N-arylcarbamic acid esters

Abstract

New N-arylcarbamic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R is lower aliphatic hydrocarbyl, optionally substituted,

R¹, R² and R³, which may be identical or different, are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl or halogen,

R⁴ is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, acylalkyl (i.e., alkanoyloxyalkyl), alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkenyl, or an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl or arylthioalkyl radical, or the grouping ##STR2## wherein R⁴' is hydrogen or is defined as R⁴ is defined above, and

Y and Y' are oxygen or sulfur,

are outstandingly effective in regulating the growth of plants, i.e., to inhibit, stimulate or alter the growth of plants.

Description

The present invention relates to certain new N-arylcarbamic acid esters, to their use as plant-growth-regulating agents, and to plant-growth-regulating compositions containing them.

It has already been disclosed that maleic acid hydrazide can be used for keeping down plant growth and for suppressing undesired side shoots in tobacco or in tomatoes. However, its inhibiting action is not always entirely satisfactory if low amounts and concentrations are used. Equally, its toleration by plants is not always good, especially at high concentrations (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,575,954; 2,614,916 and 2,805,926; British Pat. Specification No. 672,596; and W. H. Andrew and S. R. Andrew, Can. I. Biol. 31,426 (1953)).

The present invention provides, as new compounds, N-arylcarbamic acid ester compounds of the general formula ##STR3## in which R is lower aliphatic hydrocarbyl by which is meant a hydrocarbon radical containing up to about 10 carbon atoms, e.g., open-chain aliphatic, which can be saturated or olefinically or acetylenically unsaturated, or cycloaliphatic, and lower aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituted with hydroxy, halogen, alkoxy, or aryl, wherein the alkoxy or aryl are also lower, i.e, contain up to about 10 carbon atoms; more specifically

R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxyalkyl or aralkyl that may be substituted in the aryl part,

R¹, R² and R³, which may be identical or different, are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl or halogen,

R⁴ is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, acylalkyl (i.e., alkanoyloxyalkyl), alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkenyl, or an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl or arylthioalkyl radical, or the grouping ##STR4## wherein R⁴' is hydrogen or is defined as R⁴ is defined above and

Y and Y' are oxygen or sulfur.

In formula (I) it is preferred that R should be straight-chain or branched alkyl with one to four carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkenyl with three to six carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkynyl with three to six carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with five to eight carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl with two to four carbon atoms, hydroxyalkenyl or hydroxyalkynyl with, in either case, three to six carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl with one to four carbon atoms in the alkoxy part and two to four carbon atoms in the alkyl part, haloalkyl with one to four carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms (especially fluorine and chlorine), haloalkenyl or haloalkynyl with, in either case, three to six carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms (especially chlorine) or aralkyl with one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl part and six to ten carbon atoms in the aryl part, this aryl part optionally carrying one or more substituents, preferably selected from halogen (especially fluorine, chlorine or bromine), branched or straight-chain alkyl with one to four carbon atoms, haloalkyl with one to four carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms, alkoxy with up to four carbon atoms and nitro;

that R¹, R² and R³, which may be alike or different, should each be hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, straightchain or branched alkyl with one to four carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with five to seven carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkoxy with one to four carbon atoms, haloalkyl with one or two carbon atoms and two to five halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine);

and that R⁴ should be straight-chain or branched alkyl with one to six carbon atoms or haloalkyl with one to six carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), straight-chain or branched alkenyl with three to six carbon atoms or haloalkenyl with three to six carbon atoms and one to four halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), straight-chain or branched alkynyl with three to six carbon atoms or haloalkynyl with three to six carbon atoms and one to four halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or acylalkyl or alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkenyl with one to four carbon atoms in the alkoxy or alkythio or acyl (i.e., alkanoyl) part and one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl part, optionally substituted cycloalkyl with three to eight carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl part, aryl with six to ten 10 carbon atoms, or aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl or arylthioalkyl with, in each case, six to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl part and one to three carbon atoms in the alkyl part, the aryl part of the four last-mentioned radicals optionally carrying one or more substituents selected from halogen (preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine), straightchain or branched alkyl or alkoxy with, in either case, one to three carbon atoms and haloalkyl with one or two carbon atoms and one to five halogen atoms (especially fluorine or chlorine), or the grouping R⁴' --CY'--, where Y' is oxygen or sulphur and R⁴' is hydrogen or is defined as R⁴ has just been defined above.

The compounds of the formula (I) have been found to possess very good plant-growth-influencing properties. Surprisingly, the N-arylcarbamic acid esters according to the invention show a considerably greater inhibiting action on plant growth and far greater toleration by plants than maleic acid hydrazide, which is known from the state of the art and which is the nearest active substance of the same type of action. The compounds according to the invention hence represent a valuable enrichment of the art.

