Integrated systems and associated method for manipulating tissues and anatomical or other structures in medical applications for the purpose of treating diseases or disorders or other purposes. In one aspect, the system includes a delivery device configured to deploy and implant anchor devices for such purposes.
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27. A system including an anchor assembly for assembly within a patient's body, comprising:
a first anchor member;
a second anchor member including a first part and a second part;
a connector joining the first and second anchor members;
wherein the first and second parts are configured to be joined with the connector and each other within a patient's body;
wherein the anchor delivery device is configured to accomplish the assembly of the anchor assembly within a patient's body and to accomplish the implantation of an assembled anchor assembly and wherein the anchor delivery device includes a system that applies a tensile load to the connector.
1. A system for implanting an anchor assembly, comprising:
at least one anchor assembly, the anchor assembly including a first anchor member, a second anchor member, and a connector joining the first and second anchor members; and
an anchor delivery device, the anchor delivery device including a first actuator that accomplishes implanting the first anchor, a tension mechanism that applies a desired tension to the connector and at least one of a second actuator that accomplishes assembly of the second anchor and a third actuator that cuts the connector to a desired length;
wherein actuation of the first actuator accomplishes gaining access to a first site and deployment of the first anchor member independently of the second anchor member.
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This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/492,690, filed on July 24, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,896,891, a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/318,246, filed on Dec. 22, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,645,286, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/134,870, filed on May 20, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,758,594, the entire disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to medical devices and methods, and more particularly to integrated systems and associated methods for manipulating or retracting tissues and anatomical or other structures within the body of human or animal subjects for the purpose of treating diseases or disorders and/or for cosmetic or reconstructive or other purposes.
There are a wide variety of situations in which it is desirable to lift, compress or otherwise reposition normal or aberrant tissues or anatomical structures (e.g., organs, ligaments, tendons, muscles, tumors, cysts, fat pads, etc.) within the body of a human or animal subject. Such procedures are often carried out for the purpose of treating or palliating the effects of diseases or disorders (e.g., hyperplasic conditions, hypertrophic conditions, neoplasias, prolapses, herniations, stenoses, constrictions, compressions, transpositions, congenital malformations, etc.) and/or for cosmetic purposes (e.g., face lifts, breast lifts, brow lifts, etc.) and/or for research and development purposes (e.g., to create animal models that mimic various pathological conditions). In many of these procedures, surgical incisions are made in the body and laborious surgical dissection is performed to access and expose the affected tissues or anatomical structures. Thereafter, in some cases, the affected tissues or anatomical structures are removed or excised. In other cases, various natural or man made materials are used to lift, sling, reposition or compress the affected tissues.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
One example of a condition where it is desirable to lift, compress or otherwise remove a pathologically enlarged tissue is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is one of the most common medical conditions that affect men, especially elderly men. It has been reported that, in the United States, more than half of all men have histopathologic evidence of BPH by age 60 and, by age 85, approximately 9 out of 10 men suffer from the condition. Moreover, the incidence and prevalence of BPH are expected to increase as the average age of the population in developed countries increases.
The prostate gland enlarges throughout a man's life. In some men, the prostatic capsule around the prostate gland may prevent the prostate gland from enlarging further. This causes the inner region of the prostate gland to squeeze the urethra. This pressure on the urethra increases resistance to urine flow through the region of the urethra enclosed by the prostate. Thus the urinary bladder has to exert more pressure to force urine through the increased resistance of the urethra. Chronic over-exertion causes the muscular walls of the urinary bladder to remodel and become stiffer. This combination of increased urethral resistance to urine flow and stiffness and hypertrophy of urinary bladder walls leads to a variety of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that may severely reduce the patient's quality of life. These symptoms include weak or intermittent urine flow while urinating, straining when urinating, hesitation before urine flow starts, feeling that the bladder has not emptied completely even after urination, dribbling at the end of urination or leakage afterward, increased frequency of urination particularly at night, urgent need to urinate etc.
In addition to patients with BPH, LUTS may also be present in patients with prostate cancer, prostate infections, and chronic use of certain medications (e.g. ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine etc.) that cause urinary retention especially in men with prostate enlargement.
Although BPH is rarely life threatening, it can lead to numerous clinical conditions including urinary retention, renal insufficiency, recurrent urinary tract infection, incontinence, hematuria, and bladder stones.
