concentrated phosphorus fertilizers are disclosed that comprise a buffered composition of an organic acid and salts thereof and a phosphorous-containing acid and salts thereof. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizers can be diluted with water of ph ranging from about 6.5 to about 8.5 at ratios of concentrate to water at about 1:40 to about 1:600 to result in a fertilizer having a ph in the range acceptable for foliar uptake of phosphorus.
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0. 323. A phosphorus fertilizer buffer concentrate comprising a dry blend mixture of: (i) a salt of a phosphorous acid; and (ii) an organic acid.
0. 331. A phosphorus fertilizer buffer concentrate comprising a dry blend mixture of: (i) a salt of a phosphorous acid and (ii) a salt of an organic acid.
0. 316. A phosphorus fertilizer buffer concentrate comprising a salt of a phosphorous acid and a salt of an organic acid, wherein said buffer concentrate is in a solid form.
0. 308. A phosphorus fertilizer buffer concentrate comprising: (i) a salt of a phosphorous acid; and (ii) an organic acid, wherein said buffer concentrate is in a solid form.
0. 286. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer for irrigation application, wherein said phosphorus analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered, has a ph of less than about 2.5, and is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
158. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer for irrigation application, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered, has a ph of less than about 2.5, analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater, and is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater.
198. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer for irrigation application, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered, has a ph of less than about 2.5, and is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source and an organic acid source,
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
0. 252. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer, wherein said phosphorus analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and is prepared by a process comprising:
dissolving a phosphorous source in water,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
0. 201. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer, wherein said phosphorus analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
1. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater
wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater.
124. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater
wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
dissolving a phosphorous source in water,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater.
0. 227. A concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer comprising a phosphorous source, such that when said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is buffered and wherein said phosphorus analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater,
wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer.
67. A concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer comprising a phosphorous source, such that when said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake and wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater
wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater.
180. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered
wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source and an organic acid source,
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
195. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered
wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
dissolving an organic acid source and a phosphorous source in water,
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
189. A concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer comprising a phosphorous source, such that when said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake and wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is buffered
wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source and an organic acid source
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;
thereby forming said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer.
92. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of H3PO3, H4P2O5, H3P2O5−, H2P2O52−, HPO32−, H2PO3−, H2PO2− and combinations thereof, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater
wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
dissolving a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid in water,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater.
27. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a multiply buffered composition, such that when said multiply buffered composition concentrated phosphorous fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater
wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a first buffer system and a second buffer system, wherein said first buffer system comprises a phosphorous source and wherein said second buffer system comprises a member selected from the group consisting of an organic acid, a salt of an organic acid and combinations thereof,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater.
192. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of H3PO3, H4P2O5, H3P2O5−, H2P2O52−, HPO32−, H2PO3−, H2PO2− and combinations thereof, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered
wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
dissolving an organic acid source and a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid in water,
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
183. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a multiply buffered composition, such that when said multiply buffered composition concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered
wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a first buffer system and a second buffer system, wherein said first buffer system comprises a phosphorous source and wherein said second buffer system comprises a member selected from the group consisting of an organic acid, a salt of an organic acid and combinations thereof,
wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof;
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
43. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of H3PO3, H4P2O5, H3P2O5−, H2P2O52−, HPO32−, H2PO3−, H2PO2− and combinations thereof, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater
wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H3PO3, H4P2O5, H3P2O5−, H2P2O52−, HPO32−, H2PO3−, H2PO2− and combinations thereof,
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater.
186. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of H3PO3, H4P2O5, H3P2O5−, H2P2O52−, HPO32−, H2PO3−, H2PO2− and combinations thereof, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a ph as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable ph for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered
wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:
mixing a base and a phosphorous source and an organic acid source, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H3PO3, H4P2O5, H3P2O5−, H2P2O52−, HPO32−, H2PO3−, H2PO2− and combinations thereof, and
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;
thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
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51. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to
52. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43 51, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
53. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43 51, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
54. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43 51, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
55. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to
56. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 45 55, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
57. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 45 55, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
58. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 45 55, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
59. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to
60. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to
61. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to
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63. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to
64. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to
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68. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to
69. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to
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179. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to
181. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.
182. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.
184. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cisaconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid and combinations thereof.
187. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.
188. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.
190. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.
191. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.
193. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.
194. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.
196. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.
197. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.
199. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.
200. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of
wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.
0. 202. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 201, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous-containing acid, a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid, and combinations thereof.
0. 203. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 201, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 204. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 201, wherein the quantity of said phosphorous source is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 205. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 202, wherein said phosphorous-containing acid is a member selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polphosphorous acid, polyhypophosphorous acid and combinations thereof.
0. 206. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 201, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a ph of about 5.0 to about 7.0.
0. 207. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 206, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a ph of about 5.5 to about 6.5.
0. 208. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 201, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is essentially clear and devoid of precipitate.
0. 209. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 201, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.
0. 210. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 201, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H3PO3, H4P2O5, H3P2O5−, H2P2O52−, HPO32−, H2PO3−, H2PO2− and combinations thereof.
0. 211. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 201, further comprising an organic acid.
0. 212. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 211, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 213. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 211, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 214. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 211, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 215. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 204, further comprising an organic acid.
0. 216. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 215, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 217. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 215, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 218. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 215, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 219. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 201, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising: mixing said base, said phosphorous source, and an organic acid, thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
0. 220. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 219, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 221. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 219, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 222. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 219, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 223. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 204, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising: mixing said base, said phosphorous source, and an organic acid, thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
0. 224. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 223, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 225. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 223, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 226. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 223, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 228. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 227, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous-containing acid, a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid, and combinations thereof.
0. 229. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 227, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 230. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 227, wherein the quantity of said phosphorous source is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 231. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 227, wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer has a ph of about 5.0 to about 7.0.
0. 232. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 231, wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer has a ph of about 5.5 to about 6.5.
0. 233. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 227, wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is essentially clear and devoid of precipitate.
0. 234. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 227, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.
0. 235. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 227, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H3PO3, H4P2O5, H3P2O5−, H2P2O52−, HPO32−, H2PO3−, H2PO2− and combinations thereof.
0. 236. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 227, further comprising an organic acid.
0. 237. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 236, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 238. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 236, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 239. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 236, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 240. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 230, further comprising an organic acid.
0. 241. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 240, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 242. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 240, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 243. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 240, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 244. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 227, wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising mixing said base, said phosphorous source and an organic acid, thereby forming said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer.
0. 245. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 244, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 246. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 244, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 247. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 244, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 248. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 230, wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising: mixing said base, said phosphorous source and an organic acid, thereby forming said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer.
0. 249. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 248, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 250. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 248, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 251. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 248, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 253. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 252, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous-containing acid, a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid, and combinations thereof.
0. 254. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 252, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 255. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 252, wherein the quantity of said phosphorous source is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 256. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 253, wherein said phosphorous-containing acid is a member selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphorous acid, polyhypophosphorous acid and combinations thereof.
0. 257. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 252, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a ph of about 5.0 to about 7.0.
0. 258. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 257, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a ph of about 5.5 to about 6.5.
0. 259. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 252, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is essentially clear and devoid of precipitate.
0. 260. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 252, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.
0. 261. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 252, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H3PO3, H4P2O5, H3P2O5−, H2P2O52−, HPO32−, H2PO3−, H2PO2− and combinations thereof.
0. 262. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 252, further comprising an organic acid.
0. 263. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 262, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 264. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 262, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 265. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 262, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 266. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 254, further comprising an organic acid.
0. 267. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 266, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 268. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 266, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 269. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 266, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 270. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 255, further comprising an organic acid.
