Systems and/or Methods are disclosed for acquiring data from a transceiver responsive to one or more signals that are received at the transceiver from one or more devices. In one embodiment, a transceiver is configured to transmit a signal responsive to having received a first signal from a first device, wherein the signal that is transmitted by the transceiver is configured to trigger a second device to transmit a second signal. The transceiver is further configured to transmit data responsive to having received the second signal that is transmitted by the second device. In other embodiments, a transceiver is configured to receive a signal from a first device over frequencies of a predetermined frequency band that the first device is authorized to use, to receive a signal from a second device over frequencies of the predetermined frequency band and to transmit data responsive to having received both the signal from the first device and the signal from the second device. The transceiver is further configured to require that both the signal from the first device and the signal from the second device be received at the transceiver before the data is transmitted. Analogous methods are also disclosed.
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0. 33. A method of acquiring data from an entity; the method comprising:
receiving at the entity a first signal from a first device that is external to the entity and at a distance from the entity;
relaying by the entity first data responsive to, and based upon, information that the entity receives from the first signal of the first device;
triggering a second device that is external to the entity and at a distance from the entity to transmit a second signal responsive to said relaying by the entity first data;
receiving at the entity the second signal;
transmitting by the entity second data responsive to receiving at the entity the second signal; and
receiving a confirmation at the entity that the second data has been received at the second device;
wherein said relaying by the entity first data comprises:
over a first interval of time, transmitting by the entity a broadcast message at a rate of twice per second, and then, over a second interval of time that follows the first interval of time, ceasing transmissions by the entity of the broadcast message at said rate of twice per second.
0. 36. A transponder comprising a receiver and a transmitter;
wherein the receiver is configured to receive a first signal from a first device that is external to the transponder and at a distance from the transponder;
wherein the transmitter is configured to relay first data responsive to, and based upon, information that the receiver receives from the first signal and to trigger a second device, that is external to the transponder and at a distance from the transponder, to transmit a second signal responsive to the transmitter having relayed said first data;
wherein the receiver is further configured to receive the second signal;
wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit second data responsive to having received the second signal;
wherein the receiver is further configured to receive a confirmation that the second data has been received at the second device; and
wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit a broadcast message by transmitting, over a first interval of time, at a rate of twice per second, and then, over a second interval of time that follows the first interval of time, to cease transmissions at said rate of twice per second.
0. 41. A transponder that is configured to:
receive information;
transmit a first signal responsive to having received the information;
trigger a device that is external to the transponder and at a distance from the transponder to transmit a second signal responsive to having transmitted by the transponder the first signal;
receive the second signal; and
transmit data responsive to having received the second signal;
wherein, responsive to having received the information, the transponder is further configured to transmit the first signal repeatedly and then, to cease transmissions of the first signal responsive to having received a confirmation signal associated therewith;
wherein the transponder is further configured to perform operations comprising:
transmitting the first signal over a first interval of time followed by transmitting the first signal over a second interval of time that follows the first interval of time and is adjacent thereto; then
transmitting a plurality of signals and receiving a plurality of signals over a third interval of time that follows the second interval of time and is adjacent to the second interval of time; and then
ceasing transmissions over a fourth interval of time that follows the third interval of time and is adjacent thereto;
wherein over the third interval of time said transmitting a plurality of signals comprises:
transmitting the first signal and transmitting the data; and
wherein over the third interval of time said receiving a plurality of signals comprises:
receiving the second signal; and
receiving the confirmation signal.
0. 39. A method comprising:
transmitting a first signal by an entity responsive to receiving at the entity information;
triggering a device that is external to the entity and at a distance from the entity to transmit a second signal responsive to said transmitting a first signal by an entity;
receiving at the entity the second signal from the device that is external to the entity and at a distance from the entity; and
transmitting data by the entity responsive to receiving at the entity the second signal from the device that is external to the entity and at the distance from the entity;
wherein said transmitting a first signal by an entity responsive to receiving at the entity information comprises:
repeatedly transmitting the first signal by the entity; and then
ceasing transmissions of the first signal by the entity responsive to receiving at the entity a confirmation signal;
wherein said repeatedly transmitting the first signal by the entity comprises:
transmitting the first signal by the entity over a first interval of time followed by transmitting the first signal by the entity over a second interval of time that follows the first interval of time and is adjacent thereto; then
transmitting a plurality of signals by the entity and receiving a plurality of signals by the entity over a third interval of time that follows the second interval of time and is adjacent to the second interval of time; and then
ceasing transmissions by the entity over a fourth interval of time that follows the third interval of time and is adjacent thereto;
wherein over the third interval of time said transmitting a plurality of signals comprises:
transmitting the first signal and transmitting the data; and
wherein over the third interval of time said receiving a plurality of signals comprises:
receiving the second signal; and
receiving the confirmation signal.