The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of an N-arylcarbamic acid ester of the formula (I) in which an N-chloromethyl-N-arylcarbamic acid ester of the general formula ##STR5## in which

R, R¹, R² and R³ have the meanings stated above, is reacted (a) with a compound of the general formula

H--Y--R⁴ (III)

in which

R⁴ and Y have the meanings stated above, in the presence of an acid-binding agent and optionally in the presence of a solvent, or (b) with a compound of the general formula

A--Y--R⁴ (IV)

in which

R⁴ and Y have the meanings stated above, and

A is a cation or a fraction of a cation, such as an ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation,

in the presence of a solvent.

If Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate and n-propylmercaptan are used as starting materials according to process variant (a), the reaction is represented by the following equation: ##STR6##

If Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate and sodium acetate are used as the starting materials according to process variant (b), the course of the reaction can be represented by the following equation: ##STR7##

As examples of the N-chloromethyl-N-aryl carbamates (II) that can be used according to the invention, there may be mentioned: Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-phenyl carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-phenylcarbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 4-Chloro-2-butynyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 3-Butynyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, Methyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-carbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2-methyl-5-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2-methyl-5-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, 2-Chloroethyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-methylphenyl)-carbamate and Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-carbamate.

The N-chloromethyl-N-aryl carbamates of the formula (II) used as starting materials have not hitherto been described in the literature, but can be prepared by a process, which does not form part of the state of the art, that comprises reacting carbamic acid esters with paraformaldehyde in the presence of thionyl chloride in an inert solvent at temperatures between +10°C and +120°C This process is the subject of a separate patent application.

Preferably, in formula (IV), A is ammonium, dialkylammonium or trialkylammonium with one to four carbon atoms in each alkyl moiety (which may be straight-cahin or branched), a sodium ion or a potassium ion, or represents half of a magnesium ion or of a calcium ion.

As examples of the alcohols, mercaptans, phenols, thiophenols, carboxylic acids and thiocarboxylic acids (III) and their salts (IV) that can be used according to the invention, there may be mentioned: methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert.-butanol, allyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol, 3-methylbutynol-(3), butenol-(3); 2-chloroethanol, 4-chloro-2-butynol, cyclohexanol, glycol monomethyl ether, benzyl alcohol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, methylmercaptan, ethylmercaptan, propylmercaptan, isopropylmercaptan, allylmercaptan, benzylmercaptan, 4-chlorothiophenol, sodium formate, sodium acetate, sodium monochloroacetate, sodium dichloroacetate, sodium 2,2-dichloropropionate, sodium phenylacetate, sodium benzoate, potassium acetate, sodium thioacetate, sodium butyrate, sodium valerate, sodium propionate, sodium isobutyrate, sodium trifluoroacetate, sodium laevuleate, sodium cretonate, sodium salt of succinic acid monoester, sodium salt of maleic acid monoester and sodium salt of fumaric acid mono ester.

The alcohols, mercaptans, phenols, thiophenols, carboxylic acids and thiocarboxylic acids as well as their salts, which correspond to the formulae (III) and (IV) are used as starting substances, are known.

As a diluent in the reaction according to the process variant (a) there may be used any inert organic solvent, especially a hydrocarbon, such as benzine, benzene or toluene, a halogenated hydrocarbon, such as dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, or an ether, such as diethyl ether, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran.

Any customary acid-binder can be used as the acid-binding agent, but it is preferred to use an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal carbonate or atertiary organic base: sodium carbonate, triethylamine and pyridine are particularly suitable.

The reaction temperatures in process variant (a) can be varied over a fairly wide range. In general, the reaction is carried out at from -20°C to +100°C, preferably from -10°C to +80°C

In carrying out process variant (a), 1 to 1.5 moles of the compound of the formula (III) and 1 to 2 moles of an acid-binding agent are preferably used per mole of N-chloromethyl N-arylcarbamic acid ester of the formula (II). A further excess over the stoichiometric amounts does not result in any significant improvement in yield.

In order to isolate the compounds of the formula (I), the hydrochloride or chloride produced is removed by filtering it and then thoroughly rinsing the reaction solution with water; the solution is dried over freshly calcined sodium sulphate and subsequently distilled. The compounds of the formula (I) are mostly water-clear liquids that can easily be distilled. In some cases, however, oils that cannot be distilled are obtained.

As a diluent for the reaction according to process variant (b), there may be used any polar organic solvent, preferably a nitrile, such as acetonitrile and tolunitrile, a sulphoxide, such as dimethylsulphoxide, or an amide, such as dimethylformamide.

The reaction temperatures for process variant (b) can be varied over a fairly wide range. In general, the reaction is carried out at from 0°C to 150°C, preferably from 20°C to 100°C

In carrying out process variant (b), 1 mole of the compound of the formula (IV) is generally employed per mole of the compound of the formula (II).

