A method of adding power control circuitry to a circuit design at each of an rtl and a netlist level comprising: demarcating multiple power domains within the circuit design; specifying multiple power modes each power mode corresponding to a different combination of on/off states of the multiple demarcated power domains; and defining isolation behavior relative to respective power domains.
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1. A method of adding power control circuitry to an rtl circuit design comprising:
using a computer to demarcate multiple power domains within the circuit design;
wherein demarcating respective power domains includes designating design object instances within the circuit design encompassed within respective power domains;
specifying multiple power modes each power mode corresponding to a different combination of on/off states of the multiple demarcated power domains; and
defining isolation behavior relative to respective power domains.
19. An article of manufacture that includes a computer data storage device, encoded with code structure, when executed by a computer causes the computer data storage device, to implement a method comprising:
using a computer to instruct a circuit design process to include power control behavior in a circuit design at each of an rtl and a netlist level, the behavior including:
multiple power domains demarcated by design objects of the circuit design; and
multiple power modes each power mode including a different combination of on/off states of the multiple demarcated power domains.
25. A method of designing power control circuitry for an rtl circuit design comprising:
using a computer to produce a power specification encoded in computer readable medium that specifies:
multiple power domains demarcated by design objects of the circuit design, and
multiple power modes each power mode including a different combination of on/off states of the multiple demarcated power domains;
using the power specification to simulate power-related behavior of an rtl version of the circuit design; and
using the power specification to place power-related cells of a netlist version of the circuit design.
26. A method of designing power control circuitry for an integrated circuit design at each of an rtl and a netlist level comprising:
using a computer to produce a power specification encoded in computer readable medium that specifies:
multiple power domains demarcated by design objects of the rtl circuit design, and
multiple power modes each power mode including a different combination of on/off states of the multiple demarcated power domains;
using the power specification to synthesize power-related logic of the circuit design; and
using the power specification to place power-related cells of a netlist version of the circuit design.
28. A method of designing power control circuitry for an integrated circuit design at each of an rtl and a netlist level comprising:
using a computer to produce a power specification encoded in computer readable medium that specifies:
multiple power domains demarcated by design objects of the rtl circuit design, and
multiple power modes each power mode including a different combination of on/off states of the multiple demarcated power domains;
using the power specification to place power-related cells of a netlist version of the circuit design; and
using the power specification to generate test signal patterns to test operation of the circuit design.
2. The method of
wherein demarcating respective power domains includes designating design object instances within the circuit design encompassed within respective power domains; and
wherein at least one power domain encompasses at least one other power domain.
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
wherein defining isolation behavior includes designating values of respective pins of a respective power domain during an isolation state while the respective power domain is turned off; and
wherein the output value is one of high, low or at a level equal to its level prior to activation of the isolation state.
11. The method of
12. The method of
wherein defining isolation behavior relative to respective power domains includes defining isolation behavior between a first demarcated power domain and a second demarcated power domain; and further including:
designating whether to implement isolation behavior logic in the first demarcated power domain or in the second demarcated power domain.
13. The method of
14. The method of
designating state retention behavior during shut off of at least one demarcated power domain;
wherein designating state retention behavior includes designating at least one class of library cells eligible to implement state retention logic.
15. The method of
designating state retention behavior during shut off of at least one demarcated power domain;
wherein designating state retention behavior includes designating a power domain in which to replace a storage cell with state retention logic to implement state retention behavior during shut off of at least one demarcated power domain.
16. The method of
designating state retention behavior during shut off of at least one demarcated power domain;
wherein designating state retention behavior includes setting forth an expression to representing a condition upon which to store a state to be retained during shut off of the at least one demarcated power domain.
17. The method of
designating state retention behavior during shut off of at least one demarcated power domain;
wherein designating state retention behavior includes setting forth an expression to representing a condition upon which to restore a state retained during shut off of the at least one demarcated power domain.
18. The method of
20. The article of manufacture of
21. The article of manufacture of
22. The article of manufacture of
23. The article of manufacture of
24. The article of manufacture of
27. The method of
29. The method of
using the power specification to simulate power-related behavior of an rtl version of the circuit design; and
using the power specification to synthesize power-related logic of the circuit design.
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This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/792,060, filed Apr. 14, 2006, which is expressly incorporated herein by this reference.
The following commonly owned patent applications as follows were filed on the dates indicated: U.S. Ser. No. 11/447,683 filed Jun. 5, 2006 entitled OPTIMIZED MAPPING OF AN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN TO MULTIPLE CELL LIBRARIES DURING A SINGLE SYNTHESIS PASS, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,530,047; U.S. Ser. No. 11/489,384 filed Jul. 18, 2006 entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SIMULATING STATE RETENTION OF AN RTL DESIGN, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,610,571; U.S. Ser. No. 11/489,385 filed Jul. 18, 2006 entitled SIMULATION OF POWER DOMAIN ISOLATION , now U.S. Pat. No. 7,596,769; U.S. Ser. No. 11/518,339 filed Sep. 8, 2006 entitled LOW POWER SCAN TEST FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; U.S. Ser. No. 11/586,879 filed Oct. 25, 2006 entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EQUIVALENCE CHECKING OF A LOW POWER DESIGN, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0127014; U.S. Ser. No. 11/519,381 filed Sep. 11, 2006 entitled TEST GENERATION FOR LOW POWER CIRCUITS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0071513; U.S. Ser. No. 11/588,927 filed Oct. 26, 2006 entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONDUCTING A LOW-POWER DESIGN EXPLORATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0126999; U.S. Ser. No. 11/590,068 filed Oct. 30, 2006 entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR POWER CONSUMPTION OPTIMIZATION FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,551,985; U.S. Ser. No. 11/590,076 filed Oct. 30, 2006 entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR VERIFYING POWER SPECIFICATIONS OF A LOW POWER DESIGN, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0127015; and U.S. Ser. No. 60/855,443 filed Oct. 30, 2006 entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING TEST BENCH FOR LOW POWER DESIGN. Each of these commonly owned patent applications is expressly incorporated in this patent application as if set forth herein in full.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to technology for designing and verifying an integrated circuit (“IC”) design.
