A multi-fiber connector module for optical communications is provided that receives collimated beams of light from a transceiver module and focuses the collimated beams to respective focal points that coincide with the ends of respective transmit fibers. Because the inputs to the connector module are collimated light beams, movements of one or more parts of the connector and/or transceiver module will not result in optical losses as long as the movements are not so great as to prevent the collimated light beams from falling fully on the lenses of the optics system of the connector module. The lenses then focus the collimated light beams onto the ends of the transmit fibers.
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11. A method for coupling light beams output from a transceiver module that are at least substantially collimated onto end faces of ends of optical fibers secured to an optics system of a multi-optical fiber connector module, the method comprising:
in an optics system of a multi-optical fiber connector module, receiving the substantially collimated light beams with one or more optical components of the optics system of the multi-optical fiber connector module; and
with said one or more optical components of the optics system of the multi-optical fiber connector module, focusing each respective one of the substantially collimated light beams to focal points on the respective end faces of the respective ends of the respective transmit optical fibers, wherein the ends of the fibers are cleaved and left in as-cleaved conditions such that each respective end face has a roughness and angle relative to a longitudinal axes of the respective transmit optical fiber that result when the respective ends are cleaved, and wherein the ends of the transmit optical fibers are secured to the optics system of the connector module, and wherein an epoxy material covers the end faces, the epoxy material having a refractive index that at least substantially matches a refractive index of the transmit optical fibers.
1. A multi-optical fiber connector module comprising:
a connector module housing having one or more locking mechanisms configured to interlock with one or more locking mechanisms of a transceiver module housing to place the connector module in locking engagement with a transceiver module; and
an optics system having one or more optical components configured to receive a plurality of light beams from a transceiver module when the connector module is in locking engagement with a transceiver module, each of the received light beams being at least substantially collimated, said one or more optical components focusing each of the substantially collimated light beams onto a respective end face of a respective end of one of a plurality of transmit optical fibers, wherein the respective ends of the transmit optical fibers are cleaved and the respective end faces are left in as-cleaved conditions such that each respective end face has a roughness and angle relative to a longitudinal axes of the respective transmit optical fiber that occurs when the respective ends are cleaved, and wherein the ends of the transmit optical fibers are secured to the optics system of the connector module; and
an epoxy material covering the end faces, the epoxy material having a refractive index that at least substantially matches a refractive index of the transmit optical fibers.
2. The multi-optical fiber connector module of
a strain relief mechanism configured to provide strain relief to the ends of the optical fibers from forces exerted on the fibers external to the connector module housing.
3. The multi-optical fiber connector module of
one or more passive alignment mechanisms configured to mate with one or more passive alignment mechanisms of a transceiver module such that when the connector module is in locking engagement with a transceiver module, said one or more passive alignment mechanisms of the connector module are mated with said one or more passive alignment mechanisms of the transceiver module and the optics system of the connector module is optically aligned with an optics system of the transceiver module.
4. The multi-optical fiber connector module of
a plurality of V-grooves formed in a base of the optics system of the connector module, each of the ends of the optical fibers being disposed a respective V-groove; and
a cover configured to connect to the base of the optics system, the cover having one or more protrusions on an inner surface thereof that press against the fibers when the cover is connected to the base of the optics system of the connector module.
5. The multi-optical fiber connector module of
6. The multi-optical fiber connector module of
one or more optical components configured to receive light from one or more receive optical fibers and to focus the received light onto one or more respective receive photodiodes of a transceiver module connected in locking engagement with the connector module.
7. The multi-optical fiber connector module of
8. The multi-optical fiber connector module of
9. The multi-optical fiber connector module of
10. The multi-optical fiber connector module of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
one or more optical components configured to receive light from one or more receive optical fibers and to focus the received light onto one or more respective receive photodiodes of a transceiver module connected in locking engagement with the connector module.
17. The method of
0. 18. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 1, wherein the optics system includes a front end, a back end configured to receive the plurality of optical fibers and a recess disposed between the front end and the back end.
0. 19. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 18, wherein the front end is substantially trapezoidal.
0. 20. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 18, wherein the recess is substantially wedge-shaped.
0. 21. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 18, wherein at least one opening is disposed at an upper surface of the back end to allow access to the plurality of optical fibers.
0. 22. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 21, wherein a top cover is configured to be applied to the at least one opening, the cover having one or more protrusions on an inner surface thereof that are configured to restrict movement of the optical fibers when the cover is connected to the optics system of the connector module.
0. 23. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 18, wherein the recess is configured to house the one or more optical components.
0. 24. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 23, wherein the one or more optical components are a plurality of lenses.