0. 1. A method of acquiring data from an entity; the method comprising:
configuring the entity to wirelessly transmit information using frequencies of a predetermined frequency band responsive to receiving at the entity a first signal from a first device;
transmitting the information from the entity using the frequencies of the predetermined frequency band responsive to said configuring and responsive to said receiving at the entity the first signal from the first device;
triggering a second device to transmit a second signal responsive to said transmitting the information from the entity; and
transmitting data from the entity responsive to receiving at the entity the second signal from the second device.
0. 2. The method according to
using by the entity a frequency that is provided by the first signal and/or second signal.
0. 3. The method according to
configuring the entity to wirelessly communicate with the second device using frequencies of an unlicensed frequency band;
configuring the entity to wirelessly communicate with the first device using frequencies of a cellular frequency band;
configuring the entity to wirelessly receive information from the first device using frequencies of the cellular frequency band and to wirelessly relay the information that the entity receives from the first device to the second device by using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band; and
configuring the entity to wirelessly receive information from the second device using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band and to wirelessly relay the information that the entity receives from the second device to the first device using frequencies of the cellular frequency band;
wherein the entity is transportable and/or mobile.
0. 4. The method according to
receiving an activation message at the entity from the first device; and
configuring the entity to wirelessly communicate with the second device using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band responsive to said receiving an activation message at the entity from the first device.
0. 5. The method according to
refraining by the entity from wirelessly communicating with the second device by using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band barring having received at the entity the activation message from the first device.
0. 6. A transceiver comprising:
a system that is configured to wirelessly transmit information using frequencies of a predetermined frequency band responsive to having received a first signal from h first device;
wherein the system is further configured to trigger a second device to transmit a second signal responsive to the system having received the first signal from the first device; and
wherein the system is further configured to transmit data responsive to having received the second signal that is transmitted by the second device.
0. 7. The transceiver according to
0. 8. The transceiver according to
wirelessly communicate with the second device using frequencies of an unlicensed frequency band;
wirelessly communicate with the first device using frequencies of a cellular frequency band;
wirelessly receive information from the first device over frequencies of the cellular frequency band and wirelessly relay the information that is received from the first device to the second device using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band; and
wirelessly receive information from the second device over frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band and wirelessly relay the information that is received from the second device to the first device using frequencies of the cellular frequency band;
wherein the transceiver is transportable and/or mobile.
0. 9. The transceiver according to
0. 10. The transceiver according to
0. 11. A wireless communications method comprising:
receiving a first signal at an entity from a first device over a short-range wireless link;
transmitting data from the entity to a second device over a long-range link responsive to having received the first signal at the entity from the first device over the short-range wireless link;
receiving a second signal at the entity from the second device over the long-range link; and
exchanging data between the entity and the first device over the short-range wireless link, while refraining from exchanging data between the entity and the second device over the long-range link, responsive to having received the second signal at the entity from the second device over the long-range link.
0. 12. The method of
0. 13. The method of
0. 14. The method of
0. 15. The method of
0. 16. The method of
0. 17. A transceiver comprising:
a system that is configured to receive a first signal from a first device over a short-range wireless link; to transmit data to a second device over a long-range link responsive to having received the first signal from the first device over the short-range wireless link; and to receive a second signal from the second device over the long-range link;
wherein the system is further configured to exchange data with the first device over the short-range wireless link, and to refrain from exchanging data with the second device over the long-range link, responsive to having received the second signal from the second device over the long-range link.
0. 18. The transceiver according to
0. 19. The transceiver according to
0. 20. The transceiver according to
0. 21. The transceiver according to
0. 22. The transceiver according to
0. 23. A communications method comprising:
configuring an entity to wirelessly communicate with a first device using frequencies of a cellular frequency band;
configuring the entity to wirelessly communicate with a second device using frequencies of an unlicensed frequency band;
configuring the entity to wirelessly receive information from the first device using frequencies of the cellular frequency band and to wirelessly relay the information that the entity receives from the first device to the second device by using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band; and
configuring the entity to wirelessly receive information from the second device over frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band and to wirelessly relay the information that the entity receives from the second device to the first device using frequencies of the cellular frequency band;
wherein the entity is transportable and/or mobile; and
wherein said configuring the entity to wirelessly communicate with a second device using frequencies of an unlicensed frequency band comprises:
wirelessly receiving an activation message at the entity from the first device;
configuring the entity to wirelessly communicate with the second device using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band responsive to said wirelessly receiving an activation message at the entity from the first device; and
refraining by the entity from wirelessly communicating with the second device by using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band barring having received at the entity the activation message from the first device.
