A method and apparatus for computer-assisted project analysis. Planned values for successive times for each of a plurality of parameters are stored in a database. Another database receives measured values of the parameters at the successive times. A statistical analysis including comparison, correlation and differentiation functions generate a set of output functions that then are displayed to assist in the analysis of the project.
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0. 13. An article of manufacture including a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, execution of which by a computing device causes the computing device to perform operations comprising:
storing a predetermined list of different types of project parameters and planned values for successive times, said project parameters and planned values related to at least one of lines of code, product requirements, and staff requirements;
storing measured values of each of the project parameters measured at successive times;
statistically analyzing the measured values of the project parameters and the corresponding values of the predetermined project parameters thereby to identify a set of output functions including generating at least one correlation for one pair of project parameters on the predetermined list and generating variances of the measured value from the planned value for each parameter over time; and
displaying each output function including each correlation as information from which an evaluation of the project progress may be obtained.
1. A method for analyzing, in a processing apparatus, the progress of a project against with respect to a plurality of predetermined project parameters comprisingthe steps of:
storing in the processing apparatus for a predetermined list of parameters and planned values for successive times, said project parameters and planned values related to at least one of lines of code, product requirements, and staff requirements;
storing in the processing apparatus measured values of each of the project parameters measured at successive times;
statistically analyzing in the processing apparatus the measured values of the project parameters and the corresponding values of the predetermined project parameters thereby to identify a set of output functions including generating at least one correlation for one pair of project parameters on the predetermined list and generating variances of the measured value from the planned value for each parameter over time; and
displaying each output function including each correlation as information from which an evaluation of the project progress may be obtained.
7. apparatus of for analyzing the progress of a project against with respect to a plurality of parameters comprising:
first storage means for storing, for a predetermined list of different types of project parameters and planned values for successive times, and said project parameters and planned values related to at least one of lines of code, product requirements, and staff requirements;
second storage means for storing measured values of the different types of project parameters measured at successive times;
means for statistically analyzing the measured values in said second storage means and the corresponding planned project parameter values from said first storage means thereby to identify a set of output functions, said analyzing means including means for generating for at least one correlation output function that is a correlation between at least one pair of the different project parameters and means for generating variances of the measured value from the planned value for each parameter over time; and
means for displaying each output function icnluding including each correlation as information from which an evaluation of the project progress may be obtained.
0. 17. An apparatus configured to analyze progress of a project with respect to a plurality of parameters comprising:
a database device configured to store:
a predetermined list of different types of project parameters and planned values for successive times, said project parameters and planned values related to at least one of lines of code, product requirements, and staff requirements, and
measured values of the different types of project parameters measured at successive times;
an analysis device configured to statistically analyze the measured values in said database device and the corresponding planned project parameter values from said database device thereby to identify a set of output functions, wherein the analysis device is configured to generate at least one correlation output function that is a correlation between at least one pair of the different project parameters and wherein the analysis device includes means for generating variances of the measured value from the planned value for each parameter over time; and
a display device configured to display each output function including each correlation as information from which an evaluation of the project progress may be obtained.
2. A method as recited in
0. 3. A method as recited in
0. 4. A method as recited in claim wherein said statistical analysis additionally generates rates of change for the measured values of each parameter over time.
5. A method as recited in
6. A method as recited in
monitoring the stored values; and
automatically activating said analysis in response to the existence of an adequate accumulation of stored values.
8. apparatus as recited in
0. 9. apparatus as recited in
0. 10. apparatus as recited in
11. apparatus as recited in
12. apparatus as recited in
means for monitoring the stored values; and
means for automatically activating said analysis means in response to the existence of an adequate accumulation of stored values.
0. 14. The article of manufacture as recited in claim 13, wherein said statistically analyzing comprises generating rates of change for the measured values of each parameter over time.
0. 15. The article of manufacture as recited in claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
initiating the analyzing under external control.
0. 16. The article of manufacture as recited in claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
monitoring the stored values; and automatically activating said analysis in response to the existence of an adequate accumulation of stored values.
0. 18. The apparatus as recited in claim 17, wherein the analysis device is further configured to generate rates of change for the measured values of each parameter over time.
0. 19. The apparatus as recited in claim 17, wherein the analysis device is initiated in response to an external control.
0. 20. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 additionally comprising:
a monitoring device configured to monitor the stored values, wherein the analysis device is configured to be activated in response to an adequate accumulation of stored values.
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The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
(1) Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to computer-assisted project management and more specifically to a method and system for tracking and identifying trends in a project.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
The accurate identification of project trends is extremely important in determining whether a particular project is on schedule and will remain on schedule. Typically a project manager, system analyst, or like individual, selects certain parameters, or metrics, relevant to a project. In complicated projects the number of possible parameters are so large that an individual generally identities a manageable subset of parameters and then determines variances, correlations and the like of the parameters in the subset manually. Consequently an individual may overlook particularly important parameters. Moreover, the evaluation process is very subjective and different analysts may analyze the same project using different parameters and arrive at different conclusions. Thus, it is possible even for an experienced analyst to overlook certain parameters that might, if they were analyzed individually or in combination with other parameters, provide a conclusion on the basis of a prediction of risk that otherwise would not be identified.
Computers have been used in the field of project management, but their use is usually limited to some specific areas or tasks. For example, United States Letters Patent, 5,229,948 (1993) to Wei et al. discloses a method of optimizing a serial manufacturing system. This method provides a quantitative state-space model of a serial manufacturing system that describes the processing in terms of sensitivity information and performance in terms of part production and storage/retrieval. The method additionally senses new sensitivity information that results from stimulating the manufacturing system with a model using estimate system performance information and adjusting the performance information iteratively by using new sensitivity information in an optimization algorithm to provide an adjustment simultaneously with the simulation.
