A switcher device comprises a multiplexer coupled in-between at least one input and output cards. The multiplexer detects the presence of an event signal from an activated sink. In response to the detection of the event signal, the switch dynamically switches to a closed position in order to enable the at least one source to authenticate with the input card and the output card to authenticate with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption. In response to the non-detection of the event signal, the switch switches dynamically to an open position in order to disable the at least one source from authenticating with the input card, therefore the output card also does not attempt to authenticate with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption.
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0. 1. A system for enabling/disabling display data Channel (DDC) access to enable/disable a security protocol, the system comprising:
at least one source;
at least one sink; and
a switcher device communicatively coupled in-between the at least one source and the at least one sink, the switcher device comprises:
a multiplexer coupled in-between at least one input and output cards and configured to transmit an audiovisual signal from the at least one input card to a first and at least a second output card via a physical connection; wherein the multiplexer is configured to dynamically switch between the first and at least second output card based on a user control signal that activates one of the at least one sinks, wherein each of the output cards is coupled to the at least one sink;
wherein the input card comprises:
an integrated circuit that includes High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver; and
a switch coupled in-between the hdcp enabled receiver and an Extended display identification data (EDID) memory, wherein the input card is configured to detect the presence of an event signal from at least one user interfaced device,
wherein in response to the detection of the event signal, the switch is configured to dynamically switch to a closed position in order to enable the at least one source configured to perform a first authentication with the input card and the output card configured to perform a second authentication with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption and the input card is configured to permit the transmission of the audiovisual signal from the at least one source to the at least one sink, and
wherein in response to the non-detection of the event signal, the switch is configured to dynamically switch to an open position in order to disable the at least one source from initiating a first authentication with the input card, therefore the output card also does not attempt to initiate a second authentication with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption and the input card is configured to permit the transmission of the audiovisual signal from the at least one source to the at least one sink;
wherein the input card is configured to enable the at least one sink from being able to record since the audiovisual signal includes a non-copy protected content.
0. 53. An switcher device comprising at least one input circuitry configured for coupling with at least one source and at least one output circuitry configured for coupling with at least one sink, wherein the input circuitry comprises:
a High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver; and
an Extended display identification data (EDID) memory;
wherein the input circuitry is configured to receive a signal:
wherein in response to receiving a signal indicating to enable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
enable hdcp encryption thereby causing the at least one source to authenticate with the input circuitry and the output circuitry to authenticate with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing copy-protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink upon successful authentication; and
wherein in response to receiving a signal to disable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
disable hdcp encryption such that the at least one source does not detect hdcp capability of the input circuitry and does not initiate authentication with the input circuitry and thereby the output circuitry also does not initiate authentication with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing non-copy protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink, thereby enabling the at least one sink to be able to record.
0. 55. A method by a switcher device for transmitting audiovisual signals containing copy-protected content or non-copy protected content, wherein the switcher device is coupled in-between at least one source via at least one input circuitry and at least one sink via at least one output circuitry, wherein the input circuitry comprises a High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver, the method comprising:
receiving a signal indicating whether to enable or disable hdcp;
wherein in response to receiving a signal to enable hdcp:
enabling access to the hdcp receiver thereby causing the at least one source to authenticate with the input circuitry and the output circuitry to authenticate with the at least one sink; and
permitting a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing copy-protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink upon successful authentication; and
wherein in response to receiving a signal to disable hdcp:
disabling access to the hdcp receiver such that the at least one source does not detect hdcp capability of the input circuitry and does not initiate authentication with the input circuitry and thereby the output circuitry also does not initiate authentication with the at least one sink; and
permitting a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing non-copy protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink, thereby enabling the at least one sink to be able to record.
