A display apparatus includes a display unit that projects an image to a light transmissive display member. The display unit is configured to accommodate a display device and a projection optical system that projects the image displayed on the display device to the display member in a housing including an opening through which projected light is output. The projection optical system includes a first reflecting member disposed on a display device side and a second reflecting member disposed on an opening side in an optical path extending from the display device to the opening. A reflection surface of the first reflecting member that reflects the image displayed on the display device has a convex shape of a free-form surface, and a reflection surface of the second reflecting member that projects the image to the display member has a concave shape of a free-form surface.
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0. 10. A display apparatus comprising a display unit that projects an image to a light transmissive display member, the display apparatus forming a virtual image of the image projected by the display unit on an opposite side to a user side with respect to the display member, wherein
the display unit accommodates a display device that displays the image and a projection optical system that projects the image displayed on the display device to the display member in a housing including an opening through which projected light is output,
the projection optical system includes a first reflecting member disposed on a display device side and a second reflecting member disposed on an opening side in an optical path extending from the display device to the opening,
a reflection surface of the second reflecting member that projects the image to the display member has a concave shape of a free-form surface,
an interval d12 between the first reflecting member and the second reflecting member and an interval dl1 between the first reflecting member and the image of the display device satisfy a relation of 3.0<d12/DL1<10.0 in the display unit,
the opening of the housing includes a first end formed at a first rim on a first reflecting member side of the opening and a second end formed at a second rim on a second reflecting member side of the opening, and
a display surface of the display device, where the image is displayed on the display device, is disposed so as to be located on the first reflecting member side with respect to a straight line connecting the first end and the second end.
6. A display unit that forms a virtual image of an image by projecting the image to a light transmissive display member,
the display unit comprising:
a housing including an opening through which projected light is output;
a display device that is accommodated in the housing and displays the image; and
a projection optical system that is accommodated in the housing and projects the image displayed on the display device to the light transmissive display member, wherein
the projection optical system includes a first reflecting member disposed on a display device side and a second reflecting member disposed on an opening side in an optical path from the display device to the opening,
a reflection surface of the first reflecting member that reflects the image displayed on the display device has a convex shape surface, and a reflection surface of the second reflecting member that projects the image to the display member has a concave shape of a free-form surface,
an interval D12 between the first reflecting member and the second reflecting member and an interval DL1 between the first reflecting member and the image of the display device satisfy a relation of 3.0<D12/DL1<10.0,
the opening of the housing includes a first end formed at a rim on a first reflecting member side of the opening and a second end formed at a rim on a second reflecting member side of the opening, and
a display surface of the display device, where the image is displayed on the display device, is disposed so as to be located on the first reflecting member side with respect to a straight line connecting the first end and the second end.
1. A display apparatus comprising a display unit that projects an image to a light transmissive display member, the display apparatus forming a virtual image of the image projected by the display unit on an opposite side to a user side with respect to the display member, wherein
the display unit is configured to accommodate a display device that displays the image and a projection optical system that projects the image displayed on the display device to the display member in a housing including an opening through which projected light is output,
the projection optical system includes a first reflecting member disposed on a display device side and a second reflecting member disposed on an opening side in an optical path extending from the display device to the opening,
a reflection surface of the first reflecting member that reflects the image displayed on the display device has a convex shape surface, and a reflection surface of the second reflecting member that projects the image to the display member has a concave shape of a free-form surface,
an interval D12 between the first reflecting member and the second reflecting member and an interval DL1 between the first reflecting member and the image of the display device satisfy a relation of 3.0<D12/DL1<10.0 in the display unit,
the opening of the housing includes a first end formed at a rim on a first reflecting member side of the opening and a second end formed at a rim on a second reflecting member side of the opening, and
a display surface of the display device, where the image is displayed on the display device, is disposed so as to be located on the first reflecting member side with respect to a straight line connecting the first end and the second end.
0. 19. A display apparatus comprising a display unit that projects an image to a light transmissive display member, the display apparatus forming a virtual image of the image projected by the display unit on an opposite side to a user side with respect to the display member, wherein
the display unit accommodates a display device that displays the image and a projection optical system that projects the image displayed on the display device to the display member in a housing including an opening through which projected light is output,
the projection optical system includes a first reflecting member disposed on a display device side and a second reflecting member disposed on an opening side in an optical path extending from the display device to the opening,
an interval d12 between the first reflecting member and the second reflecting member and an interval dl1 between the first reflecting member and the image of the display device satisfy a relation of 3.0<d12/DL1<10.0 in the display unit,
the opening of the housing includes a first end formed at a first rim on a first reflecting member side of the opening and a second end formed at a second rim on a second reflecting member side of the opening, and
a display surface of the display device, where the image is displayed on the display device, is disposed so as to be located on the first reflecting member side with respect to a straight line connecting the first end and the second end,
the second reflecting member is located below the opening of the housing in a vertical direction,
a distance between the first rim on the first reflecting member side of the opening and the first reflecting member is smaller than a distance between the first rim on the first reflecting member side of the opening and the display device in the direction orthogonal to the vertical direction.
2. The display apparatus according to
the opening of the housing further includes:
a first light shielding section provided at the rim on the first reflecting member side of the opening; and
a second light shielding section provided at the rim on the second reflecting member side of the opening and having a shape raised from the housing,
the first light shielding section includes the first end, the second light shielding section includes the second end.