In order to isolate the compound of the formula (I), the chloride produced is filtered off, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is taken up in an organic solvent. After brief shaking with water, the organic phase is dried and thereafter the solvent is distilled off in vacuo. The product thus obtained is in many cases pure but can be further purified by distillation, if necessary.

The preparation of compounds of this invention and the process employed is illustrated in and by the following preparative Examples.

EXAMPLE 1

PAC Preparation of Isopropyl-N-methoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate ##STR8##

A mixture of 23.9 g (0.746mole) of methanol and 37.8 g (0.373 mole) of triethylamine in 95 ml of anhydrous benzene was slowly added dropwise, whilst stirring, to a solution of 84.9 g (0.373 mole) of N-Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-phenyl carbamate in 200 ml of anhydrous benzene at 20°C The exothermic reaction was kept to 20°C by means of an ice bath. Thereafter, the triethylamine hydrochloride was filtered off and the benzene solution was washed with water and dried over freshly calcined sodium sulphate. The isopropyl-N-methoxymethyl-N-phenylcarbamate thus obtained was purified by distillation; 74.9 g (90% of theory) of boiling point 97°-98°C/0.45 mm Hg were obtained.

EXAMPLE 2

PAC Preparation of Isopropyl-N-propylmercaptomethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate ##STR9##

A mixture of 15.2 g (0.2 mole) of n-propylmercaptan and 24.2 g (0.24 mole) of triethylamine in 160 ml of anhydrous benzene was added dropwise, whilst stirring, to a solution of 52.4 g (0.2 mole) of Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate in 200 ml of anhydrous benzene at 20°C The temperature was kept at 20° C. Thereafter, the mixture was heated for one hour under reflux. After cooling, the triethylamine hydrochloride produced was filtered off and the resulting benzene solution was washed with water and dried over freshly calcined sodium sulphate. After distilling off the solvent, an oil remained, which was distilled in vacuo. 51.9 g (86% of theory) of Isopropyl-N-propylmercaptomethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate of boiling point 158°C/1 mm Hg were obtained.

EXAMPLE 3

PAC Preparation of Methyl-N-(2,4-dichlorophenoxymethyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-carbamate ##STR10##

A solution of 16.3 g (0.1 mole) of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 14 ml (0.1 mole) of triethylamine in 100 ml of benzene was added dropwise, over the course of 15 minutes, to a solution of 23.4 g (0.1 mole) of Methyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-carbamate in 200 ml of dry benzene. Thereafter the triethylamine hydrochloride was filtered off, the filtrate was washed with 5% strength sodium hydroxide solution and water, and after drying over calcined sodium sulphate the benzene was distilled off under reduced pressure. 52.4 g (92% of theory) of Methyl-N-(2,4-dichlorophenoxymethyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-carbamate, melting at 79°-80°C after recrystallization from ethanol, were obtained.

EXAMPLE 4

PAC Preparation of Isopropyl-N-acetoxymethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate ##STR11##

A mixture of 52.4 g (0.2 mole) of Isopropyl-N-chloromethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate and 24.6 g (0.3 mole) of anhydrous sodium acetate in 700 ml of anhydrous acetonitrile was boiled for four hours under reflux. After cooling, the salts were filtered off, the filtrate was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in 300 ml of ether and the ether solution was washed with water and dried over freshly calcined sodium sulfate. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off and the resulting oil was distilled in vacuo. 34.2 g (95% of theory) of Isopropyl-N-acetoxymethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate of boiling point 134°C/0.3 mm Hg and refractive index n_D²0 1.5074 were obtained.

The following compounds may be prepared by methods analogous to those given in the foregoing Examples.

TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR12##
Melting Point. °C.
Compound                                   Boiling point. °C./mm
Hg
No.    R     R1
R2
R3
Y R4
Compound Name Refractive index
__________________________________________________________________________
nD20
1      CH3
H  H  H O CH3
Methyl-N-methoxymethyl-N-
86-87/0.3
phenyl carbamate
2      CH3
H  H  H O C2 H5
Methyl-N-ethoxymethyl-N-
104/0.35
phenyl carbamate
3      CH3
H  H  H O (CH3)2 CH
Methyl-N-isopropyoxymethyl-
79-81/0.15
N-phenyl carbamate
4      CH3
H  H  H O C4 H9
Methyl-N-n-butoxymethyl-N-
93-94/0.15
phenyl carbamate
5      (CH3)2 CH
H  H  H O CH3
Isopropyl-N-methoxymethyl-
98/0.4
N-phenyl carbamate
6      (CH3)2 CH
H  H  H O C2 H3
Isopropyl-N-ethoxyethyl-N-
92/0.3
phenyl carbamate
7      (CH3)2 CH
H  H  H O C3 H7
Isopropyl-N-n-propoxymethyl-
128-130/0.8
N-phenyl carbamate
8      (CH3)2 CH
H  H  H O (CH3)2 CH
Isopropyl-N-isopropoxymeth-
94/0.2
yl-N-phenyl carbamate
9      (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl
H  H O CH3
Isopropyl-N-methoxymethyl-
110/0.2
N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate
__________________________________________________________________________
Compounds 10 to 43 hereinbelow have not been named for the sake of
brevity. inasmuch as the nomenclature is analogous to that given above.

