To reduce viewing angle dependence of γ characteristics in a normally black liquid crystal display.
Each pixel 10 has a first sub-pixel 10a and a second sub-pixel 10b which can apply mutually different voltages to their respective liquid crystal layers. Relationships ΔV12 (gk)>0 volts and ΔV12 (gk)≧ΔV12 (gk+1) are satisfied at least in a range 0<gk≦n−1 if it is assumed that ΔV12=V1−V2, where ΔV12 is the difference between root-mean-square voltage V1 applied to the liquid crystal layer of the first sub-pixel 10a and root-mean-square voltage V2 applied to the liquid crystal layer of the second sub-pixel 10b.
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1. A liquid crystal display used in normally black mode, comprising a plurality of pixels each of which has a liquid crystal layer and a plurality of electrodes for applying voltage to the liquid crystal layer, wherein:
each of the plurality of pixels comprises a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel which can apply mutually different voltages to their respective liquid crystal layers; and
when each of the plurality of pixels displays a grayscale gk which satisfies 0≦gk≦n, where gk and n are integers not less than zero and a larger value of gk corresponds to higher brightness, n represents the highest grayscale, and at least the range of 0<gk≦n−1 includes gk which satisfies relationships ΔV12 (gk)>0 volts and ΔV12 (gk)≧ΔV12 (gk+1) if it is assumed that ΔV12 (gk)=V1 (gk)−V2 (gk), where V1 (gk) and V2 (gk) are root-mean-square voltages applied to the liquid crystal layers of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel, respectively.
0. 22. A display method for a liquid crystal display used in a normally black mode, the method comprising:
supplying a scan signal voltage to at least one scan line to turn on a first and a second switching element connected to the at least one scan line, the first switching element and second switching element respectively being further connected to a first sub-pixel electrode forming a first sub-pixel of a pixel and a second sub-pixel electrode forming a second sub-pixel of the pixel, wherein a first liquid crystal capacitor is formed by the first sub-pixel electrode, a counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween and wherein a second liquid crystal capacitor is formed by the second sub-pixel electrode, the counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween; and
applying display signal voltages to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes, via a first signal line and a second signal line respectively connected to the first and second switching elements, such that mutually different root-mean-square voltages are applied to the first signal line and the second signal line, respectively;
wherein the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display one of a plurality of grayscales in cooperation with each other, and
the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are arranged in a direction crossing the at least one scan line, and wherein
when the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display an intermediate grayscale in cooperation with each other, the first sub-pixel displays a first intermediate grayscale and the second sub-pixel displays a second intermediate grayscale.
0. 12. A liquid crystal display used in a normally black mode, comprising:
a plurality of pixels, each pixel including a first sub-pixel electrode and a second sub-pixel electrode forming a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, respectively;
a first switching element and a second switching element respectively connected to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes;
at least one scan line connected to the first and second switching elements;
a first signal line and a second signal line respectively connected to the first and second switching elements;
a counter electrode;
a first liquid crystal capacitor formed by the first sub-pixel electrode, the counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween;
a second liquid crystal capacitor formed by the second sub-pixel electrode, the counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween;
wherein when the first and second switching elements are turned on by a scan signal voltage supplied to the at least one scan line, display signal voltages are applied to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes such that mutually different root-mean-square voltages are applied to the first signal line and the second signal line, respectively;
wherein the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display one of a plurality of grayscales in cooperation with each other; and
the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are arranged in a direction crossing the at least one scan line; and wherein
when the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display an intermediate grayscale in cooperation with each other, the first sub-pixel displays a first intermediate grayscale and the second sub-pixel displays a second intermediate grayscale.
