A method and a communications system in which a request for data transmitted by an airborne transmitter over a low-bandwidth air-to-ground communication system uplink and received by a ground-based receiver. The requested data is then transmitted over a high-bandwidth communication system downlink, such as a DBS satellite system downlink, preferably using an MPEG-2 compression technique, and received by an airborne receiver located on the same aircraft as the airborne transmitter. The received request for data is transmitted to a data network that contains the requested data, such as the internet or a private data network, using circuit-switched techniques. According to the invention, the requested data includes one of video information, audio information and textual information.
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0. 20. A communication system for use with an airborne passenger computer, the system comprising:
means for receiving, at a ground-based location, and over a low bandwidth air-to-ground communication downlink, a request for data from the airborne passenger computer via an airborne transceiver and a first antenna;
means for providing the request for data to a ground-based gateway linked to a server, wherein the server is coupled to an internet website, and wherein the requested data is available via the internet website;
means for providing the requested data from the internet website to the airborne passenger computer via a high bandwidth ground-to-air communication uplink, wherein the requested data is transmitted to the airborne passenger computer, via an airborne receiver coupled with a second antenna, in response to the request for data from the airborne passenger computer; and
means for communicating with the low bandwidth air-to-ground communication downlink, the high bandwidth ground-to-air communication uplink, the server and the airborne passenger computer.
0. 15. An air-to-ground communication system for use with an airborne computer, the air-to-ground communication system comprising:
an airborne transmitter coupled with the airborne computer and a first antenna, wherein the airborne transmitter and first antenna provides a low bandwidth communication link, and wherein the airborne transmitter and first antenna are configured to provide a request for ground-based data by the airborne computer over the low bandwidth communication link;
an airborne receiver and a second antenna coupled with a high bandwidth communication link, wherein the airborne receiver and second antenna are further configured to transmit the requested ground-based data over the high bandwidth communication link;
an airborne data server mechanism coupled with the internet and configured to provide the requested ground-based data available from the internet to the airborne computer;
an airborne api (application programming interface) configured to communicate with the airborne computer and the airborne data server mechanism; and
an airborne data transport mechanism at least logically coupling the low bandwidth communication link, the airborne data server mechanism, and the high bandwidth communication link to facilitate delivery of the requested ground-based data to the airborne computer via the high bandwidth communication link, based on the request for the ground-based data by the airborne computer.
0. 18. An air-to-ground communication system for use with a portable airborne computer, comprising:
data server means for providing data to, and being coupled with, the portable airborne computer, wherein the data server means is configured to be located within an aircraft;
wherein the data server means is configured to receive a request for ground-based data from the portable airborne computer;
data transport means for communicating with a wireless uplink channel, a wireless downlink channel, the data server means, and the airborne computer;
wherein the data transport means is configured to receive the request for the ground-based data, and provide the request for the ground-based data to the wireless uplink channel;
wherein the data server means is configured to receive the requested ground-based data from the wireless downlink channel, and to facilitate delivery of the requested ground-based data to the portable airborne computer;
airborne transmitter means coupled with a first antenna and the data transport means, wherein the wireless downlink channel includes a low bandwidth communication link, the airborne transmitter means and first antenna are configured to provide a request for ground-based data by the airborne computer over the low bandwidth communication link; and
airborne receiver means coupled with a second antenna and the data transport means, wherein the wireless uplink channel includes a high bandwidth communication link, the airborne receiver means and second antenna are configured to transmit the requested ground-based data over the high bandwidth communication link, in response to the request for data from the portable airborne computer.
0. 1. A method for air to ground communication, comprising the steps of:
(a) transmitting a request for a data session from an air borne terminal via an airborne transceiver and first antenna using a low bandwidth downlink to a ground based gateway linked to a server connected to a data network;
(b) transmitting a service initiation acknowledgement from the server to the airborne terminal via the ground based gateway, the low bandwidth downlink, the airborne transceiver and first antenna;
(c) transmitting a data request from the airborne terminal to the data network via the airborne transceiver and first antenna, low bandwidth down link, the ground based gateway and the server; and
(d) transmitting the requested data from the data network to the airborne terminal via a high bandwidth satellite uplink, an airborne receiver and second antenna.
