A floor grommet for use in building and office structures supplied with air conditioning via under floor plenum. Directed flow of conditioned air is optimized by limiting the escape of air from the plenum into the space above the floor by leakage through floor openings provided for power cables, data cables and the like. Specialized floor grommets installed in the cable openings are comprised of a surrounding frame mounting sealing elements comprised of thin, flexible elements which are anchored at one end in the grommet frame and extend toward the center of the opening, from each side, to effectively close the opening against significant flow of conditioned air from the plenum below. Cables passing through the grommet opening cause minimal deflection of the flexible elements to limit the escape of conditioned air. Preferably, the resilient, flexible elements are filamentary in nature. To particular advantage, the filamentary sealing elements may be installed in multiple stages, with stages underneath being in contact with stages above, in outer portions thereof. Additionally, solid, van-like sealing elements may be provided to assist in centering of the cable elements, when cables are installed, and to provide a substantially complete seal, for those openings in which no cables are installed. The floor grommet of the invention is designed for initial or retrofit installation. Significant economies in the usage of conditioned air are realized when the floor grommets are employed.
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12. A floor grommet for data centers, air conditioned offices, and like structures, where the structures comprise elevated floor surfaces providing under floor space for wiring and serving as a plenum for supplying conditioned air, and where the floor surfaces are provided with openings for directing conditioned air into the space above the floor surfaces and with openings for passing cabling from the under floor space to the space above, said floor grommet comprising
(a) a frame of a size and shape to be received in a cable opening in said floor surface,
(b) said frame forming a lining for guiding and protecting cabling passing through said floor opening,
(c) upper and lower sealing members mounted in said frame,
(d) one of said sealing members being easily displaceable by a cable passing through said opening,
(e) the other of said sealing members serving to position said cable to assist in limiting displacement of said one sealing member by said cable,
(f) said upper and lower sealing members each comprising an opposed pair of sealing elements, and
(g) at least one of said opposed pairs, comprising said at least one of said sealing members, is comprised of a plurality of thin flexible elements.
4. In The combination with of a floor structure and a grommet, where the floor structure comprises an elevated floor surface providing and defines an under-floor space for wiring and serving as defines a plenum for confining and supplying conditioned air under elevated pressure, and where the said elevated floor surface is provided with one or more first openings for directing a flow of conditioned air into the a space above the floor surface and with a cable openings for opening, separate from said one or more first openings, passing cabling from the under floor under-floor space to the space above, a where the floor grommet comprising comprises
(a) a frame of a size and shape to be received in a cable opening in said floor surface, and said frame being disposed in said cable opening,
(b) said frame forming a lining for guiding and protecting cabling passing through said cable opening,
(c) upper and lower sealing members mounted in said frame,
(d) one of said sealing members being easily displaceable by a cable passing through said opening, and
(e) the other of said sealing members being more resistant to displacement by a cable passing through said opening than said one sealing member, and said other sealing member serving to position said cable and to assist in limiting displacement of said one sealing member by said cable.
16. A floor grommet adapted particularly for retrofit installation in data centers, air conditioned offices, and like structures, where the structures comprise elevated floor surfaces providing under floor space for wiring and serving as a plenum for supplying conditioned air, and where the floor surfaces are provided with openings for directing conditioned air into the space above the floor surfaces and with openings for passing cabling from the under floor space to the space above, said floor grommet comprising
(a) a frame of a size and shape to be received in sealed relation with a cable opening in said floor surface,
(b) said frame being formed in two a plurality of parts which, when joined, define an opening of substantially closed configuration substantially lining edges of said cable opening ,
(c) each one of said frame parts mounting a plurality of thin flexible sealing elements, anchored at one end thereof in the frame part and extending in a direction toward similar sealing elements mounted in the an other frame part,
(d) said sealing elements, when said frame parts are joined, closing the opening defined by said frame parts while accommodating the passage of cables or the like service elements through said opening, and
(e) each of said one and said other frame parts each mounting two sets of said thin flexible sealing elements, one above the other and having contact with each other in outer portions of said elements.