0. 24. A transceiver comprising a system that is configured to:
wirelessly communicate with a first device using frequencies of a cellular frequency band;
wirelessly communicate with a second device using frequencies of an unlicensed frequency band;
wirelessly receive information from the first device over frequencies of the cellular frequency band and wirelessly relay the information that is received from the first device to the second device using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band; and
wirelessly receive information from the second device over frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band and wirelessly relay the information that is received from the second device to the first device using frequencies of the cellular frequency band;
wherein the system is further configured to wirelessly communicate with the second device using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band responsive to having received an activation message from the first device;
wherein the system is further configured to refrain from wirelessly communicating with the second device by using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band barring having received the activation message from the first device; and
wherein the transceiver is transportable and/or mobile.
0. 25. A method of acquiring data from an entity, the method comprising:
configuring the entity to wirelessly transmit information using frequencies of a predetermined frequency band responsive to receiving at the entity a first signal from a first device;
transmitting the information from the entity using the frequencies of the predetermined frequency band responsive to said configuring and responsive to said receiving at the entity the first signal from the first device;
triggering a second device to transmit a second signal responsive to said transmitting the information from the entity; and
transmitting data from the entity responsive to receiving at the entity the second signal from the second device;
wherein the predetermined frequency band comprises frequencies of an unlicensed frequency band;
wherein said receiving at the entity a first signal from a first device comprises receiving at the entity the first signal from the first device over frequencies of a cellular frequency band; and
wherein the entity is transportable and/or mobile.
0. 26. The method according to
configuring the entity to wirelessly receive information from the first device using frequencies of the cellular frequency band and to wirelessly relay the information that the entity receives from the first device to the second device by using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band; and
configuring the entity to wirelessly receive information from the second device over frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band and to wirelessly relay the information that the entity receives from the second device to the first device using frequencies of the cellular frequency band.
0. 27. The method according to
wirelessly receiving an activation message at the entity from the first device; and
configuring the entity to wirelessly communicate with the second device using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band responsive to said wirelessly receiving an activation message at the entity from the first device.
0. 28. The method according to
refraining by the entity from wirelessly communicating with the second device by using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band barring having received at the entity the activation message from the first device.
0. 29. A transceiver comprising:
a system that is configured to:
wirelessly transmit information using frequencies of a predetermined frequency band responsive to having received a first signal from a first device;
wherein the system is further configured to trigger a second device to transmit a second signal responsive to the system having received the first signal from the first device; and
wherein the system is further configured to transmit data responsive to having received the second signal that is transmitted by the second device;
wherein the system is configured to receive the first signal from the first device over frequencies of a cellular frequency band and to receive the second signal from the second device over frequencies of an unlicensed frequency band;
wherein the transceiver is transportable and/or mobile.
0. 30. The transceiver according to
wirelessly receive information from the first device over frequencies of the cellular frequency band and wirelessly relay the information that is received from the first device to the second device using frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band; and
wirelessly receive information from the second device over frequencies of the unlicensed frequency band and wirelessly relay the information that is received from the second device to the first device using frequencies of the cellular frequency band.
0. 31. The transceiver according to
0. 32. The transceiver according to
0. 34. The method according to claim 33,
wherein said receiving at the entity a first signal from a first device comprises: wirelessly receiving the first signal at the entity from the first device and directly receiving the first signal at the entity from the first device;
wherein said relaying by the entity first data comprises: wirelessly relaying by the entity the first data and directly relaying by the entity the first data to the second device;
wherein said triggering a second device that is external to the entity and at a distance from the entity to transmit a second signal comprises: wirelessly triggering the second device to transmit the second signal, directly triggering the second device to transmit the second signal and exclusively triggering the second device to transmit the second signal;
wherein said receiving at the entity the second signal comprises: wirelessly receiving at the entity the second signal, directly receiving at the entity the second signal from the second device and exclusively receiving at the entity the second signal from the second device;
wherein said transmitting by the entity second data comprises: wirelessly transmitting by the entity the second data, directly transmitting by the entity the second data to the second device and exclusively transmitting by the entity the second data to the second device; and
wherein said receiving a confirmation at the entity that the second data has been received by the second device comprises: wirelessly receiving the confirmation at the entity that the second data has been received by the second device, directly receiving the confirmation at the entity from the second device that the second data has been received by the second device and exclusively receiving the confirmation at the entity from the second device that the second data has been received by the second device.
