A record carrier (1) has a servo track (4) indicating an information track (9) intended for recording information blocks. The servo track (4) has a periodic variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency, usually called wobble. The servo track has modulated parts for encoding position information according to a predetermined type of modulation. The record carrier includes a management area in which the servo track includes permanent data. The permanent data is encoded using a different type of modulation, but using the variations of the same physical parameter. Direct digital modulation (41) is proposed for the different type of modulation.
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0. 11. A record carrier comprising a servo track which has a periodic variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency and modulated parts for encoding position information according to a predetermined type of modulation, and wherein the record carrier comprises a management area in which the servo track comprises permanent data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being according to a different type of modulation, the different type of modulation providing a higher data rate than the predetermined type of modulation.
0. 29. A method of manufacturing a record carrier, in which the record carrier is provided with a servo track provided with a variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency and modulated parts for encoding position information according to a predetermined type of modulation, and wherein the record carrier comprises a management area in which the servo track comprises management data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being according to a different type of modulation, the different type of modulation providing a higher data rate than the predetermined type of modulation.
1. A record carrier comprising a servo track indicating an information track intended for recording information blocks represented by marks, said servo track having a periodic variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency and modulated parts for encoding position information according to a predetermined type of modulation, characterized in that the record carrier further comprises a management area in which the servo track comprises permanent data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being modulated in accordance with a type of modulation different from said predetermined type of modulation.
10. A method of manufacturing a record carrier, in which the record carrier is provided with a servo track indicating an information track intended for recording information blocks, said servo track being provided with a variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency and modulated parts for encoding position information according to a predetermined type of modulation, characterized in that the record carrier comprises a management area in which the servo track comprises management data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being modulated in accordance with a type of modulation different from said predetermined type of modulation.
0. 31. A record carrier comprising:
an information track for recording information blocks represented by marks,
a servo track indicating the position of the information track and having a periodic variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency and modulated parts encoded with position information according to a predetermined type of modulation,
a management area in which the servo track comprises management data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being modulated in accordance with a type of modulation different from said predetermined type of modulation, the management data being different than the position information.
0. 33. A method of manufacturing a record carrier, comprising:
providing an information track for recording information blocks represented by marks on the record carrier,
providing a servo track on the record carrier, the servo track indicating the position of the information track and having a variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency and modulated parts encoded with position information according to a predetermined type of modulation,
providing a management area in which the servo track comprises management data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being modulated in accordance with a type of modulation different from said predetermined type of modulation, the management data being different than the position information.
6. A record carrier comprising a servo track indicating an information track intended for recording information blocks represented by marks, said servo track having a periodic variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency and modulated parts for encoding position information according to a predetermined type of modulation, characterized in that the record carrier further comprises a management area in which the servo track comprises permanent data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being modulated in accordance with a type of modulation different from said predetermined type of modulation,
wherein the management area has a track pitch between neighboring tracks larger than the track pitch in the area of the record carrier covered by the servo track indicating the information track intended for recording information blocks.
0. 23. A recording and/or playback device comprising means for writing and/or reading information on a record carrier that comprises a servo track, which device comprises means for scanning the servo track and demodulation means for retrieving position information from a signal generated by a variation of a physical parameter of the servo track at a predetermined frequency, which servo track has modulated parts for the encoding position information according to a predetermined type of modulation, and wherein the device comprises further demodulation means of a different type for retrieving management data from a management area in which the servo track comprises the management data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being according to the different type of modulation, the different type of modulation providing a higher data rate than the predetermined type of modulation.
7. A recording and/or playback device comprising means for writing and/or reading information blocks in an information track on a record carrier having a servo track (4) indicating the information track (9), said recording and/or playback device comprises means for scanning the servo track, and demodulation means for retrieving position information from a signal generated by a variation of a physical parameter of the servo track at a predetermined frequency, said servo track having modulated parts for encoding position information according to a predetermined type of modulation, characterized in that the recording and/or playback device further comprises further demodulation means of a type different from said demodulation means for retrieving management data from a management area in which the servo track comprises the management data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being modulated in accordance with the different type of modulation.
0. 32. A recording and/or playback device comprising:
means for scanning a record carrier for writing and/or reading information blocks represented by marks in an information track on a record carrier; and for reading a servo track on the record carrier, the servo track indicating the position of the information track and having modulated parts encoded with position information according to a predetermined type of modulation,
demodulation means for retrieving position information from a signal generated by a variation of a physical parameter of the servo track at a predetermined frequency,
further demodulation means, of a type different from said demodulation means, for retrieving management data from a management area of the servo track, the servo track of the management area comprising management data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being modulated in accordance with the different type of modulation, the management data being different than the position information.
2. The record carrier as claimed in
3. The record carrier as claimed in
4. The record carrier as claimed in
5. The record carrier as claimed in
8. The recording and/or playback device as claimed in
9. The recording and/or playback device as claimed in
0. 12. The record carrier as claimed in claim 11, wherein the predetermined type of modulation is a type of frequency or phase modulation of the periodic variation.