0. 28. A display method for a liquid crystal display used in a normally black mode, the method comprising:
supplying a scan signal voltage to at least one scan line to turn on a first and a second switching element connected to the at least one scan line, the first switching element and second switching element respectively being further connected to a first sub-pixel electrode forming a first sub-pixel of a pixel and a second sub-pixel electrode forming a second sub-pixel of the pixel, wherein a first liquid crystal capacitor is formed by the first sub-pixel electrode, a counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween and wherein a second liquid crystal capacitor is formed by the second sub-pixel electrode, the counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween; and
applying display signal voltages to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes, via a first signal line and a second signal line respectively connected to the first and second switching elements, such that mutually different root-mean-square voltages are applied across the liquid crystal layers of the first and second sub-pixels;
wherein the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display one of a plurality of grayscales in cooperation with each other, and
the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are arranged in a direction crossing the at least one scan line, wherein
when the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display an intermediate grayscale in cooperation with each other, the first sub-pixel displays a first intermediate grayscale and the second sub-pixel displays a second intermediate grayscale, and
a grayscale range of 0<gk<n includes at least one pair of grayscales gk2 and gk2′ which satisfies relationships gk2<gk2′ and V2(gk2)/v1(gk2)≧V2(gk2′)/v1(gk2′) if it is assumed that 0 is a minimum grayscale, n is a maximum grayscale and v1(gk) and V2(gk) are root-mean-square voltages applied to the liquid crystal layers of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel, respectively, and v1(gk2)>V2(gk2).
0. 27. A display method for a liquid crystal display used in a normally black mode, the method comprising:
supplying a scan signal voltage to at least one scan line to turn on a first and a second switching element connected to the at least one scan line, the first switching element and second switching element respectively being further connected to a first sub-pixel electrode forming a first sub-pixel of a pixel and a second sub-pixel electrode forming a second sub-pixel of the pixel, wherein a first liquid crystal capacitor is formed by the first sub-pixel electrode, a counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween and wherein a second liquid crystal capacitor is formed by the second sub-pixel electrode, the counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween; and
applying display signal voltages to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes, via a first signal line and a second signal line respectively connected to the first and second switching elements, such that mutually different root-mean-square voltages are applied across the liquid crystal layers of the first and second sub-pixels;
wherein the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display one of a plurality of grayscales in cooperation with each other, and
the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are arranged in a direction crossing the at least one scan line, wherein
when the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display an intermediate grayscale in cooperation with each other, the first sub-pixel displays a first intermediate grayscale and the second sub-pixel displays a second intermediate grayscale, and
a grayscale range of 0<gk<n includes at least one pair of grayscales gk1 and gk1′ which satisfies relationships gk1<gk1′ and ΔV12(gk1)≧ΔV12(gk1′) if it is assumed that 0 is a minimum grayscale, n is a maximum grayscale and ΔV12(gk)=V1(gk)−V2(gk), where v1(gk) and V2(gk) are root-mean-square voltages applied to the liquid crystal layers of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel, respectively, and v1(gk1)>V2(gk1).
0. 26. A liquid crystal display used in a normally black mode, comprising:
a plurality of pixels, each pixel including a first sub-pixel electrode and a second sub-pixel electrode forming a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, respectively;
a first switching element and a second switching element respectively connected to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes;
at least one scan line connected to the first and second switching elements;
a first signal line and a second signal line respectively connected to the first and second switching elements;
a counter electrode;
a first liquid crystal capacitor formed by the first sub-pixel electrode, the counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween;
a second liquid crystal capacitor formed by the second sub-pixel electrode, the counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween;
wherein when the first and second switching elements are turned on by a scan signal voltage supplied to the at least one scan line, display signal voltages are applied to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes such that mutually different root-mean-square voltages are applied across the liquid crystal layers of the first and second sub-pixels;
wherein the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display one of a plurality of grayscales in cooperation with each other; and
the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are arranged in a direction crossing the at least one scan line, wherein
when the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display an intermediate grayscale in cooperation with each other, the first sub-pixel displays a first intermediate grayscale and the second sub-pixel displays a second intermediate grayscale, and
a grayscale range of 0<gk<n includes at least one pair of grayscales gk2 and gk2′ which satisfies relationships gk2<gk2′ and V2(gk2)/v1(gk2)≦V2(gk2′)/v1(gk2′) if it is assumed that 0 is a minimum grayscale, n is a maximum grayscale and v1(gk) and V2(gk) are root-mean-square voltages applied to the liquid crystal layers of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel, respectively, and v1(gk2)>v1(gk2).
