An air brake includes a service brake chamber which actuates a push rod. A collet brake chamber is partially defined by a collet brake diaphragm. A locking collet is mounted to the collet brake diaphragm and includes a bore through which the push rod passes. A collet brake spring biases the collet into a tapered collet hole to clamp the collet onto the push rod to prevent the movement of the push rod toward the brake off position. application of pressure to the collet brake chamber overcomes the force of the collet brake spring and moves the collet away from the tapered collet hole to allow the push rod to move freely. An air supply system, including a quick release valve, a two way check valve, an emergency and parking air supply tank and a pilot check valve, in conjunction with a conventional quick release valve or another type of exhaust valve, automatically supplies air to the service brake chamber from the tank whenever the spring brake supply line is vented. The air supply system can also be used with conventional air brakes.
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19. An emergency and parking brake air supply system for use with air brake systems of the type including a brake chamber operably coupled to a brake to apply the brake when the brake chamber is pressurized, a service brake application line and a spring brake supply line, the system comprising:
a pressure storage tank; a quick release valve including an inlet port, an exhaust port and a chamber port, said chamber port fluidly coupled to said tank and said inlet port fluidly connected to the spring brake supply line; a two way check valve including first and second inlets and an outlet, said first inlet fluidly connected to said exhaust port by a connection conduit and said second inlet fluidly connected to said service brake application line; and an exhaust valve including an exhaust valve inlet port fluidly connected to said two way check valve outlet, an exhaust valve chamber port fluidly connected to said brake chamber and an exhaust valve exhaust port fluidly connected to the ambient atmosphere; and a valve including a valve control port fluidly connected to said spring brake supply line, a valve outlet fluidly connected to said connection conduit and a valve inlet fluidly connected to the ambient atmosphere, said valve arranged and adapted to block fluid flow from said valve outlet to said valve inlet only when pressurized fluid below a first pressure is applied to said valve control port and to vent the connection conduit to atmosphere when the pressure at said valve control port is above a second pressure; whereby venting said inlet port and said second inlet causes pressurized air within said tank to flow through said quick release valve, through said connection conduit, through said two way check valve, through said exhaust valve and to the brake chamber.
21. An air brake system of the type including service brake and spring brake air supply sources, service brake and spring brake control valves fluidly connecting the service brake and spring brake air supply sources to a service brake application line and a spring brake supply line, a service brake including a service brake chamber operably coupled to a brake to apply the brake when the service brake chamber is pressurized, the system comprising:
an air supply system operably coupling said service brake chamber to the service brake air supply line comprising: a pressure storage tank; a quick release valve including an inlet port, an exhaust port and a chamber port, said chamber port fluidly coupled to said tank and said inlet port fluidly connected to the spring brake supply line; a two way check valve including first and second inlets and an outlet, said first inlet fluidly connected to said exhaust port by a connection conduit and said second inlet fluidly connected to said service brake application line; and an exhaust valve including an exhaust valve inlet port fluidly connected to said chamber port, an exhaust valve chamber port fluidly connected to said service brake chamber and an exhaust valve exhaust port fluidly connected to the ambient atmosphere; and a valve including a valve control port fluidly connected to said inlet port, a valve outlet fluidly connected to said connection conduit means and a valve inlet fluidly connected to the ambient atmosphere, said valve arranged and adapted to block fluid flow from said valve outlet to said valve inlet only when pressurized fluid below a first pressure is applied to said valve control port so to vent the connection conduit to atmosphere when the pressure at said valve control port is above a second pressure; whereby venting said inlet port and said second inlet causes pressurized air within said tank to flow through said quick release valve, through said connection conduit, through said two way check valve, through said exhaust valve and to the service brake chamber. 17. A pressurized fluid actuated brake comprising:
a housing defining a service brake chamber and a collet brake chamber fluidly coupled to respective service brake and collet brake ports; a push rod mounted to said housing for movement between brake on and brake off positions; means for normally biasing said push rod toward the brake off position; service brake diaphragm means, operably coupled to said push rod and responsive to the fluid pressure within said service brake chamber, for driving the push rod towards the brake on position when pressurized fluid is applied to the service brake chamber; said housing defining a tapered collet hole bounded by an internal surface with a first chosen taper; a locking collet having an internal bore sized for complementary sliding engagement over said push rod, a portion of the collet having a tapered external surface within a second chosen taper, said portion including axially segmented portions; a collet brake diaphragm mounted to the housing and partially defining the collet brake chamber; means for mounting said collet to the collet brake diaphragm for movement of the collet in response to the fluid pressure withn the collet brake chamber so to drive the collet out of engagement with the collet hole internal surface when pressurized fluid is applid to the collet brake chamber; spring means for normally biasing said collet into engagement with said tapered colet hole so the tapered external collet surface and tapered collet hole internal surface are forced against one another to bias the collet segmented portions against the push rod to keep the push rod from moving from the brake on to the brake off position; and whereby the push rod is free to move between brake on and brake off positions when pressurized fluid is applied to the collet brake chamber and the push rod is locked in position when pressurized fluid is removed from the collet brake chamber.