3. The display apparatus according to
4. The display apparatus according to
5. The display apparatus accordingly to
7. The display unit according to
the opening of the housing further includes:
a first light shielding section provided at the rim on the first reflecting member side of the opening; and
a second light shielding section provided at the rim on the second reflecting member side of the opening and having a shape raised from the housing,
the first light shielding section includes the first end, the second light shielding section includes the second end.
8. The display unit according to
9. The display unit according to
0. 11. The display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the opening of the housing further includes:
a first light shielding section provided at the first rim on the first reflecting member side of the opening; and
a second light shielding section provided at the second rim on the second reflecting member side of the opening and having a shape raised from the housing,
the first light shielding section includes the first end, the second light shielding section includes the second end.
0. 12. The display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein a convex shape surface of the reflection surface of the first reflecting member has a rotationally asymmetric convex shape.
0. 13. The display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein a convex shape surface of the reflection surface of the first reflecting member is a convex shape of a free-form surface.
0. 14. The display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the second reflecting member is located below the opening of the housing in a vertical direction.
0. 15. The display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
the first rim on the first reflecting mirror side of the opening is located lower than the second rim on the second reflecting member side of the opening in the vertical direction.
0. 16. The display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
the display device is arranged between a lower edge of the first reflective member and a lower edge of the second reflecting member in the direction orthogonal to the vertical direction.
0. 17. The display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
a distance between an upper edge of the second reflecting member and the second rim on the second reflecting member side of the opening is smaller than a distance between the second rim on the second reflecting member side of the opening and the first rim on the first reflecting member side of the opening in the direction orthogonal to the vertical direction.
0. 18. The display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
a reflecting surface of the first reflecting member is not parallel to a reflecting surface of the second reflecting member.
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This application is a reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 10,473,927, which issued Nov. 12, 2019.
1. Technical Field
The present technology relates to a display apparatus that enables a virtual image of a display image to be visually perceived by projecting the display image to a light transmissive display member.
2. Description of Related Art
Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-25205 discloses a headup display including a curved screen that corrects a field curvature of a virtual image. Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-111999 discloses a headup display that divides a display image into two screens and displays the display image.
A display apparatus according to the present technology includes a display unit that projects an image to a light transmissive display member, and the display apparatus forms a virtual image of the image projected by the display unit on an opposite side to a user side with respect to the display member. The display unit is configured to accommodate a display device that displays the image and a projection optical system that projects the image displayed on the display device to the display member in a housing including an opening through which projected light is output. The projection optical system includes a first reflecting member disposed on a display device side and a second reflecting member disposed on an opening side in an optical path extending from the display device to the opening. A reflection surface of the first reflecting member that reflects the image displayed on the display device has a convex shape of a free-form surface, and a reflection surface of the second reflecting member that projects the image to the display member has a concave shape of a free-form surface.
Hereinafter, a display unit and a display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to the drawings. However, a detailed description more than necessary may occasionally be omitted. For example, the detailed description of a well-known item and the overlapping description of a substantially identical configuration may occasionally be omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily redundant, and to ease understanding of those skilled in the art. Note that, the inventor provides the accompanying drawings and the following description in order that those skilled in the art adequately understand the present technology and does not intend to limit the subject matter described in the claims by the accompanying drawings and the following description.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Opening 11A of housing 11 constitutes an outgoing port of projected light of the projection optical system. In opening 11A of housing 11, a light transmissive cover such as a transparent resin sheet may be disposed so as to close opening 11A.
For example, a liquid crystal display apparatus, an organic EL display apparatus, and a plasma display are used as display device 12. In display device 12, a predetermined image is displayed in a display region of display device 12 using an image signal input from display controller 15.
The projection optical system includes first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 in an optical path from display device 12 to wind shield 22 of the display member. First mirror 13 is a first reflecting member disposed on the side of display device 12. Second mirror 14 is a second reflecting member disposed on the display member side, namely, on the side of opening 11A through which the projected light for the image displayed on display device 12 is output.
As illustrated in
Display controller 15 controls the image signal input to display device 12, which enables the display positions of image 16 to be changed in display region 12A.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
That is, in display unit 10 of the exemplary embodiment, the position where the image is displayed on display device 12 can be changed by controlling display controller 15, and user 30 can visually perceive proper virtual image 40 according to the position of the viewpoint of user 30. For example, an attachment error of display unit 10 is generated when display unit 10 is installed on vehicle 20. In display unit 10 of the exemplary embodiment, when display controller 15 is controlled to adjust the display position of the image displayed on display device 12, user 30 can visually perceive proper virtual image 40. Therefore, the attachment error can be corrected in display unit 10 itself. Sometimes the position of the viewpoint of user 30 changes when the position of user 30 changes. In such cases, display controller 15 is controlled to adjust display positions 16A and 16B of image 16 displayed on display device 12, which allows user 30 to visually perceive proper virtual image 40.
In the display apparatus of the exemplary embodiment, desirably the viewpoint of user 30 is located in a substantial center of eye box 31 that is the visually recognizable region in order that user 30 can visually perceive proper virtual image 40. Accordingly, in the case that the position of the viewpoint of user 30 changes, display controller 15 controls the display positions 16A and 16B of image 16 displayed on display device 12 to be moved such that the viewpoint of user 30 is located in the substantial center of eye box 31 that is the visually recognizable region.