0. 271. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 270, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 272. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 270, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 273. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 270, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 274. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 252, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising: dissolving said phosphorous source in water with an organic acid, thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
0. 275. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 274, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 276. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 274, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 277. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 274, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 278. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 254, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising: dissolving said phosphorous source in water with an organic acid, thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
0. 279. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 278, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 280. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 278, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 281. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 278, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 282. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 255, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising: dissolving said phosphorous source in water with an organic acid, thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
0. 283. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 282, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 284. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 282, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 285. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 282, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 287. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 286, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous-containing acid, a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid, and combinations thereof.
0. 288. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 286, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 289. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 286, wherein the quantity of said phosphorous source is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P2O5 to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 290. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 287, wherein said phosphorous-containing acid is a member selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphorous acid, polyhypophosphorous acid and combinations thereof.
0. 291. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 286, wherein said ph is less than about 1.5.
0. 292. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 286, further comprising an organic acid.
0. 293. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 292, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 294. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 292, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 295. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 292, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 296. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 289, further comprising an organic acid.
0. 297. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 296, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 298. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 297, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 299. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 298, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 300. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 286, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising: mixing said base, said phosphorous source, and an organic acid, thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
0. 301. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 300, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 302. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 300, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 303. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 300, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 304. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 289, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising: mixing said base, said phosphorous source, and an organic acid, thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.
0. 305. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 304, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.
0. 306. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 304, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α-ketoglutaric acid.
0. 307. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 304, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 309. The buffer concentrate according to claim 308, wherein phosphorus in said buffer concentrate is present in an amount equivalent to about 0.30 kg/L or greater P2O5.
0. 310. The buffer concentrate according to claim 308, wherein phosphorus in said buffer concentrate is present in an amount equivalent to from about 0.30 kg/L to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 311. The buffer concentrate according to claim 308, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid and combinations thereof.
0. 312. The buffer concentrate according to claim 311, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 313. The buffer concentrate according to claim 308, wherein said organic acid is a vitamin acid.
0. 314. The buffer concentrate according to claim 313, wherein said vitamin acid is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid and folic acid.
0. 315. The buffer concentrate according to claim 308, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.
0. 317. The buffer concentrate according to claim 316, wherein phosphorus in said buffer concentrate is present in an amount equivalent to about 0.30 kg/L or greater P2O5.
0. 318. The buffer concentrate according to claim 316, wherein phosphorus in said buffer concentrate is present in an amount equivalent to from about 0.30 kg/L to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 319. The buffer concentrate according to claim 316, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof.
0. 320. The buffer concentrate according to claim 316, wherein said salt of an organic acid is citrate.
0. 321. The buffer concentrate according to claim 316, wherein said organic acid is a vitamin acid.
0. 322. The buffer concentrate according to claim 321, wherein said vitamin acid is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid and folic acid.
0. 324. The buffer concentrate according to claim 323, wherein phosphorus in said buffer concentrate is present in an amount equivalent to about 0.30 kg/L or greater P2O5.
0. 325. The buffer concentrate according to claim 323, wherein phosphorus in said buffer concentrate is present in an amount equivalent to from about 0.30 kg/L to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 326. The buffer concentrate according to claim 323, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid and combinations thereof.
0. 327. The buffer concentrate according to claim 326, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.
0. 328. The buffer concentrate according to claim 323, wherein said organic acid is a vitamin acid.
0. 329. The buffer concentrate according to claim 328, wherein said vitamin acid is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid and folic acid.
0. 330. The buffer concentrate according to claim 323, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.
0. 332. The buffer concentrate according to claim 331, wherein phosphorus in said buffer concentrate is present in an amount equivalent to about 0.30 kg/L or greater P2O5.
0. 333. The buffer concentrate according to claim 331, wherein phosphorus in said buffer concentrate is present in an amount equivalent to from about 0.30 kg/L to about 0.40 kg/L P2O5.
0. 334. The buffer concentrate according to claim 331, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof.