0. 38. A switcher device comprising at least one input circuitry configured for coupling with at least one source and at least one output circuitry configured for coupling with at least one sink, wherein the input circuitry comprises:
a High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver; and
wherein the input circuitry is configured to detect a signal indicating whether to enable or disable hdcp:
wherein in response to detecting a signal indicating to enable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
enable access to the hdcp receiver thereby causing the at least one source to authenticate with the input circuitry and the output circuitry to authenticate with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing copy-protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink upon successful authentication; and
wherein in response to detecting a signal indicating to disable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
disable access to the hdcp receiver such that the at least one source does not detect hdcp capability of the input circuitry and does not initiate authentication with the input circuitry and thereby the output circuitry also does not initiate authentication with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing non-copy protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink, thereby enabling the at least one sink to be able to record.
0. 56. A switcher device comprising at least one input circuitry configured for coupling with at least one source and at least one output circuitry configured for coupling with at least one sink, wherein the input circuitry comprises a hardwired circuity without software instructions comprising:
a High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver; and
wherein the input circuitry is configured to receive a signal:
wherein in response to receiving a signal indicating to enable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
enable access to the hdcp receiver thereby causing the at least one source to authenticate with the input circuitry and the output circuitry to authenticate with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing copy-protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink upon successful authentication; and
wherein in response to receiving a signal indicating to disable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
disable access to the hdcp receiver such that the at least one source does not detect hdcp capability of the input circuitry and does not initiate authentication with the input circuitry and thereby the output circuitry also does not initiate authentication with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing non-copy protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink, thereby enabling the at least one sink to be able to record.
0. 54. A switcher device comprising at least one input circuitry configured for coupling with at least one source and at least one output circuitry configured for coupling with at least one sink, wherein the input circuitry comprises:
a High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver; and
an Extended display identification data (EDID) memory;
wherein the input circuitry is configured to receive a signal:
wherein in response to receiving a signal indicating to enable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
enable hdcp capability of the hdcp receiver thereby causing the at least one source to authenticate with the input circuitry and the output circuitry to authenticate with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing copy-protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink upon successful authentication; and
wherein in response to receiving a signal to disable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
disable hdcp capability of the hdcp receiver such that the at least one source does not detect hdcp capability of the input circuitry and does not initiate authentication with the input circuitry and thereby the output circuitry also does not initiate authentication with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing non-copy protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink, thereby enabling the at least one sink to be able to record.
0. 57. A switcher device comprising at least one input circuitry configured for coupling with at least one source and at least one output circuitry configured for coupling with at least one sink, wherein the input circuitry comprises a hardwired circuity in combination with software instruction comprising:
a High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver; and
wherein the input circuitry is configured to receive a signal:
wherein in response to receiving a signal indicating to enable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
enable access to the hdcp receiver thereby causing the at least one source to authenticate with the input circuitry and the output circuitry to authenticate with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing copy-protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink upon successful authentication; and
wherein in response to receiving a signal indicating to disable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
disable access to the hdcp receiver such that the at least one source does not detect hdcp capability of the input circuitry and does not initiate authentication with the input circuitry and thereby the output circuitry also does not initiate authentication with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing non-copy protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink, thereby enabling the at least one sink to be able to record.
0. 37. A system for transmitting audiovisual signals containing copy-protected content or non-copy protected content, the system comprising:
a source comprising an output, said output outputting audiovisual signals containing at least one of copy-protected content and non-copy protected content;
a sink comprising an input;
a signal indicating whether to enable or disable hdcp;
a switcher device coupled in-between the at least one source and the at least one sink, said switcher device comprising:
an input circuitry coupled to the output of the source, wherein the input circuitry comprises a High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver and an Extended display identification data (EDID) memory, wherein the input circuitry is configured to detect the signal;
an output circuitry coupled to the input of the sink;
wherein in response to detecting a signal indicating to enable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
enable access to the hdcp receiver thereby causing the at least one source to authenticate with the input circuitry and the output circuitry to authenticate with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing copy-protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink upon successful authentication; and
wherein in response to detecting a signal to disable hdcp, the input circuitry is configured to:
disable access to the hdcp receiver such that the at least one source does not detect hdcp capability of the input circuitry and does not initiate authentication with the input circuitry and thereby the output circuitry also does not initiate authentication with the at least one sink; and
permit a transmission of an audiovisual signal containing non-copy protected content from the at least one source to the at least one sink, thereby enabling the at least one sink to be able to record.
0. 2. The system of
0. 3. The system of
0. 4. The system of
0. 5. The system of
0. 6. The system of
0. 7. The system of
0. 8. The system of
0. 9. The system of
0. 10. The system of
0. 11. The system of
0. 12. The system of
0. 13. The system of
0. 14. The system of
0. 15. The system of
0. 16. The system of
0. 17. The system of
0. 18. A switcher device, comprising:
a multiplexer coupled in-between at least one input and output cards and configured to transmit an audiovisual data signal from the at least one input card to a first and at least a second output card;
wherein the multiplexer is configured to dynamically switch between the first and at least second output card based on a user control signal that activates one of at least one sinks;
wherein each of the output cards is coupled to the at least one sink;
wherein the input card comprises:
an integrated circuit that includes a High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver; and
a switch coupled in-between the hdcp enabled receiver and an Extended display identification data (EDID) memory, wherein the at least one input card is configured to detect the presence of an event signal from the at least one user interface device;
wherein in response to the detection of the event signal, the switch is configured to dynamically switch to a closed position in order to enable the at least one source configured to authenticate with the input card and the output card configured to authenticate with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption and the input card is configured to permit the transmission of the audiovisual signal from the at least one source to the at least one sink, and
wherein in response to the non-detection of the event signal, the switch is configured to dynamically switch to an open position in order to disable the at least one source from initiating an authentication with the input card, therefore the output card also does not attempt to initiate an authentication with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption and the input card is configured to permit the transmission of the audiovisual signal from the at least one source to the at least one sink;
wherein the input card is configured to enable the at least one sink from being able to record since the audiovisual signal includes non-copy protected content.
0. 19. The switcher device of
0. 20. The switcher device of
0. 21. The switcher device of
0. 22. The switcher device of
0. 23. The switcher device of
0. 24. The switcher device of
0. 25. The switcher device of
0. 26. The switcher device of
0. 27. The switcher device of
0. 28. A method for enabling/disabling display data Channel (DDC) access to enable/disable High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection source, the method comprising:
providing at least one source;
providing at least one sink;
coupling a switcher device communicatively in-between the at least one source and the at least one sink;
coupling a multiplexer in-between at least one input and output cards for transmitting an audiovisual signal from the at least one input card to a first and at least a second output card via physical connection; wherein the input card includes High-Bandwidth Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver;
detecting, using an input card, a user control signal to activate one of at least one sinks;
in response to the detection of the user control signal, enabling the selected at least one sink for receiving audiovisual signal;
detecting an event signal;
wherein in response to the detection of the event signal, switching the switcher device dynamically to a closed position for enabling the at least one source to authenticate with the input card and enabling the output card to authenticate with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption;
permitting the transmission of audiovisual signal from the at least one source to the enabled at least one sink upon successful authentication; and
disabling control of the enabled at least one sink from being able to record since the audiovisual signal contains copy protected content;
wherein in response to the non-detection of the event signal, switching the switcher device dynamically to an open position in order to disable the at least one source from initiating an authentication with the input card, therefore the output card also does not attempt to initiate an authentication with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption;
permitting the transmission of the audiovisual signal to be displayed from the at least one source to the enabled at least one sink; and
enabling control of the enabled at least one sink from being able to record since the audiovisual signal contains non-copy protected content.