0. 35. The method according to claim 33, wherein said relaying by the entity further comprises:
wirelessly transmitting by the entity only once per 0.5 seconds and over a plurality of 0.5 second intervals that are successive and adjacent to one another, followed by wirelessly transmitting and receiving by the entity a plurality of signals that are associated to said relaying comprising the second signal, the second data and the confirmation, followed by ceasing of said wirelessly transmitting by the entity only once per 0.5 seconds.
0. 37. The transponder according to claim 36,
wherein said receiver is further configured to receive the first signal from the first device wirelessly and directly therefrom;
wherein the transmitter is further configured to relay to a second device first data wirelessly and directly thereto and to trigger the second device to transmit the second signal wirelessly, directly and exclusively to the receiver;
wherein the receiver is further configured to receive the second signal from the second device wirelessly, directly and exclusively therefrom;
wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit second data to the second device wirelessly, directly and exclusively thereto; and
wherein the receiver is further configured to receive the confirmation from the second device wirelessly, directly and exclusively therefrom.
0. 38. The transponder according to claim 36, wherein the transponder is further configured to:
wirelessly transmit first data only once per a 0.5 seconds interval and over a plurality of 0.5 second intervals that are successive and adjacent to one another; then
wirelessly transmit and receive a plurality of signals comprising the second signal, the second data and the confirmation; and then
cease the wireless transmissions of first data at said 0.5 seconds interval and over a plurality of 0.5 second intervals that are successive and adjacent to one another.
0. 40. The method according to claim 39,
wherein said transmitting a first signal by an entity comprises: wirelessly transmitting the first signal by the entity;
wherein said triggering a device that is external to the entity and at a distance from the entity to transmit a second signal comprises: wirelessly and directly triggering the device that is external to the entity and at the distance from the entity to transmit the second signal;
wherein said receiving at the entity the second signal comprises: receiving at the entity the second signal wirelessly, directly and exclusively from the device that is external to the entity and at the distance from the entity;
wherein said transmitting data by the entity responsive to receiving at the entity the second signal comprises: transmitting data by the entity wirelessly, directly and exclusively to the device that is external to the entity and at the distance from the entity;
wherein said repeatedly transmitting the first signal by the entity comprises: repeatedly and wirelessly transmitting the first signal by the entity;
wherein said transmitting the first signal by the entity over a first interval of time comprises: wirelessly transmitting the first signal by the entity over the first interval of time;
wherein said transmitting the first signal by the entity over a second interval of time that follows the first interval of time comprises: wirelessly transmitting the first signal by the entity over the second interval of time that follows the first interval of time;
wherein said transmitting a plurality of signals by the entity and receiving a plurality of signals by the entity over a third interval of time that follows the second interval of time and is adjacent to the second interval of time comprises: wirelessly transmitting the plurality of signals by the entity and wirelessly receiving the plurality of signals by the entity over the third interval of time that follows the second interval of time and is adjacent to the second interval of time;
wherein said receiving a confirmation signal at the entity comprises: wirelessly receiving the confirmation signal at the entity; and
wherein said receiving at the entity information comprises: wirelessly receiving at the entity information.
0. 42. The transponder according to claim 41, wherein the transponder is further configured to perform operations comprising:
wirelessly transmitting the first signal;
wirelessly and directly triggering the device that is external to the transponder and at the distance from the transponder to transmit the second signal;
receiving the second signal wirelessly, directly and exclusively from the device that is external to the transponder and at said distance from the transponder;
transmitting the data directly and exclusively to the device that is external to the transponder and at said distance from the transponder;
repeatedly and wirelessly transmitting the first signal;
wirelessly transmitting the first signal over the first interval of time;
wirelessly transmitting the first signal over the second interval of time that follows the first interval of time;
wirelessly transmitting the plurality of signals and wirelessly receiving the plurality of signals over the third interval of time that follows the second interval of time and is adjacent to the second interval of time;
wirelessly receiving the confirmation signal; and
wirelessly receiving the information.
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The present application is a fi, could include in its interrogation a command instructing the Transponder to reply at fj (fi≠fj). Alternatively, the Interrogator can be told, via the broadcast message that triggers it, to interrogate at fk (fk≠fi≠fj) etc. When the above exchange of information between Transponder and Interrogator is complete (as indicated by the confirmation to the Transponder by the Interrogator) the Transponder ceases all further transmissions of its broadcast until it is once again triggered by some other Notificator. In some embodiments, the Transponder broadcasts will not cease, however, if they are caused by a vehicle theft condition. If the Transponder's broadcasts relate to a stolen vehicle state, the broadcasts will continue to facilitate vehicle tracking as said vehicle travels from Interrogator site to Interrogator site.