1. A pressurized fluid actuated brake comprising:
a brake housing defining a service brake chamber and a collet brake chamber; a push rod mounted to the housing for movement between brake on and brake off positions; means, including a service brake diaphragm operably coupled to the push rod and responsive to the presence of a pressurized fluid within the service brake chamber, for driving the push rod towards the brake on position when the service brake chamber is at a first pressurized state; and collet means, operably coupled to the push rod and responsive to the presence of a pressurized fluid within the collet brake chamber, for selectively restricting movement of the push rod towards the brake off position, said push rod restricting means including: a collet having a bore, a radially deflectable portion surrounding at least a portion of the bore, said radially deflectable portion including an external surface; said housing defining a collet bore having an internal surface sized and positioned for mating engagemet with said external surface, at least one of siad internal and external surfaces being tapered; a collet brake diaphragm partially defining the collet brake chamber; means for mounting the collet to the collet brake diaphragm for movement of the collet in response to the presence of pressurized fluid within the collet brake chamber so to bias said collet away from said collet bore to disengage said external and internal surfaces when the collet brake chamber is at a second pressurized state; said push rod including a movement limiting bar partialy housed within said bore and sized for complementary sliding engagement within the collet bore; and spring means for driving the collet into the collet bore when said collet brake chamber is in a third pressurized state to lock the movement limiting bar in place thereby restricting movement of the push rod towards the brake off condition. 18. A pressurized fluid actuated brake comprising:
a housing defining a service brake chamber and an collet brake chamber fluidly coupled to respective service brake and collet brake ports; a service brake diaphragm and a collet brake diaphragm mounted within said housing and partially defining said service brake and collet brake chambers respectively; a push rod mounted to said housing for movement between brake on and brake off positions, said push rod having a first portion housed within said housing configured for operable engagement with a first side of said service brake diaphragm, said service brake diaphragm arranged and adapted to drive the push rod first portion towards the brake on position when pressurized fluid is applied to the service brake chamber; means for normally biasing said push rod first portion toward the brake off position; a second push rod portion, including an elongate rod portion and an end secured to said first push rod portion with said service brake diaphragm therebetween; said housing defining a tapered collet hole bounded by an internal surface with a chosen taper; a locking collet mounted to said collet brake diaphragm, said collet and collet brake diaphragm arranged and adapted to drive the collet of engagement with the collet hole internal surface when pressurized fluid is applied to the collet brake chamber, said collet having an internal bore sized for complementary sliding engagement over said elongate rod portion of said control push rod portion, a portion of the collet having a tapered external surface with said chosen taper, said collet portion including radially movable segments; and spring means for normally biasing said collet into engagement with said tapered collet hole so the tapered external collet surface and the tapered collet hole internal surface are forced against one another to bias the collet segments against the elongate rod portion to keep the elongate rod portion from moving from the brake on the brake off position; whereby the push rod is free to move between brake on and brake off positions when pressurized fluid is applied to the collet brake chamber and the push rod is locked in position when pressurized fluid is removed from the collet brake chamber.