Melting point °C.
Compound                            Boiling pont. °C./mm Hg
No.    R     R1
R2
R3
Y R4   Refractive index nD20
__________________________________________________________________________
10     (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H  H  O C2 H5
131-133/0.5
11     (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H  H  O C3 H7
139-141/0.5
12     (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H  H  O (CH3)2 CH
133-135/0.5
13     (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H  H  O C4 H9
146-148/0.5
14     (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H  H  O CHCCH2
135-140/0.3
15     (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H  H  O (C2 H3)(CH3)CH
135-137/0.4
16     (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H  H  O (CH3)3 C
130-132/0.3
17     (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H  H  O CH2CHC(CH 3)2
139-141/0.3
18     (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H  H  O HCCC(CH3)
140-145/0.4
--
19     ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H  H  O CH3  1.5380
20     ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H  H  O C2 H5
1.5325
21     ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H  H  O C3 H7
1.5276
22     ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H  H  O (CH3)2 CH
1.5282
23     ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H  H  O C4 H9
1.5239
24     ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H  H  O (C2 H3)(CH3)CH
1.5274
25     ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H  H  S C3 H7
1.5548
26     ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H  H  S C4 H9
1.5496
27     CH3
3-Cl H  H  O CH3  96-98/0.25
28     CH3
3-Cl H  H  O (CH3)2 CH
96-97/0.15
29     CH3
3-Cl H  H  O C4 H9
125-126/0.5
30     CH3
H    4-Cl
H  O CH3  113/0.4
31     CH3
H    4-Cl
H  O (CH3)2 CH
111/0.25
32     CH3
H    4-Cl
H  O C4 H9
118-119/0.25
33     CH3
3-Cl 4-Cl
H  O CH3  154-155/1.5
34     CH3
3-Cl 4-Cl
H  O C2 H5
136/0.35
35     CH3
3-Cl 4-Cl
H  O (CH3)2 CH
122-123/0.25
36     CH3
3-Cl 4-Cl
H  O C4 H9
166-167/1.3
37     CH3
H    H  H  O 2,4-Cl 2C3 H2
72-72.5
38     CH3
H    H  H  S C4 H9
124-126/0.65
39     CH3
H    H  H  S 4-ClC4 H9
171-175/0.15
40     (CH3)2 CH
2-CH3
H  5-Cl
O CH3  132/0.6
41     (CH3)2 CH
2-CH3
H  5-Cl
O C2 H5
130/0.2
42     (CH3)2 CH
2-CH3 O
H  5-Cl
O CH3  138/0.2
43     (CH3)2 CH
2-CH3 O
H  5-Cl
O C2 H5
138/0.3
__________________________________________________________________________

TABLE 2
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR13##
__________________________________________________________________________
Comp-                                      Melting point. °C.
pound                       Compound       Boiling point °C./mm
Hg
No. R     R1
R2
R3
Y R4  Name           Refractive index
__________________________________________________________________________
nD20
44  (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O (CH3)2 CH
Isopropyl-N-2-methyl
122/0.3
propanoyl-oxymethyl-N-
phenyl carbamate
45  (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O (CH3)3 C
Isopropyl-2,2-dimethyl
138/0.7
propanoyl-N-oxymethyl-N-
phenyl carbamate
46  (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O C6 H3CH2
Isopropyl-N-2-phenyl-
179-180/0.5
acetoxymethyl-N-phenyl
carbamate
47  (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O C6 H3
Isopropyl-N-benzoyloxy-
64-65
methyl-N-phenyl carbamate
48  (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O H        Isopropyl-N-2-formyloxy-
117/0.35
methyl-N-phenyl carbamate
49  (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O CH3 Isopropyl-N-acetoxymethyl-
118/0.4
N-phenyl carbamate
50  (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O C2 H3
Isopropyl-N-n-propanoyl-
119/0.2
oxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate
51  (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl
H H O C2 H3
Isopropyl)-N-n-propanoyl-
138/0.4
oxymethyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
52  (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl
H H O C3 H7
Isopropyl-N-n-butanoyloxy-
150/0.4
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
53  (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl
H H O C4 H9
Isopropyl-N-n-pentanoyloxy-
155/0.4
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
54  (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl
H H O (C2 H5) (CH3)CH
Isopropyl-N-2-methylbutanoyl-
147/0.4
oxymethyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
__________________________________________________________________________
Melting point °C.
Compound                        Boiling point. °C./mm Hg
No.   R     R1
R2
R3
Y R4 Refractive index nD20
__________________________________________________________________________
55    (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H H  O (CH3)2 CH
142/0.5
56    (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H H  O (CH3)3 C
142/0.5
57    (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H H  O ClCH2
1.5184
58    (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H H  O Cl2 CH
1.5203
59    (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H H  O CCl3
1.5249
60    (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H H  O CH3 CCl2
1.5146
61    (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H H  O C6 H3
51
62    (CH3)2 CH
3-Cl H H  O C6 H3 CH2
1.5374
63    (CH3)2 CH
2-CH3 O
H 5-Cl
O CH3
1.5086
64    (CH3)2 CH
2-CH3
H 5-Cl
O CH3
1.5049
65    ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H H  O CH3
160/0.1
66    ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H H  O ClCH2
188/0.1
67    CH3
H    H H  S C2 H3
1.5848
68    ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H H  O 2,4-Cl 2C8 H3
82
69    ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H H  O C2 H3
190/1.2
70    ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl H H  O (CH3)2 CH
170/0.6
__________________________________________________________________________