0. 335. The buffer concentrate according to claim 331, wherein said salt of an organic acid is citrate.
0. 336. The buffer concentrate according to claim 331, wherein said organic acid is a vitamin acid.
0. 337. The buffer concentrate according to claim 336, wherein said vitamin acid is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid and folic acid.
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This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/987,286, filed Nov. 12, 2004 a phosphorous-containing acids and their salts. The formulation stabilizes the phosphorous against oxidation to phosphate. Suitable phosphorous-containing acids are phosphorous acid and polyphosphorous acid, based generally on the formula H3PO3, and hypophosphorous acid and polyhypophosphorous acid, based generally on the formula H3PO2. Phosphite, the salt of phosphorous acid, has properties that are known to be beneficial to crop production. It is taken up through the foliage of avocado and citrus, two species which classically do not take up phosphate through their foliage. Phosphite has fungicidal properties with regard to some species of pathogenic fungi: Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Piricularia oryzae, Plasmopara viticola, Phytophthora cinnamomi, and Phytophthora parasitica. Recently, it has been demonstrated that phosphite also serves as a source of metabolically active phosphorus in plants. The properties of phosphite that make it desirable as a fertilizer are enhanced when it is formulated according to the present invention as a double or multiple buffer with phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphorous acid and/or polyhypophosphorous acid and their respective salts and organic acids and their salts per this invention.
Suitable organic acids have the formula R—COOH or R—COO− where R is hydrogen or a carbon-containing molecule or group of molecules. Suitable organic acids are those that maintain the phosphite ion in a substantially fully solubilized form upon dilution with water at pH varying from about 6.5 to about 8.5 and that result in a use dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake. Preferred organic acids are dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids.
By the term “substantially fully solubilized” it is meant that upon dilution, the phosphite does not precipitate, or at least not appreciably, so as to affect administration of the liquid product to the plant foliage, and thus is in a form available to the plant. With present phosphite fertilizers, there is a tendency for phosphite to precipitate if diluted with alkaline water, thereby rendering the phosphite in a form that is unavailable to the plant for uptake. By the term “foliage-acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake”, it is meant a pH that allows phosphorus to be absorbed by the plant without causing damage to the foliage. A foliage-acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake usually ranges between about 5.0 to about 7.0, and preferably between about 5.5 to about 6.5. Phosphorus is most readily taken up by foliage at pH 6.0. Depending on the plant species, a pH below 5.0 can cause damage to leaves and/or the flowers and/or fruit. At higher pH, between about 7.0 to about 7.5, there is reduced uptake of nutrients, although generally there is no plant damage. A pH between about 7.5 and 8.0, depending on the plant species, plant damage may result. A pH greater than 8.0, generally causes damage to the plant in addition to reducing uptake of the nutrients. Accordingly, suitable organic acids are those that help provide a “buffered composition” having the desired pH range. This means that a “use-dilution fertilizer” having an acidic to neutral pH (pH 5.0 to 7.0) can be achieved upon high dilutions (up to about 1/600) of the concentrated fertilizer with highly alkaline water (up to a pH of about 8.5).
Organic acids that meet this these criteria include but are not limited to intermediates in the Kreb's Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, amino acids such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid, vitamin acids such as ascorbic acid and folic acid, and their respective salts. Particularly preferred organic acids are dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids selected from the group consisting of citrate, pyruvate, succinate, fumarate, malate, formate, oxaloacetate, citrate, cis-aconitate, isocitrate, and α-ketoglutarate. Citrate is a particularly preferred organic acid because of it is relatively inexpensive and readily available.