In developed countries, a large percentage of the patient population undergoes treatment for BPH symptoms. It has been estimated that by the age of 80 years, approximately 25% of the male population of the United States will have undergone some form of BPH treatment. At present, the available treatment options for BPH include watchful waiting, medications (phytotherapy and prescription medications), surgery and minimally invasive procedures.
For patients who choose the watchful waiting option, no immediate treatment is provided to the patient, but the patient undergoes regular exams to monitor progression of the disease. This is usually done on patients that have minimal symptoms that are not especially bothersome.
Medications for treating BPH symptoms include phytotherapy and prescription medications. In phytotherapy, plant products such as Saw Palmetto, African Pygeum, Serenoa Repens (sago palm) and South African star grass are administered to the patient. Prescription medications are prescribed as first line therapy in patients with symptoms that are interfering with their daily activities. Two main classes of prescription medications are alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors blockers block that activity of alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors that are responsible for causing constriction of smooth muscle cells in the prostate. Thus, blocking the activity of alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors causes prostatic smooth muscle relaxation. This in turn reduces urethral resistance thereby reducing the severity of the symptoms. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Dihydrotestosterone causes growth of epithelial cells in the prostate gland. Thus 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors cause regression of epithelial cells in the prostate gland and hence reduce the volume of the prostate gland which in turn reduces the severity of the symptoms.
Surgical procedures for treating BPH symptoms include Transurethal Resection of Prostate (TURP), Transurethral Electrovaporization of Prostate (TVP), Transurethral Incision of the Prostate (TUIP), Laser Prostatectomy and Open Prostatectomy.
Transurethal Resection of Prostate (TURP) is the most commonly practiced surgical procedure implemented for the treatment of BPH. In this procedure, prostatic urethral obstruction is reduced by removing most of the prostatic urethra and a sizeable volume of the surrounding prostate gland. This is carried out under general or spinal anesthesia. In this procedure, a urologist visualizes the urethra by inserting a resectoscope, that houses an optical lens in communication with a video camera, into the urethra such that the distal region of the resectoscope is in the region of the urethra surrounded by the prostate gland. The distal region of the resectoscope consists of an electric cutting loop that can cut prostatic tissue when an electric current is applied to the device. An electric return pad is placed on the patient to close the cutting circuit. The electric cutting loop is used to scrape away tissue from the inside of the prostate gland. The tissue that is scraped away is flushed out of the urinary system using an irrigation fluid. Using a coagulation energy setting, the loop is also used to cauterize transected vessels during the operation.
Another example of a surgical procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Transurethral Electrovaporization of the Prostate (TVP). In this procedure, a part of prostatic tissue squeezing the urethra is desiccated or vaporized. This is carried out under general or spinal anesthesia. In this procedure, a resectoscope is inserted transurethrally such that the distal region of the resectoscope is in the region of the urethra surrounded by the prostate gland. The distal region of the resectoscope consists of a rollerball or a grooved roller electrode. A controlled amount of electric current is passed through the electrode. The surrounding tissue is rapidly heated up and vaporized to create a vaporized space. Thus the region of urethra that is blocked by the surrounding prostate gland is opened up.
Another example of a surgical procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Transurethral Incision of the Prostate (TUIP). In this procedure, the resistance to urine flow is reduced by making one or more incisions in the prostate gland in the region where the urethra meets the urinary bladder. This procedure is performed under general or spinal anesthesia. In this procedure, one or more incisions are made in the muscle of the bladder neck, which is the region where the urethra meets the urinary bladder. The incisions are in most cases are deep enough to cut the surrounding prostate gland tissue including the prostatic capsule. This releases any compression on the bladder neck and causes the bladder neck to spring apart. The incisions can be made using a resectoscope, laser beam etc.
Another example of a surgical procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Laser Prostatectomy. Two common techniques used for Laser Prostatectomy are Visual Laser Ablation of the Prostate (VLAP) and the Holmium Laser Resection/Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP). In VLAP, a neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser is used to ablate tissue by causing coagulation necrosis. The procedure is performed under visual guidance. In HoLEP, a holmium: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser is used for direct contact ablation of tissue. Both these techniques are used to remove tissue obstructing the urethral passage to reduce the severity of BPH symptoms.
