Filtering control method for improving image quality of bi-linear interpolated image

Abstract

The present invention relates to an interpolation method for enlarging a digital image or predicting a moving vector of a compressed image system as a sub-pixel unit when the image digitized through a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera ect. has a low resolution in a video phone or video conference or general digital video system, particularly the present invention can be adapted to a post processor of a compressed digital image in order to improve the image quality, and can be used for finding a moving vector of a moving picture compressed type, accordingly the present invention is capable of improving the image quality.

Description

Herein, the B, H, n are the bi-linear interpolation filters, H is the spatially invariant PSF defining the relation between the original high resolution image and high resolution image gotten by the interpolation method, and the n is a noise component generated by the assumed H.

Herein, when the noise component is neglected and a direct inverse is used in order to find the PSF(H), the PSF(H) can be described as below equation 2 in the frequency region.

$\begin{array}{cc}H\left(k,l\right)=\frac{G\left(k,l\right)}{F\left(k,l\right)}.& \left[\mathrm{Equation}2\right]\end{array}$

Herein, the H(k,l) is the component in the k,l frequency region of the PSF(H), the G (k,l) is the component in the k,l frequency region of the bi-linear interpolated image. In addition, the F (k,l) is the component in the k,l frequency region of the high resolution image.

Meanwhile, the high resolution image f to be restored is unknown, the PSF(H) can be gotten from the bi-linear interpolated high resolution image through a statistical processing after performing an under-sample processing of various images as various value.

Herein, the high resolution image is gotten by using the PSF(H) found from the direct inverse. In other words, there is a system stabilization problem because the high resolution image gotten from the PSF(H) by using the direct inverse is overshoot in the region where the k,l have ‘0’ value (in general, high frequency region) in the frequency region, accordingly the regularization image restoration for improving the system stabilization is used to solve the problem.

The regularization image restoration method is used for restoring the image or finding a certain PSF, an added function M(f) for finding the PSF(H) by using the regularization image restoration method can be described as below equation 3.
M(f)=∥g−Hf∥²+α∥Cf∥²  [Equation 3]

Herein, the first term of the right side of Equation 3 illustrates the credibility of the bi-linear interpolated image, the second term of the right side illustrates increase of the stability of the system by providing the mitigation to the restored image.

In addition, the ∥.∥ means a norm, the α is a regularization parameter for determining the credibility and mitigation of the original image. In addition, the C is the two-dimensional high frequency filter for determining the mitigation of the original image, in the present invention a two-dimensional Gaussian filter is used as the C.

When a gradient operator is adapted to Equation 3 in order to get the high resolution image, it can be described as below equation 4.
□_fM(f)=−2H^T(g−Hf)+2αC^TCf=0  [Equation 4]

Herein, the T means a transpose of a matrix.

Meanwhile, conventionally a repetition method is used in order to get the high resolution image and regularization parameter, but it is not suited to the moving picture processing because the method causes lots of computational complexity.

Accordingly, in the present invention, the regularization parameter α is fixed as ‘1’, and the high resolution image f can be found as below equation 5.

$\begin{array}{cc}f=\frac{H^{T}g}{\left(H^{T}H+C^{T}C\right)}=\mathrm{Pg}& \left[\mathrm{Equation}5\right]\end{array}$

When the PSF(P) is found by Equation 5, PSF(P)=H/(H^TH+C^TC) requires the lots of computational complexity for calculating an inverse matrix, however the PSF(P) in Equation 5 is a block-circulant matrix, accordingly it can be easily calculated in the frequency region.

Accordingly, the PSF(P) can be found finally as below Equation 6.

$\begin{array}{cc}P\left(k,l\right)=\frac{H*\left(k,l\right)}{H*\left(k,l\right)H\left(k,l\right)+C*\left(k,l\right)C\left(k,l\right)}& \left[\mathrm{Equation}6\right]\end{array}$

Herein, the ‘*’ the means a complex-conjugate.

The PSF(P) can be found by using an IFT (Inverse Fourier Transform) from Equation 6.

The requested high resolution image f can be found as below Equation 7 by using the found PSF(P) and Equation 1.
f=Pg=PBz=Qz  [Equation 7]

The PSF(P) is the spatially invariant function, the bi-linear interpolation filter B can be easily found by the conventional technology, accordingly the added filter coefficient Q of the PSF(P) and bi-linear interpolation filter B can be found.

Herein, in order to reduce the computational complexity, the number of a kernel of the PSF(P) is set in accordance with the up-sampling value.

When the up-sampling value is 2 in the present invention, the number of the kernel is limited as 3, when the up-sampling value is 3, the number of the kernel is limited as 4.