2. Description of the Related Art
With the rapid growth of the wireless and portable electronic markets, there is a constant demand for new technological advancements. This has resulted in more and more functionality being incorporated into battery-operated products, increasing challenges for power management of such devices.
Such challenges include minimization of leakage power dissipation, designing efficient packaging and cooling systems for power-hungry IC's, or verification of functionality or power shut-off sequences early in the design. These challenges are expected to become even more difficult with the continuous shrinking of process nodes using today's CMOS technology. Managing design and verification for power will be as critical, if not more than, for timing and area in today's IC design flow for portable consumer electronics.
Modern electronic design is typically performed with computer aided design (CAD) tools or electronic design automation (EDA) systems. To design an integrated circuit, a designer first creates high level behavior descriptions of the IC device using a high-level hardware design language (HDL). Common examples of HDLs include Verilog and VHDL. An EDA system typically receives the high level behavior descriptions of the IC device and translates this high-level design language into netlists of various levels of abstraction. Essentially, the process to implement an electronic device begins with functional design and verification (e.g., using RTL), and then proceeds to physical design and verification.
Conventional power optimization and implementation techniques are only leveraged at the physical implementation phase of the design. Certain advanced power management techniques like multiple power domains with power shut-off (PSO) methodology can only be implemented at the physical level (i.e., post synthesis). These advanced power management design techniques significantly change the design intent, yet none of the intended behavior can be captured in the RTL. This creates a large gap in the RTL to GDSII implementation and verification flow where the original RTL is no longer reliable and cannot be used to verify the final netlist implementation containing the advanced power management techniques.
In addition, these specialized power management techniques at the physical implementation stage cannot be used by EDA tools at other stages of the design process, and therefore cannot be used by EDA tools at an earlier RTL or gate level stage of the IC design process to perform, for example, functional verification. One reason this is important is because verification of low power designs only at the physical implementation stage of the design process may not capture all potential design flaws within the IC, particularly sequence-related problems for power modes that are ideally tested at the functional stage of the IC design process.
Therefore, there is a need for an improved approach for designing electronic circuits with specialized power requirements, such as low power designs.
Some embodiments of the present invention provide an improved method and system for designing electronic circuits with specialized power requirements, such as low power designs. In some embodiments, the invention is implemented using a single file format, that captures power-related design intent information, power-related power constraints, and power-related technology information for an integrated circuit design. The single file format may be accessed and used by EDA tools throughout the EDA implementation flow to design and verify the integrated circuit. Other and additional objects, features, and advantages of the invention are described in the detailed description, figures, and claims.
Some aspects of the invention involve a method of adding power control circuitry to a circuit design at each of an RTL and a netlist level includes demarcating multiple power domains within the circuit design. Multiple power modes are specified. Each power mode corresponds to a different combination of on/off states of the multiple demarcated power domains. Isolation behavior is defined relative to respective power domains.
In some other aspects, an article of manufacture includes a computer readable medium encoded with code structure instructing a circuit design process to include power control behavior in a circuit design at each of an and a netlist level. The behavior includes multiple power domains demarcated by design objects of the circuit design and multiple power modes each power mode including a different combination of on/off states of the multiple demarcated power domains.
In some other aspects, the invention provides a method of designing power control circuitry for an integrated circuit design at each of an RTL and a netlist level. The method includes producing a power specification encoded in computer readable medium. The specification specifies multiple power domains demarcated by design objects of the circuit design and also specifies multiple power modes each power mode including a different combination of on/off states of the multiple demarcated power domains. The specification is used at multiple stages of a circuit design processes such as at two or more of simulation, logic synthesis, placement and test.
Some embodiments of the present invention provide an improved method and system for implementing electronic circuits with specialized power requirements, such as low power designs. As used herein, the term “implementing electronic circuits” includes at least activities for design creation, verification, physical implementation, analysis, and sign-off of the electronic design.
As noted above, many modern IC designs have special power requirements that are important for the proper operation of the IC's final electronic product. For example, consider a mobile or cellular telephone product. Such products are designed for portable use, and hence any ICs that are intended for use in cellular telephones may need to be designed with special power management requirements to prolong battery life. Therefore, ICs that are intended for mobile products such as cellular telephones are often designed with low power requirements and specifications.
In some embodiments, the invention is implemented using a single file format that captures power-related design intent information, power-related power constraints, and power-related technology information for an integrated circuit. The single file format may be integrated into an existing HDL, or may be maintained as a separate file. The single file format may be accessed and used by EDA tools throughout the EDA design flow to design and verify the integrated circuit design.
The present invention addresses the current limitation in the design automation tool flow by enabling the capture of the designer's intent for advanced power management techniques. The invention provides support for design and technology-related power constraints to be captured in a single file for use throughout the flow. The entire verification, validation, synthesis, test, physical synthesis, routing, analysis and signoff tool flow can be configured to support the inventive methodology.
The automation that is enabled through infrastructure support of the present invention will be the answer to the growing power management design challenges faced by the industry. The present invention will bring productivity gains and improved quality of silicon to designers, and can be used without requiring any change to current legacy RTL implementations.