1. In The combination with of a floor structure and a floor grommet, where the floor structure comprises an elevated floor surface providing and defines an under-floor space for wiring and serving as defines a plenum for confining and supplying conditioned air under elevated pressure, and where said elevated floor surface is provided with one or more first openings for directing a flow of conditioned air into the a space above the floor surface and with a cable openings for opening, separate from said one or more first openings, passing cabling from the under floor under-floor space to the space above, a and where the floor grommet comprising comprises,
(a) a frame of a size and shape to be received in a said cable opening in said floor surface, and said frame being disposed in said cable opening,
(b) said frame defining a frame opening and forming a lining for guiding and protecting cabling passing through said cable opening,
(c) at least one sealing member mounted in said frame,
(d) said sealing member comprising a large plurality of filamentary elements anchored in cantilever fashion at inner ends thereof in said frame and extending into said frame opening to form a substantial air seal to resist the flow of conditioned air through said frame opening, and
(e) said filamentary elements being individually flexibly displaceable at outer ends thereof to accommodate the presence of said cabling passing through said frame opening.
6. In The combination with of a floor structure and a floor grommet, where the floor structure comprises an elevated floor surface providing and defines an under-floor space for wiring and serving as defines a plenum for confining and supplying conditioned air under elevated pressure, and where the floor surface is provided with one or more first openings for directing a flow of conditioned air into the a space above the floor surfaces surface and with a cable openings for opening, separate from said one or more first openings, passing cabling from the under floor under-floor space to the space above, a where the floor grommet is adapted particularly for retrofit installation, comprising and comprises
(a) a frame of a size and shape to be received in a seal said cable opening in said floor surface, and said frame being disposed in sealed relation to said cable opening,
(b) said frame being formed in two a plurality of parts which, when joined, define an opening of substantially closed configuration substantially lining edges of said cable opening ,
(c) each one of said frame parts mounting a large plurality of thin, flexible, filamentary sealing elements, anchored at one end thereof in the frame part and extending in a direction toward similar filamentary sealing elements mounted in the said one or an other frame part,
(d) said filamentary sealing elements, when said frame parts are joined, closing the opening defined by said frame parts while accommodating the passage of cables or the like through said opening.
7. A floor grommet for data centers, air conditioned offices, and like structures, where the structures comprise elevated floor surfaces providing under floor space for wiring and serving as a plenum for supplying conditioned air, and where the floor surfaces are provided with openings for directing conditioned air into the space above the floor surfaces and with openings for passing cabling from the under floor space to the space above, said floor grommet comprising
(a) a frame of a size and shape to be received in a cable opening in said floor surface,
(b) said frame forming a lining for guiding and protecting cabling passing through said floor opening,
(c) at least one sealing member mounted in said frame,
(d) said sealing member comprising a large plurality of filamentary elements anchored in cantilever fashion at inner ends thereof in said frame and extending into said frame opening to form a substantial air seal to resist the flow of conditioned air through said frame opening,
(e) said filamentary elements being individually flexibly displaceable at outer ends thereof to accommodate the presence of cabling passing through said frame opening,
(f) said frame having first and second opposing sides spaced apart from each other and defining a frame opening of closed configuration,
(g) first and second sealing members mounted in said opposing sides of said frame and extending toward each other,
(h) outer end portions of the respective first and second sealing members meeting between said opposing sides and defining a sealing line,
(i) said cabling passing through said opening adjacent said sealing line, and
(k) (j) said first and second sealing members comprising a large plurality of filamentary elements anchored at one end thereof and with respective free ends thereof extending toward and substantially into contact with each other to form said sealing line, and
(l) (k) third and fourth sealing members mounted in said opposing frame sides, substantially directly underneath said first and second sealing members,
(b) (l) said third and fourth sealing members being mounted at one side thereof in said respective frame sides and being formed of flexible material.
2. The combination according to
(a) said frame has first and second opposing sides spaced apart from each other and defines a frame opening of closed configuration,
(b) said at least one sealing member and a second sealing members member are mounted in said opposing sides of said frame and extend toward each other,
(c) outer end portions of the respective sealing members meeting between said opposing sides and defining a sealing line, and
(d) said cabling passing through said frame opening adjacent said sealing line.
3. The combination according to
(a) said sealing members are both comprised of a large plurality of filamentary elements anchored at one end thereof and with respective free ends thereof extending toward and substantially into contact with each other to form said sealing line.
5. A combination according to
(a) a frame of a size and shape to be received in a cable opening in said floor surface,
(b) said frame forming a lining for guiding and protecting cabling passing through said cable opening,
(c) upper and lower sealing members mounted in said frame,
(d) one of said sealing members being easily displaceable by a cable passing through said opening,
(e) the other of said sealing members serving to position said cable to assist in limiting displacement of said one sealing member by said cable,
(a) (f) said frame is being formed with a recess in an upper, inner portion thereof, and
(b) (g) a cover plate is receivable in said recess to fully close said floor opening.