According to an experimental result, desirably Vi/Is is greater than or equal to 2 and less than 7. Where Vi is a movement amount of the user's viewpoint region and Is is a movement amount of image 16 displayed on display device 12. More desirably, display controller 15 controls the movement amount of image 16 such that Vi/Is is greater than or equal to 4 and less than 6. The experimental result showed that a distortion of the image observed in eye box 31 of user 30 increases when Vi/Is is greater than or equal to 7, and eye box 31 that is the visually recognizable region of user 30 is narrowed when Vi/Is is less than 2.
First mirror 13 that is the first reflecting member of the projection optical system is disposed above a display surface of display device 12, namely, immediately above display region 12A. In first mirror 13, reflection surface 13A that reflects the image displayed on display device 12 has a convex shape of a free-form surface. Second mirror 14 that is the second reflecting member of the projection optical system is disposed immediately below wind shield 22 that is the display member on the optical path on which the image is reflected by reflection surface 13A of first mirror 13. In second mirror 14, reflection surface 14A that faces reflection surface 13A of first mirror 13 and projects the image to wind shield 22 that is the display member has a concave shape of the free-form surface.
The arrangements of display device 12, first mirror 13, and second mirror 14 in display unit 10 will be described below.
In the display apparatus provided with display unit 10 of the exemplary embodiment, first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 are disposed such that interval D12 between first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 satisfies 0.2<D12/Lv<1.3. Desirably, first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 are disposed such that interval D12 between first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 satisfies 0.5<D12/Lv<1.0. More desirably, first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 are disposed such that an upper limit of interval D12 between first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 satisfies D12/Lv<0.9.
Therefore, user 30 can visually perceive sufficiently large virtual image 40 in small-size display unit 10 having the small interval between first mirror 13 and second mirror 14. An increase in curvature of second mirror 14 can be restrained, and a screen distortion of virtual image 40 can easily be corrected. That is, in the exemplary embodiment, downsizing of display unit 10 can be provided.
In the display apparatus of the exemplary embodiment, a relationship between length Yv in the longitudinal direction of image 16 displayed on display device 12 and distance T in the center optical path from user 30 to virtual image 40 satisfies 0.03<√(T×Lv)/Yv<0.22.
In the exemplary embodiment, when the relationship of √(T×Lv)/Yv between length Yv in the longitudinal direction of image 16 and distance T from user 30 to virtual image 40 is larger than 0.22, the distance from user 30 to virtual image 40 increases to enlarge the display apparatus. On the other hand, when the relationship of √(T×Lv)/Yv between length Yv in the longitudinal direction of image 16 and distance T from user 30 to virtual image 40 is smaller than 0.03, it is necessary to increase the length in the longitudinal direction of image 16 displayed on display device 12, which results in the enlarged display unit 10. That is, in the exemplary embodiment, the downsizing of display unit 10 can be provided, and the downsizing of the display apparatus provided with display unit 10 can be provided.
In the display apparatus provided with display unit 10 of the exemplary embodiment, interval D12 between first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 and interval DL1 between first mirror 13 and image 16 of display device 12 satisfy 3.0<D12/DL1. Desirably interval D12 between first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 and interval DL1 between first mirror 13 and image 16 of display device 12 satisfy 3.5<D12/DL1<10.0. More desirably interval D12 between first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 and interval DL1 between first mirror 13 and image 16 of display device 12 satisfy 5.0<D12/DL1<8.0.
In the exemplary embodiment, when interval D12 between first mirror 13 and second mirror 14 and interval DL1 between first mirror 13 and image 16 of display device 12 satisfy 3.0<D12/DL1, the increase in curvature of second mirror 14 can be restrained, and the screen distortion of virtual image 40 can easily be corrected. That is, in the exemplary embodiment, downsizing of display unit 10 can be provided.
As illustrated in
Therefore, even if the light is incident on display unit 10, the incidence of the light on the display region of display device 12 can be restrained to form high-quality virtual image 40. Additionally, in another exemplary embodiment, display unit 10 includes first light shielding section 11D and second light shielding section 11E to enlarge an opening area of opening 11A, so that a degree of freedom can be ensured in design.
As described above, in the present technology, display unit 10 that projects the image is configured to accommodate display device 12 that displays the image and the projection optical system that projects the image displayed on display device 12 to the display member in housing 11 including opening 11A through which projected light is output. The projection optical system includes first mirror 13 disposed on the side of display device 12 and second mirror 14 disposed on the side of opening 11A in the optical path from display device 12 to opening 11A. Reflection surface 13A of first mirror 13 that reflects the image displayed on display device 12 has the convex shape of the free-form surface, and reflection surface 14A of second mirror 14 that projects the image to the display member has the concave shape of the free-form surface.
In the present technology, the screen distortion generated in wind shield 22 that is the display member having the predetermined curvature can be corrected well. Therefore, the screen distortion is decreased in the virtual image of the image formed on the opposite side to the user side of the display member, and the user can visually perceive the virtual image without sensing an uncomfortable feeling.
In display unit 10 of the present technology, desirably reflection surface 13A of first mirror 13 has a rotationally asymmetric convex shape. Therefore, the screen distortion can be corrected well over the whole user's viewpoint region. Desirably reflection surface 13A of first mirror 13 has the convex shape in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the curvature in the horizontal direction of reflection surface 14A of second mirror 14 can be increased and the display apparatus can be downsized.