TABLE 3
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR14##                                           (I)
Compound                          Compound      Boiling point,
No.   R         R1
R2
R3
Y R4  Name          °C./mm
__________________________________________________________________________
Hg
71
##STR15##
3-Cl
H H O CH3 3-Butin-2-yl-N-methoxy- methyl-N-3-chlor
ophenyl- carbamate
136-137/0.3
72
##STR16##
3-Cl
H H O C2 H5
3-Butin-2-yl-N-ethoxymethyl- N-3-chlorop
henyl carbamate
140-141/0.4
73
##STR17##
3-Cl
H H O n-C3 H7
3-Butin-2-yl-N-n-propoxy- methyl-N-3-chl
orophenyl carbamate
140-142/0.2
74
##STR18##
3-Cl
H H O (CH3)2 CH
3-Butin-2-yl-N-isopropoxy- methyl-N-3-ch
lorophenyl carbamate
142-143/0.5
75
##STR19##
3-Cl
H H O (CH3)2 CHCH2
3-Butin-2-yl-N-3-methyl- i-butoxymethyl-
N-3-chloro- phenyl carbamate
148-149/0.4
76    HCCC(CH3)2
3-Cl
H H O CH3 3-Butin-2-yl-N-methoxy-
132-134/0.1
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
77    HCCC(CH3)2
3-Cl
H H O (CH3)2 CH
3-Butin-2-yl-N-isopropoxy-
140-141/0.6
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
__________________________________________________________________________