0. 2. The method according to
0. 3. The method according to
0. 4. The method according to
0. 5. The method according to
0. 6. The method according to
0. 7. The method of
(e) using an access management server to obtain the requested data from the data network and transmit the requested data to the airborne terminal via the high bandwidth satellite uplink and the airborne receiver and second antenna.
0. 8. An air to ground communication system, comprising
(a) an airborne terminal coupled to an airborne transceiver and first antenna;
(b) a low bandwidth downlink provided by the airborne transceiver and first antenna;
(c) a ground based gateway for receiving the low bandwidth down link;
(d) a data network coupled to the ground based gateway via a server;
(e) a high bandwidth satellite uplink coupled to the data network; and
(f) an airborne receiver and second antenna coupled to the uplink whereby a data request from the airborne terminal is transmitted to the data network via the airborne transceiver and first antenna, the low bandwidth down link, the ground based gateway and the server and the requested data is transmitted by the data network to the airborne terminal via the high bandwidth satellite uplink and the airborne receiver and second antenna.
0. 9. The system according to
0. 10. The system according to
0. 11. The system according to
0. 12. The system according to
0. 13. The method according to
0. 14. The method of
(g) an access management server coupled to the data network for obtaining and transmitting the requested data via the high bandwidth satellite uplink and the airborne receiver and second antenna.
0. 16. The system according to
0. 17. The system according to
0. 19. The system according to
api means configured to communicate with the portable airborne computer and the data server means.
0. 21. The system according to
0. 22. The system according to
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The present application is related to application Ser. No. 08/989,623, filed concurrently, and commonly assigned with the present invention and now abandoned. More than one reissue application has been filed for this application. This reissue application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. Reissue patent application Ser. No. 10/389,010, which was filed on Mar. 13, 2003, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of telecommunications. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and to a system for communicating between an airborne data terminal and a ground-based computer network.
2. Description of Related Art
The ability for passengers on a commercial airline flight to make phone calls is well-known. Initially, such airborne telephone calls utilized an analog technology that was similar to that used by an airborne radio station broadcasting a modulated voice signal over a designated frequency to a ground-based station. The ground station interfaced with a Public Switched Telephony Network (PSTN) to complete the call. The analog approach suffers from problems associated with signal degradation, and requires a relatively large bandwidth for carrying a voice band signal.
An all digital air-to-ground telephony network service was introduced in 1993 in which voice signals are carried by an ISDN link on an aircraft to a radio link. Modern digital transmission and speech processing techniques are used on the voice signals before an airborne radio transmitter transmits an encoded digital voice signal to the ground where the voice signal is routed to the PSTN. The digital approach delivers a clearer voice quality than the analog approach, and allows evolving speech encoding techniques to carry more simultaneous voice calls over available communication channels.
At the time the all digital air-to-ground service was introduced, the only data service envisioned was facsimile and data modem-type calls to be made to ground-based stations or terminals. To accommodate existing facsimile and data modems that might be used on an aircraft for sending facsimile documents or for retrieving e-mail messages, a voice encoder on the aircraft used for voice calls is bypassed with a proper rate adaptation so that modem signals are send over the radio link. Still, this type of connection is considered to be a circuit-switched voice call, that is, each dialup consumes one standard voice channel. As a result, the tariff for a conventional airborne data service call is the same as the tariff for a standard voice call because the procedure for setting up the two types of calls is the same, and the bandwidth that is consumed by a conventional airborne data call is the same as the bandwidth consumed by a standard voice call. Further, the types of data services that are conveniently available through conventional airborne data service calls are severely limited because of the limited bandwidth available for a conventional airborne data call. For example, conventional airborne data services do not provide a bandwidth that is sufficient for supporting, for example, access to the Internet in which graphics, audio, video, textual and multimedia content are available.
What is needed in a way to provide an integrated voice/data service to airborne passengers that can mix various data services, such as accessing the Internet or placing a voice call, and thereby utilize the limited air channels available to airborne passengers more efficiently.
The present invention provides a method and a communications system that provides an integrated voice/data service to airborne passengers that can mix various data services, such as accessing the Internet or placing a voice call, and thereby efficiently utilizing the air channels available to airborne passengers.