According to some embodiments, one reason for including the Notificator's coordinates in the Transponder's broadcast message, is to reduce or preclude the possibility of having vehicles wrongly accused of violating the speed limit. One can imagine, for example, a vehicle on a highway violating the speed limit by going 75 mph while the posted speed limit is 55 mph. Let's assume that said vehicle is broadcasting, and imagine a location where the highway and a city road come very close together. Furthermore, let's assume that, due to an engineering oversight or other reason, an Interrogator situated on the city road (at the point where the city road and the highway come close to each other) can hear broadcasts of vehicle Transponders traveling on the highway. By deciphering the broadcast message, and reading the Notificator's coordinates, the road Interrogator can ignore all highway vehicle broadcasts (even though some aspect of the law has been violated) since the Notificator's coordinates make it clear that said broadcasts relate to vehicles on an other road/highway and, hence, will be handled by Interrogators on said other road/highway. Similarly, if due to some improper installation/calibration of a Notificator or other reason, its radiated signals are heard by Transponders on roads/highways other than the intended one, Interrogators on said “other than the intended one” route will ignore any broadcasts initiated by said Transponders. Failure to correlate between the Notificator's “coordinates”, as relayed by the Transponder's broadcast, and those of the listening Interrogator, can inhibit triggering the Interrogator to interrogate8. 8 It should be understood that the term “coordinates” is used throughout this document in a very liberal sense. In some embodiments, the term coordinates is not used with geometrical rigor to specify a precise point in space; rather, it is used to specify a particular road/highway and in some cases a specific location on said road/highway (e.g. route 495 between exits 50 and 51). It is envisaged that Notificators and Interrogators belonging to the same road/highway will be positioned close to each other (may even be co-located, or even physically integrated onto one assembly). As such, the “coordinates” relayed by a Transponder broadcast should always correlate, at least with regard to the specified road/highway, with the coordinates of an Interrogator hearing the broadcast. In other embodiments, precise geometrical coordinates may be used.
In some embodiments, Notificators frequency-hop from one notification message to the next in order to comply with regulatory requirements of the unlicensed-frequency Instrumentation, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. Each notification message is repeated at each transponder listening frequency fi; i=1, 2, . . . , L. Preferably, the L repeats of each notification should occur over a short period of time (e.g., within 500 ms or less). In some embodiments, transponders do not have any timing or frequency-hop pattern information relative to Notificators. A Transponder simply tunes its receiver to a frequency, randomly selected from the set {fi; i=1, 2, . . . , L}, and listens.
3.2.1 Special Purpose Notificators at Stop Lights
Special Purpose Notificators may be strategically positioned in the proximity of traffic lights. Such Notificators may contain lists of reported stolen vehicles (as relayed to them by the CPU) and may broadcast such lists periodically. The placement of Notificators in the proximity of traffic lights can offer advantages to the system. As a traffic light turns red, most vehicles (even those in the possession of thieves) stop. The (relatively long) time interval over which vehicles remain stationary at traffic lights allows the Notificator to transmit a significantly longer stolen vehicles list than it could otherwise be able to. As a result, the probability that a stolen vehicle will hear the message “you have been stolen”, as relayed to it, for example, via a broadcast of its unique vehicle ID, is increased. Once a stolen vehicle receives the notification that it has been stolen, its “theft status” flag is raised, thus triggering the vehicle to start broadcasting, as already discussed, in accordance with the second embodiments.
The frame format configuration for this relatively long message may be as shown on
At the beginning of the “stolen vehicles list” notification message and intermittently thereafter, the message segment may be repeated on all Transponder listening frequencies in order to get all proximate Transponders to track the message (to follow the frequency-hopping pattern)10. By doing so, all Transponders in the vicinity of the Special Purpose Notificator can receive a message segment which reveals the value of the next hop frequency at which the message is to be continued. 10 As will be described later, when the Special Purpose Notificator is co-located with Traffic Light State Notificators, this may not be necessary.
In some embodiments, an Interrogator sequentially transmits its interrogation on all possible frequencies (f1 through fL) that Transponders may be listening to.
In some embodiments, all Transponder responses that are received error free by the relevant Interrogator are acknowledged via a confirmation to the issuing Transponder. As illustrated on
As has been stated earlier, in accordance with the second embodiments, shortly after a Transponder is triggered by a Notificator to start broadcasting, said Transponder pseudo-randomly selects a frequency from the set {fi; i=1, 2, . . . , L} and begins to transmit identifying information over said frequency. The Transponder broadcast burst is transmitted periodically (for example, once every 500 msec) until an Interrogator is triggered to interrogate. As illustrated in
In accordance with the second embodiments, it has already been stated that the Transponder, once triggered to start broadcasting, pseudo-randomly (and in some embodiments, uniformly and with no bias over the available frequency set) changes transmit/receive frequency once per broadcast interval (at least once about every 500 msec). When the Transponder is not in the broadcast mode, it randomly (and in some embodiments uniformly) selects a frequency from the set {fi; i=1, 2, . . . , L} to listen to. The Transponder stays at the chosen frequency, and continues to listen for Notificator messages until a Notificator message and some violation of the law and/or a distress state and/or the Transponder's desire to transmit or receive information, triggers said Transponder once again into the broadcast mode.
