The present invention relates to a device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient. The device includes a patient interface and connecting member. The connecting member is preferably a L-shaped swivelled connector that is capable of being fixed into one of two positions, a first position where the connector is freely rotatable within the patient interface, and a second position where an interference between the interface and connector prevents the free rotation of the connector within the patient interface. The present invention further relates to a connector that has outlet means, which includes at least one outlet vent and a funnel, which in use directs and passes a substantial portion gases expired from the patient through the outlet vent or vents.
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1. A device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient comprising or including:
a patient interface fittable to a patients nose or mouth, which in use is in fluid communication with said supply of gases,
connecting member having two ends and means for interference with said patient interface, one end of said two ends being locatable within said patient interface and the other end of said two ends is connectable to said supply of gases, said member capable of being fixed into one of two positions, a first position where said member is freely rotatable within patient interface, and a second position where said means for interference with said patient interface prevents the free rotation of the member within said patient interface.
9. A continuous positive airways pressure system for delivering gases to a patient comprising or including a pressurized source of gases, a conduit, in fluid communication with said pressurized source, adapted to convey said gases, and a nasal mask in fluid communication with said conduit, in use, delivering said gases to a patient, said nasal mask comprising or including:
a body portion having an inlet, connected to said conduit by a connecting member,
sealing means engaged with said body portion, and adapted to seal against the facial contours of a patient, and
securement means attached to or around the head of a patient,
wherein said connecting member has two ends and means for interference with said body portion, one end being locatable within said body portion and the other end of said two ends connectable to said conduit, said connecting member capable of being fixed into one of two positions, a first position where said member is rotatable within said body portion and a second position wherein said means for interference with said body portion prevents the free rotation of said member within said body portion.
2. A device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient according to
3. A device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient according to
4. A device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient according to
5. A device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient according to
6. A device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient according to
7. A device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient according to
a body portion, having an inlet receiving said supply of gases through a gases supply conduit, and
sealing means attached to or integrated with said body portion, said sealing means adapted to seal against the facial contours of a patient.
8. A device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient according to
10. A device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient according to
11. A device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient according to
12. A continuous positive airways pressure system for delivering gases to a patient according to
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This invention relates to patient interfaces, particularly though not solely for use in providing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy or positive pressure ventilation to patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
In the art of respiration devices, there are well known a variety of respiratory masks which cover the nose and/or mouth of a human user in order to provide a continuous seal around the nasal and/or oral areas of the face such that gas may be provided at positive pressure within the mask for consumption by the user. The uses for such masks range from high altitude breathing (ie. aviation applications) to mining and fire fighting applications, to various medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
One requisite of such respiratory masks has been that they provide an effective seal against the patient's face to prevent leakage of the gas being supplied. Commonly, in prior mask configurations, a good mask-to-face seal has been attained in many instances only with considerable discomfort for the user. This problem is most crucial in those applications, especially medical applications, which require the user to wear such a mask continuously for hours or perhaps even days. In such situations, the user will not tolerate the mask for long durations and optimum therapeutic or diagnostic objectives thus will not be achieved, or will be achieved with great difficulty and considerable user discomfort.
Where such masks are used in respiratory therapy, in particular treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, there is generally provided in the art a vent for washout of the bias flow or expired gases to the atmosphere. Such a vent may be provided for example, as part of the mask, or in the case of some respirators where a further conduit carries the expiratory gases, at the respirator. A further requisite of such masks is the washout of gas from the mask to ensure that carbon dioxide build up does not occur over the range of flow rates. In the typical flow rates in CPAP treatment, usually between 4 cm H2O and 20 cm H2O, prior art attempts at such vents have resulted in excessive noise causing irritation to the user and any bed partners.
Various approaches have been developed in the prior art to attempt to reduce the noise when CPAP therapy is provided. For example, in PCT Patent Application No. WO98/34665 it has been proposed that the vent include a resilient plug with rounded edge apertures to reproduce noise. However, this is not entirely effective in eliminating the extra noise created by a vent at the mask.
In common with all attempts to improve the fit, sealing and user comfort is the need to avoid a concentrated flow of air at any portion of the respiratory tracts. In particular with oral masks or mouthpieces it is a disadvantage of prior art devices that the oral cavity may become overly dehydrated by use of the device, causing irritation and possible later complications.
It is an object of the present invention to attempt to provide a patient interface which goes some way to overcoming the abovementioned disadvantages in the prior art or which will at least provide the industry with a useful choice.
