Strawberry plant Nama

Abstract

A new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria L.) called "Nama" is disclosed. The variety is a cross between "Chandler" and "232", which results in a variety that flowers several months earlier than most other known strawberry varieties.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria L.) called "Nama". The variety was developed from an organized scientifically designated breeding program carried out at the Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. The variety is the product of selection of seedlings resulting from crosses between the strawberry varieties "Chandler" and "232". The variety was asexually vegetatively propagated through runners and the reproduction ran true.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The new variety "Nama" is able to grow in September and produce fruit starting in November and lasting until summer. The production of fruit beginning in November is two months earlier than classical short-day strawberry varieties and within a similar time frame of strawberry varieties "Shalom" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,876), "Smadar" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,865), "Saaid" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 870), "Dorit" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,869) "Sharon" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,881). The fruit of the "Nama" variety is characterized by good taste, good shape and size as well as a long shelf life.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1. -- Photograph of the "Nama" variety illustrating the fruit.

FIG. 2. -- Photograph of the "Nama" variety illustrating a cross-section of the fruit.

FIG. 3. -- Photograph of the "Nama" variety illustrating the entire plant with foliage, flowers and fruit.

DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The "Nama" variety was grown in winter under polyethylene tunnels in Israel. "Nama" is an infra short-day strawberry variety. Infra short-day varieties are induced to initiate flower bud primordia in response to relatively long light regimes (but under short-day conditions) and are relatively insensitive to night temperatures. Flowering and fruit production is not affected by the use of polyethylene wind tunnels. This production procedure is utilized in normal agricultural practices by the skilled artisan and does not involve temperature or light control. Mother plants were stored at 0°C from January through April. They were then planted in the nursery without further treatment. Runners with plantlets were produced during summer. These young plantlets were collected from the nursery in September and transferred to raised beds. Average temperatures at that time of the year are 30°C during the day and 22°C at night. Water and fertilizers were applied through drip irrigation. An example of an optimum planting date is between September 5 and 15 with the approximate date of flowering on October 15 and the approximate date of first fruiting on November 15. "Nama" flowering is not induced by chilling, but by natural exposure to shortening day length. Color readings described herein were taken under natural light conditions and color identifications were made by reference to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHSCC) except where common terms of color definition are employed.

The pertinent characteristics of the present invention are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. Additionally, the variety "Nama" (1) has no tendency toward fruit malformation; (2) disease resistance appears normal in that no particular problematic conditions arose during trials; and (3) the type of bearing is not remontant (e.g., "Nama" blooms perpetuously, during late fall and winter).

The fruit is longer than broad, with first order and second order fruit possessing different shapes (Table 2). The fruit is firm with an orange-red color (Table 2).

The variety "Nama" flowers several months earlier than known strawbery varieties. One of the closest nown varieties is "Karina" (Table 1), and the new varieties mentioned supra; e.g., U.S. Plant Pat. Nos. 7,881 ("Sharon"), 7,876 ("Shalom"), 7,865 ("Smadar"), 7,870 ("Saaid") and 7,869 ("Dorit"). Additionally, early flowering results in early fruit production for "Nama" and the two varieties, "Virginia", subject of U.S. Plant Patent Application Ser. No. 07/823,802 filed Jan. 22, 1992; and "Ofra", subject of U.S. Plant Patent Application Ser. No. 07/823,638 filed Jan. 22, 1992. Total Soluble Solids (TSS), marketable appearance, fruit color, sepal appearance, firmness, pressure defects and general health are presented in Table 3 by comparison to the co-pending varieties as well as the short-day variety, "Douglas" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,487).