In accordance with the first embodiments, each Transponder can be configured so that in response to each received interrogation confirmation message the Transponder hops pseudo-randomly (and preferably uniformly) to a new frequency fi. Consequently, even if all Transponders at the time of manufacturing and/or installation are initialized to a common receive/transmit frequency f0, : f0ϵ{f1, f2, . . . , fL}, offenders would soon be randomized. Alternative embodiments may entail assigning, in a pseudo-random fashion, at the time of manufacturing and/or installation, a receive/transmit frequency to each Transponder, which the Transponder then maintains ad infinitum. Variations of the two embodiments may also be used.
We have already described how embodiments of CVIS may be used to identify and record various driving violations such as exceeding of the speed limit, the driver not having engaged the seat belt mechanism, operating a vehicle with expired inspection status, driving a stolen vehicle, etc. We have also described how embodiments of CVIS can serve as a safety net for drivers in distress and how embodiments of CVIS can provide other services and information to motorists. In this section, we describe other embodiments of CVIS—the ability of embodiments of CVIS to detect traffic light and stop sign violations. Not honoring a traffic light (i.e., not stopping at a red light) may be one of the most dangerous behavior patterns that a driver can engage in.
As noted earlier, according to some embodiments of the present invention, a vehicle approaching Traffic Light Set A will first encounter the Approaching Traffic Light Set A Notificator. The Approaching Traffic Light Set A Notificator informs the vehicle that it is about to enter the listening range of a possible plurality of Traffic Light Sets, but it is only to listen and pay attention to transmissions (notifications) originating from Notificators of Traffic Light Set A. The Approaching Traffic Light Set A Notificator also informs the vehicle of the Transponder listening frequencies corresponding to Traffic Light Set A (chosen so as to maintain orthogonality between the transmissions of the plurality of Notificator sets corresponding to a plurality of Traffic Light Sets that may be proximate at an intersection). The Approaching Traffic Light Set A Notificator transmits its notification periodically (say once every 500 msec) repeating said notification on all Transponder listening frequencies within the repetition interval (within the 500 msec). An illustrative packet format for the Approaching Traffic Light Set Notificator is shown in
In some embodiments, each Traffic Light State Notificator periodically transmits a notification informing Transponders of its associated Traffic Light Assembly state. The Traffic Light State Notificator receives information regarding the state of its corresponding Traffic Light Assembly, for example, from the corresponding Traffic Light Assembly itself (see
Frequency coordination between the Stolen Vehicles List Notificator and the Traffic Light State Notificator(s) associated with a particular Traffic Light Set, such as the Traffic Light Set shown on
In accordance with some embodiments of the invention as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the Interrogators following a Traffic Light Set can be of either type—Independent or Dependent. First, assume that Interrogators of the Independent type follow Traffic Light Sets. If a vehicle travels straight-ahead past a Traffic Light Set, and upon interrogation presents a Red Traffic Light State response (within the Traffic Light Assembly S field; see
In accordance with the second embodiments, and in addition to all other embodiments already discussed with respect to said second embodiments, Transponders may be configured such as a non-zero vehicular velocity in conjunction with straight-ahead motion and a Red Traffic Light State from a corresponding (straight-ahead) Traffic Light Assembly will trigger Transponder broadcasts. Transponders may also be configured so that vehicular motion in conjunction with having made a left turn and a Red Traffic Light State from the corresponding left turn Traffic Light Assembly will also trigger Transponder broadcasts, etc. . . .
The notion of having associated a Traffic Light State Notificator with each Traffic Light Assembly (see
In some embodiments, the CPU may ascertain, in substantially real time, the current traffic state (over a geographic area) from a plurality of Interrogators. In response to the current traffic state, the desired traffic state, and the state of a plurality of Traffic Light Assemblies, the CPU may execute an optimization algorithm (e.g., Kalman-based) to determine the optimum set of parameters for said plurality of Traffic Light Assemblies so as to optimally bring about the desired traffic state. Optimal and (nearly) real-time adaptive feedback control of the traffic state may thus be performed by the CPU.