Accordingly in a first aspect the present invention consists in a device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient comprising or including:
In a second aspect the present invention consists in a continuous positive airways pressure system for delivering gases to a patient comprising or including a pressurised source of gases, transport means, in fluid communication with said pressurised source, adapted to convey said gases, and a nasal mask in fluid communication with said transport means, in use, delivering said gases to said user, said nasal mask comprising or including:
In a third aspect the present invention consists in a device for delivering a supply of gases to a patient comprising:
To those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, many changes in construction and widely differing embodiments and applications of the invention will suggest themselves without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The disclosures and the descriptions herein are purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limiting.
One preferred form of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which;
The present invention provides improvements in the delivery of positive pressure ventilation therapy. In particular a patient interface is described which is quieter for the user to wear and reduces the side leakage as compared with the prior art. The patient interface of the present invention includes improvements to the swivel elbow connector, bias flow directional funnel and/or elbow diffuser. It will be appreciated that the patient interface as described in the preferred embodiment of the present invention can be used in respiratory care generally or with a ventillator but will now be described below with reference to use in a humidified positive pressure ventilation system. It will also be appreciated that the present invention can be applied to any form of patient interface including, but not limited to, nasal masks, oral masks and mouthpieces.
With reference to
Controller 9 receives input from sources such as user input means or dial 10 through which a user of the device may, for example, set a predetermined required value (reset value) of humidity or temperature of the gases supplied to patient 1. The controller may also receive input from other sources, for example temperature and/or flow velocity sensors 11 and 12 through connector 13 and heater plate temperature sensor 14. In response to the user set humidity or temperature value input via dial 10 and the other inputs, controller 9 determines when (or to what level) to energise heater plate 7 to heat the water 6 within humidification chamber 5. As the volume of water 6 within humidification chamber 5 is heated, water vapour begins to fill the volume of the chamber above the water's surface and is passed out of the humidification chamber 5 outlet 4 with the flow of gases (for example air) provided from a gases supply means or blower 15 which enters the chamber through inlet 16. Exhaled gases from the patient's mouth are passed directly to ambient surroundings.
Blower 15 is provided with variable pressure regulating means or variable speed fan 21, which draws air or other gases through blower inlet 17. The speed of variable speed fan 21 is controlled by electronic controller 18 (or alternatively the function of controller 18 could be carried out by controller 9) in response to inputs from controller 9 and a user set predetermined required value (preset value) of pressure or fan speed via dial 19.
Nasal Mask
A nasal mask that may be used with the improvements to the swivel elbow connector, bias flow directional funnel and/or elbow diffuser of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. The mask includes a hollow body 102 with an inlet 103 connected to the inspiratory conduit 3. The mask 2 is positioned around the nose of the user 1 with the headgear 108 secured around the back of the head of the patient 1. The restraining force from the headgear 108 on the hollow body 102 and the forehead rest 106 ensures enough compressive force on the mask cushion 104, to provide an effective seal against the patient's face.
The hollow body 102 is constructed of a relatively inflexible material for example, polycarbonate plastic. Such a material would provide the requisite rigidity as well as being transparent and a relatively good insulator.
The improved swivel elbow connector, bias flow directional funnel and/or elbow diffuser of the present invention may also be used with a mouthpiece as described below, or with a full facial mask.
Mouthpiece
Referring to
A notch 60 is provided centrally in the upper edge of the vestibular shield 49 to accommodate the upper frenal attachment. A slight bead 61 is provided around the edge of the vestibular shield 49 for user comfort, with the vestibular shield 49 otherwise being very thin for additional suppleness.
Referring particularly to
Referring now to
Referring now to
The outer flap 110 is seen in
In
It will be appreciated that as well as providing a substantially airtight seal the addition of the outer flap provides enough compressive force on the mouth to keep the mouthpiece and conduit in place without the need for straps. This allows the administering of positive airway pressure ventilation therapy to be considerably less obtrusive than traditional methods.
In a further additional improvement shown in
Interface Connection
Attention is now directed to FIG. 3. It has been found that an additional factor in the effectiveness of any patient interface 2, is the manner in which the interface is connected to the breathing circuit. The weight of the breathing circuit, and any attempted movement of one other of the breathing circuit and the interface 2 relative to the other, is one of the largest influences tending to dislodge the interface 2. It must be noted that the interface 2 must remain in position and maintain a seal during all sleep, when the user has no muscle tone.
