A method of coding a moving picture reduces blocking artifacts. The method includes defining pixel sets S0, S1, S2 around a block boundary, selectively determining a deblocking mode as a default mode or a dc offset mode depending on the degree of blocking artifacts. If the default mode is selected, frequency information is obtained around the block boundary per pixel using a 4-point DCT kernel, for example, a magnitude of a discontinuous component belonging to the block boundary is replaced with a minimum magnitude of discontinuous components belonging to the surroundings of the block boundary in the frequency domain and the replacing step is applied to the spatial domain. If the dc offset mode is selected and a determination is made to perform dc offset mode, the blocking artifacts in a smooth region are removed in the dc offset mode.
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14. A method for removing blocking artifacts in a coding system comprising:
determining at least pixel sets S0, S1, S2 around a block boundary;
selecting one of a default mode and a dc offset mode as a deblocking mode based on an amount of blocking artifacts;
deblocking filtering of pixels adjacent the block boundary if the default mode is selected, and if a magnitude of the blocking artifacts is less than a quantization paragemter qp used in conding a block adjacent to the block boundary; and
removing artifacts in the dc offset mode, if the dc offset mode is selected and a dc offset mode condition is satisfied, wherein the artifacts are removed in the dc offset mode according to the following equation:
if m<1;
vm, if 1≦m≦8;
(|v8−v9|<qp)v9:v8, if m>8;
(|v8−v9|<qp)? v9:v8, if m>8;
{bk: −4≦k≦4}={1,1,2,2,4,2,2,1,1}//16
wherein v0-v9 are boundary pixels, qp is the quanatation quantization parameter of a the block adjacent to the block boundary, and vn is an adjusted pixel value,
wherein bk and pn+k are variables used to calculate the adjusted pixel value vn where n is an integer among 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8,
wherein bk changes according to a value of k where k is one of −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
wherein pn+k is decided according to pm where m=n+k and m is an integer,
wherein Pm is one of boundary pixels values v0 to v9 according to given conditions of (|v1−v0|<qp) and (|v9−v9|<qp) and a value of m.
0. 1. A method for removing blocking artifacts in a coding system of a moving picture comprising the steps of:
determining a plurality of pixel sets around a block boundary;
selecting one of a first mode and a second mode as a deblocking mode based on a degree of blocking artifacts;
performing an analysis, if the first mode is selected, comprising,
obtaining frequency information for each of the plurality of pixel sets,
replacing a magnitude of at least one discontinuous component in the frequency domain of a selected pixel set of the plurality of pixel sets belonging to the block boundary with a magnitude of at least one corresponding discontinuous component belonging to a replacement pixel set of the plurality of pixel sets near the block boundary, and
applying the replaced frequency information of the selected pixel set to the spatial domain to remove the blocking artifacts; and
removing the blocking artifacts in the second mode, if the second mode is selected and a second mode condition is satisfied.
0. 2. The method as claimed in
0. 3. The method of
0. 4. The method as claimed in
mode decision value=φ(v0−v1)+φ(v1−v2)+φ(v2−v3)+φ(v3−v4)+φ(v4−v5)+φ(v5−v1)+φ(v7−v8)+φ(v8−v9), wherein φ(γ)=1 when |γ|≦ a second threshold value and φ(γ)=0 otherwise, and wherein v0-v9 are boundary pixel values.
0. 5. The method as claimed in
0. 6. The method as claimed in
0. 7. The method as claimed in
v4′=v4−d
v5′=v5+d
d=CLIP(c2.(a3,0′−a3,0)//c3,0,(v4−v5)/2)*δ(|a3,0|<qp
a3,0′=SIGN(a3,0)*MIN(|a3,0|,|a3,1|,|a3,2|)
a3,0=([c1−c2 c2−c1]*[v3v4v5v6]T)//c3
a3,1=([c1−c2 c2−c1]*[v1v2v3v4]T)//c3
a3,2=([c1−c2 c2−c1]*[v5v6v7v8]T)//c3,
where qp is the quantization parameter of the block containing the pixel v5, values c1, c2, c3 are kernel constants used in a DCT, and values of a3,0, a3,1, a3,2 are the discontinuous component in each of the plurality of pixel sets, respectively.