Rotationally asymmetric reflection surface 13A of first mirror 13 may have a shape in which the X-axis direction differs from the Y-axis direction in the curvature as illustrated in
Assuming that reference longitudinal curve F1 and reference crosswise curve F2 pass through optical axis C of the center optical path of the image, reflection surface F has reflecting regions θ1, θ2, θ3, and θ4 having different curvatures with a point at which reference longitudinal curve F1 intersects reference crosswise curve F2 as a boundary.
Specific examples of the display apparatus of the present technology will be described below. In Examples described below, the length in Tables has a unit (mm), and the angle has a unit (degree). The free-form surface is defined by the following mathematical formula.
Where z is a sag amount at a position (x,y) from an axis defining the surface, r is a curvature radius at an origin of the axis defining the surface, c is a curvature at the origin of the axis defining the surface, k is a conic constant, and Cj is a coefficient of a monomial xmyn.
In each Example, a coordinate origin that is a reference is located in the center of the image (display surface) displayed on display device 12. In Tables, the crosswise direction of the display surface is set to an X-axis, the longitudinal direction is set to a Y-axis, and a direction perpendicular to the display surface is set to a Z-axis.
In Tables, a surface number 1 indicates the display surface of display device 12, a surface number 2 indicates first mirror 13, a surface number 3 indicates the second mirror, a surface number 4 indicates wind shield 22, and a surface number 5 indicates the user's viewpoint. In eccentric data, ADE means a rotation amount of the mirror from the Z-axis direction toward the Y-axis direction about the X-axis, BDE means a rotation amount of the mirror from the X-axis direction toward the Z-axis direction about the Y-axis, and CDE means a rotation amount of the mirror from the X-axis direction toward the Y-axis direction about the Z-axis.
TABLE 1
Surface
number
X-curvature
Y-curvature
2
603.2021
2654.4
TABLE 2
Surface
number
Polynomial coefficient
3
C1
0.00000E+00
C19
4.87235E−12
C37
0.00000E+00
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
−3.53809E−02
C20
−1.22754E−10
C38
0.00000E+00
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
1.28813E−02
C21
3.76537E−10
C39
0.00000E+00
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
6.92444E−04
C22
−2.41843E−14
C40
0.00000E+00
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
5.21278E−06
C23
5.70609E−14
C41
0.00000E+00
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
2.72060E−04
C24
−1.55312E−13
C42
0.00000E+00
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
−3.35289E−07
C25
5.63778E−13
C43
0.00000E+00
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
−2.38015E−07
C26
−1.72194E−12
C44
0.00000E+00
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
−1.86100E−07
C27
3.64513E−12
C45
0.00000E+00
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
−1.06353E−06
C28
−6.10356E−12
C46
0.00000E+00
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
2.39274E−09
C29
0.00000E+00
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
−1.23325E−10
C30
0.00000E+00
C48
0.00000E+00
C66
0.00000E+00
C13
5.27888E−09
C31
0.00000E+00
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
−7.12437E−09
C32
0.00000E+00
C50
0.00000E+00
C15
1.34163E−08
C33
0.00000E+00
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
9.51762E−13
C34
0.00000E+00
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
−1.48362E−11
C35
0.00000E+00
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
9.29390E−12
C36
0.00000E+00
C54
0.00000E+00
TABLE 3
Surface
Eccentric data
number
Shape
X
Y
Z
ADE
BDE
CDE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Toroidal
−1.836
2.033
48.083
−30.835
2.234
0.577
3
Free-form surface
1.602
116.142
−7.383
−41.903
2.082
0.995
4
Toroidal
12.044
5.809
256.018
43.684
5.817
2.521
5
203.349
−755.414
511.993
109.093
6.642
−8.320
TABLE 4
Surface
number
Polynomial coefficient
2
C1
0.00000E+00
C19
2.41168E−11
C37
0.00000E+00
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
−2.37943E−02
C20
−1.90336E−10
C38
0.00000E+00
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
1.69540E−02
C21
2.95788E−10
C39
0.00000E+00
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
6.95718E−04
C22
−1.14425E−14
C40
0.00000E+00
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
2.53616E−05
C23
9.02420E−14
C41
0.00000E+00
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
2.93214E−04
C24
−1.18772E−13
C42
0.00000E+00
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
−4.97930E−07
C25
2.31335E−13
C43
0.00000E+00
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
−6.24744E−07
C26
−9.13190E−13
C44
0.00000E+00
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
−6.72213E−07
C27
3.19186E−12
C45
0.00000E+00
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
−4.12374E−07
C28
−4.36103E−12
C46
0.00000E+00