Another example of a surgical procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate (PVP). In this procedure, laser energy is used to vaporize prostatic tissue to relieve obstruction to urine flow in the urethra. The type of laser used is the Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate (KTP) laser. The wavelength of this laser is highly absorbed by oxyhemoglobin. This laser vaporizes cellular water and hence is used to remove tissue that is obstructing the urethra.
Another example of a surgical procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Open Prostatectomy. In this procedure, the prostate gland is surgically removed by an open surgery. This is done under general anesthesia. The prostate gland is removed through an incision in the lower abdomen or the perineum. The procedure is used mostly in patients that have a large (greater than approximately 100 grams) prostate gland.
Minimally invasive procedures for treating BPH symptoms include Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy (TUMT), Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA), Interstitial Laser Coagulation (ILC), and Prostatic Stents.
In Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy (TUMT), microwave energy is used to generate heat that destroys hyperplastic prostate tissue. This procedure is performed under local anesthesia. In this procedure, a microwave antenna is inserted in the urethra. A rectal thermosensing unit is inserted into the rectum to measure rectal temperature. Rectal temperature measurements are used to prevent overheating of the anatomical region. The microwave antenna is then used to deliver microwaves to lateral lobes of the prostate gland. The microwaves are absorbed as they pass through prostate tissue. This generates heat which in turn destroys the prostate tissue. The destruction of prostate tissue reduces the degree of squeezing of the urethra by the prostate gland thus reducing the severity of BPH symptoms.
Another example of a minimally invasive procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA). In this procedure, heat induced coagulation necrosis of prostate tissue regions causes the prostate gland to shrink. It is performed using local anesthetic and intravenous or oral sedation. In this procedure, a delivery catheter is inserted into the urethra. The delivery catheter comprises two radiofrequency needles that emerge at an angle of 90 degrees from the delivery catheter. The two radiofrequency needles are aligned at an angle of 40 degrees to each other so that they penetrate the lateral lobes of the prostate. A radiofrequency current is delivered through the radiofrequency needles to heat the tissue of the lateral lobes to 70-100 degree Celsius at a radiofrequency power of approximately 456 KHz for approximately 4 minutes per lesion. This creates coagulation defects in the lateral lobes. The coagulation defects cause shrinkage of prostatic tissue which in turn reduces the degree of squeezing of the urethra by the prostate gland thus reducing the severity of BPH symptoms.
Another example of a minimally invasive procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Interstitial Laser Coagulation (ILC). In this procedure, laser induced necrosis of prostate tissue regions causes the prostate gland to shrink. It is performed using regional anesthesia, spinal or epidural anesthesia or local anesthesia (periprostatic block). In this procedure, a cystoscope sheath is inserted into the urethra and the region of the urethra surrounded by the prostate gland is inspected. A laser fiber is inserted into the urethra. The laser fiber has a sharp distal tip to facilitate the penetration of the laser scope into prostatic tissue. The distal tip of the laser fiber has a distal-diffusing region that distributes laser energy 360° along the terminal 3 mm of the laser fiber. The distal tip is inserted into the middle lobe of the prostate gland and laser energy is delivered through the distal tip for a desired time. This heats the middle lobe and causes laser induced necrosis of the tissue around the distal tip. Thereafter, the distal tip is withdrawn from the middle lobe. The same procedure of inserting the distal tip into a lobe and delivering laser energy is repeated with the lateral lobes. This causes tissue necrosis in several regions of the prostate gland which in turn causes the prostate gland to shrink. Shrinkage of the prostate gland reduces the degree of squeezing of the urethra by the prostate thus reducing the severity of BPH symptoms.
Another example of a minimally invasive procedure for treating BPH symptoms is implanting Prostatic Stents. In this procedure, the region of urethra surrounded by the prostate is mechanically supported to reduce the constriction caused by an enlarged prostate. Prostatic stents are flexible devices that are expanded after their insertion in the urethra. They mechanically support the urethra by pushing the obstructing prostatic tissue away from the urethra. This reduces the constriction of the urethra and improves urine flow past the prostate gland thereby reducing the severity of BPH symptoms.
