A solid-state imaging device includes: an optical filter in which a filter layer is formed on a transparent substrate; a solid-state imaging component that is arranged to be opposed to the optical filter and in which plural pixels that receive light made incident via the filter layer are arrayed in a pixel area of a semiconductor substrate; and a bonding layer that is provided between the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component and sticks the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together.
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0. 11. An imaging device comprising:
an optical filter in which a filter layer is formed on a transparent substrate of the optical filter;
a solid-state imaging component that is arranged to be opposed to the optical filter and in which plural pixels that receive light made incident via the filter layer are arrayed in a pixel area of a semiconductor substrate; and
a bonding layer that is provided between the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component and sticks the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together, wherein
the filter layer is a dielectric multilayer film in which plural dielectric layers having a high refractive index and plural dielectric layers having a low refractive index are alternately stacked and is formed to cover a portion corresponding to the pixel area and a part of a first area located outside of the pixel area on a surface of the transparent substrate on a side opposed to the solid-state imaging component,
the bonding layer is provided to be at least in contact with the transparent substrate of the optical filter and the filter layer of the optical filter,
the solid-state imaging component includes a wiring layer provided on the semiconductor substrate,
the wiring layer includes a pad electrode in a portion corresponding to the first area,
the pad electrode is electrically connected to a bump, the bump being provided, via a conductive layer, on a side of the solid-state imaging component opposite to an incident side of the light,
an insulating layer is provided between the semiconductor substrate and the conductive layer, and
a side end face of the filter layer inclines to be reduced in width from a side of the transparent substrate toward a side of the solid-state imaging component.
0. 28. A solid-state imaging device comprising:
an optical filter in which a filter layer is formed on a transparent substrate of the optical filter;
a solid-state imaging component that is arranged to be opposed to the optical filter and in which plural pixels that receive light made incident via the filter layer are arrayed in a pixel area of a first semiconductor substrate, the solid-state imaging component including a first multilayer wiring layer provided on the first semiconductor substrate, the first multilayer wiring layer including a plurality of wiring layers, the first multilayer wiring layer extending in an in-plane direction parallel to layers of the solid-state imaging device;
a logic circuit component stacked on the solid-state imaging component and including a second semiconductor substrate and a second multilayer wiring layer provided on the second semiconductor substrate, the second multilayer wiring layer including a plurality of wiring layers, the second multilayer wiring layer extending in the in-plane direction parallel to the layers of the solid-state imaging device, the first multilayer wiring layer and the second multilayer wiring layer being arranged to face each other,
a bonding layer that is provided between the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component and sticks the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together, wherein
the filter layer is a dielectric multilayer film in which plural dielectric layers having a high refractive index and plural dielectric layers having a low refractive index are alternately stacked and is formed to cover a portion corresponding to the pixel area and a part of a first area located outside of the pixel area on a surface of the transparent substrate on a side opposed to the solid-state imaging component,
the second multilayer wiring layer includes a pad electrode in a portion corresponding to the first area,
the pad electrode is electrically connected to a bump, the bump being provided, via a conductive layer, on a side of the logic circuit component opposite to an incident side of the light, the conductive layer including a first part and a second part, the first part extending in the in-plane direction, the first part being connected the bump, one end of the second part being connected to the first part at a connecting point, another end of the second part being connected to the pad electrode, the connecting point being located between the another end of the second part and the bump in a plane view of the solid-state imaging device, the second part being tilted with respect to a perpendicular line perpendicular to the layers of the solid-state imaging device such that the one end of the second part is located closer to the pixel area than the another end of the second part in the plane view, and
a side end face of the filter layer inclines to be reduced in width from a side of the transparent substrate toward a side of the solid-state imaging component.
0. 1. A solid-state imaging device comprising:
an optical filter in which a filter layer is formed on a transparent substrate;
a solid-state imaging component that is arranged to be opposed to the optical filter and in which plural pixels that receive light made incident via the filter layer are arrayed in a pixel area of a semiconductor substrate; and
a bonding layer that is provided between the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component and sticks the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together, wherein
the filter layer is a dielectric multilayer film in which plural dielectric layers having a high refractive index and plural dielectric layers having a low refractive index are alternately stacked and is formed to cover a portion corresponding to the pixel area and a part of an area located around the pixel area on a surface of the transparent substrate on a side opposed to the solid-state imaging component, and
the bonding layer is provided to be at least in contact with, in a peripheral portion of surfaces of the solid-state imaging component and the optical filter opposed to each other, a portion not covered by the filter layer and a peripheral portion of the filter layer on the transparent substrate.
0. 2. The solid-state imaging device according to
a cavity section is provided between the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component opposed to each other,
in the solid-state imaging component, the pixel area is provided such that the pixels receive light made incident via the cavity section, and
the bonding layer is provided to surround a periphery of the cavity section between the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component opposed to each other.
0. 3. The solid-state imaging device according to
0. 4. The solid-state imaging device according to
a side end face of the filter layer inclines to be reduced in width from a side of the transparent substrate toward a side of the solid-state imaging component, and
the bonding layer is provided to cover a tilting side end face of the filter layer.
0. 5. A method of manufacturing a solid-state imaging device, comprising the steps of:
forming an optical filter by forming a filter layer on a transparent substrate;
forming a solid-state imaging component by providing, in a pixel area of a semiconductor substrate, plural pixels which receive light; and
sticking the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together by providing a bonding layer between the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component opposed to each other such that the pixels receive light made incident via the filter layer, wherein
in the step of forming an optical filter, the filter layer is formed by providing, to cover a portion corresponding to the pixel area and a part of an area located around the pixel area on a surface of the transparent substrate on a side opposed to the solid-state imaging component, a dielectric multilayer film in which plural dielectric layers having a high refractive index and plural dielectric layers having a low refractive index are alternately stacked, and
in the step of sticking the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together, the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component are stuck together by providing the bonding layer to be at least in contact with, in a peripheral portion of a surface opposed to the semiconductor substrate on the transparent substrate, a portion not covered by the filter layer and a peripheral portion of the filter layer.