By consolidating information into a single file format, this removes barriers to broad implementation and adoption of advanced power management techniques for IC designs. Moreover, the single file format provides a common and universally accessible format that can be used by multiple types of EDA tools throughout the design flow of the integrated circuit design.
According to one embodiment, the single file format includes power-related information relating to the following categories:
The power-related design intent information is a category of information that identifies the power-related design intent for different portions of the IC design. Different portions of the design having similar intended attributes can be collected together into groupings called “power domains.” In some embodiment, each power domain can be individually managed to achieve the power management goals established for that power domain. Examples of such management techniques that can be applied to a power domain includes the ability to power up or down a particular power domain as a group or specification of a given voltage level for the design blocks within a power domain.
Further, design intent information includes different power-related operating characteristics of the design portions within the IC design. For example, there may be many different intended modes of operation for the IC design, with each mode of operation having a different set of power-related characteristics. For instance, consider an IC design having three power domains, PD_a, PD_b, and PD_c. In a first mode of operation all three power domains may be active. In a second mode of operation, power domain PD_a may be switched off or asleep to save power, but the other two power domains PD_b and PD_c are both active. In a third mode of operation, both PD_a and PD_b are active, but PD_c is shut off. As is evident, there may be many variations of operating characteristics for the different power modes. Other types of power constraint information may also be employed within the scope of the invention. For example, there may be different power-related sequences of operations for the IC design, in which different sequences exist for the different power modes.
The power-related constraint information is a category of information that provides directives to guide optimization and analysis of the IC design. Examples of such power-related constraint information include:
Power-related technology information generally comprises a library of technology and design blocks to represent specific devices that may be used to implement the IC design. In some embodiments, the technology design library includes a library of technology for implementing power-related IC designs.
At 104, an IC design having specialized power requirements is created using the single file format. There may be a range of activities that are performed to implement the design creation process. Examples of such activities include synthesis design constraint (SDC) generation, synthesis, and design for test activities.
The next action 106 is to verify the design using the single file format. As used herein, the term “verify” or “verification” includes both static and dynamic verification. Numerous types of verification activities may be performed using the instant invention. For example, the verification activities may include, formal verification, simulation, simulation acceleration, and emulation. The single file format contains sufficient information to allow verification of the desired power management designs for the different range of anticipated EDA activities.
At 204, power-related constraint information is provided. This action may be performed, for example, by identifying dynamic or leakage power constraints, IR drop limit constraints, EM constraints, saturation current constraints, leakage current constraints, or timing constraints for the IC design.
At 206, technology design information is provided for the IC design. This action may be performed, for example, by identifying and incorporating a library of technology designs that are or may be employed to implement the IC design.
There are numerous ways to implement a single file format for the power information.
Either approach can be used within the scope of some embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, the single file format is adopted as a standard for implementing power information across different EDA tool platforms.
Numerous EDA actions may be performed during the design phase, including SDC constraint generation, logical synthesis, design for test activities, silicon virtual prototyping, and equivalence checking. Many actions taken by these EDA tools can now be performed for the power requirements because the CPIF is accessible to provide the power information. For example, logic synthesis activities can now be effectively performed for specific power requirements due to the availability of CPIF. This is in contrast to conventional EDA tools and RTL designs that do not have power information in an easy and usable format, and therefore cannot effectively perform such activities for IC design having specialized power requirements.
Because the power information is available in the CPIF, logical and functional verification may also be performed at this stage. Examples of such verification activities and related tools include formal analysis, simulation, simulation acceleration, and emulation. In addition, other activities that may be performed include coverage verification and testbench automation. Again, this is in contrast to conventional EDA tools and RTL designs for which functional verification cannot be performed, since conventional RTL designs do not have sufficient power information.
The overall flow may iterate between the design process, verification process, and different version of the RTL and CPIF designs, based upon accessing and evaluating the power information in the CPIF. This is a significant advantage of the present approach, which allow potential errors in the logical or functional design of the IC to be spotted at this early stage of the design process and corrected prior to physical implementation.
The output of this process flow is a suitably designed and verified set of RTL and CPIF design information. In addition, state retention power gating (SRPG) information may be created for aspects of the design that must retain state information during the course of operation. The state retention power gating information may also be associated with the same or different CPIF to hold power information for the gate-related portions of the IC design.
Thereafter, the typical flow of EDA activities proceeds to the physical design and implementation stages.
Numerous EDA actions may be performed during the physical design and implementation phase, including synthesis, chip integration prototyping, physical synthesis, routing, DFT, ATPG, Equivalence Checking, LVS, DRC, Extraction, and sign-off activities. Sign-off activities may be performed using the CPIF information, including timing and power analysis, static and dynamic IR drop analysis, electromagnetic analysis, thermal analysis, noise analysis, electrical analysis, power, timing, noise, IR drop, EM, noise, or thermal analysis.
Here, it is of particular advantage that a commonly understood CPIF format is employed that can be used by each and every EDA tool in the physical design and implementation flow. As such, this provides immense efficiencies over the prior approach in which proprietary and customized calls were used to provide power management implementations for IC designs at the physical level. The output of the physical design and implementation stage is, for example, a GDSII file.
Embodiments of invention provide particular advantages when used to implement power management and low power electronic designs, e.g., to minimize leakage power dissipation, design efficient packaging and cooling systems, or to verify functionality of power shut-off sequences early in the design.