0. 25. A liquid crystal display used in a normally black mode, comprising:
a plurality of pixels, each pixel including a first sub-pixel electrode and a second sub-pixel electrode forming a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, respectively;
a first switching element and a second switching element respectively connected to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes;
at least one scan line connected to the first and second switching elements;
a first signal line and a second signal line respectively connected to the first and second switching elements;
a counter electrode;
a first liquid crystal capacitor formed by the first sub-pixel electrode, the counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween;
a second liquid crystal capacitor formed by the second sub-pixel electrode, the counter electrode and a liquid crystal layer therebetween;
wherein when the first and second switching elements are turned on by a scan signal voltage supplied to the at least one scan line, display signal voltages are applied to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes such that mutually different root-mean-square voltages are applied across the liquid crystal layers of the first and second sub-pixels;
wherein the first sub-pixel and the second sub pixel display one of a plurality of grayscales in cooperation with each other; and
the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are arranged in a direction crossing the at least one scan line, wherein
when the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel display an intermediate grayscale in cooperation with each other, the first sub-pixel displays a first intermediate grayscale and the second sub-pixel displays a second intermediate grayscale, and
a grayscale range of 0<gk<n includes at least one pair of grayscales gk1 and gk1′ which satisfies relationships gk1<gk1′ and ΔV12(gk1)≧ΔV12(gk1′) if it is assumed that 0 is a minimum grayscale, n is a maximum grayscale and ΔV12(gk)=V1(gk)−V2(gk), where v1(gk) and V2(gk) are root-mean-square voltages applied to the liquid crystal layers of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel, respectively, and v1(gk1)>V2(gk1).
2. The liquid crystal display according to
each of the plurality of pixels comprises a third sub-pixel which can apply a voltage different from those of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel to its liquid crystal layer; and
when each of the plurality of pixels displays a grayscale gk, a relationship 0 volts<ΔV13 (gk)<ΔV12 (gk) is satisfied if the root-mean-square voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer of the third sub-pixel is V3 (gk) and ΔV13 (gk)=V1 (gk)−V3 (gk).
3. The liquid crystal display according to
4. The liquid crystal display according to
5. The liquid crystal display according to
the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel each comprise:
a liquid crystal capacitor formed by a counter electrode and a sub-pixel electrode opposing the counter electrode via the liquid crystal layer, and
a storage capacitor formed by a storage capacitor electrode connected electrically to the sub-pixel electrode, an insulating layer, and a storage capacitor counter electrode opposing the storage capacitor electrode via the insulating layer; and
the counter electrode is a single electrode shared by the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel, and the storage capacitor counter electrodes of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are electrically independent of each other.
6. The liquid crystal display according to
wherein the two switching elements are turned on and off by scan line signal voltages supplied to a common scan line; display signal voltages are applied to the respective sub-pixel electrodes and storage capacitor electrodes of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel from a common signal line when the two switching elements are on; voltages of the respective storage capacitor counter electrodes of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel change after the two switching elements are turned off; and the amounts of change defined by the direction and magnitude of the change differ between the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel.
7. The liquid crystal display according to
8. The liquid crystal display according to
9. The liquid crystal display according to
the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are placed on opposite sides of the common signal line;
the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel each have, on the counter electrode side, a plurality of ribs protruding towards the liquid crystal layer and the plurality of ribs include a first rib extending in a first direction and a second rib extending in a second direction approximately orthogonal to the first direction; and
the first rib and the second rib are placed symmetrically with respect to a center line parallel to the common scan line in each of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel and the arrangement of the first rib and the second rib in one of the first and second sub-pixels is symmetrical with respect to the arrangement of the first rib and the second rib in the other sub-pixel.
10. The liquid crystal display according to
11. The liquid crystal display according to
0. 13. The liquid crystal display according to claim 12, wherein the at least one scan line is a single scan line commonly connected to the first and second switching elements.
0. 14. The liquid crystal display according to claim 12, wherein both of the first sub-pixel electrode and the second sub-pixel electrode are located between the first signal line and the second signal line.
0. 15. The liquid crystal display according to claim 12, wherein
an aspect ratio of one of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel is closer to 1:1 than an aspect ratio of a pixel including the one of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel.
0. 16. The liquid crystal display according to claim 15, wherein
each of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel includes multiple domains in which the liquid crystal molecules in each of the multiple domains align in different directions when a voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layers.