TABLE 4
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR20##                                                  (V)
__________________________________________________________________________
Melting
point,
°C.
Boiling
point,
°C./mm
Hg
Refractive
Compound                                  Compound        index
No.   R         R1
R2
R3
Y R4       Name            nD20
__________________________________________________________________________
78    (CH3)2 CH
2-CH3 O
5-Cl
H O CH2 Cl   Isopropyl-N-chloroacetoxy-
72.5
methyl-N-(2-methoxy-5-chloro-
phenyl)carbamate
79    (CH3)2 CH
2-CH3 O
5-CL
H O CCl2 CH3
Isopropyl-N-(3,3-dichloro-n-
1.5167
propanoyloxymethyl)-N-2-
methoxy-5-chlorophenyl)
carbamate
80    (CH3)2 CHCH2
3-Cl H  H O CH3      Isobutyl-N-acetoxymethyl-N-
153/0.1
3-chlorophenyl carbamate
81    (CH3)2 CHCH2
3-Cl H  H O C2 H5
Isobutyl-N-n-propanoyloxy-
151/0.1
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
82    (CH3)2 CHCH2
3-Cl H  H O n-C3 H7
Isobutyl-N-n-butanoyloxy-
159/0.1
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate
83    (CH3)2 CHCH2
3-Cl H  H O cyclo-C3 H5
Isobutyl-N-cyclopropyl-
168/0.1
carbonyloxymethyl-N-3-
chlorophenyl carbamate
84    (CH3)2 CHCH2
3-Cl H  H O C(CH3)3
Isobutyl-N-(2,2-dimethyl-
161/0.1
propanoyloxymethyl)-N-3-
chlorophenyl carbamate
85
##STR21##
3-Cl H  H O CH3      1-Methylpropyl-1-N-acetoxy-
methyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamate       145/0.08
86
##STR22##
3-Cl H  H O C2 H5
1-Methylpropyl-1-N-n-propanoyl-
xymethyl-N-3-chlorophenyl
carbamic acid n-butyl-(2)
150/0.1
__________________________________________________________________________
Melting
point,
°C.
Boiling
point,
°C./mm Hg
Compound                              Refractive
No.   R         R1
R2
R3
Y R4      Index
nD20)
__________________________________________________________________________
87
##STR23##
3-Cl
H H O n-C3 H7
156/0.05
88
##STR24##
3-Cl
H H O n-C4 H9
160/0.1
89
##STR25##
3-Cl
H H O C(CH3)3
153/0.1
90    ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl
H H O
##STR26##   80-82
91    ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl
H H O C3 H7
168/0.6
92    ClCH2 CH2
3-Cl
H H O
##STR27##   92-93
93    (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O (C2 H5)2
134/0.3
94    (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O C3 H7
128/0.3
95    (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O
##STR28##   138/0.4
96    (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O ClCH2   139/0.3
97    (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O
##STR29##   1.4888
98    (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O C4 H9
1.4892
99    (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O (CH3)2 CHCH2
1.4868
100   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O
##STR30##   1.5060
101   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O
##STR31##   64.65
102   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O
##STR32##   1.5004
103
##STR33##
3-Cl
H H O CH3     153-155°/0.
2
104
##STR34##
3-Cl
H H O ClCH2   137-139/10-3
105
##STR35##
3-Cl
H H O C2 H5
155-156/0.2
106
##STR36##
3-Cl
H H O C3 H7
158-160/0.1
107
##STR37##
3-Cl
H H O (CH3)2 CH
154-155/0.2
108
##STR38##
3-Cl
H H O C4 H9
163-165/0.2
109   HCCC(CH3)2
3-Cl
H H O CH3     160-162/0.2
110   HCCC(CH3)2
3-Cl
H H O C2 H
162-163/0.1
111   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O CH3COCH2CH2
71-72
112   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O CH3(CH2)12
37-38
113   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O CH3(CH2)14
43-44
114   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O CH3CHCH 52-53
115   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O
##STR39##   1.4845
116   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O CH3(CH2)10
1.4829
117   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O ClCH2 CH2
142-144/0.4
118   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O Cl2 CH  162-163/0.7
119   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O CH3 OCOCH2CH2
39-41
120   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O
##STR40##   136/0.4
121   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O CH2CH(CH2)8
1.4899
122   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O CH2CH   161/2.5
123   (CH3 )2 CH
H  H H O
##STR41##   1.5331
124   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O CH3(CH2)16
35-37
125   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O
##STR42##   1.5414
126   (CH3)2 CH
H  H H O
##STR43##   99-100
__________________________________________________________________________

The active compounds according to the invention interfere with the physiologial phenomena of plant growth and can therefore be used as plant growth regulators.

The different effects of the active compounds essentially depend on the point in time at which they are used, relative to the stage of development of the seed or of the plant, and on the concentrations employed.

Plant-growth regulators are used for various purposes that are related to the state of development of the plant.

Thus, the seed dormancy can be broken by means of plantgrowth regulators in order to cause the seeds to germinate at a certain time that is desired, but at which the seed itself displays no readiness to germinate. Seed germination itself can be either inhibited or promoted by such active compounds depending on the concentration employed. This inhibition or promotion refers to the development of the seedling.

The bud dormancy of plants, that is to say the endogenic annual cycle, can be influenced by the active compounds, so that the plants, for example, shoot or blossom at a point in time at which they normally show no readiness to shoot or blossom.

It is also possible to delay the opening of buds, for example in order to prevent frost damage in areas subject to frost.

The shoot growth or root growth can be promoted or inhibited by the active compounds, depending on the concentration. Thus, it is possible, for example, very greatly to inhibit the growth of the fully formed plant or conversely to bring the plant altogether to a more robust habitus, or to bring about stunted growth.

The inhibition of growth at the edges of roads and paths is of economic interest. Furthermore, the frequency of cutting the grass (mowing) of lawns can be reduced. Equally, the growth of woodlands can be inhibited.

During the growth of the plant, the lateral branching can also be increased by chemically breaking the apical dominance. Interest in this exists, for example, in the propagation of plants by cuttings. Depending on the concentration, it is however also possible to inhibit the growth of side shoots, for example in order to prevent the formation of side shoots in tobacco plants after decapitation and thereby promote leaf growth.

Growth regulators can also be used to reduce the transpiration rate of plants in order to prevent damage through drying out.

In the case of influencing blossom formation, either a retardation of blossom formation or an acceleration of blossom formation can be achieved depending on the concentration and on the point in time at which the substance is used. Under certain circumstances it is also possible to increase the setting of blossoms, and these effects arise if the appropriate treatments are carried out at the time of normal blossom formation. Furthermore, the formation of predominantly female or predominantly male blossoms can be achieved.