As noted above, conventional current power optimization and implementation techniques are only leveraged at the physical implementation phase of the design. The present invention addresses the current limitation in the design automation tool flow by enabling the capture of the designer's intent for advanced power management techniques. CPIF provides support for design and technology-related power constraints to be captured in a single file for use throughout the flow. The entire verification, validation, synthesis, test, physical synthesis, routing, ATPG, analysis and signoff tool flow can be configured to support the CPIF-based methodology. The automation enabled through CPIF infrastructure support answers the growing power management design challenges faced by the industry.
For low power designs, CPIF supports the ability to specify that certain portions of the design can be individually powered on or off separately from other portions of the design. One reason for doing so is to minimize leakage power by making sure that portions of the design that are not needed at any given moment in time can be shut down.
In addition, CPIF is able to specify that certain portions of the design operate at different voltage levels relative to other portions of the design. In this way, non-critical blocks or design blocks that do not require higher voltage can be implemented at lower voltage levels, thereby minimizing dynamic power consumed by the IC.
To implement this type of design, some embodiments of CPIF support specification of multiple power domains, with each power domain potentially having different operating characteristics and voltage levels from other power domains. Power domains at different voltage levels can be tied to different voltage rails. Level shifters can be used to shift voltage levels up or down between different power domains that are at different voltage levels.
Different power modes can be configured that specify which power domains are active which are inactive. A switch can be employed to turn on or off the flow of power to a particular power domain.
Multiple power modes can be configured to provide numerous variations in the different combinations of power domains that are on or off at any given moment in time.
Transition information can be configured to identify the conditions under which one mode changes to another mode. Transitions may be configured using Boolean expressions. Sequence information may be used to identify the order of legal or valid transitions.
Therefore, a hierarchy of information may be established for the low power design, from power domain information at one level of the hierarchy to power mode information at another level that specifies the on/off state of power domains. At yet another level of the hierarchy, the transition information specifies the conditions under which the power modes change, to the level of the hierarchy at which sequences specify the permitted ordering of transitions.
In an illustrative embodiment, the CPIF file includes power-related design intent and power constraint information particularly relevant to low power designs. For example, such, information could include the following example information:
It is noted that such constructs are not supported by conventional HDL languages such as Verilog and VHDL. As such, there is no way in which such low power specifications can be implemented using conventional HDLs.
This can create severe problems if it is desired to implement low power designs using conventional approaches. For example, there is no way to verify that the blocks in a design are adequately tied to appropriate power control structures, such as level shifters, etc.
When in the physical implementation stage, specialized and custom commands can be used to implement low power structures in the IC design using conventional tools. However, by this point, it is already very late in the design process. There may already be numerous flaws in the IC design relating to the low power design that cannot be identified and corrected at this stage.
For example, consider a low power design that specifies transitions between the different power modes. Conventional approaches do not allow specification and verification of the transitions between different modes at the RTL level. Even if this is attempted at the physical implementation stage, it is very difficult if not impossible to adequately verify the functional behavior of the IC design through the different transitions that actually occur in a typical IC design. Instead, this type of verification should be performed at an earlier stage of the EDA flow.
As another example, consider a low power design that specifies sequence information. An example of a sequence of power modes is illustrated in
Because conventional EDA tools and HDLs do not have the appropriate constructs to specify power information for sequences and transitions, the needed verification is not possible using conventional EDA tools. This can also significantly affect sign-off activities during EDA processing.
In the present invention, since the design intent, power constraint, and/or technology library information are embedded within the CPIF file, such verification and sign-off processing are possible even at the functional stage. In fact, the information can be used throughout the entire FDA tool flow to more efficiently and effectively allow designer to design, verify, and physically implement the low power design.
In an exemplary implementation of CPIF, “CPIF objects” refer to objects that are being defined (named) in the CPIF file. The following are examples of CPIF objects that used in CPIF according to some embodiments of the invention:
In some embodiments, the technology information includes special library cells for power management. The following are examples of library cells that can be used in some embodiments of the invention:
In some embodiments, CPIF can be implemented hierarchically. For example, many design teams can contribute to different blocks in the design. These blocks, whether they are soft blocks or hard blocks (such as IP instances, where the internal details of the block are unknown) can each have their own CPIF file.
Power Domain A includes a collection of logic blocks that use the same power supply during normal operation. In this example, Power Domain A operates at 1.2 V. Power Domain A is coupled to a power rail operating at 1.2V. It is noted that a switch is not used to couple Power Domain A to the 1.2V power rail. As a result, Power Domain A is always “on”, and cannot be turned off.
Power Domain A includes three cells having different operating parameters. A first cell is associated with a low Vt, which provides operating characteristics of high speed and high leakage. A second cell is associated with a normal Vt, which provides operating characteristics of normal speed and normal leakage. A third cell is associated with a low Vt, which provides operating characteristics of low speed but also low leakage. Designers will attempt to balance the selection of these combination of cells to achieve a desired set of performance characteristics with minimum leakage.
Power Domain B also includes a set of logic blocks. Power Domain B can be powered on or off depending upon the particular power mode that is being employed. Therefore, Power Domain A can be at either 1.2V or OV. In this example, a power switch is used to power off or on the power domain.
Power Domain B contains an SRPG cell to maintain state information during the periods of time in which the power domain is powered down. It can be seen that the SRPG is separately coupled to the 1.2V power rail so that it can retain state even when the power switch has cut off power generally to the power domain.
Power Domain B is associated with appropriate isolation logic to ensure that inadvertent and unintended data is not propagated to other blocks when the power domain is powered down.
Power Domain C is a collection of logic blocks which all operate at 0.8V, and the power domain is therefore connected to a power rail at 0.8V. Power Domain C can be powered on or off depending upon the particular power mode that is being employed. Therefore, Power Domain C can be at either 0.8V or 0V. In this example, a power switch is used to power off or on the power domain.