The advantages of the present invention are provided by a method and a communications system in which a request for data transmitted by an airborne transmitter over a low-bandwidth air-to-ground communication system uplink and received by a ground-based receiver. The requested data is then transmitted over a high-bandwidth communication system downlink, such as a DBS satellite system downlink, preferably using an MPEG-2 compression technique, and received by an airborne receiver located on the same aircraft as the airborne transmitter. The received request for data is transmitted to a data network that contains the requested data, such as the Internet or a private data network, using circuit-switched techniques. The requests from all active data users are multiplexed on the same circuit-switched channel, thus conserving the bandwidth for normal voice channels. According to the invention, the requested data includes one of video information, audio information and textual information.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying figures in which like reference numerals indicate similar elements and in which:
The present invention provides a method and a system providing twoway data communications between an airborne data terminal station, such as a personal computer (PC) or a laptop computer, and a ground-based data network, such as the Internet, using a packet data switching technology. As a result, the present invention utilizes available air-to-ground bandwidth more efficiently than conventional airborne data telecommunications systems because the same air-to-ground channel is used for multiplexing data packets from different concurrent user data sessions.
The data transport mechanism provides interfaces to and includes various data pipes that are both internal and external to the aircraft. The internal data pipes link passengers and aircraft personnel to a data server. According to the invention, the internal data pipes can be any of an existing Cable Distribution System (CDS) using an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), a Local Area Network (LAN), an Ethernet or a Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) network, and/or an Asynchronous Transmission Mode (ATM) network for distributing video, voice/audio, and textual data signals to a display screen located, for example, on the back of passenger seats. Preferably, an ATM internal data pipe uses an embedded open standard Operating System, such as JAVA.
The external pipes can be various wireless pipes, or air links, in a ground-based station or gateway, or to a satellite system. According to the invention, the different external pipes that can be used with the present invention can be an existing terrestrial link system, such as the North American Terrestrial System (NATS) or the European Terrestrial Flight Telephone System (TFTS), a direct air link to a terrestrial gateway, a link to a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and/or a Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite system, and/or a link to one of the emerging broadband Satellite-based systems, such as the Digital Broadcast Satellite (DBS) or Teledesic systems.
In
Data server 12 acts as an intelligent airborne gateway and performs multiplexing and necessary call control functions. More specifically, data server 12 provides three general functions: 1) controlling various data transport interfaces; 2) multiplexing, routing, and priority queuing functions for data packets; and 3) updating and maintaining various databases depending on the application as an off-line process and for providing a uniform user interface capability (API) to client applications. Examples of off-line processes provided by data server 12 are a HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) process that provides an interface for Web browsing and an Aircraft Condition Monitoring System (ACMS) process for collecting aircraft flight data for OA&M purposes.
Data server 12 preferably includes a network interface circuit (NIC) 14, a router 15, a database 16, and at least one and preferably a plurality of data transport interface circuits 17-20. Network interface circuit 14 connects data server 12 to internal data pipe 13 in a well-known manner, and provides data packets received from data pipe 13 to router 15. Router 15 uses a routing table that is stored in routing table database 16 for directing data packets received from terminals 11a-11f and voice packets from telephones (not shown) to an appropriate data transport interface circuit 17-20 based on a requested data service for subsequent transmission to a particular bearer service. The components forming data server 12 can be physically enclosed within one housing or enclosure, or can be physically located in separate housings that are distributed around the aircraft depending on the technology used, the applications, and the physical constraints of the aircraft.
In
NATS interface circuit 19 provides well-known interface functions for an air link through an Aircraft Communication Unit (ACU) 496 NATS unit 25 and an antenna 26 to a gateway 27 of an NATS-type system 31, such as AT&T's NATS network. NATS-type system 31 is connected to data network 2 using a packet data transport mechanism. The AT&T's NATS network includes approximately 150 ground stations covering the entire continental United States and parts of the Canada and Mexico. All NATS ground stations are interconnected to a switching center located in New Jersey from where voice traffic is routed to a PSTN. The NATS ground stations are also interconnected through a frame relay network to data centers, or gateways, where the data packets are routed to a private data network or to public data network 2, such as the Internet. Using a modern protocol, such as MPP combined with PPTP or L2TP, the NATS network supports an aggregated dynamic bandwidth of up to 290 Kbps in a channel block of 29 channels, subject to channel availability.