0. 6. The method of manufacturing a solid-state imaging device according to
in the step of forming an optical filter, a plurality of the optical filters are formed on the transparent substrate,
in the step of forming a solid-state imaging component, a plurality of the solid-state imaging components are formed on the semiconductor substrate,
in the step of sticking the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together, the transparent substrate and the semiconductor substrate are aligned and stuck together such that each of the plural optical filters and each of the plural solid-state imaging components correspond to each other, and
dicing is carried out for the transparent substrate and the semiconductor substrate stuck together to divide transparent substrate and the semiconductor substrate into plural solid-state imaging devices.
0. 7. The method of manufacturing a solid-state imaging device according to
0. 8. The method of manufacturing a solid-state imaging device according to
the step of forming an optical filter includes the steps of:
forming a photoresist pattern to be located above an area other than an area where the filter layer is formed on a surface of the transparent substrate;
forming, to cover an upper surface of the transparent substrate and an upper surface of the photoresist pattern, a filter layer on the surface of the transparent substrate on which the photoresist pattern is formed; and
removing the photoresist pattern, the upper surface of which is covered with the filter layer, and
in the step of forming a photoresist pattern, the photoresist pattern is formed to have a sectional shape having small width on a side close to the transparent substrate and gradually having larger width farther away from the transparent substrate.
0. 9. The method of manufacturing a solid-state imaging device according to
in the step of forming an optical filter, a notch pattern same as a notch shape formed on the semiconductor substrate is formed on the transparent substrate simultaneously with the formation of the filter layer, and
in the step of sticking the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together, the semiconductor substrate and the transparent substrate are aligned using the notch shape of the semiconductor substrate and the notch pattern of the transparent substrate.
0. 10. An electronic apparatus comprising:
an optical filter in which a filter layer is formed on a transparent substrate;
a solid-state imaging component that is arranged to be opposed to the optical filter and in which plural pixels that receive light made incident via the filter layer are arrayed in a pixel area of a semiconductor substrate; and
a bonding layer that is provided between the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component and sticks the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together, wherein
the filter layer is a dielectric multilayer film in which plural dielectric layers having a high refractive index and plural dielectric layers having a low refractive index are alternately stacked and is formed to cover a portion corresponding to the pixel area and a part of an area located around the pixel area on a surface of the transparent substrate on a side opposed to the solid-state imaging component, and
the bonding layer is provided to be at least in contact with, in a peripheral portion of surfaces of the solid-state imaging component and the optical filter opposed to each other, a portion not covered by the filter layer and a peripheral portion of the filter layer on the transparent substrate.
0. 12. The imaging device according to claim 11, wherein
the bonding layer sticks the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together in non-directly-touching fashion.
0. 13. The imaging device according to claim 11, wherein
the bonding layer is provided to be in direct contact with the solid-state imaging component.
0. 14. The imaging device according to claim 11, wherein
the bonding layer is provided not to be in direct contact with the solid-state imaging component.
0. 15. The imaging device according to claim 14, wherein
the bonding layer is provided to be in contact with the solid-state imaging component via a low-refractive index layer provided on the solid-state imaging component.
0. 16. The imaging device according to claim 11, wherein
the bonding layer is provided on a part of a bottom surface of the filter layer facing the solid-state imaging component.
0. 17. The imaging device according to claim 16, wherein
a cavity section is provided on a remaining part of the bottom surface of the filter layer other than the part of the bottom surface of the filter layer.
0. 18. The imaging device according to claim 11, wherein
the bonding layer is provided on an entire area of a bottom surface of the filter layer facing the solid-state imaging component.
0. 19. The imaging device according to claim 11, further comprising:
a low-refractive index layer that is arranged on the solid-state imaging component, wherein
the solid-state imaging component is stuck with the optical filter by the bonding layer on an upper surface of the low-refractive index layer.
0. 20. The imaging device according to claim 19, further comprising:
micro lenses provided in the low-refractive index layer such that the micro lenses are covered by the low-refractive index layer.
0. 21. The imaging device according to claim 19, wherein
the thickness of the low-refractive index layer is about 0.3 μm to 5 μm.
0. 22. The imaging device according to claim 11, wherein
the bonding layer is provided over entire surfaces of the solid-state imaging component and the optical filter.
0. 23. The imaging device according to claim 11, wherein
the bonding layer is provided in a center portion of surfaces of the solid-state imaging component and the optical filter besides a peripheral portion of the surfaces.
0. 24. The imaging device according to claim 11, wherein
the solid-state imaging component includes a logic circuit component electrically connected to the plural pixels.
0. 25. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 11, wherein
a via hole is formed to expose a part of the pad electrode in the first area, and
the insulating layer is provided between the semiconductor substrate and the conductive layer at least in the via hole.
0. 26. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 25, wherein
the via hole includes a taper surface.
0. 27. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 11, wherein
the insulating layer includes an opening at a portion corresponding to the pad electrode, and
the conductive layer is electrically connected with the pad electrode via the opening.
0. 29. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 28, wherein
an insulating layer is provided between the second semiconductor substrate and the conductive layer.
0. 30. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 29, wherein
a via hole is formed to expose a part of the pad electrode in the first area, and
the insulating layer is provided between the second semiconductor substrate and the conductive layer at least in the via hole.
0. 31. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 30, wherein
the via hole includes a taper surface.