Although existing treatments provide some relief to the patient from symptoms of BPH, they have disadvantages. Alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors blockers have side effects such as dizziness, postural hypotension, lightheadedness, asthenia and nasal stuffiness. Retrograde ejaculation can also occur. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors have minimal side effects, but only a modest effect on BPH symptoms and the flow rate of urine. In addition, anti-androgens, such as 5-alpha-reductase, require months of therapy before LUTS improvements are observed. Surgical treatments of BPH carry a risk of complications including erectile dysfunction; retrograde ejaculation; urinary incontinence; complications related to anesthesia; damage to the penis or urethra, need for a repeat surgery etc. Even TURP, which is the gold standard in treatment of BPH, carries a high risk of complications. Adverse events associated with this procedure are reported to include retrograde ejaculation (65% of patients), post-operative irritation (15%), erectile dysfunction (10%), need for transfusion (8%), bladder neck constriction (7%), infection (6%), significant hematuria (6%), acute urinary retention (5%), need for secondary procedure (5%), and incontinence (3%) Typical recovery from TURP involves several days of inpatient hospital treatment with an indwelling urethral catheter, followed by several weeks in which obstructive symptoms are relieved but there is pain or discomfort during micturition.
The reduction in the symptom score after minimally invasive procedures is not as large as the reduction in symptom score after TURP. Up to 25% of patients who receive these minimally invasive procedures ultimately undergo a TURP within 2 years. The improvement in the symptom score generally does not occur immediately after the procedure. For example, it takes an average of one month for a patient to notice improvement in symptoms after TUMT and 1.5 months to notice improvement after ILC. In fact, symptoms are typically worse for these therapies that heat or cook tissue, because of the swelling and necrosis that occurs in the initial weeks following the procedures. Prostatic stents often offer more immediate relief from obstruction but are now rarely used because of high adverse effect rates. Stents have the risk of migration from the original implant site (up to 12.5% of patients), encrustation (up to 27.5%), incontinence (up to 3%), and recurrent pain and discomfort. In published studies, these adverse effects necessitated 8% to 47% of stents to be explanted. Overgrowth of tissue through the stent and complex stent geometries have made their removal quite difficult and invasive.
Thus the most effective current methods of treating BPH carry a high risk of adverse effects. These methods and devices either require general or spinal anesthesia or have potential adverse effects that dictate that the procedures be performed in a surgical operating room, followed by a hospital stay for the patient. The methods of treating BPH that carry a lower risk of adverse effects are also associated with a lower reduction in the symptom score. While several of these procedures can be conducted with local analgesia in an office setting, the patient does not experience immediate relief and in fact often experiences worse symptoms for weeks after the procedure until the body begins to heal. Additionally all device approaches require a urethral catheter placed in the bladder, in some cases for weeks. In some cases catheterization is indicated because the therapy actually causes obstruction during a period of time post operatively, and in other cases it is indicated because of post-operative bleeding and potentially occlusive clot formation. While drug therapies are easy to administer, the results are suboptimal, take significant time to take effect, and often entail undesired side effects.
Urinary Incontinence (UI)
Many women experience loss of bladder control following childbirth or in old age. This condition is broadly referred to as urinary incontinence (UI). The severity of UI varies and, in severe cases, the disorder can be totally debilitating, keeping the patient largely homebound. It is usually associated with a cystocele, which results from sagging of the neck of the urinary bladder into or even outside the vagina
The treatments for UI include behavioral therapy, muscle strengthening exercises (e.g., Kegel exercises), drug therapy, electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerves, use of intravaginal devices and surgery.
In severe cases of UI, surgery is generally the best treatment option. In general, the surgical procedures used to treat UI attempt to lift and support the bladder so that the bladder and urethra are returned to their normal positions within the pelvic cavity. The two most common ways of performing these surgeries is through incisions formed in the abdominal wall or though the wall of the vagina.
A number of different surgical procedures have been used to treat UI. The names for these procedures include the Birch Procedure, Marshall-Marchetti Operation, MMK, Pubo-Vaginal Sling, Trans-Vaginal Tape Procedure, Urethral Suspension, Vesicourethral Suspension. These procedures generally fall into two categories, namely a) retropubic suspension procedures and b) sling procedures.