DBS decoder interface circuit 20 provides well-known interface functions for an air link through an antenna 28 to a DBS satellite system 29. DBS satellite system 29 is connected to data network 2. The broadband satellite systems, such as the Geo-synchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) Digital Broadcast Satellite (DBS), are envisioned as providing a one-way data service as the primary service. DBS technology uses an MPEG-2 digital compression system for sending a plurality of channels of digitized video signals through one transponder. The MPEG-2 digital compression system can be used for multiplexing any digital signal, including a packet data signal, and for intermixing a digital signal with a video signal for satellite broadcasting. From the point of view of the DBS system is concerned, there is no difference whether a transported signal is a compressed video signal or a sequence of IP packets.
Antenna 28 used on the aircraft must be a moving or a phased-array antenna for maintaining a line-of-sight with a transmitting satellite because DBS system is a GEO satellite system. An antenna of this type is relatively more costly than a standard fixed antenna. For other satellite systems, such as the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites that are not geo-synchronous, the satellite system handles handoffs, therefore, eliminating the need for a moving-type antenna for antenna 23.
To provide an interactive airborne data service, such as e-mail retrieval or Web browsing, the present invention uses an NATS-type packet data network, such as the AT&T NATS, for an uplink data pipe and a DBS-type system for a downlink data pipe. For a typical application, the relative size, or bandwidth requirements, of the data request is small, while the amount of data returned in response to the request is relatively large. The capability of the NATS link is sufficient for carrying a request for data, but is insufficient for carrying the requested data. Alternatively, the uplink data pipe can be through an LEO/MEO satellite network 24, with the downlink data pipe being through DBS-type system 29.
In
System 10 utilizes the advantages of the data compression features of DBS system 29 when downloading broadband data from a DBS satellite. An exemplary application that can be utilized by a flight crew is software downloading, flight information updates, etc. In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) services offered by an airline can receive real-time video programs from a direct television-type service, or by allowing passengers to browse the Internet with ample bandwidth.
Presently, the available DBS systems are broadcast-only systems. When a two-way DBS satellite link is available, data server 12 will treat such an uplink as another bearer service and uses the satellite broadband network for interconnecting aircraft 40 to a ground-based gateway. The bandwidth available with the two-way broadband satellite systems supports applications, such as video conferencing, high-quality video, high-speed Internet, and virtual LAN to the aircraft. An added advantage of using any of satellite systems 24, 29 is that universal access is possible so that the same system can be used anywhere on earth. For this embodiment of the present invention, the satellite network is connected to the mobile terminal on-board the aircraft, handling routing and handoffs needed for linking the mobile terminal on-board the aircraft to a ground-based gateway in a well-known manner similar to that used by conventional cellular telephone system, instead of a network of ground stations that connect the gateway. As long as an aircraft and a gateway can connect by way of a satellite network, SVCs or PVCs can be set up between any pair of terminal stations. For example, one aircraft can have an SVC to another aircraft as long as both aircraft are serviced by the satellite system. Similarly, an aircraft can have an SVC to any gateway as long as both can be connected through the satellite system.
The API function of the present invention is provided by a collection of APIs or procedures having a standardized execution environment, and can be executed by applications, whether local or remote, for allowing the configuration of call/data routes, monitoring and reporting of activities, and messaging and presentation of data to users. An example of an API that can be used with the present invention are JAVA applets that can be executed by any JAVA-capable Web browser for allowing a flight crew to view the latest gate link information or for ground control personnel to view the vital statistics of the aircraft in real time.
The API function of the present invention is the enabling tool for allowing quick introduction of new applications and/or services, for developing specific applications for call monitoring and control purposes, and for incorporating new technologies without significant development effort. The APIs used with the present invention are highly modularized so that any combination of APIs can be incorporated into creating new applications without having impact on existing applications.
Preferably, the present invention uses the TCP/IP protocol as a networking protocol, thus allowing interconnection to virtually any network. An additional advantage of the present invention is that the ability to access to the vast collection of TCP/IP protocols, tools and applications provides the present invention with the flexibility to meet the needs of future aircraft data services. The present invention is expandable by providing an infrastructure that is modularized and is designed to use Open System interfaces, allowing new hardware and technologies to be incorporated with minimal development. Preferably, the present invention uses COTS hardware and software.
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