When the up-sampling value is 2, it can be used in an application segment for enlarging the size of the image as twice at a post processor of the compressed digital image and in finding of a sub-pixel moving vector in a H.263 moving picture compressed method.

In addition, when the up-sampling value is 3, it can be used in using of a ⅓ unit moving vector in a H.26L moving picture compressed method.

Herein, the H.263 and H.26L are moving picture compressed standards presented in the ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication).

As described above, the present invention can be used for improving the image quality at the post processor of the compressed digital image by using the interpolation method for getting the interpolated high resolution image from the low resolution image when the resolution of the digital image lowers due to the low resolution image sensor.

In addition, the interpolation method of the present invention can improve the image quality by finding the moving vector of the moving picture compressed type.

Claims

1. A filtering control method for improving the image quality of a bi-linear interpolated image when recovering a high resolution image from a low resolution image, comprising:

restoring a requested high resolution image f by finding an added filter coefficient Q of a PSF(P) and a bi-linear interpolation filter B from an equation f=Pg=PBz=Qz, wherein f is the high resolution image as requested, P is the PSF (Point Spread Function), g is the high resolution image found by the bi-linear interpolation method, and z is the low resolution image;

wherein the high resolution image f can be restored by performing an added function M(f) definition process for finding the PSF(H) from an equation g=Bz=Hf+n, wherein B, H are bilinear interpolation filters, and n is a noise component generated by the assumed H; and

wherein the added function M(f) is defined as M(f)=∥g−Hf∥²+α∥Cf∥², wherein α is a regularization parameter, and C is a two-dimensional high frequency filter for finding mitigation of the original image.

2. The filtering control method for improving the image quality of the bi-linear interpolated image according to claim 1, wherein the regularization parameter α is fixed as ‘1’ in order to reduce a computational complexity.

3. The filtering control method for improving image quality of the b-linear interpolated image according to claim 1, wherein a two-dimensional gaussian filter is used as the two-dimensional high frequency filer C in order to determine the mitigation of the original image.

4. A filtering control method for improving the image quality of a bi-linear interpolated image when recovering a high resolution image from a low resolution image, comprising:

restoring a requested high resolution image f by finding an added filter coefficient Q of a PSF(P) and a bi-linear interpolation filter B from an equation f=Pg=PBz=Qz, wherein f is the high resolution image as requested, P is the PSF (Point Spread Function), g is the high resolution image found by the bi-linear interpolation method, and z is the low resolution image;

wherein the high resolution image f can be restored by performing an added function M(f) definition process for finding the PSF(H) from an equation g=Bz=Hf+n, wherein B, H are bi-linear interpolation filters, and n is a noise component generated by the assumed H;

wherein the high resolution image f is restored by finding a PSF(P) of a f=Pg function after finding the PSF(H) from the added function M(f); and

wherein the PSF(H) is found by using an equation

5. A filtering control method for improving the image quality of a bi-linear interpolated image when recovering a high resolution image from a low resolution image, comprising:

restoring a requested high resolution image f by finding an added filter coefficient Q of a PSF(P) and a bi-linear interpolation filter B from an equation f=Pg=PBz=Qz, wherein f is the high resolution image as requested, P is the PSF (Point Spread Function), g is the high resolution image found by the bi-linear interpolation method, and z is the low resolution image;

wherein the PSF(P) can be found by getting an IFT (Inverse Fourier Transform) by an equation

6. The filtering control method for improving the image quality of the bi-linear interpolated image according to claim 5, wherein the number of a kernal of the PSF(P) is set in accordance with an up-sampling value of the image.

7. A filtering control method for improving the image quality of a bilinear interpolated image when recovering a high resolution image from a low resolution image, comprising:

defining an added function M(f) for finding a PSF(H) from an equation g=Bz=Hf+n (wherein B, H are bi-linear filters, n is a noise component generated by an assumed H when the H is a PSF (Point Spread Function), f is a requested high resolution image, z is a low resolution image, and g is a high resolution image gotten by the bi-linear interpolation method);

finding a PSF(P) of a f=Pg function after finding the PSF(H) from the defined added function M(f); and

restoring the requested high resolution image f by finding an added filter coefficient Q of the PSF(P) and interpolation filter B from the equation f=Pg=PBZ=Qz;

wherein the added function M(f) is defined as M(f)=∥g−Hf∥²+α∥Cf∥², wherein α is a regularization parameter, and C is a two-dimensional high frequency filter for finding the mitigation of the original image.

8. The filtering control method for improving the image quality a of the bi-linear interpolated image according to claim 7, wherein the regularization parameter α is fixed as ‘1’ in order to reduce a computational complexity.