In retropubic suspension procedures, an incision is typically made in the abdominal wall a few inches below the navel and a network of connectors are placed to support the bladder neck. The connectors are anchored to the pubic bone and to other structures within the pelvis, essentially forming a cradle which supports the urinary bladder.
In sling procedures, an incision is typically made in the wall of the vagina and a sling is crafted of either natural tissue or synthetic (man-made) material to support the bladder neck. Both ends of the sling may be attached to the pubic bone or tied in front of the abdomen just above the pubic bone. In some sling procedures a synthetic tape is used to form the sling and the ends of the synthetic tape are not tied but rather pulled up above the pubic bone.
The surgeries used to treat UI are generally associated with significant discomfort as the incisions heal and may require a Foley or supra-pubic urinary catheter to remain in place for at least several days following the surgery. Thus, there exists a need in the art for the development of minimally invasive (e.g., non-incisional) procedures for the treatment of UI with less postoperative discomfort and less requirement for post-surgical urinary catheterization.
Cosmetic or Reconstructive Tissue Lifting and Repositioning
Many cosmetic or reconstructive surgical procedures involve lifting, compressing or repositioning of natural tissue, natural tissue or artificial grafts or aberrant tissue. For example, surgical procedures such as face lifts, brow lifts, neck lifts, tummy tucks, etc. have become commonplace. In many cases, these procedures are performed by creating incisions through the skin, dissecting to a plane beneath muscles and fascia, freeing the muscles, fascia and overlying skin from underlying structures (e.g., bone or other muscles), lifting or repositioning the freed muscles, fascia and overlying skin and then attaching the repositioned tissues to underlying or nearby structures (e.g., bone, periostium, other muscles) to hold the repositioned tissues in their new (e.g., lifted) position. In some cases excess skin may also be removed during the procedure.
There have been attempts to develop minimally invasive devices and methods for cosmetic lifting and repositioning of tissues. For example, connector suspension lifts have been developed where one end of a standard or modified connector thread is attached to muscle and the other end is anchored to bone, periostium or another structure to lift and reposition the tissues as desired. Some of these connector suspension techniques have been performed through cannulas or needles inserted though relatively small incisions of puncture wounds.
For example, barbed threads known as Aptos threads may be inserted through a hollow trocar and used to lift tissues of the face in a procedure that is performed commercially under the name Featherlift™ (KMI, Inc. 2550 West Rowland Anaheim, Calif. 92804).
Another barbed thread that is useable for minimally invasive cosmetic lifting procedures is marketed under the name Contour Threads™ (Surgical Specialties Corporation, 100 Dennis Drive Reading, Pa. 19606).
There remains a need for the development of new devices and methods that may be used for various procedures where it is desired to lift, compress, support or reposition tissues or organs within the body with less intraoperative trauma, less post-operative discomfort and/or shorter recovery times. Moreover, there is an opportunity to take advantage of aspects of anatomy and to employ structures configured to cooperate with such anatomy. In this way, an interventional site within a patient's body can be more easily accessed as well as heal more easily and completely and the body can more readily return to normal operation. Furthermore, there is a distinct need for an integrated system for accomplishing various steps involved in both implanting and assembling devices at interventional sites.
The present invention addresses these and other needs.
Briefly and in general terms, the present invention is directed towards an apparatus and method for deploying an anchor assembly within a patient's body. In a particular aspect, the present invention is directed towards various embodiments of integrated anchor delivery devices. In one aspect, the delivery devices accomplish the delivery of a first or distal anchor assembly component at a first location within a patient's body and the delivery of a second or proximal anchor assembly component at a second location within the patient. The devices also accomplish imparting a tension during delivery and a tension between implanted anchor components as well as cutting the anchor assembly to a desired length and assembling the proximal anchor in situ. The procedure can be viewed employing a scope incorporated into the device.
The present invention also contemplates a reversible procedure as well as an anchor assembly with sufficient visibility when viewed ultrasonically. In one aspect, the implant procedure is reversible by severing a connector of an anchor assembly and removing an anchor of the anchor assembly such as by so removing a proximally placed anchor previously implanted in an urethra. Moreover, the anchor assemblies can be formed of structures facilitating ultrasound viewing.