0. 32. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 29, wherein
the insulating layer includes an opening at a portion corresponding to the pad electrode, and
the conductive layer is electrically connected with the pad electrode via the opening.
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More than one reissue application has been filed for the reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 8,872,293. The reissue applications are application Ser. No. 14/749,380; and application Ser. No. 14/750,418 (i.e., this present application, which is a continuation reissue of application Ser. No. 14/749,380).
The present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging device and a method of manufacturing the solid-state imaging device. Further, the present disclosure relates to an electronic apparatus such as a camera including the solid-state imaging device. The present application is a continuation of Reissue U.S. application Ser. No. 14/749,380, filed Jun. 24, 2015, which is a Reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 8,872,293, and in turn contains subject matter related to Japanese Patent Application 2011-029963 filed in the Japanese Patent Office on Feb. 15, 2011, and Japanese Patent Application 2011-029966 filed in the Japanese Patent Office on Feb. 15, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
An electronic apparatus such as a digital video camera or a digital still camera includes a solid-state imaging device. For example, the electronic apparatus includes, as the solid-state imaging device, a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor chip or a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor chip.
In the solid-state imaging device, plural pixels are arranged in an array shape on an imaging surface. In each of the pixels, a photoelectric conversion section is provided. The photoelectric conversion section is, for example, a photodiode. The photoelectric conversion section receives, on a light receiving surface, light made incident via an optical system including an external imaging lens and photoelectrically converts the light to generate signal charges.
The solid-state imaging device is manufactured in a form of, for example, a chip-size package. Specifically, a glass substrate is stuck to be opposed to one surface of a silicon wafer on which plural solid-state imaging components (sensor components) are provided. Partition walls are provided to divide, with an adhesive material, the solid-state imaging components adjacent to one another to stick the glass substrate. A through silicon via is formed in the silicon wafer to wire one surface and the other surface of the silicon wafer. After a bump is formed on the other surface, dicing is carried out to reduce the silicon wafer to a chip size. Consequently, the solid-state imaging device is manufactured in the form of the chip-size package.
In the solid-state imaging device, in order to improve image quality of a picked-up image, an optical filter is provided between the external imaging lens and the imaging surface. For example, an infrared cut filter for cutting an infrared ray other than visible light is arranged as the optical filter. This makes it possible to improve color reproducibility.
For example, a multilayer film is deposited on one surface of the glass substrate stuck in the chip-size package to provide an infrared cut filter layer, whereby the glass substrate is caused to function as the infrared cut filter (see, for example, JP-A-2001-203913 (e.g., paragraph [0014])).
In order to satisfy spectral characteristics of visible light, the infrared cut filter layer including the multilayer film is formed by, for example, depositing thirty to sixty layers on one surface of the glass substrate to form a film. Therefore, the glass substrate could be warped by stress due to the film formation.
Therefore, it could be difficult to stick together the glass substrate on which the infrared cut filter layer including the multilayer film is provided and the silicon wafer on which pixels are provided. Besides, a problem could be caused in conveyance and chucking in forming the through silicon via.
In particular, when the infrared cut filter layer including the multilayer film is provided on a large glass substrate equal to or larger than an 8-inch square, a large warp tends to occur. For example, when a 12-inch glass substrate is used, a warp of several millimeters occurs. In this way, when the large glass substrate is used, occurrence of the deficiencies explained above becomes apparent.
When the infrared cut filter layer including the multilayer film is provided, the infrared cut filter layer could peel because of impact in a manufacturing process.
In particular, when the infrared cut filter layer including the multilayer film is provided on a surface of the glass substrate on the opposite side of a surface stuck to the silicon wafer, scratches could occur on the infrared cut filter layer in the conveyance and chucking. When a lens is bonded to a chip-size package, the infrared cut filter layer including the multilayer film could peel from an interface with the glass substrate. When the conveyance and chucking are performed while the glass substrate is supported on the surface on which the infrared cut filter layer is provided, the air could leak from a pattern of the infrared cut filter layer. Therefore, it could be difficult to improve manufacturing efficiency.
Besides, when the infrared cut filter includes other components, since different components are used, cost could increase. The thickness of the entire infrared cut filter could increase.
As explained above, when the glass substrate on which the infrared cut filter layer including the multilayer film is used, it is not easy to manufacture the device. It could be difficult to improve manufacturing efficiency. Further, reliability of the device could be deteriorated. Besides, it could be difficult to reduce the cost of the device and reduce the size of the device.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a solid-state imaging device, a method of manufacturing the solid-state imaging device, and an electronic apparatus that make it possible to realize improvement of manufacturing efficiency, a reduction in cost, improvement of reliability, and a reduction in size.
An embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a solid-state imaging device including: an optical filter in which a filter layer is formed on a transparent substrate; a solid-state imaging component that is arranged to be opposed to the optical filter and in which plural pixels that receive light made incident via the filter layer are arrayed in a pixel area of a semiconductor substrate; and a bonding layer that is provided between the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component and sticks the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together. The filter layer is a dielectric multilayer film in which plural dielectric layers having a high refractive index and plural dielectric layers having a low refractive index are alternately stacked. The filter layer is formed to cover a portion corresponding to the pixel area and a part of an area located around the pixel area on a surface of the transparent substrate on a side opposed to the solid-state imaging component. The bonding layer is provided to be at least in contact with, in a peripheral portion of surfaces opposed to each other in the solid-state imaging component and the optical filter, a portion not covered by the filter layer and a peripheral portion of the filter layer on the transparent substrate.