0. 17. The liquid crystal display according to claim 16, wherein the each of the plurality of pixels includes four domains which are approximately 90 degrees different in azimuth direction in which their liquid crystal molecules align when a voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layers.
0. 18. The liquid crystal display according to claim 17, wherein the azimuth directions of the four domains are upper right, upper left, lower left, and lower right.
0. 19. The liquid crystal display according to claim 18, wherein
the number of the multiple domains included in each of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel is four.
0. 20. The liquid crystal display according to claim 12, wherein
a region of one of the plurality of pixels is a rectangular shape having a longitudinal direction which crosses the at least one scan line.
0. 21. The liquid crystal display according to claim 12, wherein when the first and second switching elements are turned on by a scan signal voltage supplied to the at least one scan line, display signal voltages are applied to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes such that mutually different root-mean-square voltages are applied across the liquid crystal layers of the first and second sub-pixels.
0. 23. The display method according to claim 22, wherein the scan signal voltage is applied to a single scan line commonly connected to the first and second switching elements.
0. 24. The display method according to claim 22, wherein applying the display signal voltages to the first and second sub-pixel electrodes, via a first signal line and a second signal line respectively connected to the first and second switching elements, further includes applying the display voltage such that mutually different root-mean-square voltages are applied across the liquid crystal layers of the first and second sub-pixels.
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Vlcb=Vs−Vd
At this time, the voltages Vcsa and Vcsb of the respective storage capacitor lines are:
Vcsa=Vcom−Vad
Vcsb=Vcom+Vad
At time T3, the voltage Vcsa of the storage capacitor line 24a connected to the storage capacitor Csa changes from “Vcom−Vad” to “Vcom+Vad” and the voltage Vcsb of the storage capacitor line 24b connected to the storage capacitor Csb changes by twice Vad from “Vcom+Vad” to “Vcom−Vad.” As a result of the voltage changes of the storage capacitor lines 24a and 24b, voltages Vlca and Vlcb of the respective sub-pixels change to:
Vlca=Vs−Vd+2×K×Vad
Vlcb=Vs−Vd−2×K×Vad
where, K=CCS/(CLC (V)+CCS)
At time T4, Vcsa changes from “Vcom+Vad” to “Vcom−Vad” and Vcsb changes from “Vcom−Vad” to “Vcom+Vad,” by twice Vad. Consequently, Vlca and Vlcb change from:
Vlca=Vs−Vd+2×K×Vad
Vlcb=Vs−Vd−2×K×Vad
To:
Vlca=Vs−Vd
Vlcb=Vs−Vd
At time T5, Vcsa changes from “Vcom−Vad” to “Vcom+Vad,” by twice Vad and Vcsb changes from “Vcom+Vad” to “Vcom−Vad,” by twice Vad. Consequently, Vlca and Vlcb change from:
Vlca=Vs−Vd
Vlcb=Vs−Vd
To:
Vlca=Vs−Vd+2×K×Vad
Vlcb=Vs−Vd−2×K×Vad
Vcsa, Vcsb, Vlca, and Vlcb alternate the above changes at T4 and T5 at intervals of an integral multiple of horizontal write time 1H. The multiple—1, 2, or 3—used for the alternating intervals can be set, as required, by taking into consideration a drive method (method of polarity inversion, etc.) and display conditions (flickering, graininess, etc.) of the liquid crystal display. These alternating cycles are repeated until the pixel 10 is rewritten the next time, i.e., until a time equivalent to T1. Thus, effective values of the voltages Vlca and Vlcb of the sub-pixels are:
Vlca=Vs−Vd+K×Vad
Vlcb=Vs−Vd−K×Vad
Thus, the root-mean-square voltages V1 and V2 applied to the liquid crystal layers 13a and 13b of the sub-pixels 10a and 10b are:
V1=Vlca−Vcom
V2=Vlcb−Vcom
Hence,
V1=Vs−Vd+K×Vad−Vcom
V2=Vs−Vd−K×Vad−Vcom
Therefore, difference ΔV12 (=V1−V2) between the root-mean-square voltages applied to the liquid crystal layers 13a and 13b of the sub-pixels 10a and 10b is given as ΔV12=2×K×Vad (where, K=CCS/(CLC (V)+CCS)). This means that mutually different voltages can be applied.