0. 13. The record carrier as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein according to the different type of modulation a transition from one side to another represents a 1 and no transition represents a 0.
0. 14. The record carrier as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein the different type of modulation is direct digital modulation in which logical values of bits are represented by displacements of the servo track in transverse direction.
0. 15. The record carrier as claimed in claim 14, wherein the direct digital modulation is a run length limited modulation.
0. 16. The record carrier as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein the permanent data comprises key blocks for copy-protection and/or digital rights management.
0. 17. The record carrier as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein a recording area of the servo track indicates an information track for recording information blocks represented by marks, and the management area is outside the recording area for recording the informaLion blocks.
0. 18. The record carrier as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein the management area has a track pitch between neighboring tracks larger than the track pitch in a recording area of the record carrier covered by the servo track indicating an information track for recording information blocks.
0. 19. The record carrier as claimed in claim 14, wherein the permanent data comprises key blocks for copy-protection and/or digital rights management.
0. 20. The record carrier as claimed in claim 14, comprising a recording area of the servo track wherein the servo track indicates an information track for recording information blocks represented by marks, and the management area is outside the recording area for recording information blocks.
0. 21. The record carrier as claimed in claim 14, wherein the management area has a track pitch between neighboring tracks larger than the track pitch in a recording area of the record carrier covered by the servo track indicating an information track for recording information blocks.
0. 22. The record carrier of claim 11, comprising a recording area with an information track indicated by the servo track, which information track is adapted for reading and/or recording information blocks represented by marks.
0. 24. The recording and/or playback device as claimed in claim 23, wherein the demodulation means are for demodulating frequency or phase modulation of the periodic variation.
0. 25. The recording and/or playback device as claimed in claim 23 or 24, wherein the further demodulation means are adapted for demodulating the different type of modulation wherein a transition from one side to another represents a 1 and no transition represents a 0.
0. 26. The recording and/or playback device as claimed in claim 23 or 24, wherein the further demodulation means are for demodulating direct digital modulation in which logical values of bits are represented by displacements of the servo track in transverse direction.
0. 27. The recording and/or playback device as claimed in claim 26, wherein the further demodulation means are for decoding run length limited modulation.
0. 28. The recording and/or playback device of claim 23, wherein the device is adapted for reading and/or writing information blocks in an information track in a recording area on the record carrier and the information track is indicated by the servo track on the record carrier.
0. 30. The method of manufacturing a record carrier of claim 29, in which the record carrier is provided with an information track for recording information blocks and wherein the information track is indicated by the servo track.
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Notice: More than one reissue application has been filed for the reissue of Pat. No. 7,110,332. The reissue applications are application Ser. Nos. 12/198,921 (the present application) and 13/528,202, all of which are divisional reissues of Pat. No. 7,110,332. The present application is a reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 7,110,332 filed Oct. 10, 2002 which claimed foreign priority of EPO 01203882.4 filed Oct. 15, 2001.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a record carrier comprising a servo track indicating an information track intended for recording information blocks represented by marks, this servo track having a periodic variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency, and modulated parts for encoding position information according to a predetermined type of modulation.
The invention further relates to a recording and/or playback device comprising means for writing and/or reading information blocks in an information track on a record carrier that comprises a servo track indicating the information track, the recording and/or playback device comprising means for scanning the servo track and demodulation means for retrieving position information from a signal generated by a variation of a physical parameter of the servo track at a predetermined frequency, the servo track having modulated parts for the encoding position information according to a predetermined type of modulation.
The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing the record carrier.
2. Description of the Related Art
A record carrier and device for reading and/or writing information are known from International Patent Application No. WO 00/43996, corresponding to U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,538,982 and 6,765,861 (PHN 17323). The information to be recorded is encoded into an information signal which includes address codes and is subdivided in accordance with the address codes into information blocks. The record carrier is of a recordable type and has a servo track, usually called pre-groove, for causing servo signals to be generated when scanning the track. A physical parameter, e.g., the radial position, of the pre-groove periodically varies at a predetermined frequency constituting a so-called wobble. During the scanning of the track, this wobble leads to a variation of the radial tracking servo signals and a wobble signal can be generated. The wobble is modulated according to a type of modulation using phase modulation for encoding position information. The phase modulation or frequency modulation used for encoding digital position information is selected to minimally disturb the component of the predetermined frequency in the wobble signal, because that component is used to control the recording speed. Hence, a majority of the periodic variations needs to be non-modulated, i.e., having the zero crossings not shifted from the nominal positions. During recording, the position information is retrieved from the wobble signal and is used for positioning the information blocks by keeping a predefined relation between the address codes in the information blocks and the position information. Further, permanent data may be accommodated on the record carrier using the modulation type of the position information, this permanent data possibly comprising data on the parameters for writing data on the record carrier or management information.
A problem of the known system is that accommodating permanent data on the record carrier is limited by the available data capacity of the servo track.
It is an object of the invention to provide a record carrier and device in which large amounts of permanent data can easily be accommodated.