Another embodiment is directed to a method of manufacturing a solid-state imaging device, including the steps of: forming an optical filter by forming a filter layer on a transparent substrate; forming a solid-state imaging component by providing, in a pixel area of a semiconductor substrate, plural pixels which receive light; and sticking the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together by providing a bonding layer between the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component opposed to each other such that the pixels receive light made incident via the filter layer. In the step of forming an optical filter, the filter layer is formed by providing, to cover a portion corresponding to the pixel area and a part of an area located around the pixel area on a surface of the transparent substrate on a side opposed to the solid-state imaging component, a dielectric multilayer film in which plural dielectric layers having a high refractive index and plural dielectric layers having a low refractive index are alternately stacked. In the step of sticking the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component together, the optical filter and the solid-state imaging component are stuck together by providing the bonding layer to be at least in contact with, in a peripheral portion of a surface of the transparent substrate opposed to the semiconductor substrate, a portion not covered by the filter layer and a peripheral portion of the filter layer.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the filter layer is formed by covering, with the dielectric multilayer film, the portion corresponding to the pixel area and a part of the area located around the pixel area on the surface of the transparent substrate on the side opposed to the solid-state imaging component. The optical filter and the solid-state imaging component are stuck together by providing the bonding layer to be at least in contact with, in the peripheral portion of the surface opposed to the semiconductor substrate on the transparent substrate, the portion not covered by the filter layer and the peripheral portion of the filter layer.
According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a solid-state imaging device, a method of manufacturing the solid-state imaging device, and an electronic apparatus that make it possible to realize improvement of manufacturing efficiency, a reduction in cost, improvement of reliability, and a reduction in size.
Embodiments of the present disclosure are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiments are explained in order described below.
1. First Embodiment (a cavity structure)
2. Second Embodiment (a cavity-less structure)
3. Third Embodiment (stack plural registration patterns to form a filter layer)
4. Fourth Embodiment (a filter layer has a taper shape)
5. Fifth Embodiment (a three-dimensional mounting structure)
6. Others
(1-1) Main Part Configuration of a Camera
As shown in
The solid-state imaging device 1 receives, on an imaging surface PS, incident light H made incident as a subject image via an optical system 42 and photoelectrically converts the incident light H to thereby generate signal charges. The solid-state imaging device 1 is driven on the basis of a control signal output from the control unit 43. The solid-state imaging device 1 reads out the signal charges and outputs the signal charges as an electric signal.
The optical system 42 includes optical members such as a focusing lens and an aperture and is arranged to condense the incident light H on the imaging surface PS of the solid-state imaging device 1.
The control unit 43 outputs various control signals to the solid-state imaging device 1 and the signal processing unit 44 and controls to drive the solid-state imaging device 1 and the signal processing unit 44.
The signal processing unit 44 carries out signal processing for the electric signal output from the solid-state imaging device 1 to thereby generate, for example, a color digital image.
(1-2) Main Part Configuration of the Solid-State Imaging Device
A main part configuration of the solid-state imaging device 1 is explained.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The units included in the solid-state imaging device 1 are explained in order.
(a) Sensor Component 100
The sensor component 100 included in the solid-state imaging device 1 is explained.
As shown in
As explained in detail later, in the pixels in the pixel area PA, as shown in
(a-1) Overall Configuration of the Sensor Component 100
In the sensor component 100, as shown in
In the sensor component 100, as shown in
Specifically, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The shutter driving circuit 19 selects the pixels P in a row unit and adjusts an exposure time in the pixels P.
(a-2) Main Part Configuration of the Sensor Component 100
In the sensor component 100, as shown in
In the sensor component 100, as shown in
In the sensor component 100, in the pixel area PA, as shown in
In the sensor component 100, in the surrounding area SA, as shown in
(a-3) Configuration of the Pixel P
As shown in
In the pixel P, plural photodiodes 21 are arranged to correspond to the plural pixels P shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In the pixel P, plural pixel transistors Tr are arranged to correspond to the plural pixels P shown in
Although not shown in
In the pixel transistor Tr, the transfer transistor 22 transfers signal charges generate by the photodiode 21 to the floating diffusion FD. Specifically, as shown in
In the pixel transistor Tr, the amplification transistor 23 amplifies a signal by the signal charges transferred by the transfer transistor 22 and outputs the signal. Specifically, as shown in
In the pixel transistor Tr, the selection transistor 24 outputs an electric signal from the pixel P to the vertical signal line 27 on the basis of the selection signal SEL. Specifically, as shown in
In the pixel transistor Tr, the reset transistor 25 resets the gate potential of the amplification transistor 23. Specifically, as shown in
The wires such as the transfer line 26, the address line 28, the vertical signal line 27, and the reset line 29 shown in
As explained above, in the pixels P, the color filters CF and the micro lenses ML are provided.
In the pixel P, the color filter CF colors the incident light H and transmits the incident light H to alight receiving surface JS of the semiconductor substrate 101. For example, the color filter CF is formed by applying application liquid containing a coloring pigment and photoresist resin with a coating method such as a spin coat method to form a coating film and then patterning the coating film with a lithograph technique.
As shown in
As shown in
In the pixel P, as shown in
First, as shown in
Subsequently, at third point of time t3, the reset signal is changed to a low level to set the reset transistor 25 in a non-conduction state. Thereafter, a voltage corresponding to the reset level is read out to the column circuit 14.
At fourth point of time t4, the transfer signal is changed to the high level to set the transfer transistor 22 in the conduction state. Signal charges accumulated in the photodiode 21 are transferred to the floating diffusion FD.
At fifth point of time t5, the transfer signal is changed to the low level to set the transfer transistor 22 in the non-conduction state. Thereafter, a voltage of a signal level corresponding to an amount of the accumulated signal charges is read out to the column circuit 14.
