This disclosure is directed to an improved ballistic concrete barrier and methods of using the barrier for training with weapons using live ammunition or grenades or other fragmentation devices.
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0. 30. A method for creating a bullet absorbing structural component made from ballistic concrete by combining multiple components in a mixer, the method comprising:
obtaining a grout of cement, fine aggregate and water in a mixer;
adding chemical air entrainment additive;
adding fiber to the grout;
forming the bullet absorbing structural component by mixing until the wet density of the grout falls within a desired density range for use in a bullet absorbing structural component for use with weapon using a particular round with a bullet fired from a particular distance so that a back edge of a bullet from a round fired perpendicularly towards a cured bullet absorbing structural component is within a range of 1 inches to 5 inches as measured from a point of bullet entry on the bullet absorbing structural component; and
wherein the bullet absorbing structural components are poured with a maximum depth of more than 2 feet while in a mold.
18. A method for creating a bullet absorbing structural component made from ballistic concrete by combining multiple components in a mixer, the method comprising:
obtaining a grout of Portland cement, fine aggregate and water in a mixer;
adding chemical air entrainment additive;
adding fiber to the grout;
forming the bullet absorbing structural component by mixing until the wet density of the grout falls within a desired density range for use in a bullet absorbing structural component for use with weapon using a particular round with a bullet fired from a particular distance so that a back edge of a bullet from a round fired perpendicularly towards a cured bullet absorbing structural component is within a range of 1 inches to 5 inches as measured from a point of bullet entry on the bullet absorbing structural component; and
wherein the bullet absorbing structural components are made with a maximum pour drop of the ballistic concrete exceeding 2 feet.
1. A method for creating a bullet absorbing structural component made from ballistic concrete, the method comprising:
forming the bullet absorbing structural component by combining multiple components in a mixer, comprising:
(i) about 1 part by mass Portland cement;
(ii) about 0.5 to 1.5 part by mass fine aggregate;
(iii) about 0.005 to 0.15 part by mass fiber;
(iv) about 0.005 to 0.05 part by mass calcium phosphate;
(v) about 0.005 to 0.05 part by mass aluminum hydroxide; and
(vi) about 0.0005 to 0.05 part by mass air entrainment additive;
such that the bullet absorbing structural component is capable of stopping a live-fire test of an m855 round with a bullet fired from an m16a2 rifle at a distance of 82-ft with a penetration depth of between 1 and 5 inches as measured to a back of the bullet from a point of bullet entry on the bullet absorbing structural component; and wherein the bullet absorbing structural components are made with a maximum pour drop of the ballistic concrete exceeding 2 feet.
2. The method of
(i) about 0.8 to 1.2 part by mass, fine aggregate;
(ii) about 0.008 to 0.012 part by mass, fiber;
(iii) about 0.008 to 0.012 part by mass, calcium phosphate;
(iv) about 0.008 to 0.012 part by mass, aluminum hydroxide; and
(v) about 0.0008 to 0.002 part by mass, air entrainment additive.
3. The method of
(i) about 0.9 to 1.1 part by mass, fine aggregate;
(ii) about 0.009 to 0.011 part by mass, fiber;
(iii) about 0.009 to 0.011 part by mass, calcium phosphate;
(iv) about 0.009 to 0.011 part by mass, aluminum hydroxide; and
(v) about 0.0009 to 0.0015 part by mass, air entrainment additive.
0. 5. The method of
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7. The method of
0. 8. The method of
0. 9. The method of
10. The method of
0. 11. The method of
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0. 23. The method of
24. The method of
0. 25. The method of
0. 26. The method of
27. The method of
28. The method of
0. 29. The method of
0. 31. The method of claim 30 wherein ballistic concrete is poured into a mold having removable side walls and the side walls are removed within 24 hours of completing a pour into the mold.
0. 32. The method of claim 28 wherein bullet absorbing structural component is made from ballistic concrete poured into a mold and the bullet absorbing structural component is removed from all portions of the mold within three days of completing the pour into the mold.