0. 25. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 24, wherein the plurality of lenses are arranged in a row.
0. 26. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 1, wherein the optics system is in optical communication with the transceiver module.
0. 27. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 1, wherein a lower surface of the optics system includes at least one opening configured to engage with the transceiver module.
0. 28. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 1, wherein a surface area of at least one of the collimated light beams is smaller than a surface area of an optical component that collects the collimated light beams.
0. 29. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 1, wherein a portion of the collimated light beams is redirected to at least one reflective lens in a feedback mechanism configured to maintain a target output power of a plurality of laser diodes disposed within the transceiver module.
0. 30. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 1, wherein a portion of the collimated light beams is redirected to at least one reflective lens in a feedback mechanism configured to maintain an average output power of a plurality of laser diodes disposed within the transceiver module.
0. 31. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 1, further comprising a grating element configured to pass the collimated light beams to the one or more optical components or to redirect a portion of the collimated lights beam to at least one reflective lens, the at least one reflective lens configured to focus the collimated light beams and to pass the collimated light beams to a photodiode of the transceiver module.
0. 32. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 1, wherein the transceiver module includes a laser diode and one or more optical components configured to receive a plurality of light beams from the laser diode and substantially collimate the light beams.
0. 33. The multi-optical fiber connector module of claim 32, wherein the one or more optical components are a plurality of ball lenses.
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This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/862,200, entitled “TRANSCEIVER AND CONNECTOR”, filed on Oct. 19, 2006, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The invention relates to optical communications. More particularly, the invention relates to a multi-fiber connector module that couples light between elements of a transceiver module and ends of optical fibers in the connector module.
A plurality of monitor photodiodes 14 monitor the output power levels of the respective laser diodes 12 and produce respective electrical analog feedback signals that are delivered to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 15, which converts that electrical analog signals into digital signals. The digital signals are input to the transceiver controller 6, which processes them to obtain respective average output power levels for the respective laser diodes 12. The controller 6 outputs controls signals to the laser driver 11 to cause it to adjust the respective bias current signals output to the respective laser diodes 12 such that the average output power levels of the laser diodes are maintained at relatively constant levels.
The receiver portion 4 includes a plurality of receive photodiodes 21 that receive incoming optical signals output from the ends of respective receive optical fibers (not shown) held in the connector referred to above that mates with the transceiver module. An optics system (not shown) of the receiver portion 4 focuses the light output from the ends of the receive optical fibers onto the respective receive photodiodes 21. The connector may include an optics system that focuses light from the ends of the receive fibers onto the optics system of the receive portion of the transceiver module, which then focuses the light onto the photodiodes. The receive photodiodes 21 convert the incoming optical signals into electrical analog signals. An ADC 22 converts the electrical analog signals into electrical digital signals suitable for processing by the transceiver controller 6. The transceiver controller 6 processes the digital signals to recover the data represented by the signals.
The connector module 31 has an outer housing 34 and an inner housing 35. The inner housing has latching elements 36 thereon for securing the module 31 to a receptacle 61 of a transceiver module. A collar 31 surrounds the outer housing 34 of the connector module 31 and prevents the latching elements 36A and 36B from unlatching when the connector module 31 is connected to the transceiver module receptacle 61. The ends of the transmit and receive fibers are held within a multi-fiber ferrule 37 that extends slightly beyond the end 38 of the inner housing 35. The ends (not shown) of the fibers are polished and extend a very small distance beyond the end of the ferrule 38 such that the polished end of each fiber provides a flat optical element for coupling light between the polished end and an optical element (not shown) of the receptacle 61.
The MTP connector module 31 has been widely adopted due to its low wiggle loss, high optical coupling efficiency and high manufacturing yield. One of the disadvantages of the MTP connector module 31 is that it is relatively expensive due to the fact that the ends of the fibers must be polished and due to the fact that the parts must be manufactured with extremely high precision in order to achieve precise physical and optical alignment. Because of the precision with which physical alignment must be maintained in order to achieve the necessary optical coupling efficiency, any reduction in part precision will result in unacceptable optical losses. Attempts have been made to use cleaved fiber ends in the MTP connector module, but such attempts generally have been unsuccessful because they result in the connector modules having inconsistent optical coupling losses.
A multi-fiber connector known in the optical fiber connector industry as the PT connector module that uses cleaved fiber ends has been proposed. In the proposed PT connector module, the cleaved ends of the fibers are guided into V-grooves formed in the connector module and secured therein with a refractive index matching epoxy.