Fruit setting can be promoted, so that more fruit or seedless fruit is formed (parthenocarpy). Under certain conditions, the premature fall of fruit can also be prevented, or the fall of fruit can, to a certain degree, be promoted in the sense of a chemical thinning-out. The promotion of the fall of fruit can, however, also be utilized by carrying out the treatment at harvest time, whereby harvesting is facilitated.

Increases in yield by means of growth regulators can be achieved both by promoting the setting of fruit and by the formation of larger fruit or by promotion of vegetative growth. Furthermore, it is possible to stimulate the synthesis or secretion of secondary vegetable constituents (for example the latex secretion of rubber trees).

Some of the active compounds according to the invention show herbicidal properties at higher concentrations. Furthermore, the active compounds according to the invention possess insecticidal, acaricidal and, in some cases, fungitoxic activity.

The active compounds according to the present invention can be converted into the usual formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes and granulates. These may be produced in known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is, liquid or solid or liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers, optionally with the use of surface-active agents, that is, emulsifying agents and/or dispersing agents. In the case of the use of water as an extender, organic solvents can, for example, also be used as auxiliary solvents (see Agricultural Chemicals, March 1960, pages 35 to 38).

As liquid diluents or carriers, there are preferably used aromatic hydrocarbons, such as xylenes, toluene, benzene or alkyl naphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol as well as their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, or strongly polar solvents, such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulphoxide or acetonitrile, as well as water.

By liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers are meant liquids which would be gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures, for example aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, for example freon.

As solid diluents or carriers, there are preferably used ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, or ground synthetic minerals, such as highly-dispersed silicic acid, alumina or silicates.

Preferred examples of emulsifying agents include non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene-fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene-fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylarylpolyglycol ethers, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates and aryl sulphonates; and preferred examples of dispersing agents include lignin, sulphite waste liquors and methyl cellulose.

The active compounds according to the invention can be present in the formulations as a mixture with other active substances.

The formulations, in general, contain from 0.1 to 95, preferably from 0.5 to 90, percent by weight of active compound.

The active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or in the form of the application forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes and granules. They may be employed in any customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomising, sprinkling or dusting.

The amount of active substance employed can vary over a fairly wide range; it depends essentially on the nature of the desired effect. In general, however, the amounts used are from 0.1 to 25 kg/hectare, preferably from 0.5 to 20 kg/hectare.

The present invention also provides a plant-growth-regulating composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the present invention in admixture with a solid or liquefied gaseous diluent or carrier or in admixture with a liquid diluent or carrier containing a surface-active agent.

The present invention also provides a method of regulating the growth of plants which comprises applying to the plants or a plant habitat a compound of the present invention alone or in the form of a composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the present invention in admixture with a diluent or carrier.

The plant-growth-regulating activity of the compounds of the present invention is illustrated in and by the following test Examples.

EXAMPLE A

PAC Growth inhibition in grass

Solvent: 10 parts by weight of methanol

Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of polyethylene-sorbitan monolaurate.

In order to prepare a suitable preparation of the active compound, 1 part by weight of the active compound was mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and made up to the desired concentration with water.

Grass plants 3 to 4 cm high were sprayed with the active-compound preparations until dripping wet. After 14 days, the additional growth was measured and the inhibition of growth in percent of the additional growth of the control plants was calculated. The damage was classified on a scale from 0 to 5, with "0" denoting no damage and "5" denoting the death of the plants.

The active compounds, active-compound concentrations and results can be seen from Table A below:

TABLE A
__________________________________________________________________________
Inhibition of growth in grass (Festuca pratensis)
Concen-
tration
Inhibition/
Active compound            (ppm) damage
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR44##                  2000 1000  500
70%/3 55%/2 55%/1
(known)
##STR45##                 2000 1000  500
--/5 --/5 30%/4
(known)
##STR46##                 2000 1000  500
100%/1 100%/1 40%/1
(Compound 9)
##STR47##                 1000  60%/1
(Compound 35)
##STR48##                 1000  60%/0
(Compound 36)
##STR49##                 1000  100%/2
(Compound 14)
##STR50##                 1000  60%/0
(Compound 16)
##STR51##                 1000  80%/1
(Compound 18)
##STR52##                  500  90%/0
(Example 4, supra)
##STR53##                  500  90%/1
(Compound 57)
##STR54##                  500  90%/2
(Compound 58)
__________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE B

PAC Inhibition of growth in cress seedlings

Solvent: 10 parts by weight of methanol

Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of polyethylene-sorbitan monolaurate.

In order to prepare a suitable preparation of the active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound was mixed with the indicated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and made up to the desired concentration with water.