The relationship between V1 and V2 according to this embodiment shown in
As can be seen from
The γ characteristics of the liquid crystal display 200 according to this embodiment is shown in
As described above, embodiments of the present invention can improve the γ characteristics of normally black liquid crystal displays, especially MVA liquid crystal displays. However, the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to IPS liquid crystal displays as well.
Next, description will be given of liquid crystal displays according to embodiments in a second aspect of the present invention.
Description will be given of a preferred form of a pixel arrangement (array of sub-pixels) or drive method which can reduce “flickering” on a liquid crystal display where each pixel has at least two sub-pixels differing from each other in brightness when displaying an intermediate grayscale. Although configuration and operation of the liquid crystal display according to this embodiment will be described here taking as an example the liquid crystal display with the divided pixel structure according to the embodiment in the first aspect of the present invention, the effect produced by a pixel arrangement is not restricted by a method of pixel division, and a liquid crystal display with another divided-pixel structure may be used as well.
A problem of “flickering” on a liquid crystal display will be described first.
Typical liquid crystal displays are designed to use alternating voltage as the voltage applied to liquid crystal layers of pixels (sometimes referred to as an “ac driving method”) from a reliability point of view. Magnitude relationship in potential between pixel electrode and counter electrode is reversed at certain time intervals, and consequently, direction of the electric field (electric lines of force) applied to each liquid crystal layer is reversed at the time intervals. With typical liquid crystal displays in which the counter electrode and pixel electrode are mounted on different substrates, the direction of the electric field applied to each liquid crystal layer is reversed from the light source-to-viewer direction to the viewer-to-light source direction.
Typically, the direction reversal cycle of the electric field applied to each liquid crystal layer is twice (e.g., 33.333 ms) the frame period (e.g., 16.667 ms). In other words, in a liquid crystal display, the direction of the electric field applied to each liquid crystal layer is reversed each time a displayed image (frame image) changes. Thus, when displaying a still image, if electric field strengths (applied voltages) in alternate directions do not match exactly, i.e., if the electric field strength changes each time the direction of the electric field changes, the brightness of pixels changes with changes in the electric field strength, resulting in flickering of the display.
To prevent flickering, it is necessary to equate the electric field strengths (applied voltages) in alternate directions exactly. However, with liquid crystal displays produced industrially, it is difficult to exactly equate the electric field strengths in alternate directions. Therefore, to reduce flickering, pixels with electric fields opposite in direction are placed next to each other, thereby averaging brightness of pixels spatially. Generally, this method is referred to as “dot inversion” or “line inversion.” Various “inversion driving” methods are available, including inversion of a checkered pattern on a pixel by pixel basis (row-by-row, column-by-column polarity inversion: 1-dot inversion), line-by-line inversion (row-by-row inversion: 1-line inversion), and polarity inversion every two rows and every column. One of them is selected as required.
As described above, to implement high quality display, preferably the following three conditions are satisfied: (1) use ac driving so that the direction of the electric field applied to each liquid crystal layer is reversed at certain time intervals, for example, every frame period, (2) equate the voltages applied to each liquid crystal layer (or quantities of electric charge stored in the liquid crystal capacitor) in alternate field directions as well as quantities of electric charge stored in the storage capacitor, and (3) place pixels opposite in the direction of the electric field (sometimes referred to as “voltage polarity”) applied to the liquid crystal layer, next to each other in each vertical scanning period (e.g., frame period). Incidentally, the term “vertical scanning period” can be defined as the period after a scan line is selected until the scan line is selected again. One scanning period is equivalent to one frame period in the case of non-interlaced driving and corresponds to one field period in the case of interlaced driving. Also, in each vertical scanning period, the difference (period) between the time when a scan line is selected and the time when the scan line is selected again is referred to as one horizontal scanning period (1 H).
