The hull of a marine vessel is protected from fouling by marine growths by a foil of anti-fouling metal such as copper or a copper alloy adhesively bonded throughout its area to the hull below the water line. The foil is conveniently applied to the hull by pressure sensitive or heat sensitive adhesive.
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19. A marine vessel comprising a hull having below the water line a .Badd.clean, non-conducting, smooth, hard, .Baddend.contoured outer surface and means for protecting said surface from fouling by marine growths or organisms, said protecting means comprising a .Badd.strips of .Baddend.metal foil of anti-fouling metal covering .Badd.having their inner faces coated with a layer of waterproof pressure sensitive adhesive, said foil strips being applied directly to said outer surface to cover .Baddend.said outer surfaces .Badd.surface .Baddend.of said hull below the waterline and conforming to the contour of said surface .Badd.with adjacent strips overlapping, .Baddend.and a .Badd.with said .Baddend.layer of waterproof .Badd.pressure-sensitive .Baddend.adhesive between said foil and said surface .Badd.and between overlapping portions of said foil strips .Baddend.to adhesively bond said foil throughout its area to said surface .Badd.and to bond adjacent strips of said foil to one another. .Baddend.
13. A method of protecting .Badd.from marine growths .Baddend.the contoured hull of .Badd.a .Baddend.marine vessel from marine growths .Badd.having a clean, non-conductive, smooth, hard surface, which comprises providing a metal foil of anti-fouling metal .Badd.in strip form, coating one face of said foil with a layer of water-proof pressure-sensitive adhesive .Baddend.and applying said foil by bringing it .Badd.directly .Baddend.into conforming pressure contact with the exterior surface of said contoured hull below the water line, .Badd.with successive strips of said foil overlapping and .Baddend.with a .Badd.said .Baddend.layer of water proof .Badd.pressure sensitive .Baddend.adhesive between said foil and said surface .Badd.and between overlapping portions of said foil strips.Baddend., to adhesively bond said foil throughout its area to said surface .Badd.and to bond adjacent strips of foil to one another, .Baddend.said foil being sufficiently thin to be easily applied and to conform to said contoured exterior surface and sufficiently thick to provide protection against fouling for a period of at least two years.
3. A method according to
5. A method according to
of the foil onto said hull..Baddend. .Badd. 6. A method according to
7. A method according to
8. A method according to
15. A method according to
16. A method according to claim 15 13, in which said foil has a thickness between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.
17. A method according to
18. A method according to
21. A marine vessel according to
22. A marine vessel according to claim 21 19, in which said foil has a thickness between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.
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The present invention relates to protecting the hulls of marine vessels from fouling by marine growths.
The fouling of the hulls of marine vessels by marine growths has for centuries presented a serious problem. Animal growths such as barnacles and plant life such as marine grass attach themselves firmly to the hulls of ships and boats. On ships these growths increase the resistance to movement of the ship through the water thereby decreasing its speed and increasing the amount of fuel required for power. On motor boats and sail boats, the speed is likewise reduced. Many thousands of dollars are spent each year in removing marine growths from the hulls of boats and ships and in efforts to protect the hulls from fouling.
At present, the principal method used to inhibit the fouling of marine vessels by marine growths is to paint the underwater portion of the hull with an anti-fouling paint. Such paints customarily contain copper compounds, mercury compounds or other compositions that are poisonous to barnacles and other marine growths. However, such paints have been found to be of limited effectiveness. In particular, the length of time during which protection is afforded is relatively short, for example four or five months or even less in warmer waters where the marine growths grow more rapidly. The vessel must then be taken out of the water and to have its hull cleaned and repainted. This is an expensive operation particularly in the case of large ships.
It is an object of the present invention to provide anti-fouling protection that can be easily applied, is effective for a long period of time and is economical. The method in accordance with the present invention is applicable to boats and ships of all sizes where anti-fouling protection is required.
In the following description of the method by way of example application of the foil to the hull of a vessel. As the foil F is unrolled from a roll of foil it is pressed onto the hull H by means of a pressure roller 1 having a handle 2. The roller 1 is preferably formed of neoprene or other elastomeric material so that it conforms closely to the hull of the vessel and presses the foil into firm contact with the hull throughout the area of the foil. The roller 1 is preferably coated with a silicone compound or other non-adhesive coating so that it has no tendency to stick to the foil. In applying the foil to a small boat which has appreciable curvature in cross section, the foil strips are preferably applied either diagonally or vertically as illustrated in FIG. 1 so as to conform more readily to the curvature of the hull. Application of the foil should be started at the stern of the vessel and successive strips of foil should preferably be overlapped slightly so that the forward edge of each strip is protected by the next forward strip. Hence, when the vessel is moving in a forward direction, water does not tend to get under the foil strips. When heat sensitive adhesive is used, the roller 1 is suitably heated or other means is provided for heating the foil as it is applied to the hull.
FIG. 3 illustrates schematically in enlarged cross section how the foil F is bonded to the surface of the hull H by an intervening adhesive layer A. The thickness of the foil and of the adhesive layer are exaggerated for clarity. The layer of adhesive between the foil and hull insulates the foil from the hull when the hull is formed of metal. In the case of a wood hull, the adhesive provides an additional coating protecting the hull. The adhesive is of a character that remains flexible and retains its adhesiveness for the life of the foil covering. It is hence not damaged by an impact of the hull. When the adhesive of a character that remains elastic and is of sufficient thickness, it forms a cushion layer between the foil and the boat hull, thereby providing better protection against damage to the hull or the foil covering by impact.
The foil covering in accordance with the present invention provides a smooth clean surface which reduces resistance to movement of the vessel through the water and hence provides greater speed and efficiency of the vessel. Moreover, the foil covering has been found to provide anti-fouling protection over a much longer period than is attainable with presently available anti-fouling paints.
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