0. 29. The method of
0. 30. The method of
0. 31. The method of
0. 32. The method of
0. 33. An integrated circuit, comprising:
an enabled High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (hdcp) receiver;
an Extended display identification data (EDID) memory; and
a switch coupled in-between the security protocol enabled receiver and the EDID memory, wherein the integrated circuit is configured to detect the presence of an event signal from at least one user interface device,
wherein in response to the detection of the event signal, the switch is configured to dynamically switch to a closed position in order to enable the at least one source configured to authenticate with an input card and an output card configured to authenticate with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption and the input card is configured to permit the transmission of the audiovisual signal from the at least one source to the at least one sink, and
wherein in response to the non-detection of the event signal, the switch is configured to dynamically switch to an open position in order to disable the at least one source from initiating an authentication with the input card, therefore the output card also does not attempt to initiate an authentication with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption and the input card is configured to permit the transmission of the audiovisual signal from the at least one source to the at least one sink;
wherein the input card is configured to enable the at least one sink from being able to record since the audiovisual signal includes non-copy protected content.
0. 34. A computer program product for enabling and disabling a security protocol, the computer program product comprising: a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith, the computer readable program code comprising: computer readable program code configured to:
provide at least one source;
provide at least one sink;
couple a switcher device communicatively in-between the at least one source and the at least one sink;
couple a multiplexer in-between at least one input and output cards for transmitting an audiovisual signal from the at least one input card to a first and at least a second output card via physical connection;
detect, using an input card, a user control signal to activate one of at least one sinks; wherein the input card includes High-Bandwidth Content Protection (hdcp) enabled receiver;
in response to the detection of the user control signal, enabling the selected at least one sink for receiving audiovisual signal;
detect an event signal;
wherein in response to the detection of the event signal, switching the switcher device dynamically to a closed position for enabling the at least one source to authenticate with the input card and enabling the output card to authenticate with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption;
permit the transmission of audiovisual signal from the at least one source to the enabled at least one sink upon successful authentication; and
disable control of the enabled at least one sink from being able to be recorded since the audiovisual signal contains copy protected content;
wherein in response to the non-detection of the event signal, switch the switcher device dynamically to an open position in order to disable the at least one source from initiating an authentication with the input card, therefore the output card also does not attempt to initiate an authentication with the at least one sink for security protocol encryption;
permit the transmission of the audiovisual signal to be displayed from the at least one source to the enabled at least one sink; and
enable control of the enabled at least one sink from being able to record since the audiovisual signal contains non-copy protected content.
0. 35. The computer program product of
0. 36. The computer program product of
0. 39. The switcher device of claim 38 further comprising a switch configured for enabling or disabling access to the hdcp receiver.
0. 40. The switcher device of claim 39, wherein the hdcp enabled receiver is parallel with an Extended display identification data (EDID) memory, and wherein the combination of the hdcp enabled receiver and the EDID memory are in series with the switch.
0. 41. The switcher device of claim 40, wherein the combination of the hdcp enabled receiver and the EDID memory are parallel with another EDID memory.
0. 42. The switcher device of claim 39, wherein the switch is coupled in-between the hdcp enabled receiver and an Extended display identification data (EDID) memory.
0. 43. The switcher device of claim 39, wherein the hdcp enabled receiver is in series with the switch, and wherein the combination of the hdcp enabled receiver and the switch are in parallel with an Extended display identification data (EDID) memory.
0. 44. The switcher device of claim 39, wherein the switch comprises at least one of a relay, a FET switch, an I2C buffer, a mux, digital logic, a mechanical switch, an electrically operated switch, a solid state relay, a latching relay, a reed relay, a Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) relay, a Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) relay, a Double Pole Single Throw (DPST) relay, and a Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) relay.
0. 45. The switcher device of claim 38, wherein the input circuitry is configured to receive the signal indicating whether to enable or disable hdcp from at least one user interface.
0. 46. The switcher device of claim 45, wherein the at least one user interface comprises at least one of a graphical user interface (GUI) touch panel, a mobile device, a wireless device, a tablet, and a computer.
0. 47. The switcher device of claim 38, wherein the input circuitry is configured to enable access to the hdcp receiver when the audiovisual signal includes copy-protected content.
0. 48. The switcher device of claim 38, wherein the signal is a signal that includes activating a particular mode of the at least one source.
0. 49. The switcher device of claim 48, wherein the mode includes at least one of playing a blu-ray DVD, displaying a PowerPoint presentation, displaying a website, collaborating on a white board application, using a document camera, and streaming content from a media player.