Although the PT connector module has a reduced cost associated with using cleaved fibers instead of polished fibers, like the MTP connector module, the parts of the PTC connector module must be made with extremely high precision in order to ensure low wiggle loss and low optical loss due to other factors, such as parts moving by unequal amounts as the temperature varies due to differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the various parts. This movement can cause optical misalignment, which results in optical losses along the optical path.
It would be desirable to provide a multi-fiber connector module that can be made with reduced cost by using cleaved fibers instead of polished fibers and that can be made with less expensive parts without sacrificing performance or manufacturing yield.
The invention provides a multi-optical fiber connector module comprising a connector module housing and an optics system. The connector module housing has one or more locking mechanisms configured to interlock with one or more locking mechanisms of a transceiver module housing to place the connector module in locking engagement with a transceiver module. The optics system has one or more optical components configured to receive a plurality of collimated light beams from a transceiver module when the connector module is in locking engagement with a transceiver module. The optical components focus each of the collimated light beams into an end of a respective transmit optical fiber. The ends of the transmit optical fibers are cleaved and secured to the optics system of the connector module.
The invention also provides a method for coupling collimated light beams output from a transceiver module into ends of optical fibers secured to an optics system of a multi-optical fiber connector module. The method comprises receiving the collimated light beams output from a transceiver module with one or more optical components of the optics system of the multi-optical fiber connector module, and, with the optical components, focusing each of the collimated light beams to focal points that coincide with the ends of respective transmit optical fibers. The ends of the transmit optical fibers are cleaved and secured to the optics system of the connector module.
These and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, drawings and claims.
In accordance with the invention, a connector module is configured to provide tight mechanical and optical coupling with the transceiver module with which it is designed to mate. The tight mechanical coupling prevents or minimizes relative movement between the connector and transceiver modules. By reducing relative movement between the connector and transceiver modules, it is ensured that the optics systems of the transceiver and connector modules will remain in optical alignment even if forces are exerted on one or both of the modules. The fiber ends held in the connector module are cleaved and are covered in a refractive index matching epoxy. A short distance away from the fiber ends, the fibers are held by a strain relief mechanism to prevent external forces exerted on the fibers from being translated to the fiber ends.
The optics system of the connector module is configured in such a way that some movement of the parts of the connector module can occur without resulting in optical losses. This feature of the invention allows more tolerance in manufacturing the connector module and in selecting the materials that are used for the parts. By providing more tolerance with respect to manufacturing and selecting materials for the parts, and by avoiding the use of polished fibers and the cost associated with the polishing process, the overall cost of the connector module can be kept relatively low in comparison to the cost of the known MTP connector module described above with reference to
A strain relief device 130 of the connector module 100 is configured to tightly grip the optical fiber ribbon cable 101, and snaps onto the housing 120 of the connector module 100 via a keying arrangement comprising connecting devices 191A and 191B formed in the housing 120 of the connector module 100, which are received in respective slots 131A and 131B, respectively, formed in the strain relief device 130.
The connector module 100 includes an optics system 140 in which the ends of the fibers 101A-101H are secured, as will be described below in more detail with reference to
Because the VCSEL driver IC 230 and the VCSEL IC 240 and receive photodiode IC 260 are mounted in such close proximity to one another, a slot 280 is formed in the leadframe 202 to create an air gap that thermally isolates the VCSEL driver IC 230 from the VCSEL IC 240 and the receive photodiode IC 260. The width of the slot is typically about 0.3 to 0.4 mm. However, the VCSEL driver IC 230 overhangs the slot 280 such that the air gap has a width that is typically about 0.1 to 0.2 mm. The slot 280 effectively prevents heat that flows from the VCSEL driver IC 230 into the portion 271 of the leadframe 202 from spreading to the portion 272 of the leadframe 202, and therefore thermally isolates the VCSEL IC 240 and the receive photodiode IC 260 from the VCSEL driver IC 230.
Some of the contact pads (not shown) of the ICs 230, 240, 250 and 260 are wire bonded to conductors of the PCB 203. Particular contact pads of the VCSEL driver IC 230 are directly wire bonded to particular contact pads of VCSEL IC 240. Likewise, particular contact pads of the VCSEL driver IC 230 are directly wire bonded to particular contact pads of the receive photodiode IC 260. The transceiver controller 210 is an IC that is also die attached to the PCB 203. The contact pads of the controller IC 210 are wire bonded to conductors of the PCB 203 to provide the electrical interconnections between the controller 210 and the ICs 230-260.