United States Letters Patent No. 5,452,218 (1995) to Tucker et al. discloses a systems and method for determining quality analysis on fabrication and/or assembly design using shop capability data. Capability data is collected and stored in a database accessible to all users. A worksheet is used to model a manufactured product using process capability data retrieved from the database. The system displays the defects and totals them according to predetermined criteria to produce a measure of quality.
United States Letters Patent No. 5,523,960 (1996) to Jeong discloses a method for evaluating assembly sequences. The method includes the steps of designing an assembly composed of a plurality of parts, preparing a component relation diagram indicating the joint relation between the plurality of parts, reducing assembly sequences containing infeasible subassemblies by computing weights of all the subassemblies of the respective processes and evaluating the feasible assembly sequences obtained through a function that incorporates data concerning weghting, cast of part joining, tool changes criteria and other criteria.
United States Letters Patent No. 5,615,138 (1997) to Tanaka et al. discloses a method for establishing the working mantime in a production line. This method includes numerically evaluating the work volume for a work station performed in each production process and representing the numeralized work volume as a normal work mantime. A numerical evaluation of the fatigue extent of each fatigue task as fatigue score is added to the normal work mantime. The fatigue score is also assigned a fatigue recovery mantime and the normal work mantime, which included the fatigue recovery mantime, is leveled as uniform thereby establishing a new production process which includes level fatigue mantime.
United States Letters Patent No. 5,692,125 (1997) to Schloss et al. discloses a system and method for scheduling linked events with fixed and dynamic conditions. Events are also checked at one or more times between a scheduling time and a performance time. During this check, certain dynamic conditions associated with events are checked to determine whether dynamic conditions are satisfied. If they are, the events are confirmed for performance. If one or more dynamic conditions are not satisfied, the events are modified. Events can be modified by canceling, altering or postponing. When an event is modified, a notification is transmitted and modification may cause one or more subsequent events to be modified.
Each of the foregoing references discloses a system directed to a particular narrow aspect of project management such as quality and timing. None suggest any method or apparatus for providing quantitative data that can be used to evaluate overall project performance and the steps to be taken to maintain performance. Moreover, each of these methods responds only to limited subsets of data so the data being used is not comprehensive with respect to an entire project.
Therefore it is an object of this invention to provide a computer-assisted method and system for analyzing and evaluating the overall state of a project.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a computer-assisted method and system for providing a comprehensive analysis of the progress of a project.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a computer-assisted method and system for providing quantitative measurements useful in managing a project.
In accordance with this invention, the progress of a project against a plurality of predetermined project parameters includes storing, in a computer processing apparatus, a predetermined list of parameters and planned values for those parameters at predetermined successive intervals. Measured values of each parameter at those intervals are also stored in the apparatus. A statistical analysis conducted in the computer processing apparatus, based upon the measured values and the corresponding planned values, identifies a set of output functions that can be displayed as information from which an evaluation of the project process may be obtained.
The appended claims particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter of this invention. The various objects, advantages and novel features of this invention will be more fully apparent from a reading of the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like parts, and in which:
A computer-based system 10 constructed in accordance with this invention includes modules that are depicted functionally in
At each sampling time during the duration of the input, device 16 enables actual data to be loaded periodically into an actual data store 18 with a corresponding sampling time. Typically the actual data will be stored as absolute, as opposed to incremental, numbers.
When it is desired to analyze a project, an operator initiates a statistical analysis subsystem 20 that includes, in this particular embodiment, a comparator module 22, a correlator module 24 and a differentiator module 26. Specific functions of each of these modules are described later. An output 28 integrates and stores the output from each of the modules for each sampling time and provides data for a display 30 from which a system analyst identifies various trends in the project.
The operation of system 10 in
Referring also to
Once this process, as shown by step 34 in
Still referring to
When all of the data underlying the graphs depicted in
In step 62 of
At step 70 in
At step 78 of
It will be apparent that these three parameters have been particularly chosen as a subset of parameters to minimize the explanation of an embodiment of this invention. In actual practice the number of parameters would be greatly increased. As the number increases, the correlator module 24 will be helpful in determining those parameters that are more reliable. The comparator and differentiator modules 22 and 26 then can provide additional information concerning those reliable parameters. Other parameters that might be collected for analysis purposes include the number of system or product defects discovered during testing, the number of design components, costs, labor hours, problem reports and others.
In accordance with this invention, the significant time requirements for analyzing even a small subset of parameters under conventional approaches are eliminated. An individual will have more time to analyze the output data to observe trends that may indicate potential program risks and to anticipate risks based upon the data provided by this invention. Furthermore by selecting a wide set of parameters that are easily monitored, it is also possible to provide a higher level of comprehensiveness and standardization of the analytical process and a quantitative assessment of the data.
Although a system constructed in accordance with this invention will comprise the comparator module 22, correlator module 24 and differentiator module 26, still other modules could be added to the analysis system. For example, if parameters involving frequency information are available, a spectrum analysis module could be added to the statistical analysis module 20 of
Consequently, while this invention has been disclosed in terms of certain embodiments, it will be apparent that many modifications can be made to the disclosed apparatus without departing from the invention. Therefore, it is the intent of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
Higgins, Robert C., Thorpe, Steven W.
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