Power Domain C is also associated with appropriate isolation logic to ensure that inadvertent and unintended data is not propagated to other blocks when the power domain is powered down.
Voltage level shifters are used to interact with other blocks that operate at other voltage levels. For example, since Power Domain B operates at 1.2V and Power Domain C operates at 0.8V, voltage level shifters are used between these two power domains.
Different control signals may be specified for the design to control a power domain. A signal may be used to enable a power switch to turn a particular power domain on or off. Another signal may be used to enable an isolation cell. A power gating signal may be used to enable a power gate.
As shown in
TABLE 2
Power
Power Mode
Domain
PM1
PM2
PM3
PM4
PD1
ON
ON
ON
ON
PD2
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
PD3
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
PD4
ON
ON
ON
OFF
The power manager instance (pm_inst) 218 generates three sets of control signals, namely pse_enable, pge_enable, and ice_enable, to control each power domain. Table 3 shows control signals of the power manager instance pm_inst 218 for controlling the four power domains according to embodiments of the present invention.
TABLE 3
Power Control Signals
Power
power switch
isolation cell
power gating
Domain
enable (PSE)
enable (ICE)
enable (PGE)
PD1
no control
no control
no control
PD2
signal
signal ice_enable[0]
signal pge_enable[0]
pse_enable[0]
PD3
pse_enable[1]
ice_enable[1]
pge_enable[1]
PD4
pse_enable[2]
ice_enable[2]
pge_enable[2]
The following is an example netlist of a CPF file of the top design according to an embodiment of the present invention.
# Define top design
set_top_design top
# Set up logic structure for all power domains
create_power_domain -name PD1 -default
create_power_domain -name PD2 -instances {inst_A inst_B} \
-shutoff_condition {pm_inst.pse_enable[0]}
create_power_domain -name PD3 -instances inst_C \
-shutoff_condition {pm_inst.pse_enable[1]}
create_power_domain -name PD4 -instances inst_D \
-shutoff_condition {pm_inst.pse_enable[2]}
# Define static behavior of all power domains and specify timing
constraints
create_power_mode -name PM1 -sdc_files ../SCRIPTS/cm1.sdc \
-activity_file ../SIM/top_1.tcf
create_power_mode -name
PM2 -off_domains PD2 -sdc_files ../SCRIPTS/cm2.sdc
create_power_mode -name PM3 -off_domains {PD2 PD3}
create_power_mode -name PM4 -off_domains {PD2 PD3 PD4}
# Set up required isolation and state retention logic of all domains
create_state_retention_logic -restore_edge {pm_inst.pge_enable[0]} \
-instances inst_A.reg_bank_1.out
create_state_retention_logic -power_domain PD3 -restore_edge \
{pm_inst.pge_enable[1]}
create_state_retention_logic -power_domain PD4 -restore_edge \
{pm_inst.pge_enable[2]}
create_isolation_logic -from PD2 -isolation_condition \
{pm_inst.ice_enable[0]} -isolation_output high
create_isolation_logic -from PD3 -isolation_condition \
{pm_inst.ice_enable[1]}
create_isolation_logic -from PD4 -isolation_condition \
{pm_inst.ice_enable[2]}
According to embodiments of the present invention, the following commands are used to simulate isolation and/or state retention of a power domain using a hierarchical RTL data structure.
The create_isolation_logic command is used to add isolation cells for certain designer-specified power domains. This command allows a designer to specify which pins are to be isolated by 1) specifying all pins to be isolated with the -pins option; 2) selecting only output pins in the power domains listed with the -from option; 3) selecting only input pins in the power domains listed with the -to option; and 4) combining options to filter the set of pins. Specifically, a designer may 1) combine -pins and -from options to isolate those pins in the designer-specified list that are also output pins in a power domain listed with the -from option; 2) combine -pins and -to options to isolate those pins in the designer-specified list that are also input pins in a power domain listed with the -to option; 3) combine -from and -to options to isolate input pins that belong to a power domain listed with the -to option but that are also driven by a net coming from a power domain listed with the -from option; 4) combine -pins, -from and -to options to isolate those input pins in the designer-specified list that belong to a power domain listed with the -to option but that are also driven by a net coming from a power domain listed with the -from option; and 5) exclude certain pins with the -exclude option. An example use of the create_isolation_logic command is shown below.
create_isolation_logic
-isolation_condition expression
{-pins pin_list | -from power_domain_list | -to power_domain_ list}. . .
[-exclude pin_list] [-location {from | to} ]
[-isolation_output {high|low|hold}]
[-cells cell_list] [-prefix string]
The options and their corresponding arguments of the create_isolation_logic command are shown as follows according to an embodiment of the present invention.
-cells cell_list: This option and its argument specify the names of the library cells that are used as isolation cells for the selected pins. By default, the appropriate isolation cells are chosen from the isolation cells defined with the define_isolation_cell command or from the library cells with isolation related .lib attributes.
-exclude pin_list: This option and its argument specify a list of pins that do not require isolation logic.
-from power_domain_list: This option and its argument limit the pins to be considered for isolation to output pins in the specified power domains. If specified with -to option, all input pins in the -to domains that are receiving signals from the -from domains will be isolated. The power domains are previously defined with the create_power_domain command.
-isolation_condition expression: This option and its argument specify a condition when the specified pins should be isolated. This condition is a function of pins.
-isolation_output {high|low|hold}: This option and its argument control and generate the output value at the output of the isolation logic in response to certain isolation condition being met. The output can be high, low, or held to the value it has right before the isolation condition is activated.