The column circuit 14 subjects the reset level read out earlier and the signal level read out later to differential processing and accumulates signals. Consequently, fixed pattern noise caused by, for example, fluctuation in Vth of the transistors provided for each of the pixels P is cancelled.
Since the gates of the transistors 22, 24, and 25 are connected in a row unit including the plural pixels P arranged side by side in the horizontal direction x, the operation for driving the pixels as explained above is simultaneously performed for the plural pixels P arranged side by side in the row unit. Specifically, the pixels are sequentially selected in the vertical direction in a horizontal line (pixel row) unit according to the selection signal supplied by the vertical driving circuit 13. The transistors of the pixels are controlled by various timing signals output from the timing generator 18. Consequently, output signals in the pixels P are read out to the column circuit 14 for each pixel column through the vertical signal line 27.
Signals accumulated by the column circuit 14 are selected by the horizontal driving circuit 15 and sequentially output to the external output circuit 17.
(b) Infrared Cut Filter 300
The infrared cut filter 300 included in the solid-state imaging device 1 is explained.
As shown in
As shown in
In other words, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed to cover an area larger than the area corresponding to the pixel area PA of the sensor component 100 on the glass substrate 301. The infrared cut filter layer 311 is also formed to cover, without covering an entire area opposed to the sensor component 100, an area smaller than the opposed area on the glass substrate 301.
The infrared cut filter layer 311 is a dielectric multilayer film. Specifically, in the infrared cut filter layer 311, dielectric layers having a high refractive index and dielectric layer having a low refractive index are alternately stacked. The infrared cut filter layer 311 reflects and cuts light in an infrared region through interference action of the layers and selectively transmits light in a visible region.
(c) Bonding Layer 501
The bonding layer 501 included in the solid-state imaging device 1 is explained.
As shown in
In this embodiment, the bonding layer 501 is provided in contact with a peripheral portion not covered with the infrared cut filter layer 311 on the glass substrate 301 of the infrared cut filter 300. At the same time, the bonding layer 501 is provided in contact with a peripheral portion of the infrared cut filter layer 311 on the infrared cut filter 300. Specifically, the bonding layer 501 is provided in contact with a side end face of the infrared cut filter layer 311 and a side end of a surface of the infrared cut filter layer 311 opposed to the sensor component 100.
(2) Manufacturing Method
A main part of a manufacturing method for manufacturing the solid-state imaging device 1 is explained below.
In this embodiment, as shown in
Details of the steps are explained.
(a) Formation of the Sensor Component 100
First, the sensor component 100 is formed as shown in step (a) in
As shown in step (a) in
Specifically, the units such as the pixel P are appropriately provided in each of areas CA, where plural solid-state imaging devices are provided on the semiconductor wafer 101W, to provide the plural sensor components 100.
(b) Formation of the Infrared Cut Filter 300
Subsequently, the infrared cut filter 300 is formed as shown in step (b) in
As shown in step (b) in
Specifically, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is provided in each of the areas CA, where plural solid-state imaging devices are provided, on a surface of the glass wafer 301W opposed to the sensor component 100 to form the plural infrared cut filters 300.
For example, a glass wafer having a coefficient of linear expansion same as that of the semiconductor wafer 101W is used as the glass wafer 301W. For example, a glass wafer having a value of a coefficient of linear expansion (CTE=3.2 ppm) same as that of the semiconductor wafer 101W and having thickness of 500 μm is used as the glass wafer 301W. Besides, a glass wafer having a value of a coefficient of linear expansion (CTE=2.9 to 3.5 ppm) close to that of the semiconductor wafer 101W is also suitably used.
The infrared cut filter layer 311 is provided in a state in which the glass wafer 301W is supported by a manufacturing apparatus on a surface of the glass wafer 301W on the opposite surface of the surface opposed to the sensor component 100. In other words, the glass wafer 301W is supported on a surface of the glass wafer 301W on the opposite side of the surface on which the infrared cut filter layer 311 is provided. For example, the glass wafer 301W is supported by a vacuum chuck, an electrostatic chuck, or a mechanical chuck. The glass wafer 301W is supported on the surface and conveyed.
In this embodiment, as shown in
Specifically, first, as shown in step (a1) in
The photoresist pattern PR is formed to be located above an area other than an area where the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed on the upper surface of the glass wafer 301W.
For example, after a photosensitive resin film (not shown) is formed on the upper surface of the glass wafer 301W, the photosensitive resin film (not shown) is patterned by the photolithography technique to form the photoresist pattern PR.
In this embodiment, the photoresist pattern PR is formed to have a sectional shape having small width on a side close to the glass wafer 301W and gradually having larger width farther away from the glass wafer 301W. In other words, the photoresist pattern PR is formed such that a cross section thereof is formed in a reverse taper shape.
For example, the photoresist pattern PR is formed to satisfy conditions explained below.
Conditions for the Photoresist Pattern PR
Thickness: 6.5 μm to 11 μm (The thickness needs to be larger than the thickness of the dielectric multilayer film formed as the infrared cut filter layer 311 by stacking thirty to sixty layers. The layers of the dielectric multilayer film need to have thickness of ¼λ. When averaged, the thickness of each of the layers is 150 nm (600 nm/4). Therefore, the thickness of the dielectric multilayer film is 4.5 μm to 9 μm. The photoresist pattern PR is suitably formed thicker than the thickness of the dielectric multilayer film by about 2 μm.)
Angle of inclination: 87° to 89°
Material: Resist for lift-off
Distance among photoresist patterns PR: 50 μm to 800 μm (Because remaining width after dicing is necessary for bonding strength. Before dicing, dicing street width 30 μm to 100 μm+(min 50 to 300×2))
As shown in step (a2) in
The infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed to cover the upper surface of the glass wafer 301W on which the photoresist pattern PR is formed. Consequently, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed on the upper surface of the photoresist pattern PR as well as on the upper surface of the glass wafer 301W.