In accordance with these embodiments, a Transponder is notified by a Notificator that it is approaching a stop sign (or that it has just passed by a stop sign). As such, the vehicle associated with the notified Transponder is expected to execute (or to have executed) a complete stop at the stop sign. Thus, in response to such a notification, the vehicle's velocity is examined over a time interval (±τ) about the notification. If a zero velocity reading is found, the vehicle has obeyed the letter of the Law and has stopped at the stop sign; if not, the vehicle is in violation. If the vehicle has not made a complete stop, other questions such as did the vehicle slow down, and if yes by how much, may be asked.
The Hand-Held Transponder Loader (HHTL) and the Hand-Held Transponder Retriever (HHTR) are devices that input and output, respectively, information to/from the Transponder according to some embodiments of the present invention. The exchange of information between a HHTL and a Transponder or a HHTR and a Transponder preferably takes place wirelessly. The HHTL may be, for example, used by an Inspection Station to update the contents of a particular Transponder following an inspection of the vehicle associated with said Transponder. The HHTL may also be used to load into a Transponder a plurality of images, each reflecting characteristics of an authorized driver, so that in the event of a violation, correlations between the driver's “image” and the a priori stored images may be performed locally (within the Transponder). These embodiments can reduce or minimize the amount of data that would need to be relayed to the CPU. The HHTL may also be used by the Motor Vehicles Department to periodically load data into Transponders.
In some embodiments, the HHTR may be a portable device that may be used to (wirelessly) extract the records of drivers from Transponders. Law enforcement officials and insurance company agents, for example, may be users of HHTRs. The HHTR may also be equipped with means to delete Transponder records in response to specific input instruction.
According to other embodiments of the invention, shipping containers, or any other ensemble of transportable vehicles, may be equipped with Transponders. Each Transponder may be configured to accept inputs from one or more sensors of a container/transportable vehicle unit, relating to, for example, the contents of the container/transportable vehicle unit, its environmental state, whether the unit has been opened (and when) since it left a particular origin, etc. . . . , and may keep a record of such sensory inputs. At a particular destination (a loading/unloading dock) an Interrogator may be used to survey the ensemble of such container/transportable vehicle units.
In order to conserve battery life (if the Transponder of a container/transportable vehicle unit is operating on battery power) the Transponder may be configured to have a sleep mode whereby it may, for example, sleep for 1 sec., and then wake-up to listen and take sensor readings for 10 msec. If during the listening interval the Transponder detects a “presence signal” of an Interrogator, the Transponder may remain awake in order to read the interrogation message content and respond with unique identifying information. The Transponder may also relay to the Interrogator the contents of its record (a measure of its sensory inputs). Following the Transponder's response to the interrogation, and following a confirmation of reception sent to the Transponder by the Interrogator, the Transponder may return to its sleep mode cycle (i.e., sleeping for 1 sec. and awaking-up for 10 msec. to listen and take sensor readings). Any subsequent detections of the Interrogator's presence signal by the Transponder may be ignored by a Transponder that has already responded and has received confirmation that its response has been received. The time interval for which the subsequent detections of the Interrogator's presence signal may be ignored (by a Transponder that has responded and has received confirmation) may be a priori determined and stored within the Transponder, may be chosen by the Transponder, or may be dictated by the Interrogator's interrogation message. The Interrogator's presence signal may be a direct-sequence-spread and/or frequency-hopping waveform (or even a simple CW) whose parameter values are a priori known to the Transponder. Thus, each time the Transponder wakes-up, acquisition of the Interrogator's presence signal is attempted. If the presence signal is acquired, the Transponder remains awake in order to receive and process an Interrogation.
To reduce or minimize the probability of Transponder response collisions (particularly in areas where there may be a large ensemble of container/transportable vehicle units equipped with Transponders) the Interrogator may selectively command (via the interrogation message) a subset of the ensemble of container/transportable vehicle unit Transponders to respond. Thus, sequentially, subset-by-subset, the entire ensemble of Transponders may be interrogated to respond.
An ensemble of container/transportable vehicle units that may be en-route (on a barge, railroad cart, airplane, or a truck) may also be subject to the same interrogation process described above. In this case, however, a special purpose Interrogator device may be used. The special purpose Interrogator device may be permanently installed on the barge, railroad cart, airplane, or truck. The special purpose Interrogator device may contain an Interrogator (as specified above) in conjunction with a Transponder. The Interrogator component of the special purpose Interrogator device may be configured to interrogate the ensemble of container/transportable vehicle units, as described earlier, and thus gather a summary of their state. This summary may then be relayed to the Transponder component of the special purpose Interrogator device. Thus, as the barge, railroad cart, airplane, or truck that is transporting the ensemble of container/transportable vehicle units passes by an Interrogator (of the type that has been described for usage on the side of roads and/or highways) information reflecting the state of the container/transportable vehicle units ensemble that is en-route may be relayed to a CVIS CPU. The ability to interrogate and ascertain the state of the container/transportable vehicle units ensemble, as it travels from a point of origin to a point of destination, may offer significant Home Land Security benefits.