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
1.40407E−09
C29
0.00000E+00
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
−3.73506E−10
C30
0.00000E+00
C48
0.00000E+00
C66
0.00000E+00
C13
4.88892E−09
C31
0.00000E+00
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
−3.10558E−09
C32
0.00000E+00
C50
0.00000E+00
C15
8.54164E−09
C33
0.00000E+00
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
−8.95059E−13
C34
0.00000E+00
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
−1.47160E−11
C35
0.00000E+00
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
−1.83957E−12
C36
0.00000E+00
C54
0.00000E+00
3
C1
0.00000E+00
C19
−1.44244E−10
C37
0.00000E+00
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
5.55069E−02
C20
−1.13270E−09
C38
0.00000E+00
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
2.88012E−02
C21
5.86354E−10
C39
0.00000E+00
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
1.79659E−04
C22
−7.19280E−13
C40
0.00000E+00
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
−2.29361E−05
C23
7.83822E−12
C41
0.00000E+00
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
−4.44075E−04
C24
5.78822E−14
C42
0.00000E+00
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
−2.94434E−06
C25
3.58110E−12
C43
0.00000E+00
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
−4.46411E−06
C26
−9.17880E−12
C44
0.00000E+00
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
−2.97119E−06
C27
1.87450E−11
C45
0.00000E+00
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
3.34442E−06
C28
−7.35955E−11
C46
0.00000E+00
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
−1.18069E−08
C29
9.28492E−15
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
−2.24904E−08
C30
−1.66169E−14
C48
0.00000E+00
C66
0.00000E+00
C13
3.83585E−08
C31
−3.33447E−14
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
−5.06094E−09
C32
−6.11151E−14
C50
0.00000E+00
C15
1.15003E−07
C33
−7.48046E−14
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
−4.48742E−11
C34
1.58819E−13
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
6.52135E−11
C35
6.56811E−13
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
−2.66825E−10
C36
1.08622E−14
C54
0.00000E+00
TABLE 5
Surface
Eccentric data
number
Shape
X
Y
Z
ADE
BDE
CDE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Free-form surface
−0.377
6.917
47.660
−27.080
0.566
−0.024
3
Free-form surface
0.676
119.411
−11.103
−40.435
0.556
0.108
4
Toroidal
21.177
17.593
255.181
45.060
6.490
4.825
5
245.397
−728.488
528.440
110.670
9.006
−7.980
TABLE 6
Surface
X-
Y-
number
curvature
curvature
2
711.0349
628.2919
TABLE 7
Surface
number
Polynomial coefficient
3
C1
−7.74625E+00
C19
2.49212E−11
C37
9.30119E−19
C55
5.72526E−18
C2
−1.73760E−02
C20
5.59040E−11
C38
1.67547E−18
C56
−1.43014E−22
C3
−3.54173E−02
C21
2.13743E−11
C39
2.20897E−19
C57
−1.67215E−23
C4
5.57437E−04
C22
−1.14501E−15
C40
−2.43948E−17
C58
−4.39331E−22
C5
4.91213E−05
C23
−2.39542E−14
C41
−2.78455E−18
C59
5.33256E−22
C6
2.72918E−04
C24
5.34863E−14
C42
−9.89926E−18
C60
8.68017E−22
C7
6.70001E−08
C25
5.49852E−13
C43
2.10560E−17
C61
−1.46669E−21
C8
−3.68481E−07
C26
−3.26715E−13
C44
4.10178E−16
C62
4.57527E−21
C9
−7.18698E−08
C27
−9.84776E−13
C45
3.85909E−16
C63
−3.00340E−21
C10
−1.97712E−07
C28
−9.93883E−13
C46
1.40656E−20
C64
−2.54986E−20
C11
1.61710E−09
C29
6.07330E−16
C47
−1.45731E−22
C65
1.92867E−21
C12
4.96069E−11
C30
−1.17494E−16
C48
8.90634E−20
C66
−8.45424E−20
C13
3.19279E−09
C31
−8.05043E−16
C49
9.38960E−20
C14
−2.68371E−09
C32
−2.62095E−15
C50
−2.95915E−19
C15
5.40272E−09
C33
1.69253E−15
C51
−4.41647E−20
C16
−1.87291E−11
C34
−7.25278E−15
C52
6.92333E−19
C17
−1.72096E−12
C35
−1.56103E−14
C53
1.81955E−18
C18
−5.14945E−12
C36
−2.44877E−14
C54
−1.17293E−18
TABLE 8
Surface
Eccentric data
number
Shape
X
Y
Z
ADE
BDE
CDE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Toroidal
2.933
1.054
45.949
−39.465
−1.082
−4.335
3
Free-form surface
8.680
162.225
18.038
−58.032
0.358
−4.453
4
Toroidal
59.478
20.245
245.022
31.889
2.347
1.388
5
168.515
−800.395
336.634
96.038
4.685
−6.441
TABLE 9
Surface
number
Polynomial coefficient
2
C1
0.00000E+00
C19
−1.28160E−10
C37
0.00000E+00
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
−1.88798E−03
C20
−4.88795E−10
C38
0.00000E+00
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
−1.16384E−02
C21
4.65021E−11
C39
0.00000E+00
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
−2.20104E−05
C22
1.79401E−12
C40
0.00000E+00
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
−5.60173E−05
C23
9.52643E−13
C41
0.00000E+00
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
−8.71798E−05
C24
1.70778E−12
C42
0.00000E+00
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
−1.37429E−06
C25
9.42122E−13
C43
0.00000E+00
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
−2.39788E−06
C26
2.23806E−12
C44
0.00000E+00
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
−4.08949E−06
C27
−1.08763E−12
C45
0.00000E+00
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
1.08131E−06
C28
4.61590E−12
C46
0.00000E+00
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