8. A floor grommet according to
(a) said third and fourth sealing members are formed of flexible filamentary elements anchored at an inner end thereof in said frame and extending toward said sealing line.
9. A floor grommet according to
(a) outer ends of the filamentary elements of said third and fourth sealing members terminate in spaced relation to each other and spaced from said sealing line whereby a cable passing between through said floor grommet will tend to displace filamentary elements of said third and fourth sealing members a lesser amount than filamentary elements of said first and second sealing members.
10. A floor grommet according to
(a) said third and fourth sealing members are formed of non-filamentary flexible material.
11. A floor grommet according to
(a) said third and fourth sealing members are disposed at a convergent angle to said first and second sealing members, and
(b) outer end portions of said third and fourth sealing members contact lower portions of said first and second sealing members.
13. A floor grommet according to
(a) the other of said opposed pair of sealing elements, comprising said other sealing member, is formed of vanes of plastic or rubber material.
14. A floor grommet according to
(a) the other of said opposed pair of sealing elements, comprising said other sealing member, is formed of a plurality of thin flexible elements.
15. A floor grommet according to
(a) wherein said thin flexible elements, of at least one of said opposed pairs of sealing elements, comprises thin, flexible filamentary elements.
0. 17. The combination according to
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Notice: More than one reissue application has been filed for the reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 6,632,999. The reissue applications are applications Ser. No. 11/250,137 (the present application) and Ser. No. 12/616,627, which are divisional reissues of U.S. Pat. No. 6,632,999.
This application claims priority of Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/318,763, filed Sep. 13, 2001.
In certain building and office structures, it is advantageous to supply air conditioning by way of a raised floor structure forming an under floor plenum. By way of openings provided selectively in the flooring elements, the air conditioning flows are controllably directed into the room space or spaces above the floor. Such arrangements are widely employed in data centers, for example, but are also usefully employed to provide air conditioning on a controllable and efficient basis to modern offices.
Computers and related equipment utilized in offices, business, industry, government telecommunications, the internet, data storage facilities, and the like quite commonly are located in great numbers in dedicated buildings or dedicated areas of buildings, in which the equipment is arranged in relatively high density configuration, in racks, for example, for convenient supervision and maintenance. A common practice in connection with such high density data centers is to provide a raised floor structure made up of individual floor tiles supported on a suitable skeletal framework, providing a convenient plenum space underneath for the passage of cooling air and the necessary data and power cables. Suitable cable cut-outs or openings are provided in the floor tiles to accommodate the passage of the power and data cables from the space underneath the floor upward for connection to the computer units within the room above. Typically, large numbers of such cable openings are provided. For example, there may well be as many as sixty cable openings (of a typical size of about 4″×8″) per thousand square feet of floor space.
Because the set up and operation of the computer equipment within a large data center can be very dynamic, in order to accommodate the rapid growth and change within the industries served, it is necessary not only to have relatively large numbers of grommet openings, but also that they be conveniently accessed and used in order to facilitate frequent re-routing of power and data cables.
In the operation of high density data centers, significant heat is generated by the operating units, and it is necessary to provide suitable air conditioning in order to maintain the equipment at a suitable operating temperature. Conventionally, the necessary air conditioning is provided by discharging cool air into the cable space provided below the elevated floor structure. Selected perforated floor tiles, provided with a desired pattern of openings, are appropriately positioned in relation to the operating units, sometimes directly beneath, and sometimes alongside, arranged to discharge cooled air upwardly, where the air may be drawn into the operating units by their internal fans.
The air conditioning of the operating units is complicated significantly by the presence of large numbers of cable openings throughout the floor space. Large quantities of the cool air escape through these large openings into the general ambient of the room, where the cool air cannot be efficiently utilized. The escape of conditioned air through the cable openings can be such as to reduce the static pressure in the cable space underneath the floor from a desired 0.10″ of water, for example, to as little as 0.01″. While this “lost” cooling air does enter the ambient space of the data center, it is not effectively and efficiently available to be drawn into the operating units, and often simply mixes with hot air being discharged from the operating units by their internal cooling fans. The loss of efficiency can be as great as the equivalent of a 20 ton cooling unit for each thousand square feet of computer room floor space.
Some attempts have been made to reduce the loss of conditioned air through floor openings, by stuffing the openings with foam pads, rags, small pillows, etc. These have been haphazard at best and generally of minimal usefulness.
In a similar manner, controlled air conditioning of modern office space is sometimes accomplished by providing the conditioned air via an under floor plenum associated with a swirled diffuser supply system, with selectively located under floor diffusers and floor grates to provide for controlled upward discharge of the conditioned air into the office space. Such arrangements often seek to increase efficiency by providing for a swirling action of the discharged air, a technique that tends to provide for equivalent comfort levels while maintaining the ambient temperature at least slightly higher than otherwise, to achieve greater air conditioning efficiencies. For such systems, uncontrolled leakage of conditioned air through cable openings and the like provided in the flooring can reduce the operating efficiencies of the system, and a need is indicated for efficient means for sealing such openings.
The present invention relates to a novel and improved form of floor grommet for use in large, high density data centers, under floor office air conditioning and the like, which substantially seals off the cable openings around the power and data cables or other elements passing therethrough. There is thus a minimal loss of cooling air through the multiple cable openings and a maximized flow of such air is directed through the intended discharge openings, e.g., adjacent to and/or underneath the operating units, or through special outlets to provide a desired swirling action. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a standard cable opening of 4″×8″ or 5″×8″ dimensions is “sealed” by a plurality of thin filamentary elements extending from opposite sides of a grommet frame and meeting in the central area of the grommet opening. The density of these filamentary elements is such that power and data cables may be easily threaded through the grommet opening by displacement of the elements, which then largely close around the cables to minimize any opening for the escape of conditioned air. To a particular advantage, the filamentary elements may be provided by brush-like bristle assemblies, formed of relatively fine bristles of materials such as nylon, polypropylene or natural horsehair.
In a particularly advantageous form of the invention, a plurality of layers of the bristle assemblies of different lengths and configurations are provided within a grommet frame. A first layer of opposed bristles extends from one side of the grommet frame, meeting in the center of the grommet opening. A second layer of bristles is disposed directly below the first, and advantageously consists of bristles of a somewhat shorter length which do not extend completely to the center of the grommet opening. Advantageously, the two levels of bristles are disposed so that the shorter bristles and the longer bristles are in contact in their outer areas.
For a more complete understanding of the above and other features and advantages of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of preferred embodiment to the invention and to the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to the drawings, the reference numeral 20 (FIG. 1), designates generally a typical floor tile utilized in raised floor installations. Known constructions of such raised floor structures are made available commercially by, for example, Tate Access Floors, Inc., Norwood, Mass. The individual floor tiles 20, typically flat on their upper surfaces, are formed with supporting structure 21 on their undersurfaces. The individual floor tiles may be supported by a grid structure engaging undersurfaces of the tiles at their edges, typically with supporting posts (not shown) supporting the grid structure at an elevated level from the base floor (not shown) of the enclosing structure. The particular type and style of raised floor structure does not form a part of this invention, and the description of such raised floor structures is simply to illustrate the environment in which the floor grommet system of the invention is employed.
In a typical installation, the floor tiles 20 may be approximately 2 feet square, and the entire elevated floor is made up of these tiles arranged edge to edge. Floor tiles and supporting structure have adequate strength to support all the necessary computer or office equipment, personnel, etc., typically involved in high density data centers, office buildings, and the like.
In the illustration of
Pursuant to the present invention, the cable openings 22 are nominally closed by means of floor grommet assemblies 23, which are designed to be received in the cable openings and hence serve both to dress the opening and protect the cables from sharp edges, and also to effectively seal the openings against significant airflow. At the same time, the floor grommet units of the invention allow power and data cables to be easily passed through the floor openings and through the grommets, accommodating easy routing and re-routing of such cables as is frequently necessary in an active office data center.
To advantage, the floor grommet 23 of the invention comprises a surrounding frame 24, preferably formed of a structural plastic material, such as polypropylene, compounded to have anti-static characteristics as well as fire-retardant characteristics. The frame 24 has a cross-sectional configuration as reflected in
In the specific illustration of
Immediately surrounding the opening 26, the horizontal flange 25 is formed with an offset to define a rectangular recess 29 adapted to receive a cover plate 30, partially shown in FIG. 5. The cover plate 30 may be employed to completely close the opening 26 when no cables are extending therethrough, so that no air at all escapes through the opening, and the opening may be walked upon as if it were a normal part of the floor tile surface.