0. 8. The method as claimed in
0. 9. The method as claimed in
0. 10. The method as claimed in
0. 11. The method of
if m<1;
vm, if 1≦m≦8;
(|v8−v9|<qp) v9:v8, if m>8;
{bk: −4≦k≦4}={1,1,2,2,4,2,2,1,1}//16,
where v0-v9 are boundary pixels, qp is the quantization parameter of a block adjacent the block boundary, and vn is an adjusted pixel value.
0. 12. The method of
0. 13. The method of
15. The method of
obtaining frequency information for each of the plurality of pixel sets S0, S1, S2;
replacing a magnitude of at least one discontinuous component in the frequency domain of a selected pixel set S0 of the plurality of pixel sets belonging to the block boundary with a magnitude of at least one corresponding discontinuous component belonging to a replacement pixel set S1, S2 of the plurality of pixel sets near the block boundary; and
applying the replaced frequency information of the selected pixel set S0 to the spatial domain to remove the blocking artifacts.
16. The method of
mode decision value=φ(v0−v1)+φ(v1−v2)+φ(v2−v3)+φ(v3−v4)+φ(v4−v5)+φ(v5−v1)+φ(v7−v8)+φ(v8−v9), wherein φ(γ)=1 when |γ|≦a second threshold value and φ(γ)=0 otherwise, and
wherein v0−v9 are boundary pixel values, and
wherein φ(γ) is a function generating 1 or 0 according to |γ| and γ is a variable denoting a result of substraction of two given boundary pixel values.
17. The method of
18. The method of
v4′=v4−d
v5′=v5+d
d=CLIP(c2.(a3,0′−a3,0)//c3,0,(v4−v5)/2)*δ(|a3,0|<qp
d=CLIP(c2.(a2,0′−a3,0)//c3,0,(v4−v5)/2)*δ(|a3,0|<qp)
a3,0′=SIGN(a3,0)*MIN(|a3,0|,|a3,1|,|a3,2|)
a3,0=([c1−c2 c2−c1]*[v3v4v5v6]T)//c3
a3,1=([c1−c2 c2−c1]*[v1v2v3v4]T)//c3
a3,2=([c1−c2 c2−c1]*[v5v6v7v8]T)//c3,
where qp is the quantization parameter of the block containing the pixel v5, values c1, c2, c3 are kernel constants used in a 4-point DCT, and values of a3,0, a3,1, a3,2 are based on a simple inner product of the DCT kernel and the selected pixel set S0, a first pixel set S1 and the second pixel set S2, and
wherein a3,0, a3,1, and a3,2 represent DCT coefficients of corresponding pixel sets,
wherein d is a variable used to calculate v4′ and v5′ and denotes a result of a function CLIP (x, p, q) where x, p, and q are integers,
wherein the function CLIP (x, p, q) clips x to a value between p and q,
wherein δ(condition) is a function generating 1 if the “condition” is ture and generating 0 if the “condition” is not ture,
wherein T denotes a transpose of vector matrix, and
wherein v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, and v8 denote boundary pixel values.
19. The method of
0. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
dividing a picture into blocks that each include multiple pixels, wherein the pixels of a first block are separated from pixels of a neighboring second block by the block boundary; and
obtaining frequency information for a neighboring second pixel of the second block,
wherein deblocking filtering of the pixels adjacent the block boundary further comprises adjusting a first pixel of the first block based upon the neighboring second pixel if the magnitude of the blocking artifacts is less than a quantization parameter of the second block.
0. 21. The method of claim 20,
wherein adjusting the first pixel further comprises replacing a pixel value v3 of the first pixel with a value v3′,
wherein the value v3′ is expressed as:
v3′=v3−d,
wherein d is expressed as:
d=CLIP(c2(a3,0′−a3,0)//c3,0(v2−v4)/2)*δ(|a3,0|<qp),
wherein a3,0′ is expressed as:
a3,0′=SIGN(a3,0)*MIN(|a3,0|,|a3,1|,|a3,2|),
wherein qp represents a quantization paramter of the second block, c2, and c3 represent DCT kernel coefficients, and v4 represents a pixel value of the neighboring second pixel,
wherein a3,0, a3,1, and a3,2 represent DCT coefficients of corresponding pixel sets,
wherein d is a variable used to calculate v3′ and denotes a result of a function CLIP (x, p, q) where x, p, and q are integers,
wherein the function CLIP (x, p, q) clips x to a value between p and q, and
wherein δ(condition) is a function generating 1 if the “condition” is ture and generating 0 if the “condition” is not ture.
0. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein δ(|a3,0|<qp)=1 if |a3,0|<qp, and wherein δ(|a3,0|<qp)=0 if |a3,0|≧QP.
0. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein c2 is an interger and c3 is a multiple of 2.
0. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein c2=5 and c3=8.
0. 25. The method of claim 20, further comprising applying the adjusting operation to a spatial domain of the first pixel.
0. 26. The method of claim 20, wherein the block boundary is a vertical or horizontal block boundary.
0. 27. The method of claim 20, further comprising adjusting the neighboring second pixel based upon frequency information of the first pixel.
0. 28. The method of claim 20, wherein a magnitude of the adjusting operation is constrained to be no greater than half of the difference between a value of the first pixel and a value of the second pixel, using a clipping function.
0. 29. The method of claim 20, wherein a magnitude of the adjusting operation is based upon a minimum magnitude of frequency information of the first and second pixels.
0. 30. The method of claim 20, wherein a magnitude of the adiusting operation is based upon frequency information of the first pixel and the neighboring second pixel.
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(|v8−v9|<QP) v9:v8, if m>8;
If the mode decision value eq_cnt≧THR2(i.e., a second threshold value), the DC offset mode is applied. In the remaining cases, default mode is applied.
A method for removing the blocking artifacts to code a moving picture at low-rate-bit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
In step 402S, the mode decision value (e.g., eq_cnt) is determined and control continues to step 403S. In step 403S, the mode decision value is compared with a decision value (e.g., a second threshold value THR2 preferably set by a user) to perform deblocking filtering process by selecting the mode depending on the degree of the blocking artifacts in the picture.
If the determination in step 403S is negative, control continues to step 404S where the default mode is set. From step 404S, control continues to step 405S where frequency information around the block boundary on each of the pixel is determined, for example, using the 4-point DCT kernel. From step 405S, control continues to step 406S.
In step 406S, the magnitude of the discontinuous component belonging to the block boundary is replaced with the minimum magnitude of the discontinuous components belonging to the surroundings of the block boundary in the frequency domain. This adjusting operation is applied to the spatial domain. That is, the magnitude of the discontinuous component belonging to the block boundary is replaced with the minimum magnitude of the discontinuous components belonging to the surroundings of the block boundary in the spatial domain.
In the default mode of the preferred embodiment, the blocking artifacts are removed in step 406S using the method as described below:
If the determination in step 403S is affirmative, control continues to step 407S where the DC offset mode is set to remove the blocking artifacts. From step 407S, control continues to step 408S where the minimum and maximum data values (min, max) are determined. From step 408S, control continues to step 409S where a determination is made to remove the blocking artifacts in the default mode. If the determination in step 409S is negative, the process ends. If the determination in step 409S is affirmative, control continues to step 410S.
In the DC offset mode according to the preferred embodiment, in step 410S, the blocking artifacts are removed using the following algorithm.
The maximum data value and the minimum data value in the block boundary pixels are obtained in step 408S. Then, if the absolute value of the maximum data value minus the minimum data value is smaller than 2QP (i.e., if deblocking is required), the blocking artifacts in the smooth region are removed by the DC offset mode in steps 409S and 410S.
From step 406S and 410S, control continues to step 411S. If the deblocking filtering process around the horizontal block boundary is completed, the deblocking filtering process around the vertical block boundary is performed in step 411S. From step 411S, control continues to step 412S.
In step 412S, the deblocking filtering processes around the horizontal and vertical block boundaries repeat over the whole frame. From step 412S, the process ends.
As described above, the method for removing the blocking artifacts according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention has various advantages. The deblocking filtering process is performed using features of the frequency domain so that the blocking artifacts are effectively removed. Further, the blocking artifacts are removed in both the complex and smooth regions. Thus, an excellent image or picture quality is provided. In addition, amount of bits does not increase.
The foregoing embodiments are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The present teaching can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. The description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Kim, Hyun Mun, Ra, Jong Beom, Kim, Sung Deuk, Lee, Young Su
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