−8.45057E−09
C29
0.00000E+00
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
4.32821E−09
C30
0.00000E+00
C48
0.00000E+00
C66
0.00000E+00
C13
2.24025E−08
C31
0.00000E+00
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
1.51402E−08
C32
0.00000E+00
C50
0.00000E+00
C15
−5.48935E−09
C33
0.00000E+00
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
−6.11656E−11
C34
0.00000E+00
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
−2.97250E−10
C35
0.00000E+00
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
−1.38852E−10
C36
0.00000E+00
C54
0.00000E+00
3
C1
−4.13454E+00
C19
2.13613E−11
C37
5.30403E−19
C55
5.51614E−18
C2
−1.25103E−02
C20
4.26555E−11
C38
1.84207E−18
C56
−1.19051E−22
C3
−3.33999E−02
C21
3.42848E−11
C39
−9.20942E−19
C57
−7.26209E−24
C4
5.57897E−04
C22
−2.89755E−14
C40
−2.48408E−17
C58
−4.55573E−22
C5
4.81348E−05
C23
−2.72475E−14
C41
3.64698E−18
C59
3.97866E−22
C6
2.73964E−04
C24
3.73200E−14
C42
−6.26492E−18
C60
7.64242E−22
C7
−9.02684E−08
C25
4.71097E−13
C43
1.51546E−17
C61
−1.46295E−21
C8
−5.62752E−07
C26
−2.32457E−13
C44
3.47700E−16
C62
3.58028E−21
C9
−4.16046E−07
C27
−1.07144E−12
C45
3.67879E−16
C63
−4.69101E−21
C10
−1.75022E−07
C28
−7.46368E−13
C46
1.68651E−20
C64
−2.21322E−20
C11
1.75704E−09
C29
5.65531E−16
C47
9.24582E−22
C65
8.72864E−21
C12
3.90988E−10
C30
−2.56218E−16
C48
1.00871E−19
C66
−7.82403E−20
C13
2.80206E−09
C31
−6.36585E−16
C49
8.61703E−20
C14
−1.45904E−09
C32
−1.97885E−15
C50
−2.61479E−19
C15
4.27866E−09
C33
1.74136E−15
C51
6.79566E−20
C16
−1.86021E−11
C34
−7.29656E−15
C52
6.59543E−19
C17
−6.34215E−13
C35
−1.68610E−14
C53
1.68901E−18
C18
−1.08581E−11
C36
−2.53896E−14
C54
−9.15230E−19
TABLE 10
Surface
Eccentric data
number
Shape
X
Y
Z
ADE
BDE
CDE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Free-form surface
−3.139
4.384
51.009
−33.675
5.137
−0.818
3
Free-form surface
9.725
159.210
1.656
−50.376
5.155
0.690
4
Toroidal
37.961
47.706
253.040
39.594
7.745
−3.307
5
119.229
−754.992
459.930
103.782
2.822
−13.350
TABLE 11
Surface
number
Polynomial coefficient
2
C1
0.00000E+00
C19
8.54316E−10
C37
0.00000E+00
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
7.43401E−02
C20
−3.00716E−08
C38
0.00000E+00
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
1.26031E−01
C21
8.57783E−08
C39
0.00000E+00
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
6.47921E−04
C22
−2.48786E−11
C40
0.00000E+00
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
4.33203E−05
C23
6.08772E−11
C41
0.00000E+00
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
−9.13686E−06
C24
−7.51368E−11
C42
0.00000E+00
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
2.70405E−06
C25
2.77485E−11
C43
0.00000E+00
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
−2.15690E−05
C26
−5.82084E−11
C44
0.00000E+00
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
−1.00719E−05
C27
−3.76834E−10
C45
0.00000E+00
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
3.62560E−05
C28
8.58741E−10
C46
0.00000E+00
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
−1.28051E−07
C29
0.00000E+00
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
−7.41791E−08
C30
0.00000E+00
C48
0.00000E+00
C66
0.00000E+00
C13
1.95578E−07
C31
0.00000E+00
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
−8.83249E−07
C32
0.00000E+00
C50
0.00000E+00
C15
3.04264E−06
C33
0.00000E+00
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
−1.63944E−09
C34
0.00000E+00
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
5.02021E−09
C35
0.00000E+00
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
3.61341E−09
C36
0.00000E+00
C54
0.00000E+00
3
C1
0.00000E+00
C19
1.05313E−10
C37
0.00000E+00
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
7.52284E−02
C20
−4.81729E−11
C38
0.00000E+00
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
−3.30535E−02
C21
2.49310E−10
C39
0.00000E+00
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
8.44337E−04
C22
−1.70460E−13
C40
0.00000E+00
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
6.09928E−05
C23
−8.10118E−14
C41
0.00000E+00
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
4.14469E−04
C24
−2.61025E−13
C42
0.00000E+00
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
7.24104E−07
C25
−2.44547E−13
C43
0.00000E+00
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
−1.80204E−06
C26
8.29562E−13
C44
0.00000E+00
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
3.80002E−07
C27
−2.79408E−13
C45
0.00000E+00
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
−6.31093E−07
C28
9.61641E−13
C46
0.00000E+00
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
1.57841E−09
C29
0.00000E+00
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
−3.45145E−09
C30
0.00000E+00
C48
0.00000E+00
C66
0.00000E+00
C13
7.12120E−09
C31
0.00000E+00
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
−4.93262E−09
C32
0.00000E+00
C50
0.00000E+00
C15
2.35792E−08
C33
0.00000E+00
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
−1.54142E−11
C34
0.00000E+00
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
−3.73411E−11