50 cress seeds were placed on a filter paper onto which the active-compound preparation had been dripped. Since the cress seeds adhere to moist filter paper the latter was placed vertically in a beaker of 250 ml capacity. The beaker was filled with 20 ml of active-compound preparation and was covered with a glass plate. After 4 days the seedlings were measured and the percentage inhibition of elongation growth was calculated, relative to the control (distilled water with the appropriate amounts of solvent and emulsifier).

The active compounds, active-compound concentrations and results are shown in Table B below:

TABLE B
______________________________________
Inhibition of growth in cress seedlings
Concen-
tration
Active compound        (ppm)    Inhibition
______________________________________
##STR55##             200      35%
(known)
##STR56##             200      40%
(known)
##STR57##             200      55%
(Compound 9)
##STR58##             200      70%
(Compound 14)
##STR59##             200      50%
(Compound 16)
##STR60##             200      70%
(Compound 18)
##STR61##             200      80%
(Example 4)
##STR62##             200      80%
(Compound 57)
##STR63##             200      80%
(Compound 58)
______________________________________

It will be understood that the specification and examples are illustrative but not limitative of the present invention and that other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. N-arylcarbamate of the formula: ##STR64## wherein R is alkyl of from one to four carbon atoms;

alkenyl of from three to six carbon atoms; alkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms; cycloalkyl of from five to eight carbon atoms; hydroxyalkyl of from two to four carbon atoms; hydroxyalkenyl or hydroxyalkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms; alkoxyalkyl of from one to four carbon atoms in the alkoxy moiety and two to four carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety; chloro alkyl of from one to four carbon atoms and one to three chlorine atoms; chloroalkenyl or chloroalkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms and one to three chlorine atoms; or aralkyl of from one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety and six to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl moiety wherein the aryl moiety may carry at least one of fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, alkyl of from one to four carbon atoms, chloroalkyl of from one to four carbon atoms and one to three chlorine atoms, alkoxy of from up to 4 carbon atoms and nitro;

R¹, R² and R³ are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl of from one to four carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of from five to seven carbon atoms, alkoxy of from one to four carbon atoms, chloroalkyl of from one or two carbon atoms and two to five chlorine atoms;

R⁴ is the grouping ##STR65## wherein R⁴' is hydrogen, alkyl of from one to 17 carbon atoms; alkenyl of from three to 10 carbon atoms; alkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms; chloroalkyl of from one to six carbon atoms and one to three chlorine atoms; chloroalkenyl of from three to six carbon atoms and one to four chlorine atoms; chloroalkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms and one to four chlorine atoms; or alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl methylcarbonylalkyl, methoxycarbonylalkyl of from one to four carbon atoms per alkyl moiety; cycloalkyl of from three to eight carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl of from five to six carbon atoms; aryl, aralkyl, or aroxyalkyl of from six to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl moiety and one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, wherein said aryl moiety may carry at least one of fluorine, chlorine and bromine, alkyl or alkoxy of from one to four carbon atoms and chloroalkyl of from one or two carbon atoms and one to five chlorine atoms, and wherein the alkyl moiety of said aralkyl may be substituted with chlorine and

Y and Y' are oxygen.

2. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is alkyl of about four carbon atoms.

3. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is alkenyl or alkynyl of from three to six carbon atoms.

4. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is cycloalkyl of from five to eight ring carbon atoms.

5. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is hydroxyalkyl of from two to four carbon atoms, hydroxyalkenyl or hydroxyalkynyl of from three up to six carbon atoms.

6. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is alkoxyalkyl of up to four carbon atoms in each alkyl moiety.

7. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is chloroalhyl chloroalkenyl and chloroalkynyl of up to six carbon atoms and from one to three halogen atoms.

8. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is aralkyl of from one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety and six to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl moiety, wherein the aryl moiety may be substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl of from one to four carbon atoms, haloalkyl of from one to four carbon atoms and one to three halogen atoms, alkoxy of from one to four carbon atoms and nitro.

9. Compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein R¹, R² and R³ are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl with one to four carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with five to seven carbon atoms, straightchain or branched alkoxy with one to four carbon atoms or chloroalkyl with one or two carbon atoms and two to five chlorine atoms.

10. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Methyl-N-methoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate.

11. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Methyl-N-ethoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate.

12. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Methyl-N-isopropoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate.

13. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Methyl-N-n-butoxymethyl-N-phenyl

carbamate.

14. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Isopropyl-N-methoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate.

15. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Isopropyl-N-ethoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate.

16. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated

Isopropyl-N-n-propoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate. 17. Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated Isopropyl-chloroacetoxymethyl-N-phenyl carbamate.

Compound as claimed in claim 1 designated

Isopropyl-N-acetoxymethyl-N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate. 19. Compound as claimed in claim 1, designated isopropyl-N-n-propanoyl-oxymethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate.