Compensated in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display

Abstract

An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display comprising (a) first and second polarizing plates facing each other and spaced from each other; (b) a liquid crystal cell situated between said first and second polarizing plates; and (c) a compensation structure located between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizing plate; wherein the director orientation of the liquid crystal layer being controlled by an electric field parallel to the polarizing plates; one said compensation structure is positioned between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizing plate; the polarizing plates have transmission axes perpendicular to each other, and the compensation structure comprises at least one retardation layer of supramolecules involving at least one polycyclic organic compound with a conjugated π-system and functional groups which are capable of forming non-covalent bonds between said supramolecules.

Description

This invention relates to an in-plane-switching mode liquid crystal display (IPS LCD) device and, more particularly, to the improvement of IPS LCDs aimed at achieving a high contrast ratio and wider viewing angle.

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are widely used in watches and clocks, photographic cameras, various instruments, computers, flat TV sets, projection screens, and numerous information devices.

Electro-optical modes employed in LCDs include, in particular, the twisted nematic (TN), super twisted nematic (STN), optically compensated bend (OCB), and electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) modes with their various modifications, as well as some others. All these modes use an electric field, which is substantially perpendicular to the substrate and, hence, to the liquid crystal (LC) layer. Besides these modes, there are some electro-optical modes employing an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate and, hence, to the liquid crystal layer. An example is offered by the in-plane switching (IPS) mode. This electro-optical mode is especially frequently used in LCDs for modern desktop monitors and is envisaged for use in future displays for multimedia applications.

The viewing angle of IPS mode LCDs is reasonably good, however, at certain oblique viewing angles, the image quality can deteriorate. This drawback is largely caused by both LC layer and the fundamental limitations of the polarizer sheets (see, e.g., J E Anderson and P J Bos, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 39 (2000) 6388 or Yukito Saitoh et al, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37 (1998) 4822-4828).

Methods for compensating the IPS mode have also been disclosed in prior art. For example, an IPS display that comprises a first optically uniaxial positive compensation layer with an optical axis perpendicular to the plane of the layer (positive C-plate) and optionally a second optically uniaxial positive compensation layer with the optical axis parallel to the plane of the layer (positive A-plate). Another example is an IPS LCD comprising an optically uniaxial negative compensation layer with the optical axis parallel to the plane of the layer (negative A-plate), which is formed by a discotic LC film.

However, the compensation sheets proposed in prior art to compensate IPS LCDs are either difficult to manufacture on a large scale, like, for example, the homeotropically aligned discotic film, or tend to suffer from some durability problems, and are particularly difficult to manufacture for large area displays, like, for example, the stretched polymeric films which are usually employed as positive A- and C-plates. In addition, the manufacturing costs of an IPS compensator are often relatively expensive because, for example, the A-plate should preferably be arranged so that its slow axis would be perpendicular to the stretch direction of the polarizer.

Another important factor that should be taken into consideration in particular, when compensating a Normally Black (NB) IPS mode LCD that is not transmitting until the electric field is applied is the birefringent film substrate that is attached to the polarizer. Usually, this is a plastic film of a slightly birefringent material such as, for example, triacetylcellulose (TAC). In the case of NB IPS displays, these films often deteriorate the viewing angle of the display and introduce additional features, which have to be compensated. (J E Anderson and P J Bos, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 39 (2000) 6388).

Some new types of materials for manufacturing optical anisotropic films are known in the prior art. For example, organic dichroic dyes represent the new class of materials currently gaining prominence in the manufacture of optically anisotropic films with desirable optical characteristics. Films based on these materials are formed by applying an aqueous liquid crystal solution of supramolecules composed of dye molecules onto a substrate surface, followed the evaporation of water. The resulting films are imparted anisotropic properties either by preliminary mechanical ordering of the underlying substrate surface as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,553,961 or by applying an external mechanical, electromagnetic, or other orienting action to the coating on a liquid crystal substrate material.

Similar films are formed from lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) based on supramolecules. Substantial ordering of dye molecules in columns makes possible the use of these mesophases for creating oriented, strongly dichroic films. Dye molecules that form supramolecular liquid crystal mesophases possess special properties. They contain hydrophilic functional groups located at the periphery of the molecule, which determine the solubility of the dye in water. Organic dye mesophases are characterized by specific structures, phase diagrams, optical properties, and solubility as described in greater detail in J. Lydon, Chromonics, in Handbook of Liquid Crystals, (Wiley VCH: Weinheim, 1998), Vol. 2B, pp. 981-1007.

Anisotropic films characterized by high optical anisotropy can be formed from LLC systems based on dichroic dyes. Such films exhibit both the properties of E-type polarizers, which are due to light absorption by supramolecular complexes, and the properties of retarders. Retarders are films possessing phase-retarding properties in the spectral regions where the optical absorption is absent. The phase-retarding properties of the anisotropic films are determined by their double refraction (birefringent) properties, whereby the refractive indices are different in the direction of LLC solution application and in the perpendicular direction.

Extensive investigations aimed at developing new methods and creating new dye-based films through modification of the deposition conditions are currently underway. Of special interest is the search for new compositions of lyotropic liquid crystals. New LLC compositions can be obtained by introducing modifiers, stabilizers, surfactants, and other additives into the known dyes, so as to improve the film characteristics.

The present invention provides a compensated IPS mode LCD with improved optical performance, in particular, higher contrast at a wide viewing angle, reduced color shift, facilitated manufacture, and economic fabrication even on a large scale. The design of an IPS LCD, which comprises a compensation structure including at least one retardation layer of supramolecules, which involve at least one polycyclic organic compound with a conjugated π-system and functional groups, makes possible a significant improvement in color rendering properties and contrast ratios of liquid crystal displays over a wide range of viewing angles.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides an in-plane switching type liquid crystal display comprising (a) first and second polarizing plates facing each other and spaced from each other; (b) a liquid crystal cell situated between said first and second polarizing plates; and (c) at least one compensation structure located between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate; wherein the director orientation of the liquid crystal layer of said cell being controlled by an electric field parallel to the polarizing plates; wherein one compensation structure is located between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizing plate; and wherein the polarizing plates have transmission axes perpendicular to each other, and the compensation structure comprises at least one retardation layer of supramolecules involving at least one polycyclic organic compound with a conjugated π-system and functional groups which are capable of forming non-covalent bonds between said supramolecules.

The general description of the present invention having been made, a further understanding can be obtained by reference to the specific preferred embodiments, which are given herein only for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims.

In one embodiment of the liquid crystal display, the organic compound has a general structural formula (I)

##STR00001##
where Sys is at least partially conjugated substantially planar heterocyclic or cyclic molecular system, X is a carboxylic group —(∈_A, ∈_B, ∈_C)

Δn_xzd_RL=(n_x−n_z)d_RL, where d_RL is the thickness of the retardation layer.

The IPS LCD is optimized for the wavelength of 550 nm.

TABLE B
	Rth	Ro	Rth
	(TAC)	(COATING)	(COATING)
Design	ΔndTAC, nm	Δnxy dRL, nm	Δnxz dRL, nm
P45 A−B,−45 TAC LC45 P−45	0	−250	−138
P45 A−45 TAC LC45 P−45	−70	−150	−150
P45 TAC A−−45 LC45 P−45	−70	−150	−150
P45 A−45 LC45 A−−45 P−45	0	−155(A − 45)	−155(A − 45)
		−80(A− −45)	−80(A− −45)
P45 TAC A−−45 TAC LC45 TAC P−45	−50	−150	−150
P45 TAC A−B,−45 LC45 TAC P−45	−50	−112	−65

The IPS LCD with a compensator setup disclosed by the present invention shows better contrast-view angle properties in comparison with the traditional scheme. In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference is made to the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention, but are not intended to be limiting in scope.

EXAMPLE 1

This example describes the preparation of an organic retardation layer. A mixture of 6-oxo-3-sulfo-5,6-dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline-10-carboxylic acid and 6-oxo-3-sulfo-5,6-dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline-9-carboxylic acid (1 g) was stirred for 1 h at a temperature of 20° C. in a mixture of 15.0 ml of deionized water with 0.6 ml of a 10% aqueous ammonia solution until a lyotropic liquid crystal solution was formed. The obtained solution was applied at a temperature of 20° C. and a relative humidity of 65% onto the substrate surface with a Mayer rod #2.5 moved at a linear velocity of 15 mm/s. The substrate was made of triacetyl cellulose (TAC). Then, the organic retardation layer was dried at the same humidity and temperature. In order to determine the optical characteristics of the organic retardation layer, thickness, optical retardation and transmission spectra were measured in a wavelength range from approximately 400 to 700 nm using Dektak3ST, Axometrics and Cary 500 Scan spectrophotometer respectively. The optical transmission of the organic retardation layer was measured using light beams linearly polarized parallel and perpendicular to the coating direction (Tpar and Tper, respectively). The obtained data were used to calculate the refractive indices (nf, ns, and nn). The obtained retardation layer was anisotropic (nf<ns≈nn). The fast principal axis is parallel to the coating direction (ab), and the slow principal axis is perpendicular to the coating direction (ab). The two in-plane refractive indices (nf and ns) and one refractive index (nn) in the normal direction obey the following conditions for electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range: Δnfs=Δnfn=0.328 at λ=633 nm; Δnfs=Δnfn=0.332 at λ=550 nm; Δnfs=Δnfn=0.338 at λ=450 nm, where Δnfs=ns−nf, Δnfn=nn−nf. The measurements showed substantially small values of the absorption coefficients of the organic retardation layer in a visible spectral range of 380-780 nm.

EXAMPLE 2

The example describes preparation of organic compound having general structural formula 42 1 shown in Table 6 1. A 4,4′-(5,5-Dioxidodibenzo[b,d]thiene-3,7-diyl)dibenzenesulfonic acid was prepared by sulfonation of 1,1′:4′,1″:4″,1′″-quaterphenyl.

##STR00102##

A 1,1′:4′,1″:4″,1′″-Quaterphenyl (10 g) was charged into 20% oleum (100 ml). Reaction mass was agitated for 5 hours at ambient conditions. After that the reaction mixture was diluted with water (170 ml). The final sulfuric acid concentration became ˜55%. The precipitate was filtered and rinsed with an acetic acid (−200 ml). Filter cake was dried in oven at ˜110° C. The process yielded 8 g of 4,4′-(5,5-Dioxidodibenzo[b,d]thiene-3,7-diyl)dibenzenesulfonic acid. H1NMR (Brucker Avance-600, DMSO-d6, δ, ppm): 7.735 (d, 4H, 4CHAr(3,3′,5,5′)); 7.845 (d, 4H, 4CHAr(2,2′,6,6′)); 8.165 (dd, 2H, 2CHAr(2,8)); 8.34 (m, 4H, 4CHAr(1,9,4,6)). The electron spectrum (Spectrometer UV/VIS Varian Cary 500 Scan, aqueous solution): λmax1=218 nm (∈=3.42*104) (ε=3.42×10⁴); λmax2=259 nm (∈=3.89*104) (ε=3.89×10⁴); λmax3=314 nm (∈=4.20*104) (ε=4.20×10⁴). Mass spectrum (Brucker Daltonics Ultraflex TOF/TOF): molecular ion (M−=529), FW=528.57.

EXAMPLE 3

The example shows the preparation of organic thin biaxial layer formed from lyotropic liquid crystal solution. A 4,4′-(5,5-Dioxidodibenzo[b,d]thiene-3,7-diyl)dibenzenesulfonic acid (1 g) obtained as described in Example 4 2 was mixed with 3.8 ml of distilled water and 1.1 ml of 10-w % 10% (w/w) aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and then stirred at room temperature (23° C.) until a lyotropic liquid solution was formed (for about 1 hour).

LCD-grade Soda Lime glass substrates were prepared for coating. The substrate was placed in Ultrasonic bath with water solution of NaOH (w/w 10%) and KMnO4 (w/w 0.1%) for 30 min, then rinsed with deionized water, and subjected to compressed air stream drying. The lyotropic liquid crystal was coated onto the pretreated glass substrate with Mayer Rod #1.5 moved at linear velocity of 200 mm/s (humidity=30%, temperature=23° C.). The coated solution was subjected to compressed air stream drying and thin retardation layer of the first type was formed as the result. The thickness of retardation layer formed was between 420 and 450 um μm, but it depends on the desired optical function and may vary controlling the concentration of compound in the water solution. The retardation layer formed is clear (colorless) and transparent in the optical spectral range. The retardation layer based on material as shown in this Example is characterized by fast principal axis lying in the layer plane along the coating direction. The slow principal axis lies in the layer plane also and is directed perpendicularly to the coating direction. The refractive indices directed along the fast principal axis (nf), along slow principal axis (ns), and along the perpendicular direction relative to layer plane (nn) are found to be different. In solution the molecules are assembled in rod-like supramolecules and can form lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) in nematic phase. Said rod-like supramolecules have anisotropic polarizability in plane (u0w) which is perpendicular to their longitudinal axis directed along 0v-axis. During the deposition process the supramolecules are oriented under shear stress. The result is a retardation layer with supramolecules aligned in plane of a substrate along the coating direction.

EXAMPLE 4

The example describes syntheses of the mixture of bisbenzimidazo[1′,2′:3,4;1″,2″:5,6][1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole-tricarboxylic acids:

##STR00103##

A. Synthesis of methyl 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylate

Methyl 3,4-diaminobenzoate dihydrochloride (20 g, 0.08 mol) was mixed with urea (6.54 g, 0.11 mol). Reaction mixture was heated at ˜150° C. for 7 hours. After cooling powder was suspended in water (400 ml) and pH of the last one was adjusted to 0.45 with hydrochloric acid. Precipitate was filtered and rinsed with water and hydrochloric acid (pH=1.5). Obtained filter cake was dried at ˜100° C. Yield 15.7 g (97%).

B. Synthesis of methyl 2-chloro-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylate

Methyl 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylate (43 g, 0.22 mol) was charged into Phosphorus oxychloride (286 ml). Dry hydrogen chloride was bubbled through the boiling reaction mass for 12 hours. After cooling reaction mass was poured in mixture of ice and water (2 kg). Precipitate was filtered out. Filtrate was diluted with water (1.25 l) and ammonia solution (˜800 ml). After that pH was adjusted to 5.6 with use of ammonia solution. Precipitate was filtered and rinsed with water. Yield 39.5 g (84%).

C. Synthesis of trimethyl bisbenzimidazo[1′,2′:3,4;1″,2″:5,6][1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole-tricarboxylates

Methyl 2-chloro-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylate (38 g, 0.18 mol) was heated at 185-190° C. for 10 hours. Yield 30.3 g (96%).

D. Synthesis of bisbenzimidazo[1′,2′:3,4;1″,2″:5,6][1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoletricarboxylic acids

Trimethyl bisbenzimidazo[1′,2′:3,4;1″,2″:5,6][1,3,5]triazino [1,2-a]benzimidazole-tricarboxylates (30 g, 0.06 mol) was charged into 5% solution of potassium hydroxide (250 ml) and boiled for 1.5 hour. After cooling obtained solution was filtered and neutralized with hydrogen chloride solution. Then pH of solution was adjusted to 1.25 with hydrochloric acid. Precipitate was filtered, rinsed with water and dried at ˜100° C. Mass spectrum (Ultraflex TOF/TOF (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany)): M/Z=480 (FW=480.39). Yield 26.3 g (95%).

EXAMPLE 5

The example describes the preparation of a retardation layer from a solution of polycyclic organic compound. 10 g of a mixture of bisbenzimidazo[1′,2′:3,4;1″,2″:5,6][1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole-tricarboxylic acids obtained as in the Example 4 is dissolved in 90 g dimethylformamide and stirred at 200 Centigrade until total dissolution of the solid phase and the mixture is stirred for 1 hr under ambient conditions. Then received mixture is filtered. The soda-lime LCD quality glass slides are prepared for coating by treating in a 10% NaOH solution for 30 min, rinsing with deionised water, and drying in airflow with the aid of a compressor. The obtained isotropic solution is applied onto a glass plate with a Mayer rod #2.5 at a temperature of 20 centigrade and relative humidity of 50%. The layer is dried at the same humidity and temperature in gentle flow of a hot air. Due to specific intermolecular interactions the shear stress is not a main alignment force. As a result, during the drying stage the “flat” molecules are oriented with their plane parallel to the surface of substrate. Some kinds of post-treatment procedures (e.g. annealing) may be applied to improve molecules ordering. The obtained retardation layer is optically isotropic in the plane (nf=ns) and exhibits high retardation RC in the vertical direction. The normal refraction index nn is much lower than the in-plane refraction indices of and ns. Said retardation layer is named a negative C-plate. Such plate results in optical retardation only for oblique incidence of light. The value of the birefringence (ns−nn) is relatively large (0.25 at λ=550 nm).

Claims

1. An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display comprising:

(a) first and second polarizing plates facing each other and spaced from each other;

(b) a liquid crystal cell layer situated between said first and second polarizing plates, and

(c) at least one compensation structure;

wherein the director orientation of the liquid crystal layer of said cell being is controlled by an electric field parallel to the polarizing plates,

wherein one compensating compensation structure is located between the liquid crystal cell layer and the first polarizing plate,

wherein the polarizing plates have transmission axes perpendicular to each other, and

the compensation structure comprises at least one retardation layer of supramolecules comprising at least one polycyclic organic compound with a conjugated π-system and functional groups which are capable of forming non-covalent bonds between said supramolecules,

wherein the organic compound has a general structural formula (I)

2. A liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the molecular system Sys has a general structural formula from the list comprising structures II to XLVIII

3. A The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the counterion is selected from the list comprising ions group consisting of H⁺, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, Ba⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Sr⁺⁺, Cs⁺, Pb⁺⁺, and Zn⁺⁺.

4. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein said supramolecules have planar shapes and their planes are oriented substantially parallel to the surface of the retardation layer.

5. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein said non-covalent bonds are hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) or coordination bonds.

6. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein said retardation layer has at least a partially crystalline structure.

7. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein said retardation layer is insoluble in water.

8. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein said compensating compensation structure comprises at least two said retardation layers, of which at least one said wherein one retardation layer is an uniaxial retardation layer of the negative A-plate type, the fast axis of which is substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate, and at least one said retardation layer is uniaxial retardation layer of the negative C-plate type.

9. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein said retardation layer is an uniaxial retardation layer of the negative A-plate type, the fast axis of which is substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate, and the compensation structure further comprises a layer of triacetyl cellulose (TAC).

10. The liquid crystal display according to claim 9, wherein each of the first and second polarizing plates comprises at least one layer of triacetyl cellulose (TAC).

11. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein said compensation structure comprises at least two said retardation layers, of which at least one said wherein one retardation layer is a biaxial retardation layer of the negative AB-plate type and at least one said retardation layer is an uniaxial retardation layer of the negative C-plate type.

12. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein said retardation layer is a biaxial retardation layer of the negative AB-plate type, and the compensation structure further comprises a layer of triacetyl cellulose (TAC).

13. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second polarizing plates further comprises at least one layer of triacetyl cellulose (TAC), and said retardation layer is an uniaxial retardation layer of the negative A-plate type, the fast axis of which is substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate.

14. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein said retardation layer is a biaxial retardation layer of the negative AB-plate type, and each of the first and second polarizing plates further comprises at least one layer of triacetyl cellulose (TAC).

15. An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display comprising:

(a) first and second polarizing plates facing each other and spaced from each other;

(b) a liquid crystal cell layer situated between said first and second polarizing plates, and

(c) at least one compensation structure;

wherein the director orientation of the liquid crystal layer of said cell being is controlled by an electric field parallel to the polarizing plates,

wherein one compensating compensation structure is located between the liquid crystal cell layer and the first polarizing plate,

wherein the polarizing plates have transmission axes perpendicular to each other, and

the compensation structure comprises at least one retardation layer of supramolecules comprising at least one polycyclic organic compound with a conjugated π-system and functional groups which are capable of forming non-covalent bonds between said supramolecules,

wherein the organic compound is an oligophenyl derivative having has a general structural formula corresponding to one selected from the group consisting of structures 1 to, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7:

16. An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display comprising:

(a) first and second polarizing plates facing each other and spaced from each other;

(b) a liquid crystal cell layer situated between said first and second polarizing plates, and

(c) at least one compensation structure;

wherein the director orientation of the liquid crystal layer of said cell being is controlled by an electric field parallel to the polarizing plates,

wherein one compensating compensation structure is located between the liquid crystal cell layer and the first polarizing plate,

wherein the polarizing plates have transmission axes perpendicular to each other, and

the compensation structure comprises at least one retardation layer of supramolecules comprising at least one polycyclic organic compound with a conjugated π-system and functional groups which are capable of forming non-covalent bonds between said supramolecules,

wherein the organic compound is a bibenzimidazole derivative and has a general structural formula corresponding to one selected from the group consisting of structures 8 to and 9:

17. An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display comprising:

(a) first and second polarizing plates facing each other and spaced from each other;

(b) a liquid crystal cell layer situated between said first and second polarizing plates, and