Along each of the longer sides of the vertical flanges 27, there are installed multiple channel extrusions 31, advantageously formed of aluminum. The channel forming extrusions are mounted along the inside walls of the vertical flanges 27. Upwardly extending locating ribs 33 are provided along upper edges of the channel forming extrusions and are received in recesses 34 formed in the frame 24. The channel forming extrusions are locked in place by means of screws 35 (
As shown in
The bristle assemblies 40-41 are comprised of backbone structures 42-43 which mount, and from which extend, a mass of fine, flexible filaments or bristles 44-45. To advantage, the bristles may be formed of nylon or polyethylene filaments, for example, having a thickness of 10-20 mils and compounded or treated to have anti-static and flame-retardant characteristics. The individual bristles are closely packed to a thickness of around one-fourth inch.
As evident in
As shown in
When a cable is passed through the grommet opening 26, bristles 44 of the upper bristle assemblies are displaced laterally to accommodate the presence of the cable in the opening. The individual bristles, being mounted in cantilever fashion by the backbone structures 42-43, bend laterally at their outer ends and close together a short distance away from the cable. The displacement of the bristles necessarily leaves a small V-shaped opening between the body of the cable and the point where the bristles merge together. In the grommet structure of the present invention, these small V-shaped openings are greatly minimized by the presence of the lower bristle assemblies 41 will have been displaced to a lesser extent, and in many cases not at all. In the illustration of
It is contemplated that the bristle assemblies may be provided in more than two layers if desired. Likewise, it may be feasible to construct a single composite bristle structure employing tiers of bristles of different lengths. Likewise it may be possible to form at least some of the tiers with materials other than bristles or filaments, for example, panels of material slit to form narrow strips, panels of soft foam material, etc.
Where the grommet of the invention is installed in the center of a floor tile 20, as reflected in
A modified form of the new floor grommet structure, shown in
Each of the frame sections 61-62 mounts a pair of upper and lower bristle sets, of which only the upper sets 71-72 are visible in the drawings. It will be understood, however, that the arrangement of the bristle sets in the device of
A preferred method for installing the retrofit unit of
Desirably, mechanical locking tabs 75, shown in
In a typical retrofit installation, a pre-cut cable opening in the floor tile will have been lined by a plastic floor dressing 80, shown in FIG. 10. Typically, this will include a flange 81 supported on the top surface of the floor tile 82. To accommodate the thickness of the flange 81, the edge margins of the mounting plates 65-66 advantageously are provided with a layer 83 of foam material, with the adhesive being applied to the downwardly facing surface of such material.
The retrofit unit of
The retrofit unit of
In certain instances, it may be desirable to provide the floor grommet with centering guide means, positioned in the lower portions of the grommet, to urge cables passing through the grommet toward the center of the grommet opening such that the cables pass more or less symmetrically between the opposed sets of flexible elements. An advantageous form of such guide means may be resilient plastic or rubber vanes 90, shown in broken lines in FIG. 5. The vanes 90 can be anchored in the lowermost channels 39 of the multi-channel extrusion, extending therefrom to the center of the grommet opening and advantageously substantially meeting edge to edge along the longitudinal center line of the grommet opening. The vanes 90 have sufficient stiffness to urge cables toward a centered position between them. Because of that stiffness, however, the vanes 90 normally will not close effectively around the cables and thus by themselves do not form an effective cable seal. However, that function is taken care of by the bristle assemblies 40-41 as previously described. When no cable is present in the grommet opening, however, the resilient vanes 90 can close tightly at the center and form a complete seal of the grommet opening.
The new floor grommet arrangement provides very important economic and other advantages in the operation of high density data centers and of office buildings in which conditioned air is provided by an under floor plenum arrangement. One such advantage is the significant reduction of required air conditioning capacity to service an area of given heat load. With the new system, the uncontrolled loss of conditioned air through floor openings is reduced to a small fraction of normal experience, which translates directly into decreased capital requirements for air conditioning equipment, as well as to significant reductions in operating cost required to deliver the conditioned air.
Additionally, and importantly, the system of the invention also provides greater assurance that the cooling air provided will be directed to the areas where it is needed and discharged in the manner intended. For data centers, this assures that system outages from localized overheating problems are greatly minimized or eliminated. Among other things, this makes it possible to increase the density of computer equipment installed in a given space. For office buildings using under floor delivery of conditioned air, it becomes practical to operate at a higher overall ambient with equivalent comfort because a higher proportion of the conditioned air is delivered with a swirling effect in the manner intended by the HVAC engineers.
It will be understood, of course, that the invention is not limited to the specific structures illustrated and described and that the inventive concepts expressed herein can be incorporated into other embodiments.
Sullivan, Robert, Sempliner, Arthur T., Brill, Jonathan, Brill, Kenneth, Pitt Turner, IV, William
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