-location {from|to}: This option and its argument specify the power domain to which the isolation logic is added. The from argument stores the isolation logic with the instances of the originating power domain, and the to argument stores the isolation logic with the instances of the destination power domain. The default argument is to.
-pins pin_list: This option and its argument specify a list of pins to be isolated. The designer may list input pins and output pins of power domains. The designer may further limit the pins to be isolated using the -from, -to, and -exclude options.
-prefix string: This option and argument specify the prefix to be used when creating the create_isolation_logic.
-to power_domain_list: This option and its argument limit the pins to be considered for isolation to input pins in the specified power domains. The power domains are previously defined with the create_power_domain command.
The create level_shifter_rule command is used to add rules for adding level shifters. This command allows to specify on which pins to insert level shifters. This command allows designers to 1) specify all pins on which to insert level shifters with the -pins option; 2) select only output pins in the power domains listed with the -from option; 3) select only input pins in the power domains listed with the -to option; 4) combine options to filter the set of pins: 4a) combine -pins and -from options—only adds level shifters to those pins in the specified list that are also output pins in a power domain listed with the -from option; 4b) combine -pins and -to options—only adds level shifters to those pins in the specified list that are also input pins in a power domain listed with the -to option; 4c) combine -from and -to options—only adds level shifters to input pins that belong to a power domain listed with the -to option but that are also driven by a net coming from a power domain listed with the -from option; 4d) combine -pins, -from and -to options—only adds level shifters to those input pins in the specified list that belong to a power domain listed with the -to option but that are also driven by a net coming from a power domain listed with the -from option; 5) exclude specific pins through the -exclude option.
create_level_shifter_rule
-name string
{-pins pin_list | -from power_domain_list | -to
power_domain_list}. . .
[-exclude pin_list] [-location {from | to} ]
[-cells cell_list] [-prefix string]
The create_mode_transition command defines how the transition between two power modes is controlled.
create_mode_transition
-name string
-from_mode power_mode -to _mode power_mode
-start_condition expression [-end_condition expression]
[-clock_pin clock_pin [-cycles number | -latency float]]
create_power_domain
-name power_domain
{ -default [-instances instance_list] [-boundary_ports pin_list]
| -instances instance_list [-boundary_ports pin_list]
| -boundary_ports pin_list }
[ -shutoff_condition expression ]
The create_power_domain command creates a power domain and specifies the instances and top-level ports that belong to this power domain. By default, an instance inherits the power domain setting from its parent hierarchical instance or design, unless that instance is associated with a specific power domain. In CPF, power domains are associated with the design objects based on the logical hierarchy. The order in which a designer creates the power domains is irrelevant. Note that a designer can define at least two power domains for a design, and only one power domain can be the default power domain. In addition, the create_power_domain command specifies the -power_switchable_nets and -ground_switchable_nets options if the designer wants to use the CPF file as a golden constraint file throughout the entire flow from design creation until design implementation and signoff. An example use of the create_power_domain command is shown below.
create_power_domain
-name power_domain
{ -default [-instances instance_list]
| -instances instance_list [-boundary_ports pin_list]
| -boundary_ports pin_list }
[ -power_switchable_nets net_list | -ground_switchable_nets
net_list]
[ -shutoff_condition expression]
The options and their corresponding arguments of the create_power_domain command are shown as follows according to an embodiment of the present invention.
-boundary_ports pin_list: This option and its argument specify the list inputs and outputs that are considered part of this domain. Specifically, for inputs and outputs of the top-level design, it specifies ports. For inputs and outputs of instances of a timing model in the library, it specifies a list of the instance pins that are part of the domain. If this option is not specified with the -instances option, the power domain is considered to be a virtual power domain. A virtual domain allows a designer to describe the associations of the inputs and outputs of an existing instance block or a not-yet designed instance block with power domains.
-default: This option identifies the specified domain as the default power domain. All instances of the design that are not associated with a specific power domain belong to the default power domain. This is also the power domain that is referenced when information for calculating delays of a specific condition of a design is created.
-ground_switchable_nets net_list: This option and its argument identify the ground nets that connect the GROUND pins of the gates and the switch that controls the power shut-off. The specified nets will be considered as global ground nets. A designer may specify this option when the path from power to ground is cut off on the ground side (i.e., use a footer cell).
-instances instance_list: This option and its argument specify the names of all instances that belong to the specified power domain. If this option is specified together with the -io_ports option, it indicates that for any connection between a specified port and any instance inside the power domain, no special interface logic for power management is required.
-name power_domain: This option and its argument specify a name of a power domain.
-power_switchable_nets net_list: This option and its argument identify the power nets that connect the POWER pins of the gates and the switch that controls the power shut-off. The specified nets are considered as global power nets. A designer may specify this option when the path from power to ground is cut off on the power side (i.e., use a header cell).
-shutoff_condition expression: This option and its argument specify a condition when a power domain is shut off. The condition is a Boolean function of the pins. In the default mode, the power domain is on.