(c) at least one compensation structure;

wherein the director orientation of the liquid crystal layer of said cell being is controlled by an electric field parallel to the polarizing plates,

wherein one compensating compensation structure is located between the liquid crystal cell layer and the first polarizing plate,

wherein the polarizing plates have transmission axes perpendicular to each other, and

the compensation structure comprises at least one retardation layer of supramolecules comprising at least one polycyclic organic compound with a conjugated π-system and functional groups which are capable of forming non-covalent bonds between said supramolecules,

wherein the organic compound is a “triazine” derivative and has a general structural formula corresponding to one selected from the group consisting of structures 10 to, 11, and 12:

18. An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display comprising:

(a) first and second polarizing plates facing each other and spaced from each other;

(b) a liquid crystal cell situated between said first and second polarizing plates, and

(c) at least one compensation structure;

wherein the director orientation of the liquid crystal layer of said cell being controlled by an electric field parallel to the polarizing plates,

wherein one compensating structure located between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizing plate,

wherein the polarizing plates have transmission axes perpendicular to each other, and

the compensation structure comprises at least one retardation layer of supramolecules comprising at least one polycyclic organic compound with a conjugated π-system and functional groups which are capable of forming non-covalent bonds between said supramolecules,

wherein the organic compound is an acenaphthoquinoxaline derivative comprising a carboxylic group or sulfonic group and having a general structural formula corresponding to one of structures 13 to 31:

19. An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display comprising:

(a) first and second polarizing plates facing each other and spaced from each other;

(b) a liquid crystal cell layer situated between said first and second polarizing plates,; and

(c) at least one compensation structure;

wherein the director orientation of the liquid crystal layer of said cell being is controlled by an electric field parallel to the polarizing plates,

wherein one compensating compensation structure is located between the liquid crystal cell layer and the first polarizing plate,

wherein the polarizing plates have transmission axes perpendicular to each other, and

the compensation structure comprises at least one retardation layer of supramolecules comprising at least one polycyclic organic compound with a conjugated π-system and functional groups which are capable of forming non-covalent bonds between said supramolecules,

wherein the organic compound is a 6,7-dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one derivative having at least one carboxylic group —COOH, m is 1, 2 or 3, or at least one sulfonic group —SO₃H, n is 1, 2 or 3, and said derivative has a general structural formula selected from the group comprising consisting of structures 32 to, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52 and 53; wherein R is a substituent selected from the group consisting of CH₃, C₂H₅, NO₂, Cl, Br, F, CF₃, CN, OH, OCH₃, OC₂H₅, OCOCH₃, OCN, SCN, NH₂, and NHCOCH₃; and w is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4:

20. An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display comprising:

(a) first and second polarizing plates facing each other and spaced from each other;

(b) a liquid crystal cell layer situated between said first and second polarizing plates, and

(c) at least one first and second compensation structure structures;

wherein the director orientation of the liquid crystal layer of said cell being is controlled by an electric field parallel to the polarizing plates,

wherein one compensating the first compensation structure is located between the liquid crystal cell layer and the first polarizing plate,

21. The liquid crystal display according to claim 20, wherein the first polarizing plate comprises at least one layer of triacetyl cellulose (TAC).

22. The liquid crystal display according to claim 20, wherein the polycyclic organic compound has the general structural formula I

23. The liquid crystal display according to claim 22, wherein the molecular system Sys has a general structural formula II

24. The liquid crystal display according to claim 22, wherein the polycyclic organic compound has structure (1)

25. The liquid crystal display according to claim 22, wherein the molecular system Sys has a general structural formula III

26. The liquid crystal display according to claim 22, wherein the molecular system Sys has a general structural formula IV

27. The liquid crystal display according to claim 22, wherein the polycyclic organic compound has structure (10)

28. The liquid crystal display according to claim 22, wherein the molecular system Sys has a general structural formula V

29. The liquid crystal display according to claim 22, wherein the molecular system Sys has a general structural formula VIII

30. The liquid crystal display according to claim 22, wherein the polycyclic organic compound has structure (32)

31. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the molecular system Sys has a general structural formula II

32. The liquid crystal display according to claim 15, wherein the polycyclic organic compound has structure (1)

33. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the molecular system Sys has a general structural formula III

34. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the molecular system Sys has a general structural formula IV

35. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the polycyclic organic compound has structure (10)

36. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the molecular system Sys has a general structural formula VIII

37. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the polycyclic organic compound has structure (32)