In some embodiments of the invention, every vehicle may be CVIS equipped (may have a built-in Transponder). However, in other embodiments, not every vehicle's Transponder may be activated. A vehicle's Transponder may be activated voluntarily by the owner of the vehicle or, in the event that it isn't, a vehicle's Transponder may be activated by a Government authority. For example, an automobile insurance company may offer an insurance premium discount with CVIS activation of a vehicle. Thus, some people may choose to have their vehicles CVIS activated. A vehicle that is not CVIS activated and is involved in a number of accidents/traffic violations, may be ordered by the authorities to become CVIS activated.
CVIS may be activated in a vehicle in response to an interrogation message. In some embodiments, the Transponder of a vehicle that is not CVIS activated continues to receive interrogations, it simply does not respond. As such, the vehicle's Transponder may receive an interrogation specifying the vehicle's unique ID and ordering the vehicle to become CVIS active. Thus, from that time on, the Transponder of the vehicle will configure itself in a CVIS active mode and will begin responding to interrogations. This covert mode of CVIS activation may be used by the authorities where there is probable cause (as is the case with legal wire-tapping) to gather information on suspect behavior. A vehicle that has been CVIS activated by the above technique may become CVIS de-activated in response to an interrogation ordering the vehicle's Transponder back into a CVIS dormant mode.
A jamming device may be used in the vicinity of a CVIS Transponder to prevent the Transponder from deciphering interrogations and/or notifications and thus prevent the Transponder from ever responding to interrogations. The jamming device may be configured to jam the entire band over which the Transponder is configured to receive information from Interrogators and/or Notificators. In order to defeat this threat, the following embodiment may be used:
Since a Transponder knows the frequency that its receiver is tuned to, the Transponder's transmitter may be tuned to the same frequency to transmit an a priori known (to the Transponder receiver) message. In this mode, the transmitter of the Transponder may use a radiating element that is sufficiently apart (spatially) from the Transponder's receiving antenna element (one antenna element may be situated near the front of the vehicle while the other may be positioned near the rear of the vehicle). If the a priori known message that is transmitted by the Transponder's transmitter is not received reliably by the Transponder's receiver (while all other Transponder diagnostics are showing no malfunction) a warning signal/message/alarm may instruct the vehicle's operator to disable the jamming device. If the effect of the jamming device persists for more than a predetermined time interval (following the warning signal/message/alarm) then the vehicle's engine may, for example, stop.
In other embodiments, given the relatively low-cost nature of the Transponder, large-scale redundancy may be provided. Each vehicle may contain a plurality of Transponders, all networked together wirelessly (or otherwise) so that if one fails, the next can provide the necessary functions. The plurality of Transponder chip-sets may be situated in different areas of a vehicle so as to make it difficult to identify and disable. Transponder chip-sets may also be integrated with other electronic functions of a vehicle such that the Transponder assumes an amorphous (or distributed) nature, thus making it difficult for someone to identify, isolate, and disable, without also causing harm to other vehicular electronics.
A vehicle may be equipped with GPS signal processing means and with a satellite/terrestrial transceiver capable of communicating directly with a CVIS CPU. Thus, a vehicle may attain a measure of its position from GPS signal processing. Furthermore, a vehicle may be interrogated via a terrestrial wireless system (cellular, PCS, or other) or via a satellite system. In response to such an interrogation, the vehicle may ascertain a measure of its position from processing of GPS signals and may relay directly to a CPU, via the satellite/terrestrial transceiver unit, information responsive to the interrogation.
Fire trucks, Police vehicles, ambulances, and other authorized vehicles may be equipped with Transponders capable of controlling the traffic signals at intersections along their path. A Transponder of an authorized vehicle may receive, from an Approaching Traffic Light Set Notificator, information regarding an approaching Traffic Light Set. The Transponder of the authorized vehicle may then use this information to command the Traffic Light Set in its path to turn green while all other Traffic Light Sets that may exist at the same intersection are commanded to turn red.
This embodiment of CVIS may provide significant additional safety to motorists, passengers of vehicles, and pedestrians that may be in the vicinity of an emergency vehicle while the emergency vehicle is pursuing its objective at high speed. A hearing impaired person, for example, who may not hear the sirens of an approaching emergency vehicle, may respond to the altered state of traffic signals. Similarly, a vehicle packed with teenagers, with their stereo blasting away at maximum setting, may not hear the sirens of an approaching emergency vehicle but may respond to the altered state of traffic signals.
In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.
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