The above-described embodiment of the present invention implements display with excellent viewing angle characteristics by dividing each pixel into at least two sub-pixels and making their brightness (transmittance) different from each other. The inventor found that when each pixel is divided into a plurality of sub-pixels which are intentionally made to vary in brightness, it is preferable that a fourth condition concerning sub-pixel arrangement is satisfied in addition to the three conditions described above. Specifically, it is preferable that the sub-pixels which are intentionally made to vary in brightness are placed in random order of brightness whenever possible. It is most preferable in terms of display quality not to place sub-pixels equal in brightness next to each other in the column or row direction. In other word, most preferably sub-pixels equal in brightness are arranged in a checkered pattern.
A drive method, pixel arrangement, and sub-pixel arrangement suitable for the above-described embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
An example of a drive method for the liquid crystal display according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
Description will be given below, citing an example in which pixels are arranged in a matrix (rp, cq) with a plurality of rows (1 to rp) and plurality of columns (1 to cq), where each pixel is expressed as P (p, q) (where 1≦p≦rp and 1≦q≦cq) and has at least two sub-pixels SPa (p, q) and SPb (p, q), as shown in
As shown in
Next, description will be given of how the liquid crystal display according to this embodiment satisfies the four conditions described above. For the simplicity of explanation, it is assumed that all pixels are displaying an intermediate grayscale.
In
Since all pixels are displaying an intermediate grayscale, all display signal voltages (waveforms (a) and (b) in
As described above with reference to
In the example shown in
Consequently, if the display signal voltage (waveform (a) or (b)) in
The first symbol H or L indicates the magnitude relationship of the root-mean-square voltage applied to the sub-pixel, where the symbol H means that the applied root-mean-square voltage is high while the symbol L means that the applied root-mean-square voltage is low. The second symbol “+” or “−” indicates the magnitude relationship of voltages between the counter electrode and sub-pixel electrode. In other words, it indicates the directions of the electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer. The symbol “+” means that the voltage of the sub-pixel electrode is higher than the voltage of the counter electrode while the symbol “−” means the voltage of the sub-pixel electrode is lower than the voltage of the counter electrode. The third symbol A or B indicates whether the appropriate storage capacitor line is CS-A or CS-B.
Look at the states of sub-pixels SPa (1, 1) and SPb (1, 1) of the pixel P (1, 1), for example. As can be seen from the waveforms (a) to (e) shown in
According to the waveform (b) shown in
According to the waveform (a) shown in
The liquid crystal display according to this embodiment can be driven in such a way as to satisfy the first condition.
Since
Furthermore, in the liquid crystal display according to this embodiment, to prevent the magnitude relationship of the sub-pixels of the pixels, i.e., the order of brightness of the sub-pixels in a display screen (relative positions of “H” and “L” in
Now, we will examine whether the second condition is satisfied, i.e., whether the liquid crystal layer of each sub-pixel (storage capacitor of the sub-pixel) is charged to the same level in different field directions. In the liquid crystal display according to this embodiment, where different root-mean-square voltages are applied to the liquid crystal layers of the sub-pixels in each pixel, display quality such as flickering is decisively influenced by sub-pixels ranked high in brightness, i.e., the sub-pixels indicated by the symbol “H” in
The second condition will be described with reference to voltage waveforms shown in
The liquid crystal capacitor and storage capacitor of sub-pixels are charged during the period when the voltage of the corresponding scan line is VgH (selection period PS). The quantity of electric charge stored in the liquid crystal capacitor depends on the voltage difference between the display signal voltage of the signal line and counter voltage (not shown in
As shown in
There are two types of storage capacitor line CS-A and CS-B. The voltage waveform of CS-A is the same during the selection period of any scan line. Similarly, the voltage waveform of CS-B is the same during the selection period of any scan line. In other words, the DC component (DC level) of the voltage of the storage capacitor lines takes the same value during the selection period of any scan line.
Thus, it is possible to satisfy the second condition by adjusting the DC components (DC levels) of the following voltages as required: display signal voltage of each scan line, voltage of the counter electrode, and voltage of each storage capacitor line.