9. The filtering control method for improving image quality of the bi-linear interpolated image according to claim 7, wherein a two-dimensional gaussian filter is used as the two-dimensional high frequency filter C in order to determine the mitigation of the original image.

10. A filtering control method for improving the image quality of a bilinear interpolated image when recovering a high resolution image from a low resolution image, comprising:

defining an added function M(f) for finding a PSF(H) from an equation g=Bz=Hf+n (wherein B, H are bi-linear filters, n is a noise component generated by an assumed H when the H is a PST (Point Spread Function), f is a requested high resolution image, z is a low resolution image, and g is a high resolution image gotten by the bi-linear interpolation method);

finding a PSF(P) of a f=Pg function after finding the PSF(H) from the defined added function M(f); and

restoring the requested high resolution image f by finding an added filter coefficient Q of the PSF(P) and interpolation filter B from the equation f=Pg=PBZ=Qz;

wherein the PSF(H) is found by an equation

11. A filtering control method for improving the image quality of a bi-linear interpolated image when recovering a high resolution image from a low resolution image, comprising:

defining an added function M(f) for finding a PSF(H) from an equation g=Bz=Hf+n (wherein B, H are bi-linear filters, n is a noise component generated by an assumed H when the H is a PSF (Point Spread Function), f is a requested high resolution image, z is a low resolution image, and g is a high resolution image gotten by the bi-linear interpolation method);

finding a PSF(P) of a f=Pg function after finding the PSF(H) from the defined added function M(f); and

restoring the requested high resolution image f by finding an added filter coefficient Q of the PSF(P) and interpolation filter B from the equation f=Pg=PBZ=Qz;

wherein the PSF(P) is found by using an IFT (Inverse Fourier Transform) by an equation

12. The filtering control method for improving the image quality of the bi-linear interpolated image according to claim 11, wherein the number of a kernal of the PSF(P) is differently set in accordance with an up-sampling value of the image.

13. A method for generating pixel data, the method performed by at least one processor and the method comprising:

generating a set of interpolated pixel data from a set of original pixel data from an original image, wherein interpolated pixel data for a particular pixel is generated by performing operations comprising:

selecting original pixel data,

obtaining at least first and second filter coefficients, the first and second filter coefficients configured to interpolate the original pixel data, and the first filter coefficient comprising weighting factors having at least three at least three individual values;

applying the first filter coefficient to the selected original pixel data to produce first interpolated original pixel data, wherein applying the first filter coefficient to the selected original pixel data comprises:

multiplying each of the weighting factors and the selected original pixel data to produce weighted pixel data;

summing the weighted pixel data to produce the first interpolated pixel data; and

applying the second filter coefficient to the first interpolated original pixel data to produce second interpolated pixel data; and

generating the pixel data by performing a bit operation on the second interpolated pixel data.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the second filter coefficient is a matrix including one or more individual numeric values.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first filter coefficient is a point spread function (P) and the second filter coefficient is a bi-linear interpolation filter (B).

16. The method of claim 13, wherein:

the first filter coefficient includes at least three different coefficient values, and

generating the interpolated pixel data comprises dividing second interpolated pixel data by a sum of the at least three different coefficient values.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the first filter coefficient and the second filter coefficient comprise at least one integer value.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the first filter coefficient and the second filter coefficient are one.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein the second filter coefficient is one.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the bit operation comprises a bit shift operation.

21. The method of claim 13, wherein the original image is obtained from a low-resolution imaging system.

22. The method of claim 13, wherein the original image is obtained from video data configured to represent motion.

23. A digital video system comprising:

a low-resolution imaging system configured to capture an original image; and

a processor configured to generate an interpolated image from the original image and to obtain interpolated pixel data for the interpolated image from original pixel data from the original image, wherein the interpolated pixel data for a particular pixel of the interpolated image is generated by performing operations comprising:

selecting original pixel data for the interpolated image,

obtaining at least first and second filter coefficients, the first and second filter coefficients configured to interpolate the original pixel data, and the first filter coefficient comprising weighting factors having at least three at least three individual values,

applying the first filter coefficient to the selected original pixel data to produce first interpolated original pixel data, wherein applying the first filter coefficient to the selected original pixel data comprises:

multiplying each of the weighting factors and the selected original pixel data to produce weighted pixel data;

summing the weighted pixel data to produce the first interpolated pixel data;

applying the second filter coefficient to the first interpolated original pixel data to produce second interpolated pixel data, and

generating the interpolated image by performing a bit operation to the second interpolated pixel data.