0. 50. The switcher device of claim 48, wherein the mode is associated with the audiovisual signal containing either copy protected content or non-copy protected content.
0. 51. The switcher device of claim 38, wherein in response to detecting the signal indicating to enable hdcp, the input circuitry is further configured to drop hot plug detection before enabling access to the hdcp receiver and raise hot plug detection after enabling access to the hdcp receiver.
0. 52. The switcher device of claim 38, wherein in response to detecting the signal indicating to disable hdcp, the input circuitry is further configured to drop hot plug detection before disabling access to the hdcp receiver and raise hot plug detection after disabling access to the hdcp receiver.
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It should be understood that there may be more than one source 104 and sink/display 106 connected to the system 300. It should also be understood that there may be more than one input card 308a, 308b, 308n (collectively 308) with similar electrical connections and physical layouts.
The following is a pseudo-code representation of the operation in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
User sets HDCP enable or disable for a desired sink/display
Drop hot plug to change HDCP switch
Wait until hot plug signal goes away based on measurements such as sync measurements and sync detect.
Perform switch method
Set hardware disconnect switch
Raise hot plug
In step 820, the system (e.g., 300) or apparatus (e.g., 308, 408, 508, 608, 708) detects an event signal 304 from at least one user interface device (323, 324). In response to the detection of the event signal 304, the switch 332 switches dynamically to a closed position for enabling the at least one source 104 to authenticate with the input card 308, 508, 608, 708 and enabling the output card 310 to authenticate with the at least one sink 106 for security protocol encryption in step 850. The system (e.g., 300) or apparatus (e.g., 308, 408, 508, 608, 708) permits the transmission of audiovisual signal or HDCP content 202 from the at least one source 104 to the enabled at least one sink 106 upon successful authentication between the at least one source 104 and the activated at least one sink 106 in step 855. In step 860, the system (e.g., 300) or apparatus (e.g., 308, 408, 508, 608, 708) disables control of the enabled at least one sink 106 from being able to record the audiovisual signal that contains copy protected content (e.g., HDCP content 202) from being able to be recorded and shared.
In response to the system (e.g., 300) or apparatus (e.g., 308, 408, 508, 608, 708) not detecting the event signal 304, the switch 332 switches dynamically to an open position in order to disable the at least one source 104 from initiating an authentication with the input card 308, 508, 608, 708 in step 825. To this end, the output card 310 also does not attempt to initiate an authentication with the at least one sink 106 for security protocol encryption. In step 830, the system (e.g., 300) or apparatus (e.g., 308, 408, 508, 608, 708) permits transmission of the audiovisual signal (e.g., HDCP content 204) to be displayed from the at least one source 104 onto the activated at least one sink 106. In step 835, the system (e.g., 300) or apparatus (e.g., 308, 408, 508, 608, 708) enables control of the enabled at least one sink 106 from being able to record since the audiovisual signal 202 contains non-copy protected content.
Any process descriptions or blocks in flow charts should be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code that include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. Alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantial concurrence or reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention. Also, steps disclosed as separate may be performed concurrently or combined, and a step shown as discrete may be performed as two or more steps. Furthermore, numerical values and disclosures of specific hardware are illustrative rather than limiting. Moreover, while the preferred embodiment has been disclosed in the context of DVI, the invention can be implemented for use with another suitable interface that uses HDCP, such as HDMI or any substantially DVI-like interference. Therefore, the present invention should be construed as limited only by the appended claims.
To solve the aforementioned problems, the present invention is a unique method, apparatus, and system for enabling and/or disabling dynamic Display Identification Data to enable and/or disable High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection without an authentication process.
The following is a list of the acronyms used in the specification in alphabetical order.
It is to be understood that both the general and detailed descriptions above are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention. It should be understood that the invention can be implemented in a DVI or HDMI capable set-top box. While the invention has been disclosed for use with HDCP, it can be used with any other security protocol that satisfies the following two attributes. The first attribute is that the security protocol is tied to the video content being transmitted; that is, if the video attributes change, the security protocol must be renegotiated. The second attribute is that the security protocol offers a way to determine or detect whether the remote device is capable of supporting the security protocol.