Next, we will verify whether the third condition is satisfied, i.e., whether pixels opposite in field direction are placed next to each other in each frame period. In the liquid crystal display according to this embodiment, where different root-mean-square voltages are applied to the liquid crystal layers of sub-pixels in each pixel, the third condition applies to the relationship between the sub-pixels which are supplied with the same root-mean-square voltage as well as to the pixels. It is especially important that the third condition be satisfied by the sub-pixels ranked high in brightness, i.e., the sub-pixels indicated by the symbol “H” in
As shown in
Next, we will look at the sub-pixels ranked high in brightness, i.e., the sub-pixels indicated by the symbol “H” in
Referring to
Next, we will discuss the fourth condition. The fourth condition requires that sub-pixels equal in brightness should not be placed next to each other among the sub-pixels which are intentionally made to vary in brightness.
According to this embodiment, the sub-pixels which are intentionally made to vary in brightness, i.e., the sub-pixels which have different root-mean-square voltages applied to their liquid crystal layers intentionally are indicated by the symbol “H” or “L” in
In
Looking at the matrix, at the pixel level, the correspondence between the order of brightness of the sub-pixels in each pixel and position of the sub-pixels arranged in the column direction changes in the row direction periodically (every pixel) in the case of a pixel in an arbitrary row, but it is constant in the case of a pixel in an arbitrary column. Thus, in a pixel P (p, q) in an arbitrary row, the brightest sub-pixel (sub-pixel indicated by “H,” in this example) is SPa (p, q) when q is an odd number, and SPb (p, q) when q is an even number. Of course, conversely, the brightest sub-pixel may be SPb (p, q) when q is an odd number, and SPa (p, q) when q is an even number. On the other hand, in a pixel P (p, q) in an arbitrary column, the brightest sub-pixel is always SPa (p, q) or SPb (p, q) in the same column regardless of whether p is an odd number or even number. The alternative of SPa (p, q) or SPb (p, q) here means that the brightest sub-pixel is SPa (p, q) in an odd-numbered column regardless of whether p is an odd number or even number while it is SPb (p, q) in an even-numbered column regardless of whether p is an odd number or even number.
As described above with reference to
Next, a liquid crystal display according to another embodiment using a different drive method for pixels and sub-pixels will be described with reference to
As shown in
With the liquid crystal display according to this embodiment, again every pixel consists of two sub-pixels which are intentionally made to vary in brightness and are indicated by the symbol “H” or “L.” Furthermore, as shown in
However, the embodiment shown in
Now, we will look at the brighter sub-pixels Pa (1, 1), Pa (2, 1), Pa (3, 1), and Pa (4, 1) of the pixels P (1, 1), P (2, 1), P (3, 1), and P (4, 1) shown in the first to fourth rows of the first column in
Also, in terms of the third condition to arrange the sub-pixels with the same polarity so as not to adjoin each other as much as possible, this embodiment is inferior to the embodiment described with reference to
Referring to
Display quality was actually compared between the drive method of the previous embodiment which implements the pixel arrangement shown in
Next, with reference to
According to the embodiment shown in
Even in the embodiment shown in
The pixel arrangement shown in
As shown schematically in
The voltage waveforms (a)−(j) shown in
Although in the embodiments described above, the storage capacitor counter voltages supplied to the storage capacitor lines are oscillating voltages which have rectangular waveforms with a duty ratio of 1:1, the present invention can also use rectangular waves with a duty ratio of other than 1:1. Besides other waveforms such as sine waves or triangular waves may also be used. In that case, when TFTs connected to a plurality of sub-pixels are turned off, the changes which occur in the voltages supplied to the storage capacitor counter electrodes of sub-pixels can be varied depending on the sub-pixels. However, the use of rectangular waves makes it easy to equate quantities of electric charge stored in different sub-pixels (liquid crystal capacitors and storage capacitors) as well as root-mean-square voltages applied to different sub-pixels.
Also, although in the embodiments described above with reference to
As described above, the first aspect of the present invention can reduce the viewing angle dependence of γ characteristics in a normally black liquid crystal display. In particular, it can achieve extremely high display quality by improving γ characteristics of liquid crystal displays with a wide viewing angle such as MVA or ASV liquid crystal displays.
The second aspect of the present invention can reduce flickering on a liquid crystal display driven by alternating voltage. By combining the first and second aspects of the present invention it is possible to provide a normally black liquid crystal display with reduced flickering, improved viewing angle characteristics, and high quality display.
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