Specifically, a dielectric multilayer film in which high-refractive index layers and low-refractive index layers are alternately stacked is formed to form the infrared cut filter layer 311.
For example, the high-refractive index layers are formed using a material such as TiO2, Ta2O5, or Nb2O5. The low-refractive index layers are formed using a material such as SiO2 or MgF2. For example, thirty to sixty layers of the high-refractive index layers and the low-refractive index layers are stacked to form the infrared cut filter layer 311. For example, the high-refractive index layers and the low-refractive index layers are formed by a physical film formation method such as a vacuum vapor deposition method, ion assist deposition, an ion plating method, or a sputtering method.
Subsequently, as shown in step (a3) in
The photoresist pattern PR, on the upper surface of which the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed as explained above, is removed. Consequently, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed in a desired pattern on the upper surface of the glass wafer 301W. Specifically, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
(c) Sticking Together of the Sensor Component 100 and the Infrared Cut Filter 300
Subsequently, as shown in step (c) in
The top and the bottom of the glass wafer 301W on which the infrared cut filter 300 is provided are reversed. Thereafter, the upper surface of the supported semiconductor wafer 101W and the lower surface of the glass wafer 301W on which the infrared cut filter layer 311 is provided are set opposed to each other. Then, the semiconductor wafer 101W and the glass wafer 301W are aligned and stuck together. In other words, the glass substrate 301 and the semiconductor substrate 101 are aligned and stuck together such that each of the plural infrared cut filters 300 and each of the plural sensor components 100 correspond to each other.
Specifically, in each of the areas CA where the plural solid-state imaging devices are provided, the sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 are stuck together such that the hollow cavity section 600 is provided in the center portion of the surfaces of the sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 opposed to each other.
In each of the areas CA where the plural solid-state imaging devices are provided, the sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 are stuck together by providing the bonding layer 501 in a peripheral portion of the surfaces of the sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 opposed to each other.
For example, after the bonding layer 501 is formed in a lattice shape to divide the areas CA where the plural solid-state imaging devices are provided on the surface of the semiconductor wafer 101W, the glass wafer 301W is aligned and stuck with the semiconductor wafer 101W.
For example, the bonding layer 501 is formed to satisfy conditions explained below.
Conditions for the Bonding Layer 501
Thickness: 10 μm to 70 μm (Actually, 50 μm. Because interference fringes due to diffraction occurs if the bonding layer 501 is thin)
Width: At least about 200 μm
Material: Photosensitive acrylic epoxy adhesive
Consequently, as shown in
(d) Reversal
Subsequently, as shown in step (d) in
The reversal is performed such that a surface on the opposite side of a surface of the sensor component 100 opposed to the infrared cut filter 300 faces upward. The sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 stuck together are supported by the manufacturing apparatus on a surface on the opposite side of a surface of the infrared cut filter 300 on which the infrared cut filter layer 311 is provided. In other words, the sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 stuck together are supported on the lower surface of the glass wafer 301W.
(e) Formation of Bumps 402
Subsequently, as shown in step (e) in
The bumps 402 are formed on the surface on the opposite side of the surface of the sensor component 100 opposed to the infrared cut filter 300. In other words, the bumps 402 are formed on a surface opposite to a surface of the semiconductor wafer 101W opposed to the glass wafer 301W.
Specifically, prior to the formation of the bumps 402, via holes VH are formed in the semiconductor substrate 101 included in the sensor component 100 to expose the surfaces of pad electrodes PAD. After the insulating layer 400 and the conductive layer 401 are provided, the bumps 402 are formed using a metal material (see
(f) Dicing
Subsequently, as shown in step (f) in
The dicing is carried out in scribe areas among the plural solid-state imaging devices 1 to divide a wafer-like object in which the plural solid-state imaging devices 1 are provided into each of the solid-state imaging devices 1. The dicing is carried out for the glass wafer 301W and the semiconductor wafer 101W stuck together to divide into the plural solid-state imaging devices 1.
In this way, the solid-state imaging device 1 is completed by performing the dicing to divide the semiconductor wafer 101W into plural semiconductor substrates 101 and divide the glass wafer 301W into plural glass substrates 301.
(3) Conclusion
As explained above, in the solid-state imaging device in this embodiment, in the infrared cut filter 300, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed on the glass substrate 301. The sensor component 100 is arranged to be opposed to the infrared cut filter 300. The plural pixels that receive light made incident via the infrared cut filter layer 311 are arrayed in the pixel area PA of the semiconductor substrate 101. The bonding layer 501 is provided between the infrared cut filter 300 and the sensor component 100 to stick the infrared cut filter 300 and the sensor component 100 together.
The infrared cut filter layer 311 is the dielectric multilayer film in which the plural dielectric layers having a high refractive index and the plural dielectric layers having a low refractive index are alternately stacked. The infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed to cover the portion corresponding to the pixel area PA and a part of the surrounding area SA located around the pixel area PA on the surface of the glass substrate 301 on the side opposed to the sensor component 100. The bonding layer 501 is in contact with, in the peripheral portion of the surfaces of the sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 opposed to each other, the portion not covered with the infrared cut filter layer 311 on the glass substrate 301 and the peripheral portion of the infrared cut filter layer 311.
As shown in
Therefore, in the comparative example, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is not fixed to the glass substrate 301 by the bonding layer 501. Therefore, the infrared cut filter layer 311 could peel from the glass substrate 301. The image quality of a picked-up image could be deteriorated by the peeled infrared cut filter layer 311. In particular, when a pixel size is refined (e.g., 1.4 μm square), the influence of the image quality deterioration is serious and the deficiencies explained above tend to occur.