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20. The system of
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23. The system of
24. The system of
a brake housing defining and a collet brake chamber, said collet brake chamber being fluidly connected to the spring brake supply line; a push rod mounted to the housing for movement between brake on and brake off positions; means, operably coupled to the push rod and responsive to the presence of a pressurized fluid within the service brake chamber, for driving the push rod towards the brake on position when the service brake chamber is at a first pressurized state; and collet means, operably coupled to the push rod and responsive to the presence of a pressurized fluid within the collet brake chamber, for selectively restricting movement of the push rod towards the brake off position, said push rod restricting means including: a collet having a bore, a radially deflectable portion surrounding at least a portion of the bore, said radially deflectable portion including an external surface; said housing defining a colet bore having an internal surface sized and positioned for mating engagement with said outer surface, at least one of said internal and external surfaces being tapered; means, responsive to the presence of pressurized fluid within the collet brake chamber, for biasing said collet away from said collet bore to disengage said external and internal surfaces whe the collet brake chamber is at a second pressurized state; said push rod including a movement limiting bar, partially housed within said bore and sized for complenentary sliding engagement within the collet bore; and spring means for driving the collet into the collet bore when said collet brake chamber is in a third pressurized state to lock the movement limiting bar in place thereby restricting movement of the push rod towards the brake off condition. 25. The system of claim 21 further comprising an exhaust valve including an exhaust valve inlet port fluidly connected to said chamber port, an exhaust valve chamber port fluidly connected to said service brake chamber and an exhaust valve exhaust port fluidly connected to the ambient atmosphere.
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This application is a reissue of application Ser. No. 06/638,441 filed Aug. 7, 1984, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,589,704 issued on May 20, 1986.FIG. 7 is a simplified schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the air brake system of FIG. 5 in which the exhaust valve has been removed.Referring now to FIG. 7, an E&P system 336 incorporated into an air brake system 338 similar to that of FIG. 5 is shown. The only difference is the removal of exhaust valve 180 so that the remaining elements retain the same reference numbers as the embodiment of FIG. 5. and lines 188, 190 are coupled at a junction 340. Therefore, when line 152 is pressurized, the high pressure air passes through ports 174 and 176 of TWC valve 168 and into lines 188, 190. When pedal valve 148 is released, it opens dumping air in line 152 through exhaust port 154. Exhausting air in line 152 permits air in lines 188, 190 to be exhausted to atmosphere through TWC valve 168, line 152 and port 154. If line 144 is pressurized, air from lines 188, 190 can also flow through lines 170, 198 and out port 200 of pilot check valve 192. Thus, the embodiment of FIG. 7 operates in substantially the same manner as the embodiment of FIG. 5 with the exception that it takes a bit longer for the air in lines 188, 190 to exhaust to atmosphere.
Referring now to FIG. 6, an air brake system 202 is used with a pair of conventional service brake chambers 204 on one axle and a pair of conventional dual chamber air brakes 206 on the other axle. Dual chamber air brakes 206 each include a service brake chamber 208 and a spring brake chamber 210. Pressurized air is supplied to spring brake chambers 210 from a pressurized air source 212 through a spring brake valve 214, a spring brake supply line 216, a conventional relay valve 218 and lines 220 which connect a spring brake inlet 222 with chamber ports 224 of relay valve 218. Relay valve 218 is, as mentioned above, a type of exhaust valve, and is used to speed up pressurizing and exhausting spring brake chambers 210. To do so, valve 218 is connected to an auxiliary pressurized air supply tank 226. The operation of this valve is conventional and is discussed with reference to FIG. 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,548. When no relay valve 218 is used, tank 226 is not connected to the relay valve 218 and ports 222 are supplied directly.
Service brake chambers 208 and service brakes 204 are supplied pressurized air from a pressurized air source 228 through a pedal valve 230, a service brake application line 232, TWC valves 234, 236 and quick release valves 238, 240. In some cases, quick release valves are not used. Lines 242, 244 connect chamber ports 246, 248 of quick release valves 238, 240 with the inlets 250, 252 of pilot check valves 254, 256. The outlets 258, 260 of valves 254, 256 are connected to chamber ports 262, 264 of service brake chambers 208 and 204 respectively. The control ports 266 of pilot check valves 254 are connected to lines 220 by lines 268 while control ports 270 of pilot check valves 256 are connected to spring brake supply line 216 by a common line 272.