These formulations allow the maintenance of continued solubility, and thus availability for uptake by plants, of phosphorus, with or without other nutrients, over a significantly wide range of concentrations and pHs. The increased solubility of these formulation formulations over that of phosphate or phosphite fertilizers makes it possible to prepare fertilizers with a greater concentration of phosphorus per unit volume than traditional phosphate or polyphosphate fertilizers or the simple unbuffered salts of phosphorous acid recently being marketed as fertilizers for foliar application which are available as super saturated solutions with only about 16% phosphite, and which are diluted approximately 1:100 to about 1:300. The resulting pH of these fertilizers varies significantly depending upon the pH of the water used, thus affecting the availability of the nutrients for foliar uptake. In contrast, the highly concentrated fertilizers of the present invention, which can be diluted with water at a ratio of about 1:600, allow for more cost effective shipping, handling, and application. They result in greater uptake of phosphorus by the canopy of plants than traditional phosphate or recent phosphite fertilizers not formulated in this manner.
The formulations provided herein also make it possible to formulate various combinations of other essential plant nutrients or other inorganic or organic compounds as desired and maintain their solubility when used over a wide range of concentrations and pHs, which is not possible for present phosphate or phosphite fertilizers. For example, boron, manganese, calcium; iron and other elements can be provided at relatively high concentrations in these formulations. Thus, these phosphorus fertilizers also enhance the canopy uptake of other mineral nutrients essential to plants. They can be used as a canopy application to improve pre- and post-harvest crop quality.
Formulations can also be prepared with copper. However, when high concentrations of copper are used, the copper is not fully solubilized. In this situation, the insoluble copper is desirable as it prevents rapid uptake of the copper and thus minimizes the potential for copper toxicity. As the insoluble copper is rewetted over night overnight by dew, dissolution occurs so that additional copper is taken up. The buffering capacity of the formulation maintains the pH at a foliage-acceptable pH when the insoluble copper is rewetted so that conditions are optimal for uptake and are benign to the plant tissues. While copper is an element essential to plants, it is required in only small amounts. In relation to nitrogen, plants require, in general, 10,000- to 75,000-fold less copper. Provided to the foliage of the plant at the rate provided by this formulation, copper is a very effective fungicide, in addition to being a plant nutrient and fertilizer.
In addition to the above-mentioned advantages, the formulations disclosed have a direct benefit to the environment. Because the formulations allow successful foliar feeding of phosphorus to a number of plants that do not effectively take up phosphorus when supplied in phosphate or polyphosphate forms, and because these formulations enhance the uptake of other nutrients, they are cost-effective and can replace less efficient, traditional soil-feeding methods. This results in reducing phosphate pollution of the groundwater and eutrophication of freshwater ponds, lakes and streams.
The phosphorus fertilizers disclosed herein can also be advantageously applied through the soil or by irrigation systems as solid (granular) or liquid formulations. These formulations can be used at pHs sufficiently low to clean irrigation lines and alter the pH of the soil to solve alkalinity problems while supplying essential nutrients to plants. Example 2, below discloses a suitable formulation for irrigation application. With irrigation application, the fertilizer flowing through the irrigation system will typically have a pH lower than about 2.5, usually less than about pH 1.5. The low pH is designed to supply phosphorus while killing bacteria and algae (slime) which plug irrigation lines, thus cleaning the lines. The low pH also dissolves calcium carbonate deposits at and around the emitters, and solubilizes the calcium carbonate so Ca2+ is available to the plant. Once delivered to the soil near the plant, sufficient water is applied to achieve a pH suitable for phosphorus uptake by the plant. The form in which the phosphorus is supplied in these formulations is more mobile than phosphate fertilizers or than the simple salts of phosphorous acid recently being sold as fertilizers, and thus more available and more readily taken up by the roots of plants. An advantage of these formulations is that the form in which phosphorus is supplied does not inhibit the development of mycorrhizal fungi to the same degree that traditional phosphate fertilizers do. The present compositions can also be formulated with certain nutrients in addition to phosphorus that are readily absorbed through soil applications at pH of about 5.5 to about 7.0. Such nutrients include nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, molybdenum, boron, and sulfur.