The anchor assembly can be configured to accomplish retracting, lifting, compressing, supporting or repositioning tissue within the body of a human or animal subject. Moreover, the apparatus configured to deploy the anchor assembly as well as the anchor assembly itself are configured to complement and cooperate with body anatomy. Further, the anchor assembly may be coated or imbedded with therapeutic or diagnostic substances or such substances can be introduced into or near an interventional site by the anchor deployment device or other structure.
In another aspect, structure of the anchor assembly is designed to invaginate within or complement tissue anatomy to thereby facilitate healing and minimize infection risk. Moreover, the anchor delivery device includes structure to form desired angles between an extended position of the needle assembly relative to the device. Additionally, it is contemplated that a distal end portion of the anchor delivery device be configured to facilitate the testing of the effectiveness of positioning of an anchor assembly. In this regard, the distal end portion is configured in a manner to mimic the effect a second anchor member will have prior to its implantation.
In one embodiment, the anchor delivery device includes a handle assembly with a plurality of actuators or triggers attached thereto. A first actuator is associated with a body of the handle assembly and is operatively attached to the needle assembly and structure that advances the first anchor member. A second actuator attached to the handle assembly is operatively associated with structure that accomplishes assembling first and second parts of the second anchor member to each other and to the connector member. Also, the handle assembly is equipped with a third actuator that is configured in one contemplated embodiment, to effect the cutting of the anchor assembly to a desired length and deployment of the structure at an interventional site.
In a specific embodiment, the anchor delivery device includes a generally elongate tubular housing assembly member extending distally from a handle assembly including a plurality of actuators. The proximal end of the handle assembly is equipped with mounting structure configured to receive a telescope or other endoscopic viewing instrument. A bore sized to receive the telescope extends distally through a body of the handle assembly and continues through an outer tubular cover member forming the generally elongate member. Housed within the tubular housing assembly are a telescope tube having an interior defining a distal section of the bore sized to receive the telescope, an upper tubular member assembly sized to receive a plurality of first components of the second anchor member and a needle housing configured to receive the needle assembly. Moreover, the generally elongate tubular housing includes a terminal end portion defined by a nose assembly which retains a plurality of second components of the second anchor members.
Moreover, in a preferred embodiment the first anchor member includes a body having a generally tubular portion from which a first partial cylinder portion extends proximally. Attached to a midpoint of the body is a spring in the form of a second partial cylinder portion that is complementary to the first partial cylinder portion. Extending from the opposite end of the spring is a generally tubular collar. In a compressed configuration, the first anchor member defines a generally straight member and when unconstrained, the first anchor member forms generally a T-structure with the body defining the cross-member of the T-structure.
Further, in the preferred embodiment, the first part of the second anchor member is embodied in a pin having a first distal end equipped with a pair of spaced arms and a second proximal end including grooves facilitating pushability. The arms of the first distal end are designed to receive the connector structure and to be placed into locking engagement with the second part of the second anchor member. The second part has a generally tubular configuration and an internal bore sized to receive the first component.
The present invention also contemplates a number of alternative designs for the first and second anchor members and connectors as well as structures for advancing and deploying the anchor members and cutting the connector. Additionally, it is contemplated that various embodiments can incorporate one or more sensors into the deployment device to facilitate proper positioning of the device and anchor deployment.
Moreover, various alternative methods of use are also contemplated. That is, in some applications of the invention, the invention may be used to facilitate volitional or non-volitional flow of a body fluid through a body lumen, modify the size or shape of a body lumen or cavity, treat prostate enlargement, treat urinary incontinence, support or maintain positioning of a tissue, organ or graft, perform a cosmetic lifting or repositioning procedure, form anastomotic connections, and/or treat various other disorders where a natural or pathologic tissue or organ is pressing on or interfering with an adjacent anatomical structure. Also, the invention has a myriad of other potential surgical, therapeutic, cosmetic or reconstructive applications, such as where a tissue, organ, graft or other material requires retracting, lifting, repositioning, compression or support.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
FIG. 9AA is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member;
FIG. 9AB is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member;
FIG. 9AC is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment of FIG. 9AC in a compressed form;
FIG. 9AD is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member;
FIG. 9AE is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment of FIG. 9AD in a compressed form;
FIG. 9AF is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member;
FIG. 9AG is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member;
FIG. 9AH is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment of FIG. 9AG in an open configuration;
FIG. 9AI is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member in combination with a forming anvil;
FIG. 9AJ is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member in combination with a forming anvil;
FIG. 9AK is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member;
FIG. 9AL is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member;
FIG. 9AM is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment of FIG. 9AL in an open configuration;
FIG. 9AN is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member shown in its flattened configuration;
FIG. 9AO is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchor member shown in its flattened configuration;
Turning now to the figures, which are provided by way of example and not limitation, the present invention is embodied in a device configured to deliver anchor assemblies within a patient's body. As stated, the present invention can be employed for various medical purposes including but not limited to retracting, lifting, compressing, supporting or repositioning tissues, organs, anatomical structures, grafts or other material found within a patient's body. Such tissue manipulation is intended to facilitate the treatment of diseases or disorders. Moreover, the disclosed invention has applications in cosmetic or reconstruction purposes or in areas relating the development or research of medical treatments.