The example below illustrates the uses of the create_power_domain command. It assumes a design with the hierarchy Top→INST1→INST2. In this example, the following two sets of CPF commands are equivalent:
a.
create_power_domain -name PD1 -instances INST1
create_power_domain -name PD2 -instances INST1.INST2
b.
create_power_domain -name PD2 -instances INST1.INST2
create_power_domain -name PD1 -instances INST1
This illustrates that the order in which the designer specifies the target domains is irrelevant. The result is that instance INST1 belongs to power domain PD1 and instance INST2 belongs to power domain PD2. The following command associates a list of instances with power domain PD2.
create_power_domain -name PD2 -instances {A C I_ARM1 PAD1}
The create_state_retention_logic command is used to replace selected registers or all registers in the specified power domain with state retention flip_flops. By default, the appropriate state retention cells are chosen from the state retention cells defined with the define_state_retention_cell command or from the library based on the appropriate .lib attributes. An example use of the create_state_retention_logic command is shown below.
create_state_retention_logic
{ -power_domain power_domain | -instances instance_list }
-restore_edge expression [ -save_edge expression ]
[ -clock_gating_condition expression ]
[ -cell_type string ]
The options and their corresponding arguments of the create_state_retention_logic command are shown as follows according to an embodiment of the present invention.
-cell_type string: This option and its argument specify the class of library cells that can be used to map designer-specified sequential elements such as flip-flops and latches. The specified string corresponds to the value of a power_gating_cell .lib attribute. If this option is not specified, the tool may automatically choose the state retention flip-flops from the library.
-clock_gating_condition expression: This option and its argument specify a condition when the clock of a state retention cell is gated so that the save or restore operation can be carried out. The condition is a function of the pins. Note that some technologies require the clock signal being stable before a save or restore operation can be carried out.
-instances instance_list: This option and its argument specify the names of the latches and flip_flops that a designer wants to replace with a state retention flip-flop. A designer may specify the names of the leaf instances. If the designer specifies the name of a hierarchical instance, all latches and flip-flops in this instance and its children that belong to the same power domain will be replaced. Note that the instances may belong to several power domains. If they belong to different power domains, the same conditions will be applied.
-power_domain power_domain: This option and its argument specify a name of a power domain containing the target flip_flops to be replaced. In this case, all flip-flops in this power domain are replaced. The power domain is previously defined with the create_power_domain command.
-restore_edge expression: This option and its argument specify a condition when the states of the sequential elements need to be restored. The expression is a function of pins. When the expression changes from false to true, the states are restored. During logical synthesis, the logic implementing the expression will be used to drive the restore pin of the state retention cells.
-save_edge expression: This option and its argument specify a condition when the states of the sequential elements need to be saved. The condition is a function of pins. When the expression changes from false to true, the states are saved. During logical synthesis, the logic implementing the expression will be used to drive the save pin of the state retention cells. The inverse of this option is the restore_edge option.
The set_array_naming_style command specifies a format for naming individual bits of instance arrays. Note that this command appears once in a CPF file. Also note that this command is not needed if the designer uses the same object names in CPF as in the design. This command is optional in a CPF file used by RTL compiler. If the designer wants to include the command in the CPF file used by RTL compiler, the specified string needs to match the value of the hdl_array_naming_style root attribute set in RTL compiler. If the CPF file is generated by RTL compiler, the string in this command will match the value of the hdl_array_naming_style root attribute in RTL compiler. An example use of the set_array_naming_style command is shown below. The String specifies the format for an individual bit of an instance array.
set_array_naming_style string
The set_hierarchy_separator command specifies the hierarchy delimiter character used in the CPF file. Note that this command appears once in the CPF file. The Character argument specifies the hierarchy delimiter character. An example use of the set_hierarchy_separator command is shown below.
set_hierarchy_separator character
The set_cpf_version command specifies the version of the format. The value argument specifies the version by using a string. An example use of the set_cpf_version command is shown below.
set_cpf_version 1.0
The set_register_naming_style command specifies the format used to print out flip-flops and latches in the netlist. Note that this command appears once in a CPF file. Also note that this command is not needed if the same object names in CPF as in the design are used. This command is optional in a CPF file used by RTL compiler. If a designer wants to include the command in the CPF file used by RTL compiler, he needs to ensure that the specified string matches the value of the hdl_reg_naming_style root attribute set in RTL compiler. If the CPF file is generated by RTL compiler, the string in this command will match the value of the hdl_reg_naming_style root attribute in RTL compiler. An example use of the set_register_naming_style is shown below. The string argument specifies the format used for flip_flops and latches in the netlist.
set_register_naming_style string
The set_scope command changes the current scope to the scope determined by the argument. Note that all objects referred to in the library cell-related CPF commands are scope insensitive, all design objects except for ground and power nets are scope sensitive, and all the expressions in the CPF design-related constraints are scope sensitive. An example use of the set_scope command is shown below.
set_scope {hier_instance [-merge_default_domains]| -top| -up}
The options and their corresponding arguments of the set_scope command are shown as follows according to an embodiment of the present invention.
-to: This option changes the scope top the top design. Note that when a hierarchical CPF file is used, the designer should avoid using this argument in a sourced CPF file. In this case, the command does not reset the scope to the scope of the module of the hierarchical instance to which the sourced CPF file applies, but to the design of the main CPF file.
-up: This option changes the scope to the immediate parent of the current scope. Note that if a designer uses this argument when the current scope is already the top design, an error message may be issued.
-hier_instance: This option changes the scope to the specified hierarchical instance. The instance is a valid hierarchical instance in the current scope.
-merge_default_domains: This option specifies whether to merge the default power domain of the current scope (when it is not the top design) with the default power domain of the top design. Note that this option may be specified in the context of hierarchical CPF.