Another advantage with the phosphorus fertilizers disclosed herein is that they do not support the growth of green algae to the same degree that traditional phosphate fertilizers do. This is of significant importance to agriculture, commercial nurseries, the ornamental and cut flower industry, and the home and garden industry, as it will prevent the growth of green algae which typically proliferate and plug irrigation emitters, foul pots and benches, and provide a niche for the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. These formulations also endow the phosphorus fertilizer with anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity. This bacterialcidal bactericidal activity in a phosphorus fertilizer makes it possible to use this fertilizer to inhibit ice-nucleating bacteria to thus protect plants from frost damage.
Methods of Preparation
The phosphorus fertilizers are prepared by first forming solutions of the phosphorous and organic acids. Other desired nutrients can then be added with constant stirring. The amount of phosphorous relative to organic acid is not critical, as long as appropriate buffering and solubility are achieved. Generally the amount of organic acid that is added will depend upon the form in which the nutrient elements are added. For example, if calcium is to be added in the form of calcium hydroxide (a base), then the acid form of the organic acid, for example citric acid, would be used rather than its salt, citrate. In addition to the desired nutrients, other additives, that are known in the fertilizer industry, can be added. These include, for example, wetting-agents, surfactants, spreaders, stickers etc., and are described in The Farm Chemical Handbook, supra (incorporated herein by reference). The fertilizer compositions can also be prepared as solid formulations, identical to the liquid ones by simply leaving out all of the water. The properties are the same as the liquid formulations but have the additional advantage of weighing less for the same amount of nutrient.
Methods of Application
The fertilizer is applied according to crop-specific recommendations which will depend upon the application method (foliar, soil, irrigation, etc.), time of application, rate of application, and product formulation. Crops that will benefit from the fertilizer include, but are not limited to, avocado, citrus, mango, coffee, deciduous tree crops, grapes and other berry crops, soybean and other commercial beans, corn, tomato, cucurbits and cucumis species, lettuce, potato, sugar beets, peppers, sugarcane, hops, tobacco, pineapple, coconut palm and other commercial and ornamental palms, hevea rubber, and ornamental plants.
In addition to the foliar, soil, and irrigation application methods mentioned above, the present fertilizer may prove beneficial to certain crops through other application methods. For example, trunk paints or other methodologies may provide for a continuous low supply of fertilizers, such as, for example, “intravenous” feeding as practiced in the boron nutrition of soybeans.
In order that the invention described herein may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. All chemicals used were of analytical reagent quality and approximately 100% by weight unless otherwise specified. All formulations are expressed in terms of weight to volume. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.
A formulation was prepared of 1 gallon of 0-40-0 fertilizer with 3.86 lbs H3PO3, 1.34 lbs tripotassium citrate, 1.34 lbs of trisodium citrate, and 4.0 lbs of 58% ammonium hydroxide. The components were dissolved in water with constant stirring. This single formulation can be used at a rate of 2 quarts in as little as 20 gallons of water of pH 6.5 to 8.5 up to 300 gallons of water of pH 6.5 to 8.5 and maintain a pH between 5.5 to 6.5 without the formation of any precipitate.
A formulation was prepared of 1 gallon of 0-40-0 fertilizer with 3.86 lbs H3PO3 and 0.5 lbs citric acid. This formulation is stable at pH 1.0 or less and is designed for application through the irrigation system. It is stable against oxidation and precipitation when supplied through the irrigation water.
A formulation was prepared of 1 gallon of 0-30-0 fertilizer with 74.89% elemental boron with 2.89 lbs H3PO3, 28.67 lbs borax (Na2B4O2.10H2O), 17.16 lbs boric acid (H3BO3), 1.54 lbs H2SO4 and 2.67 lbs citric acid. A solution of the phosphorous and citric acid was first prepared, then the other elements were added with constant stirring. This formulation can be used at the rate of 2 quarts in as little as 20 gallons of water of pH between 6.5 to 8.5 up to 300 gallons of water of pH 6.5 to 8.5 and maintain a pH between 5.5 to 6.5 without the formation of any precipitate.