According to the invention, a record carrier as defined in the opening paragraph is characterized in that the record carrier comprises a management area in which the servo track comprises permanent data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being in accordance with a different type of modulation. Further, the recording and/or playback device as described in the opening paragraph is characterized in that the device comprises further demodulation means of a different type for retrieving management data from a management area in which the servo track comprises the management data represented by further variations of said physical parameter, the further variations being in accordance with the different type of modulation.
The invention is based on the following recognition. The information density of the type of modulation used for position information is rather low. For example, in CD-R and DVD+RW recordable type of discs, some permanent data is multiplexed in the servo track using the modulation system of the position information. However, when a large amount of permanent data needs to be accommodated on the recordable disc, such would require a large part of the available servo track, and hence, a large access time would result for reading the permanent data. Alternatively, a separate area with read-only type of information, for example, encoded in pits and lands like on DVD-ROM, could be added to the recordable disc, resulting in a hybrid type of disc. However, such read-only area requires a separate production step for producing an area with readable marks with a depth equal to read-only type pressed marks. The inventors have seen that a different type of modulation of the same parameter used for position information provides the required higher data capacity in a limited amount of disc space. Advantageously, no additional production steps are needed, because the same parameter is modulated but in a different way. Further, in most cases, no additional detection circuits in the recorder or playback device are needed, only a modification of the detection function for detecting the modified type of modulation.
A further embodiment of the record carrier is characterized in that the predetermined type of modulation is a type of frequency or phase modulation of the periodic variation and/or the different type of modulation is direct digital modulation in which logical values of bits are represented by displacements of the servo track in transverse direction. The advantage is that the frequency or phase modulation has a limited effect on frequency component in the wobble signal, whereas the direct digital modulation has a high data rate, for example, when the bit frequency is chosen to be equal to the frequency of the periodic variation.
A further embodiment of the record carrier is characterized in that the direct digital modulation is a run-limited modulation (RLL). This has the advantage that a bit clock can be easily locked to the RLL data, because the maximum length of marks is limited. Using a minimal length of the marks of 1 bit clock period (usually called d=0 in the NRZI coding system) gives a high data rate.
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated further with reference to the embodiments described by way of example in the following description and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
In the Figures, elements which correspond to elements already described have the same reference numerals.
The variation of the servo track includes relatively large parts of monotone wobble, so called non-modulated parts. Further the servo track has relatively short parts where the frequency and/or phase of the wobble deviates from the predetermined wobble frequency, called modulated parts. In this document, any servo-pattern of a periodic nature in combination with any additional elements encoding information is referred to as a servo track having a periodic variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency, or wobble, that has modulated parts.
On re-writable optical discs, a need may arise to store a substantial amount of permanent information, e.g., for copy-protection and digital-rights-management purposes. Examples are media key blocks (MKB) and enabling key blocks (EKB) that are typically a few MBs large. The permanent information should be pre-embossed on the disc. A problem arises in groove-only formats in which the grooves are made shallow to optimize the performance of the phase-change recording. If one then wants to store the permanent information on the disc by straightforwardly embossing pits, these pits will be as shallow as the grooves and will consequently generate only a very small signal that is difficult or even impossible to detect using standard methods. One solution is to make the pits deeper than the grooves to enlarge the signal, but this is difficult and expensive for manufacturing. Another option is to detect the shallow pits using a tangential push-pull channel that is more sensitive for shallow structures than the conventional central-aperture channel. The detection of this channel is, however, not standard in optical recording and it is unclear how realistic this option is.
The solution proposed is to enhance the radial push-pull (RPP) channel for storing the permanent data on a re-writable disc. Also, the RPP detection system already present in recording systems using a pre-groove is more sensitive for shallow structures than the central-aperture channel. The RPP channel is already available in drives for wobble detection. Also, the same mastering facilities that are used to master the wobble can be applied for embossing the permanent information. Any type of modulation which encodes data at a sufficient rate may be used in the enhanced RPP channel. On the record carrier, the pre-groove has a part for storing data which only has wobble modulation for encoding address bits, for example, as described with reference to
In a practical embodiment, the amplitude of the transverse modulation is, for example, 10 to 40 nm, and the length of one bit may be equal to 320 nm to 640 nm. The length of the bit may be chosen to correspond to a fixed number of bit-lengths T of the user data, e.g., 4T or 8T. Advantageously, for the RLL coding, the d, k constraints may be selected as d=1 and k=7 using the same RLL coding as the main user data, and the bit-length as 2T, resulting in a minimum length of 4T of a mark in the resulting direct digital modulation.
Although the invention has been explained by embodiments using a wobble modulation, any other suitable parameter of the track may be modulated, e.g., the track width. Also, for the record carrier, an optical disc has been described, but other media, such as a magnetic disc or tape, may be used. It is noted that in this document, the word ‘comprising’ does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed, and the word ‘a’ or ‘an’ preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements, that any reference signs do not limit the scope of the claims, that the invention may be implemented by means of both hardware and software, and that several ‘means’ may be represented by the same item of hardware. Further, the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and the invention lies in each and every novel feature or combination of features described above.
Stek, Aalbert, Schep, Cornelis Marinus, Heemskerk, Jacques
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