C35
0.00000E+00
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
−3.24326E−11
C36
0.00000E+00
C54
0.00000E+00
TABLE 12
Surface
Eccentric data
number
Shape
X
Y
Z
ADE
BDE
CDE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Free-form surface
3.163
19.185
38.804
−30.903
−2.266
−3.512
3
Free-form surface
6.488
129.959
34.777
−62.496
−0.087
−4.178
4
Toroidal
1.181
32.392
161.303
26.936
−5.181
−5.854
5
−168.219
−775.581
126.260
85.317
−12.157
8.390
TABLE 13
Surface
number
Polynomial coefficient
2
C1
5.31393E+00
C19
4.18832E−08
C37
−6.59034E−15
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
6.14628E−02
C20
−1.57336E−07
C38
−3.14026E−14
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
4.64893E−01
C21
2.09544E−07
C39
−1.17757E−14
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
1.79720E−03
C22
−4.57278E−10
C40
−1.12045E−13
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
1.12476E−04
C23
−9.57855E−10
C41
−3.18139E−13
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
−4.01159E−04
C24
2.75575E−10
C42
1.10232E−13
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
3.25630E−05
C25
1.64775E−09
C43
4.23078E−13
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
4.60919E−06
C26
6.44462E−11
C44
1.00736E−12
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
−6.03291E−05
C27
−4.46906E−10
C45
−9.14181E−13
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
−3.58176E−05
C28
2.14478E−09
C46
0.00000E+00
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
−3.92909E−07
C29
−3.42160E−12
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
7.98664E−07
C30
−1.09891E−11
C48
0.00000E+00
C66
0.00000E+00
C13
1.72870E−06
C31
−4.89577E−12
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
−5.87419E−06
C32
−3.37324E−12
C50
0.00000E+00
C15
3.61494E−06
C33
1.53945E−12
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
−2.52222E−08
C34
1.01476E−11
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
−1.72663E−08
C35
6.54663E−11
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
7.33649E−08
C36
−5.37173E−11
C54
0.00000E+00
3
C1
0.00000E+00
C19
1.17932E−10
C37
8.18620E−18
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
2.08429E−02
C20
2.38981E−10
C38
−6.90889E−18
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
1.26733E−01
C21
1.05279E−09
C39
4.21005E−18
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
1.60031E−03
C22
8.16294E−14
C40
−4.25062E−17
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
−7.79659E−05
C23
−4.87975E−13
C41
1.97423E−16
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
1.12460E−03
C24
−7.68740E−13
C42
2.62493E−17
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
9.69798E−07
C25
3.10216E−13
C43
7.93750E−16
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
−9.17625E−07
C26
−1.27347E−12
C44
1.57455E−16
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
1.62679E−06
C27
−3.78998E−12
C45
1.15341E−15
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
3.34641E−07
C28
−8.27369E−12
C46
0.00000E+40
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
1.67478E−09
C29
2.09554E−15
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
1.62408E−09
C30
−2.43596E−15
C48
0.00000E+00
C66
0.00000E+00
C13
−1.95545E−09
C31
2.48185E−15
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
−1.00740E−08
C32
−1.04840E−14
C50
0.00000E+00
C15
−3.43339E−08
C33
1.81644E−14
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
−8.78711E−12
C34
−4.60001E−14
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
−2.95545E−11
C35
6.00041E−15
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
−1.72777E−10
C36
−1.03430E−13
C54
0.00000E+00
TABLE 14
Surface
Eccentric data
number
Shape
X
Y
Z
ADE
BDE
CDE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Free-form surface
7.045
22.397
30.974
1.945
−13.108
0.890
3
Free-form surface
−10.138
87.640
−41.130
−21.652
−12.395
−4.389
4
Toroidal
−28.813
29.813
232.960
57.727
−10.200
8.929
5
−17.199
−635.508
674.614
123.092
0.655
20.204
TABLE 15
Surface
X-
Y-
number
curvature
curvature
2
603.2021
2654.4
TABLE 16
Surface
number
Polynomial coefficient
3
C1
0.00000E+00
C19
4.87235E−12
C37
0.00000E+00
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
−3.53809E−02
C20
−1.22754E−10
C38
0.00000E+00
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
1.28613E−02
C21
3.76537E−10
C39
0.00000E+00
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
6.92444E−04
C22
−2.41643E−14
C40
0.00000E+00
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
5.21278E−06
C23
5.70609E−14
C41
0.00000E+00
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
2.72060E−04
C24
−1.55312E−13
C42
0.00000E+00
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
−3.35289E−07
C25
5.63778E−13
C43
0.00000E+00
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
−2.38015E−07
C26
−1.72194E−12
C44
0.00000E+00
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
−1.86100E−07
C27
3.64513E−12
C45
0.00000E+00
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
−1.06353E−06
C28
−6.10356E−12
C46
0.00000E+00
