beyond
vein extension beyond
the lamina green
the lamine red
uneven size but generally
regular, average size
wide (length/width:0.3-0.5)
(length/width:0.5-0.7)
Colour (See Fig. 4,5)
dark yellow green dark green
RHSCC 137A,B with veins
RHSCC 139 A,B with
contrasting at RHSCC
veins contrasting at
151A,B            RHSCC 139D
FLOWERS:
Bloom
June 18-20        June 18-20
Position
nodes 2-8 on 1 yr cane
nodes 2-8
3-4 bunches/shoot 2-3 bunches/shoot
Quality
hermaphroditic    hermaphroditic
self fertile      self fertile
FRUIT:
Peduncle
medium 3-4 mm diameter
medium to heavy
4-5 mm in diameter
bright green (RHSCC 144A,B)
green (RHSCC 136B,C)
Cluster
Size (See Fig. 8)
small to medium   small to medium
14-18 cm          12-16 cm
Shape (See Fig. 7)
winged with shoulder
winged with shoulder
occasionally equal to half
occasionally equal to
length of main cluster
1/3 to 1/2 length of
main cluster
2ry, 3ry clusters usually
2ry, 3ry clusters usually
conical           conical
Weight
125-250 g         125-250 g
Density
loose             full but not tight
Berries
Size
medium            medium
16 mm diameter    17 mm diameter
Weight
medium            medium
2.7 g             3.4 g
Shape (See Figure 7,8)
round to oblate   round to oblate
Flesh texture
non-adherent slipskin
non-adherent slipskin
firmer than Concord
typical of slipskin
gelatinous, green gelatinous, pale green
seeds separate relatively
seeds separate with
easily from flesh difficulty
Flesh Quality
21.8°Brix Sept. 27, 1988
18.5°Brix/1988
20.8°Brix Oct. 4, 1989
16.2°Brix/1989
19.0°Brix Sept. 30, 1990
15.5°Brix/1990
Skin
firm but edible   tough
Brush
white             white
medium 3-4 mm     short 2-3 mm
Attachment
does not shatter  tends to shatter
easily at maturity
after full maturity
detaches with a wet
detaches roughly,
scar but usually with
often leaving torn
the skin intact   skin and always a wet
scar
Flavour/Bouquet
mildly foxy, pleasant
strong but pleasant
mildly aromatic   intensely aromatic,
pungent (used as type
specimen for labrusca
flavour/aroma)
Colour (See Figure 7,8)
Oxblood/maroon    blue black
RHSCC 187A,B      RHSCC 103A
heavy waxy bloom  heavy waxy bloom
Maturity
September 25-Oct. 2
September 30-Oct. 7
SEEDS:
Size
7 × 4 mm    6 × 4 mm
Frequency
2-3/berry         4/berry
Shape
elongated, gently tapering
stocky, bulky
Surface markings (See Figure 9)
ventral
beige with yellow brown
beige with grey brown
perimeter not distinct
perimeter quite
distinct
distinct raised keel
keel not so
prominent, almost
flattened
Surface markings
dorsal
yellow brown (RHSCC 199A)
grey brown (RHSCC 197A)
gently rounded shoulders
heavy rounded
no distinct dorsal groove
shoulders, club
shaped with distinct
dorsal groove
gradual tapering to beak
distinct neck to beak
dark red/brown at basal
beak uniformly
tip of beak (RHSCC 200B)
coloured
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The new mutant is vigorous and productive and ripens well before frost. Fruiting wood withstands temperatures below -18°C It produces fairly large open bunches with large shoulders. The fruit is red to dark maroon/oxblood red. It has high dissolved solids (Brix readings), exceeding those of many varieties noted in the Grape and Wine Research Summary for the year 1984, published by the Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario, Vineland Station, Ontario. The plant is resistant to mildew and does not require thinning to attain commercially acceptable berry size or fruit quality. The fruit has a long shelf life and has proven an excellent product for jam, jelly and sweet dessert wine.

Claims

1. A new and distinct variety of grapevine, substantially as herein shown and described, characterized by excellent vigor and producitvity, early ripening, hardiness to below -18°C temperatures, mildew resistant, long shelf life and high sugar content.