The structure of FIG. 6 thus far described is quite similar to the air brake system shown in FIG. 5 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,548 with the exception of the TWC valves 234, 236 and the use of relay valve 218 and tank 226. To ensure the emergency pressurization of service brake chambers 208 and 204, two separate emergency and parking air supply systems (E&P systems) 274, 276 are incorporated into air brake system 202. E&P system 274 includes a quick release valve 278 having an inlet port 280 connected to spring brake supply line 216 by a line 282 and an exhaust port 284 connected to an inlet 286 of TWC valve 234 by line 288. A chamber port 290 of valve 278 is fluidly connected to tank 226 so that tank 226 acts as both a reservoir for the normal pressurization of spring brake chambers 210 and also as an E&P tank for E&P system 274. A pilot check valve 292 is used for the same purpose as pilot check valve 192 of FIG. 5 to ensure that line 288 is maintained at ambient pressure whenever spring brake supply line 216, and thus lines 220, are pressurized. Pilot check valve 292 includes a control port 294 connected to line 268, an inlet 296 connected to ambient atmosphere and an outlet 298 connected to line 288.
Referring now to E&P system 276 an E&P tank 298 is fluidly connected to the chamber port 300 of a quick release valve 302. Valve 302 includes an inlet port 304 fluidly connected to spring brake supply line 216 by a line 306 and an exhaust port 308 fluidly connected to an inlet 310 of TWC valve 236 by a line 312. A pilot check valve 314, used to ensure line 312 is maintained at ambient pressure when line 216 is pressurized, has its control port 316 connected to common line 272, its inlet 318 connected to ambient atmosphere and its outlet 320 connected to line 312.
In use, air brake system 202 normally has line 216 pressurized so that spring brake chambers 210 are pressurized thus permitting brake actuation based on the presence or absence of pressure in service brake application line 232 which is controlled by the actuation of pedal valve 230. Assuming line 216 is pressurized, applying pressure to line 232 causes pressurized air flow through TWC valves 234, 236, quick release valves 238, 240, lines 242, 244 and pilot check valves 254, 256. Since line 220 is pressurized, control ports 266, 270 are supplied with pressurized air sufficient to allow free flow of air between inlets 250, 252, and outlets 258, 260 of pilot check valves 254, 256.
Upon venting spring brake supply line 216 to atmosphere, spring brake chambers 210 are exhausted to atmosphere through their inlets 222, through lines 220 and out the exhaust port 232 of relay valve 218. It should be noted that relay valve 218 does not exhaust the pressurized air within tank 226 when this occurs. This permits spring brake chambers 210 to apply braking force to their associated brakes, not shown, according to the action of their spring brake springs in a conventional manner. Simultaneously, inlet ports 280, 304 of quick release valves 278, 302 are also dumped to atmosphere thus sealing tanks 226, 298 from lines 282, 306 to allow the tanks to pressurize lines 288, 312 respectively. Since line 216 has been dumped to atmosphere, control ports 294, 316 of pilot check valves 292, 314 are also at reduced pressure so that pilot check valves 292, 314 no longer allow air within lines 288, 312 to be exhausted to atmosphere. The high pressure air from tanks 226, 298 is then supplied to service brake chambers 208 and 204 in the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG. 5.
It should be understood that the braking force applied by air brakes 206 will result from both the pressurization of service brake chambers 208 and the spring braking force of spring brakes 210; when existing spring brakes are used this compounding of braking force would need to be considered in designing such a system. This force compounding problem is not present when the E&P systems of the invention are used with conventional single chamber service brakes but result when existing spring brakes are used. Therefore the E&P systems of the invention find their greatest utility when used with air brakes incorporating collet locked push rods according to the invention since full braking force is achieved without the force compounding problem and mechanical energy is used to hold the brakes on if application is made when vehicle is parked or moving.
Modification and variation can be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the subject of the invention as defined by the following claims. For example, either or both of the tapered collet and collet hole may have a variable rate of taper rather than the constant rate of taper shown.
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