A formulation was prepared of 1 gallon of 0-30-0 fertilizer with 21.57% Zn zinc and 23.22% Mn manganese with 2.89 lbs of H3PO3, 7.92 lbs ZnSO4, 7.16 lbs Mn(H2PO2)2.H2O, 0.61 lbs citric acid and 0.87 lbs 58% NH4OH. This formulation can be used at the rate of two quarts in as little as 20 gallons of water of pH between 6.5 to 8.5 up to 300 gallons of water of pH between 6.5 to 8.5 and maintain a pH between 5.5 to 6.5 without the formation of any precipitate.
A formulation was prepared of 1 gallon of 0-30-0 fertilizer with 5.4% Ca calcium. It was packaged in a two-container system where 1 gallon of solution A contained 2.89 lbs H3PO3, 0.68 lbs Ca(OH)2, and 0.28 lbs citric acid, and 1 gallon of solution B contained 0.16 lbs Ca(OH)2, 0.60 lbs KOH, 3.34 lbs 58% NH4OH, 0.28 lbs citric acid, and 0.67 lbs EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). Two quarts of solution A can be added to as little as 20 gallons of water of pH between 6.5 to 8.5 up to 300 gallons of water of pH between 6.5 to 8.5 followed by the addition of two quarts of solution B. The final solution is between pH 5.5 to 6.5 and without precipitation.
A formulation of 1 gallon of 0-30-0 fertilizer with 4.32% Ca calcium can be made without requiring EDTA. This formulation is also packaged in a two-container system where 1 gallon of solution A contains 2.89 lbs H3PO3, 0.67 lbs Ca(OH)2 and 0.28 lbs of citric acid, while 1 gallon of solution B contains 2.67 lbs of 58% NH4OH, 0.6 lbs KOH. Two quarts of solution A can be added to as little as 20 gallons of water of pH between 6.5 to 8.5 up to 300 gallons of water of pH between 6.5 and 8.5 followed by the addition of two quarts of solution B. The final pH of the solution is between 5.5 and 6.5 and without precipitation.
A formulation was prepared of 1 gallon of 0-30-30 fertilizer with 2.89 lbs H3PO3, 2.99 lbs KOH, and 0.84 lbs citric acid. Two quarts can be added to as little as 20 gallons of water of pH between 6.5 to 8.5 and up to 300 gallons of water of pH between 6.5 and 8.5. The pH of the final solution is between 5.5 and 6.5 without precipitation.
A formulation was prepared of 1 gallon of 0-30-0 fertilizer having 4.8% iron with 2.89 H3PO3, 1.75 lbs iron-citrate, 0.74 lbs KOH, 0.62 lbs NaOH, and 2.00 lbs of 58% NH4OH. Two quarts of the formulation can be added to as little as 20 gallons of water pH 6.5 to 8.5 and up to 300 gallons of water of pH 6.5 to 8.5. The pH of the final solution is between 5.5 to 6.7 without precipitation.
A formulation was prepared of 1 gallon of 0-30-0 fertilizer having 23.22% manganese with 2.89 H3PO3, 7.16 lbs. Mn(H2PO2)2, and 0.133 lbs. sodium citrate. Two quarts of the formulation can be added to as little as 20 gallons of water pH 6.5 to 8.5 and up to 300 gallons of water of pH 6.5 to 8.5. The pH of the final solution is between 5.5 to 6.5 without precipitation.
A formulation was prepared of 1 gallon of 0-30-0 fertilizer having 57% copper with 2.89 H3PO3, 7.3 lbs Cu(OH)2 (57% Cu), and 1.34 lbs of 58% NH4OH. Two quarts can be added to as little as 20 gallons of water of pH 6.5 to 8.5 up to 300 gallons of water of pH 6.5 to 8.5. The pH of the final solution is between 5.5 to 6.5. The copper is not fully soluble, however this is desirable in that it prevents the rapid uptake of copper when applied to plant foliage.
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