TABLE 1
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PLANT CHARACTERISTICS OF "NAMA"
MORPHOLOGICAL              COMPARABLE
TRAIT        DESCRIPTIONa
VARIETYb
______________________________________
Classification
Botanical-
Fragaria L.
Plant habit  Globose       "Sengana"
Plant density
Medium        "Gorella"
Plant vigor  Strong        "Grande"
Leaf:
a) Length    110-160 mm
b) Width     105-125 mm
c) Color     Medium Green
1) Upper Side:
Medium Green
d) Blistering
Medium
e) Cross-section
Slightly Convex
f) # of leaflets
Sometimes >3
Terminal leaflet
a) Length/Width
Longer than broad
ratio
b) Shape of base
Obtuse
c) Shape of teeth
Obtuse
d) Length    50-65 mm
e) Width     45-60 mm
Flower
a) Size      Large
b) Size of calyx to
Similar
corolla
c) Size of inner calyx
Larger
versus outer calyx
d) Spacing of petals
Overlapping
e) Diameter
1) First order
32 mm
2) Second order
25 mm
f) Petal length/width
Nearly as broad
as long
1) length    10-12 mm
2) width     10-14 mm
g) Time of flowering
Early         "Karina"c
Petiole
a) Pose of hairs
Outwards
b) Length    45-90 mm
Infloresence
a) Position relative
Above
to foliage
Fruiting truss:
Prostrate
Attitude
______________________________________
a The description of "Nama" is based on the test guidelines for
Fragaria L. of the International Union for the Protection of New Plant
Varieties, (UPOV).
b Only characteristics which are relevant for comparing varieties ar
listed. For example, there are no varietal differences acknowledged in th
characteristics "color of lower side of leaf".
c "Nama" flowers at the end of October. One of the earliest known
varieties for comparison is "Karina", which flowers in January.
Additionally, "Nama" flowers within approximately the same time range as
strawberry varieties "Shalom" (U.S. Plant Pat. 7876), "Smadar" (U.S. Plan
Pat. 7865), "Saaid" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7820), "Dorit" (U.S. Plant Pat.
No. 7869), "Sharon" (U.S. Plant Pat. 7881), as well as "Virginia" and
"Ofra", described in U.S. Plant Pat. Application Ser. No. 07/823,802,
filed Jan. 22, 1992, and U.S. Plant Pat. Application Ser. No. 07/823,638,
filed Jan. 22, 1992, respectively.

TABLE 2
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FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF "NAMA"
CHARACTERISTICS      DESCRIPTION
______________________________________
Time of ripening     Early
Ratio of length/maximum width
Longer than broad
Size                 Large
First Order
a) Predominant Shape Wedged
b) Length            40-50 mm
c) Width             36-40 mm
d) Thickness         25-32 mm
e) Weight            21 g
Second Order
a) Predominant Shape Conical
b) Length            40-50 mm
c) Width             29-34 mm
d) Thickness         25-32 mm
e) Weight            19 g
Difference in shape between first
Marked
order and second order fruit
Band without achenes Narrow
Unevenness of surface
Absent or very weak
Color                Orange-red
Evenness of color    Even
Glossiness           Strong
Insertion of achenes Below surface
Insertion of calyx   At level
Pose of calyx segments
Clasping or free
Size of calyx in relation to
Larger
fruit diameter
Adherence of calyx   Strong
Firmness             Firm
Color of flesh       Orange-red
Evenness of flesh color
Slightly uneven
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TABLE 3
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COMPARATIVE SHELF-LIFE AND FLAVOR OF "NAMA"
Mar-
Percentage             Se-         ket-
Pres-
Firmnessa
pal         able
sure        New-  ap-  Fruit
ap-   Sugar
Vari-        de-    Vis- ton   pear-
co-  pear- content
ety  Health  fects  ual  units anceb
lorc
anced
T.S.S.e
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First test:
at harvest date
Na-  100      0       5  3.7   5    3.5  4.0   8.0
ma
Vir- 100      0       5  4.2   5    3.5  4.0   8.5
giniaf
Ofrag
100      0       5  6.0   5    4.0  4.5   9.6
Douglash
100       0       5    3.7   5    4.5  4.0   6.5
Second test:
After 3 days of storage at 2°C
Na-  78      22     3.5  3.0   4    4.0  3.7
ma
Vir- 80      20     3.5  3.5   4    4.2  3.8
ginia
Ofra 92       8     4.0  6.0   4    4.2  4.4
Douglas
76       24     3.7    3.5   4    5.0  3.7
Third test:
after 3 days storage at 2°C plus
2 additional days at simulated shelf temperature of 18°C
Na-  44      56     3.0  3.0   3.0  4.5  3.0
ma
Vir- 50      50     3.0  2.8   3.0  4.5  3.2
ginia
Ofra 55      45     3.5  5.5   3.2  4.5  3.5
Douglas
45       55     3.0    3.0   3.2  5.0  3.2
______________________________________
INDEX:
a 5hard 1soft
b 5green, fresh like, 1dry, brown
c 5dark red, 1green, pink
d 5prime 1not marketable
e Total Soluble Solids (T.S.S.) expresses fruit sweetness and was
determined with a refractometer
f U.S. Plant Pat. Application Ser. No. 07/823,802 January 22, 1992
g U.S. Plant Pat. Application Ser. No. 07/823,638, January 22, 1992
h U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,487

Claims

1. A new distinct variety of strawberry plant substantially as illustrated and described and distinguished as being able to grow in September and produce fruit starting in November and lasting until summer, with fruit having a good taste and shape and a long shelf life.