On the other hand, in this embodiment, as shown in
Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to suitably prevent the infrared cut filter layer 311 from peeling from the glass substrate 301.
Besides, since the side end of the infrared cut filter layer 311 is not in an exposed state, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is less easily affected by moisture included in the outdoor air. Therefore, it is possible to suitably prevent the peeling.
In this embodiment, in the step of forming the infrared cut filter 300, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed on the glass substrate 301 by the lift-off method. Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in step (a2) in
In this embodiment, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed on the side of the glass substrate 301 opposed to the semiconductor substrate 101. Therefore, the surface of the glass substrate 301 on which the infrared cut filter layer 311 is not formed is exposed and the surface of the glass substrate 301 on which the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed is not exposed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent scratches from occurring on the infrared cut filter layer 311 because of handling in a manufacturing process.
Further, in this embodiment, in the step of forming the infrared cut filter 300, the notch pattern same as the notch shape (not shown) formed on the semiconductor substrate 101 is formed on the glass substrate 301 simultaneously with the formation of the infrared cut filter layer 311. In the sticking step, the semiconductor substrate 101 and the glass substrate 301 are aligned using the notch shape of the semiconductor substrate 101 and the notch pattern of the glass substrate 301.
Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to easily realize improvement of manufacturing efficiency, a reduction in cost, improvement of reliability, and a reduction in size.
As shown in
As shown in
However, in this embodiment, unlike the bonding layer 501 in the first embodiment, the cavity section 600 (see
The sensor component 100 is stuck with the infrared cut filter 300 by the bonding layer 501b on the upper surface of the low-refractive index layer 110. The bonding layer 501b is provided over the entire surfaces of the sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 opposed to each other. The sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 are stuck together by the bonding layer 501b. In other words, besides the peripheral portion of the surfaces of the sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 opposed to each other, the bonding layer 501b is provided in the center portion of the surfaces.
Specifically, the bonding layer 501b is provided in contact with both the surface of the glass substrate 301 of the infrared cut filter 300 not covered with the infrared cut filter layer 311 and the surface of the infrared cut filter layer 311 opposed to the sensor component 100.
For example, a siloxane, epoxy, or acrylic adhesive is suitably used for the bonding layer 501b. In particular, the siloxane adhesive is suitable because the siloxane adhesive is excellent in heat resistance and chemical resistance in a manufacturing process and excellent in transparency and light resistance when used in the solid-state imaging device.
In this embodiment, the cavity section 600 (see
When the cavity section 600 is provided, light condensation occurs according to a lens effect due to a difference between a refractive index (e.g., about 1.6) of the micro lenses ML and a refractive index (1) of the air. However, when the entire cavity section 600 is filled with an adhesive, since a refractive index difference between a refractive index (about 1.5) of the adhesive and the refractive index (e.g., about 1.6) of the micro lenses ML is small, the light condensing efficiency falls. Therefore, the micro lenses ML are formed using a material having a high refractive index (e.g., 1.8 to 2.2) and the low-refractive index layer 110 is formed using a material having a low refractive index (e.g., 1.33 to 1.45). Consequently, the refractive index difference increases to about 0.6 and the light condensing efficiency can be improved.
As explained above, as in the first embodiment, the infrared cut filter layer 311 in this embodiment is formed to cover the portion corresponding to the pixel area PA and a part of the surrounding area SA on the surface of the glass substrate 301 on the side opposed to the sensor component 100. The bonding layer 501b is at least in contact with, in the peripheral portion of the surfaces of the sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 opposed to each other, the portion of the glass substrate 301 not covered with the infrared cut filter layer 311 and the peripheral portion of the infrared cut filter layer 311.
In this embodiment, unlike the bonding layer 501 in the first embodiment, the bonding layer 501b is provided over the entire surfaces of the infrared cut filter 300 and the sensor component 100 opposed to each other. In other words, the solid-state imaging device has a cavity-less structure.
Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to more suitably prevent occurrence of peeling. In particular, it is possible to suitably prevent occurrence of peeling due to a heat cycle.
As shown in
In this embodiment, as shown in
In the formation of the infrared cut filter 300, first, as shown in step (a1) in
The photoresist pattern PR is formed to be located above an area other than an area where the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed on the upper surface of the glass wafer 301W.
In this embodiment, the photoresist pattern PR is provided by stacking, in order, a first photoresist pattern PR1 and a second photoresist pattern PR2 wider than the first photoresist pattern PR1.
For example, the first photoresist pattern PR1 is suitably formed to have width smaller than the width of the second photoresist pattern PR2 by about 0.5 μm to 5 μm. The first photoresist pattern PR1 is suitably thicker than a dielectric multilayer film including thirty to sixty layers formed as the infrared cut filter layer 311. Each of the layers of the dielectric multilayer film needs to have thickness of ¼λ. Therefore, when averaged, the thickness of each of the layers is 150 nm (600 nm/4). Therefore, the thickness of the dielectric multilayer film is 4.5 μm to 9 μm. Therefore, the combined thickness of the first photoresist pattern PR1 and the second photoresist pattern PR2 is suitably larger than this thickness by about 2 μm.
Subsequently, as shown in step (a2) in
In this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed to cover the upper surface of the glass wafer 301W on which the photoresist pattern PR is formed. Consequently, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed on the upper surface of the photoresist pattern PR as well as on the upper surface of the glass wafer 301W.
Subsequently, as shown in step (a3) in
The photoresist pattern PR, on the upper surface of which the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed as explained above, is removed. Consequently, the infrared cut filter layer 311 is formed in a desired pattern on the upper surface of the glass wafer 301W.