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The component is wrapped in plastic to assure adequate hydration during curing. One of skill in the art will recognize that the timing of these steps may be adjusted based on weather conditions, particularly temperature but also factoring humidity. The components are allowed to harden and dry and are ready for use and/or testing after 28 days.
One of skill in the art will recognize that the fibers enhance the strength and resilience of the components and ability of the molded components to withstand a bullet entry without spalling. Spalls are flakes of material that are broken off a larger solid body such as the result of projectile impact, weathering, or other causes. It is desired that the molded components retain their structural integrity with the exception of the trail formed by the bullet entry. Thus while the fibers are important, one of skill in the art can identify and substitute other fibers that are suitable for the task, see e.g., paragraph defining term fiber in definitions section above. The choice of fibers will impact the overall density of the wet material as the weight of the fibers impact the density calculation.
Benefits of the Improved Bullet Absorbing Components
To date, the improved bullet absorbing components have consistently performed well in ballistic testing. Anecdotal evidence suggests significantly higher failure rates for traditional SACON® ballistic concrete than with the improved production process. These failure rates may be due to a lack of consistency of the product using traditional SACON® ballistic concrete. The improved production process produces a very consistent material with an extremely low (much less than 1%) failure rate of the penetration test listed above.
Other benefits for the improved ballistic concrete are the predictable and uniform results in ballistic performance when the mix falls within the target density range. By uniform results, it is meant that penetration tests on different parts of a panel made with the improved ballistic panel will all pass the penetration test.
The process is sufficiently predictable that when a sample falls outside of the target range for density after the prescribed mixing period, this aberrant result is a strong indicator that the sand used in the mix is out of specifications, perhaps because of inclusion of clay or another contaminant.
Modification for Slower Projectiles
Those of skill in the art, recognize that the muzzle velocities for different types of ammunition differs a considerable amount. For example, within pistols, the muzzle velocity of a 9 mm handgun is significantly higher than the muzzle velocity of a 45 caliber pistol. The muzzle velocity for a given type of ammunition will actually depend on part on the length of the barrel of the gun.
In order to design a ballistic barrier for a lower velocity projectile than used in the standard penetration test described above, the ballistic barrier must be made easier to penetrate so that the back end of the projectile penetrates more than one inch into the ballistic barrier. Increasing the amount of chemical air entrainment additive and or increasing the mix time to downwardly adjust the density target for the ballistic material will enable the ballistic panel to be tuned for use with a particular lower velocity projectile. Density of the ballistic concrete may be dropped by simply mixing longer without changing the amount of air entrainment additive. May need to augment with additional air entrainment additive for a severe change in density.
Modifications for Other Bullet Depth Ranges.
One of skill in the art could modify the teachings of the present disclosure to tune the ballistic concrete to capture a bullet from a prescribed round, firearm, and firing distance within a depth range that is different from the 1 to 5 inch range referenced above. Thus, a ballistic concrete component could be tuned to capture bullets in a depth range of 2 to 6 inches of depth as measured to the part of the bullet closest to the entry point, or 0.5 inches to 3 inches of depth as measure to the part of the bullet closest to the entry point.
It is to be understood that, while the teachings of the disclosure have been described in conjunction with the detailed description, thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the claimed invention. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications of the teachings of the disclosure are within the scope of the claims set forth below. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
One of skill in the art will recognize that some of the alternative implementations set forth above are not universally mutually exclusive and that in some cases additional implementations can be created that employ aspects of two or more of the variations described above. The legal limitations of the scope of the claimed invention are set forth in the claims that follow and extend to cover their legal equivalents. Those unfamiliar with the legal tests for equivalency should consult a person registered to practice before the patent authority which granted this patent such as the United States Patent and Trademark Office or its counterpart.
Amidon, Clayton Dean, Siver, Mark Alan
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| Nov 14 2014 | AMIDON, CLAYTON DEAN | AMIDON, INC | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 060270 | /0143 | |
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