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
2.39274E−09
C29
0.00000E+00
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
−1.23325E−10
C30
0.00000E+00
C48
0.00000E+00
C66
0.00000E+00
C13
5.27888E−09
C31
0.00000E+00
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
−7.12437E−09
C32
0.00000E+00
C50
0.00000E+00
C15
1.34163E−08
C33
0.00000E+00
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
9.51762E−13
C34
0.00000E+00
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
−1.46362E−11
C35
0.00000E+00
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
9.29390E−12
C36
0.00000E+00
C54
0.00000E+00
TABLE 17
Surface
Eccentric data
number
Shape
X
Y
Z
ADE
BDE
CDE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Toroidal
−1.836
2.033
48.083
−30.835
2.234
0.577
3
Free-form surface
1.602
116.142
−7.383
−41.903
2.082
0.995
4
Toroidal
12.044
5.809
556.018
43.684
5.817
2.521
5
203.349
−755.414
511.993
109.093
6.642
−8.320
TABLE 18
Surface
number
Polynomial coefficient
2
C1
0.00000E+00
C19
−3.35093E−08
C37
4.64867E−18
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
−6.57571E−02
C20
−4.47809E−08
C38
2.62063E−13
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
−4.62022E−03
C21
3.65465E−08
C39
−2.32728E−13
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
4.20899E−04
C22
−7.12345E−10
C40
−1.72566E−12
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
3.31024E−04
C23
−7.68166E−10
C41
−1.30769E−12
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
−2.15702E−03
C24
3.18443E−10
C42
1.36316E−13
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
3.14987E−05
C25
1.59290E−09
C43
−3.87410E−12
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
−1.70716E−05
C26
2.88191E−09
C44
−5.36870E−12
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
1.38602E−05
C27
2.36459E−09
C45
3.92007E−12
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
1.66481E−05
C28
−1.48624E−09
C46
0.00000E+00
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
5.55736E−08
C29
1.11929E−11
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
−6.23406E−08
C30
−7.08850E−12
C48
0.00000E+00
C86
0.00000E+00
C13
−4.48889E−07
C31
3.58639E−11
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
−8.94241E−07
C32
3.21771E−11
C50
0.00000E+00
C15
−6.91527E−07
C33
1.22466E−11
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
−2.06883E−08
C34
6.76941E−11
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
7.39764E−09
C35
9.53552E−11
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
−1.73937E−08
C36
−8.49188E−11
C54
0.00000E+00
3
C1
0.00000E+00
C19
7.36894E−11
C37
0.00000E+00
C55
0.00000E+00
C2
1.05136E−01
C20
−1.83107E−10
C38
0.00000E+00
C56
0.00000E+00
C3
−9.03206E−03
C21
−5.31482E−10
C39
0.00000E+00
C57
0.00000E+00
C4
3.19326E−03
C22
−8.61567E−14
C40
0.00000E+00
C58
0.00000E+00
C5
3.35742E−05
C23
−2.91138E−13
C41
0.00000E+00
C59
0.00000E+00
C6
2.55373E−03
C24
−3.14511E−13
C42
0.00000E+00
C60
0.00000E+00
C7
1.46521E−06
C25
−4.12771E−13
C43
0.00000E+00
C61
0.00000E+00
C8
−1.06354E−06
C26
−6.36879E−12
C44
0.00000E+00
C62
0.00000E+00
C9
1.19716E−06
C27
−2.56930E−11
C45
0.00000E+00
C63
0.00000E+00
C10
−3.22353E−07
C28
−3.20213E−11
C46
0.00000E+00
C64
0.00000E+00
C11
8.49822E−09
C29
0.00000E+00
C47
0.00000E+00
C65
0.00000E+00
C12
−1.76954E−09
C30
0.00000E+00
C48
0.00000E+00
C66
0.00000E+00
C13
1.83426E−08
C31
0.00000E+00
C49
0.00000E+00
C14
2.01842E−08
C32
0.00000E+00
C51
0.00000E+00
C15
4.03481E−08
C33
0.00000E+00
C51
0.00000E+00
C16
−9.97452E−12
C34
0.00000E+00
C52
0.00000E+00
C17
−4.38612E−11
C35
0.00000E+00
C53
0.00000E+00
C18
2.75237E−11
C36
0.00000E−00
C54
0.00000E+00
TABLE 19
Surface
Eccentric data
number
Shape
X
Y
Z
ADE
BDE
CDE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Free-form surface
−0.477
4.508
19.660
−36.499
3.118
−0.887
3
Free-form surface
5.643
130.971
6.704
−59.994
3.213
0.429
4
Toroidal
−101.437
2.506
198.814
30.423
−6.255
−15.582
5
−359.723
−706.261
310.727
105.859
−18.828
9.605
Table 20 illustrates examples of the display size of the image, the virtual image size, and the distance from the user's viewpoint to the virtual image in Examples 1 to 6. Table 21 illustrates examples of numerical values derived from parameters of D12: the interval between first mirror 13 and second mirror 14, Lv: the longitudinal length (T×tan θ) of virtual image 40, T: the distance from the pupil of user 30 to virtual image 40 in
TABLE 20
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Display size
X
97.6
97.6
100.0
100.0
40.9
14.4
Y
36.6
36.6
50.0
50.0
20.5
38.4
Virtual image size
X
420.0
420.0
540.0
540.0
252.0
300.0
Y
157.5
157.5
270.0
270.0
126.0
112.5
Distance between
2100
2100
2700
2700
2100
2500
pupil and virtual
image
TABLE 21
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
D12/Lv
0.84
0.86
0.61
0.61
0.69
0.90
√(T × Lv)/Yv
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.16
0.20
The present technology is suitable for the display apparatus, such as the on-vehicle headup display, in which the high image quality is required.
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