As explained above, in this embodiment, the solid-state imaging device is configured the same as the solid-state imaging device in the first embodiment.
Therefore, in this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to easily realize improvement of manufacturing efficiency, a reduction in cost, improvement of reliability, and a reduction in size.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Specifically, a side end face of the infrared cut filter layer 311d inclines to be reduced in width from the side of the glass substrate 301 toward the side of the sensor component 100.
The bonding layer 501 is provided to cover the inclining side end face of the infrared cut filter layer 311d.
In this embodiment, as shown in
First, as shown in step (a1) in
The infrared cut filter layer 311d is formed under conditions same as those in the first embodiment to cover the entire upper surface of the glass wafer 301W.
Subsequently, as shown in step (a2) in
A photoresist pattern PRd is formed on the upper surface of the infrared cut filter layer 311d formed over the entire upper surface of the glass wafer 301W. Isotropic etching is carried out for the infrared cut filter layer 311d using the photoresist pattern PRd as a mask. Consequently, the infrared cut filter layer 311d is patterned such that a cross section thereof is formed in a taper shape.
For example, the infrared cut filter layer 311d is formed such that an angle of inclination of the taper shape is an angle close to 45°. Besides, when the patterning is performed by dry etching, the infrared cut filter layer 311d is formed such that the side thereof is vertical.
Subsequently, as shown in step (a3) in
The photoresist pattern PRd formed on the upper surface of the infrared cut filter layer 311d as explained above is removed. Consequently, the infrared cut filter layer 311d is formed in a desired pattern on the upper surface of the glass wafer 301W.
As explained above, as in the first embodiment, the infrared cut filter layer 311d in this embodiment is formed to cover the portion corresponding to the pixel area PA and a part of the surrounding area SA on the surface of the glass substrate 301 on the side opposed to the sensor component 100. The bonding layer 501 is in contact with, in the peripheral portion of the surfaces of the sensor component 100 and the infrared cut filter 300 opposed to each other, the portion of the glass substrate 301 not covered with the infrared cut filter layer 311d and the peripheral portion of the infrared cut filter layer 311d.
In this embodiment, unlike the infrared cut filter layer 311 in the first embodiment, the side end face of the infrared cut filter layer 311d inclines to be reduced in width from the side of the glass substrate 301 toward the side of the sensor component 100. The bonding layer 501 is provided to cover the inclining side end face of the infrared cut filter layer 311d.
Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to more suitably prevent occurrence of peeling.
Like
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In the sensor component 100e, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In the logic circuit component 200, a semiconductor component 220 is provided on a surface of the semiconductor substrate 201 on the side of the sensor component 100e. The semiconductor component 220 is, for example, a MOS transistor. Although not shown in the fig., plural semiconductor components 220 are provided to form the peripheral circuits shown in
In the logic circuit component 200, as shown in
In the logic circuit component 200, as shown in
As shown in
As explained above, as in the first embodiment, the infrared cut filter layer 311 in this embodiment is formed to cover the portion corresponding to the pixel area PA and a part of the surrounding area SA on the surface of the glass substrate 301 on the side opposed to the sensor component 100e. The bonding layer 501e is at least in contact with, in the peripheral portion of the surfaces of the sensor component 100e and the infrared cut filter 300 opposed to each other, the portion not covered with the infrared cut filter layer 311 on the glass substrate 301 and the peripheral portion of the infrared cut filter layer 311.
Therefore, in this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to easily realize improvement of manufacturing efficiency, a reduction in cost, improvement of reliability, and a reduction in size.
In this embodiment, a part of the peripheral circuits is provided in the surrounding area SA of the sensor component 100e. However, the configuration of the solid-state imaging device is not limited to this. The solid-state imaging device may be configured to provide all the peripheral circuits shown in
In carrying out the present disclosure, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments explained above and various modifications can be adopted.
In the embodiments, when the semiconductor device is the solid-state imaging device, the solid-state imaging device is applied to the camera. However, the solid-state imaging device is not limited to this. The solid-state imaging device may be applied to other electronic apparatuses including the solid-state imaging device such as a scanner and a copying machine.
In the embodiments, two or three semiconductor chips are stacked. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this. The present disclosure may be applied when four or more semiconductor chips are stacked.
Besides, the embodiments may be combined as appropriate.
In the embodiments, the solid-state imaging device 1 is equivalent to the solid-state imaging device according to the present disclosure. In the embodiments, the camera 40 is equivalent to the electronic apparatus according to the present disclosure. In the embodiments, the sensor components 100 and 100e are equivalent to the solid-state imaging component according to the present disclosure. In the embodiments, the semiconductor substrate 101 and the semiconductor wafer 101W are equivalent to the semiconductor substrate according to the present disclosure. In the embodiments, the infrared cut filter 300 is equivalent to the optical filter according to the present disclosure. In the embodiments, the glass substrate 301 and the glass wafer 301W are equivalent to the transparent substrate according to the present disclosure. In the embodiments, the infrared cut filter layers 311 and 311d are equivalent to the filter layer according to the present disclosure. In the embodiments, the bonding layers 501, 501b, and 501e are equivalent to the bonding layer according to the present disclosure. In the embodiments, the cavity section 600 is equivalent to the cavity section according to the present disclosure. In the embodiments, the pixels P are equivalent to the pixels according to the present disclosure. In the embodiments, the pixel area PA is equivalent to the pixel area according to the present disclosure.
The present disclosure contains subject matter related to those disclosed in Japanese Priority Patent Applications JP 2011-029963 and JP 2011-029966 both filed in the Japan Patent Office on Feb. 15, 2011, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occur depending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they are within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
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