The connection is usually provided between a breathing circuit and an interface 2, which decouples the interface 2 from the breathing circuit. This type of configuration is shown in
To connect between the bases outlet 42, which is vertical when the user is lying on his or her back, and the breathing circuit 41, which is generally horizontal, a L-shaped elbow connector 45 is incorporated in the connection 40. The elbow connector 45 may be incorporated in the interface 2. The elbow connector 45 is formed at a right angle and provides a positive pressure on the interface 2. The elbow connector 45 may include a swivel joint and may be disconnected from gaseous outlet 42. The connection 40 further includes a connecting tube 46 provided between the elbow 45 and the breathing circuit 41. The connecting tube 46 is preferably connected to the breathing circuit 41 by a swivel joint 48 for reasons described herein. The breathing circuit 41, while flexible, will necessarily be stiff enough to maintain its inter over comparatively long tuns, while the flexible connecting tube 46, being only a short length, for example 10 centimetres, merely has to span between the patient's mouth and chest, and can thereby be made in a manner that would not be suitable for long runs. Furthermore, as a result of the short length of the connecting tube 46, the connecting tube 46 does not need to incorporate significant insulation or heating capability. The connecting tube 46 may be formed from a thin plastic membrane supported over helical or double helical or corrugated supporting ribs. In such a case, the support makes the connection tube 46 laterally flexible and resistant to torsion. The elbow swivel connector 45 allows for movement of the connection tube 46 relative to the interface 2. The swivel connector 48 allows for movement of the connection tube 46 relative to the breathing circuit 41. It is to be understood that one or both of the swivel joints 45, 48 could be eliminated, but the preferred embodiment includes elbow swivel connector 48.
Fixable Swivel Joint
The nasal mask or mouthpiece as described above can be provided with an improved L-shaped elbow connector similar to that described above. Referring to
Attention is now drawn to
In particular, referring to
The elbow connector may be pushed downwards to into the mask body to a position as shown in
The improvements, as described above, to the elbow connector of the present invention provides an attachment that can either freely rotate, or be locked in a particular position according to the patient's desires. The improvement to the prior art swivel connectors is that the short flexible tubing (46 as described with reference to
Flow Diffuser and Bias Flow Directional Funnel
In an alternative form of the present invention, and in order to reduce the noise caused by expiratory gases being expelled from the mask or mouthpiece, either may be provided with an elbow connector having a diffuser. In prior art systems the flow diffuser is usually provided within the elbow connector at the point of connection to the mask body or inlet to the mouthpiece, in the present invention it is envisaged to provide a diffuser on the elbow connector. The following description refers to nasal mask when describing the diffuser. The diffuser may also be provided with an elbow connector used with a mouthpiece as previously described.
Referring to
The purpose of the funnel is to vent exhaled air from the breathing system to remove CO2 gases. With the prior art breathing systems it has been found that there is continuous leaking of gases through the vent holes during inspiration and expiration by the patient. Therefore, a loss of pressure occurs due to escaping air. Thus, on inspiration the patient receives less pressure and thus less breathing therapy, and therefore this requires that vent holes are provided that are as small as possible to lessen this effect.
During expiration by the patient it is preferred that most of the exhaled gases are vented through the vent holes, in order to prevent pressure spikes and to ensure CO2 gases are expelled from the breathing tubing. The funnel therefore provides for shielding of the vent holes during inspiration, but enhances the venting of CO2 gases by providing directional flows during expiration, this also allows for vent holes to be increased in size, providing larger exhaust areas.
Inlet airflow E flows from the ventilating system through the elbow connector in the direction of arrows F, G and H and into the patient's lungs. The air that is exhaled, as indicated by arrow I, flows through the funnel 1004 that has been moulded within the interior of the elbow 1003. The funnel 1004 is tubular in shape and provides for the funnelling of the exhausted CO2 gases through the outlet bias holes 1001, 1002.
Providing such a diffuser on the elbow connector effectively minimises the noise generated by the outward flow of expiratory gases from the mask. The diffuser of the present invention requires little or no maintenance and improves user comfort.
The providing of a directional funnel within the elbow connector further minimises noise and reduces pressure spikes during exhalation.
McAuley, Alastair Edwin, Milivojevic, Ivan, Gradon, Lewis George, Smith, Nicholas Charles Alan, Nightingale, Chris Earl
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