The direct wire bonds between pads of the VCSEL driver IC 230 and pads of the VCSEL IC 240 and receive photodiode IC 260 result in reduced lead lengths for these ICs. One of the important features of the invention is that the VCSEL driver IC 230 and the VCSEL IC 240 are in very close proximity to one another so that the wire bonds that form the leads that electrically interconnect pads of these two ICs are very short in length. Because the leads are very short in length, i.e., typically on the order of about 0.3 to 0.4 millimeters (mm) in length, they have very low inductances and thus do not degrade signal integrity or contribute appreciably to electromagnet interference (EMI). The same is true for the leads that interconnect the receive photodiode IC 160 and the VCSEL driver IC 230.
In order to allow these ICs to be placed in very close proximity to one another, it was necessary, or at least highly desirable, to thermally isolate the VCSEL IC 240 and the receive photodiode IC 260 from the VCSEL driver IC 230. As described above, the VCSEL driver IC generates a relatively large amount of heat, which can detrimentally affect the performance of the VCSEL IC. Likewise, the heat generated by the VCSEL driver IC 230 can detrimentally affect the performance of the receive photodiode IC 260. The manner in which the ICs 240 and 260 are thermally isolated from the VCSEL driver IC 230 will now be described with reference to
It should be noted that, although the connector module 100 of the invention is intended for use with the transceiver module 200, the connector module 100 is not limited to being used with a transceiver module 200 having the features described herein. The transceiver module 200 is merely an example of one transceiver module design that is suitable for use with the connector module of the invention.
One of the key features of the invention that is different from the known PT connector module described above is that the optical input to the connector module 100 from the transceiver module 200 is a collimated beam of light. In the known PT connector module described above with reference to
In contrast, in accordance with the invention, the optical inputs from the lasers of the transceiver module to the connector module are collimated light beams. The collimated beams output by the respective big-eye lenses disposed over the lasers can move without resulting in optical losses as long as the collimated beams are fully received by the respective lenses 142A-142D. For example, assuming the lenses 142A-142D are each ten micrometers in diameter larger than the collimated beams, the collimated beams can move in any direction by five micrometers and still fall fully on the respective lenses 142A-142D. Thus, even if the CTE of the lasers is different from the CTE of the connector module material in which the lenses 142A-142D are held, relative movement of these components will not result in optical losses as long as the diameters of the lenses 142A-142D is significantly larger than the diameters of the collimated beams. This feature of the invention allows materials to be selected and the parts to be manufactured with greater tolerance because lower precision alignment is needed to ensure that optical losses do not occur in comparison with the known MTP and PT connector modules.
In addition, as stated above, the lenses 142A-142D and the fibers 142A-142D are in the same material of the optics system 140. This means that the lenses 142A-142D and the fibers 101A-101D will move by the same amounts and in the same directions if connector module portions in which they are held expand or contract due to temperature variations. In other words, because these portions have the same CTE, the lenses 142A-142D and the ends of the fibers 101A-101D will always remain in optical alignment with each other even if the module portions in which they are held expand or contract. This is more important for the transmit side than for the receive side due to the fact that the apertures of the lasers (240) are smaller than the apertures of the receive photodiodes (260). Nevertheless, for the same reasons described above, it is also true that the lenses 142E-142H and the ends of the fibers 101E-101H will always remain in optical alignment with each other.
Protrusions 181 formed on the cover 150 correspond to the crushing features described above, which press against the fibers when the cover 150 is snapped in place to help ensure that the fiber ends do not move relative to the optics system 140 of the connector module 100. The protrusions 181 slightly deform when they are pressed against the fibers to tightly locate the fibers against the V-grooves formed in the cover 150. The index matching epoxy 160 secures the fibers to the base of the optics system and to the cover 150. The epoxy 160 ensures that light focused by the lenses 142A-142D will not diverge as it propagates between the lenses 142A-142D and the ends of the fibers 101A-101D.
In the receive side, light propagating out of the ends of the receive fibers 101E-101H is focused by the lenses 142E-142H onto an optical element (not shown) of the optics system 220 of the transceiver module 200, which directs the light onto the photodiodes of the receive photodiode IC 260. The epoxy 160 ensures that light will not diverge between the ends of the fibers 101E-101H and the lenses 142E-142H.
It should be noted that the invention has been described with respect to illustrative embodiments for the purpose of describing the principles and concepts of the invention. The invention is not limited to these embodiments. For example, while the invention has been described with reference to using particular optical components to control the optical path between the transceiver and connector modules, the invention is not limited to these components or to the overall configuration of the optical path. As will be understood by those skilled in the art in view of the description being provided herein, modifications may be made to the embodiments described to provide a system that achieves the goal of the invention, and all such modifications are within the scope of the invention.
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