The following example further illustrates the use of the set_scope command.
set_top_design A
set_scope B.C ; #changes the scope to B.C
create_isolation_logic -isolation_condition. enable -from PD1
# the previous command use the enable signal at the top
level to create isolation
# logic at the output ports of power domain PD1
set_scope -up ; #changes the scope to B
set_scope -up ; #changes the scope to the parent of B, which is A or
the top
The set_top_design command specifies the name of the design to which the power information in the CPF file applies. Note that this command usually appears once in a CPF file. If it appears multiple times, the first one applies to the top design, while the subsequent ones follow a scope change using the set_scope command. An example use of the set_top_design command is shown below.
set_top_design design
The argument design specifies the name of the design to which the power information in the CPF file applies. It specifies the name of the top module in RTL. Note that when a designer uses a hierarchical CPF file, the design name corresponds to the module name of the current scope.
The following example further illustrates the use of the set_top_design command. In this case, the commands of the CPF file of the soft block are copied directly into the CPF file of the top design. Design B corresponds to the module name of instance i_B, which is the current scope.
set_top_design top_chip
create_power_domain -name PD1 -instances C
create_power_domain -name Default -default
set_scope i_B
set_top_design B
create_power_domain -name Standby -instances
DRAM -io_ports {P1 P2} \
-shutoff_condition power_down
set_scope -top
create_isolation_logic-fromi_B.Standby-toPD1-
isolation_conditionstdby_signal
The create_power_switch_rule specifies how a single power switch must connect the external and internal power or ground nets for the specified power domain during implementation. One can specify one or more commands for a power domain depending on whether one wants to control the switchable power domain by a single switch or multiple switches.
create_power_switch_rule
-name string
-domain power_domain
{-external_power_net net | -external_ground_net net}
-enable_condition expression [-acknowledge_receiver pin]
[-cells cell_list] [-prefix string]
For applications that read .lib files, the define_always_on_cell command Identifies the library cells in the .lib files that can be used as cells that are always on. For applications that do not read library files the define_always_on_cell command allows to identify the instances of these cells in the netlist.
define_always_on_cell
-cells cell_list [-library_set library_set]
[ [-power_switchable LEF_power_pin | -ground_switchable
LEF_ground_pin]
-power LEF_power_pin -ground LEF_ground_pin ]
define_isolation_cell
-cells cell_list [-library_set library_set]
[-always_on_pin pin_list]
[ {-power_switchable LEF_ power_pin | -ground_switchable
LEF_ground_pin}
-power LEF power pin -ground LEF_ground pin ]
[-valid_location {from | to}]
[-non_dedicated]
-enable pin
define_level_shifter_cell
-cells cell_list [-library_set library_set]
[-always_on_pin pin_ list]
-input_voltage_range {voltage | voltage_range}
-output_voltage_range {voltage | voltage_range}
[-direction {up|down|bidir}]
[-output_voltage_input_pin pin]
{-input_power_pin LEF_power_pin [-output_power_pin
LEF_power_pin]
| [-input_power_pin LEF_power_pin] -output_power_pin
LEF_power_pin }
-ground LEF_ground_pin
[-valid_location {from | to}
define_power_switch_cell
-cells cell_list [-library_set library_set]
-stage_1_enable expression [-stage_1_output expression]
[-stage_2_enable expression [-stage_2_output expression] ]
-type {footer|leader}
[ -power_switchable LEF_power_pin -power LEF_power_pin
| -ground_switchable LEF_ground_pin -ground LEF_ground_pin ]
[ -on_resistance float]
[ -stage_1_saturation_current float] [ -stage_2_saturation_current
float]
[ -leakage_current float ]
define_state_retention_cell
-cells cell_list [-library_set library_set]
[-always_on_pin pin_list]
[-clock_pin pin]
-restore_function expression [-restore_check expression]
[-save_function expression] [-save_check expression]
[ {-power_switchable LEF_power_pin | -ground_switchable
LEF_ground_pin}
-power LEF_power_pin -ground LEF_ground_pin ]
In conclusion, what has been described is an improved method, system, and article of manufacture for implementing an integrated circuit. Some embodiments provide a methodology and structure to handle designs having special power requirements, such as low power designs. The single file format approach of some embodiments may be accessed and used by EDA tools throughout the EDA design flow to implement the integrated circuit design.
According to one embodiment of the invention, computer system 1400 performs specific operations by processor 1407 executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in system memory 1408. Such instructions may be read into system memory 1408 from another computer readable/usable medium, such as static storage device 1409 or disk drive 1410. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and/or software. In one embodiment, the term “logic” shall mean any combination of software or hardware that is used to implement all or part of the invention.
The term “computer readable medium” or “computer usable medium” as used herein refers to any medium that participates in providing instructions to processor 1407 for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as disk drive 1410. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as system memory 1408. Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire, and fiber optics, including wires that comprise bus 1406. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio wave and infrared data communications.
Common forms of computer readable media includes, for example, floppy disk, flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, RAM, PROM, EPROM, FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, carrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
In an embodiment of the invention, execution of the sequences of instructions to practice the invention is performed by a single computer system 1400. According to other embodiments of the invention, two or more computer systems 1400 coupled by communication link 1415 (e.g., LAN, PTSN, or wireless network) may perform the sequence of instructions required to practice the invention in coordination with one another.
Computer system 1400 may transmit and receive messages, data, and instructions, including program, i.e., application code, through communication link 1415 and communication interface 1414. Received program code may be executed by processor 1407 as it is received, and/or stored in disk drive 1410, or other non-volatile storage for later execution.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the above-described process flows are described with reference to a particular ordering of process actions. However, the ordering of many of the described process actions may be changed without affecting the scope or operation of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.
Wang, Qi, Pandey, Manish, Hines, Mitchell W., Chickermane, Vivek, Gallagher, Patrick, Bhatia, Sandeep, Tsai, Huan-Chih, Sharp, Steven, Gupta, Ankur, Chen, Pinhong, Chu, Christina, Chen, Yonghoa
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