At least a portion of the input card (e.g., 308, 408, 508, 608, 708) of the present invention may be implemented in an integrated circuit. In forming integrated circuits, a plurality of identical die is typically fabricated in a repeated pattern on a surface of a semiconductor wafer. Each die includes a device described herein, and may include other structures and/or circuits. The individual die are cut or diced from the wafer, then packaged as an integrated circuit. One skilled in the art would know how to dice wafers and package die to produce integrated circuits. Integrated circuits so manufactured are considered part of this invention.
In this description, various functions and operations may be described as being performed by or caused by software code to simplify description. However, those skilled in the art will recognize what is meant by such expressions is that the functions result from execution of the code by a processor, such as a microprocessor. Alternatively, or in combination, the functions and operations can be implemented using special purpose circuitry, with or without software instructions, such as using Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Embodiments can be implemented using hardwired circuitry without software instructions, or in combination with software instructions. Thus, the techniques are limited neither to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software, nor to any particular source for the instructions executed by the data processing system.
While some embodiments can be implemented in fully functioning computers and computer systems, various embodiments are capable of being distributed as a computing product in a variety of forms and are capable of being applied regardless of the particular type of machine or computer-readable media used to actually effect the distribution.
At least some aspects disclosed can be embodied, at least in part, in software. That is, the techniques may be carried out in a computer system or other data processing system in response to its processor, such as a microprocessor, executing sequences of instructions contained in a memory, such as ROM, volatile RAM, non-volatile memory, cache or a remote storage device.
Routines executed to implement the embodiments may be implemented as part of an operating system, middleware, service delivery platform, SDK (Software Development Kit) component, web services, or other specific application, component, program, object, module or sequence of instructions referred to as “computer programs.” Invocation interfaces to these routines can be exposed to a software development community as an API (Application Programming Interface). The computer programs typically comprise one or more instructions set at various times in various memory and storage devices in a computer, and that, when read and executed by one or more processors in a computer, cause the computer to perform operations necessary to execute elements involving the various aspects.
A machine readable medium can be used to store software and data which when executed by a data processing system causes the system to perform various methods. The executable software and data may be stored in various places including for example ROM, volatile RAM, non-volatile memory and/or cache. Portions of this software and/or data may be stored in any one of these storage devices. Further, the data and instructions can be obtained from centralized servers or peer to peer networks. Different portions of the data and instructions can be obtained from different centralized servers and/or peer to peer networks at different times and in different communication sessions or in a same communication session. The data and instructions can be obtained in their entirety prior to the execution of the applications. Alternatively, portions of the data and instructions can be obtained dynamically, just in time, when needed for execution. Thus, it is not required that the data and instructions be on a machine readable medium in entirety at a particular instance of time.
Examples of computer-readable media include but are not limited to recordable and non-recordable type media such as volatile and non-volatile memory devices, read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory devices, floppy and other removable disks, magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media (e.g., Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD ROMS), Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs), etc.), among others. The instructions may be embodied in digital and analog communication links for electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals, such as carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.
In general, a machine readable medium includes any mechanism that provides (i.e., stores and/or transmits) information in a form accessible by a machine (e.g., a computer, network device, personal digital assistant, manufacturing tool, any device with a set of one or more processors, etc.).
In various embodiments, hardwired circuitry may be used in combination with software instructions to implement the techniques. Thus, the techniques are neither limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software nor to any particular source for the instructions executed by the data processing system.
Although some of the drawings illustrate a number of operations in a particular order, operations which are not order dependent may be reordered and other operations may be combined or broken out. While some reordering or other groupings are specifically mentioned, others will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art and so do not present an exhaustive list of alternatives. Moreover, it should be recognized that the stages could be implemented in hardware, firmware, software or any combination thereof.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Jackson, Daniel, Pagano, Dario, Velasco, Adolfo, Mao, Yun
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