In one particular aspect, the anchor assembly of the present invention is contemplated to be formed of a structure which is visible by ultrasound. Accordingly, the anchor assembly can be viewed during ultrasonic body scans such as during normal trans-rectal ultrasound when a medical professional is conducting diagnoses or treatment associated with conditions like prostate cancer.
In such applications, one portion of an anchor assembly is positioned and implanted against a first section of anatomy. A second portion of the anchor assembly is then positioned and implanted adjacent a second section of anatomy for the purpose of retracting, lifting, compressing, supporting or repositioning the second section of anatomy with respect to the first section of anatomy. It is also to be recognized that both a first and second portion of the anchor assembly can be configured to accomplish the desired retracting, lifting, compressing, supporting or repositioning of anatomy due to tension supplied thereto via a connector assembly affixed to the first and second portions of the anchor assembly.
Referring now to
The integrated anchor delivery device 20 includes a handle assembly 22 and a tubular housing assembly 24 extending from the handle assembly 22. The handle assembly 22 is sized and shaped to fit comfortably within an operator's hand and can be formed from conventional materials.
The proximal end of the delivery device 20 includes a mount 26 for receiving an endoscope or telescope 28 or other imaging device. The mount 26 includes an internal bore (not shown) sized and shaped to receive the telescope 28. As indicated, the telescope 28 is intended to provide the operator with the ability to view the operation of the delivery device 20 at an interventional site.
The handle assembly 22 of the delivery device 20 also includes a plurality of activators or triggers associated with the handle assembly 22. The body 30 includes a first or upper portion 32 extending generally perpendicularly with respect to a second or lower portion 34. The second portion is intended to be sized and shaped to fit within the palm of an operator's hand. Pivotably affixed to the second portion 34 is a first actuator 36. Although it can come in a myriad of forms, the first actuator 36 includes a hooped portion sized and shaped to receive one or more fingers of the operator's hand. The hooped portion extends from an arm which is pivotably connected to the handle 22, the arm and hooped portion defining an acute angle with respect to the second portion 34 of the handle assembly 22 when inactivated. As will be described in more detail below, the first actuator 36 is operatively associated with a needle assembly and structure configured to advance and place a first component of an anchor assembly at an interventional site.
A second trigger or actuator 38 is pivotably connected adjacent the first body portion 32. Although it can come in a myriad of forms, the second actuator 38 defines a generally finger-like projection and is positioned longitudinally distally from the body 30 with respect to the first actuator 36. The second actuator 38 also defines an acute angle respecting the second portion 34 of the handle assembly 22 and is sized and shaped to comfortably receive one or more fingers of the operator. Upon actuation, the second actuator 38 is configured to accomplish the assembly of an anchor device by attaching a second anchor component to a connector affixed to the first anchor component.
A third trigger or actuator 40 is connected and configured to pivotably rotate with respect to a top side of upper body portion 30. Although it can come in a myriad of forms, in one embodiment, the third actuator 40 defines a relatively straight member with a rounded substructure formed at its free terminal end. In this way, the third actuator 40 is easily manipulated by a free digit of the operator's hand. The third actuator 40 rotates from a forward position where it forms an acute angle with the tubular housing assembly 24 to a rearward position where the member defines an obtuse angle with respect to the tubular housing assembly 24. In one embodiment, the third actuator 40 is intended to retract portions of the tubular housing assembly 24 as well as accomplish cutting the connector of the anchor assembly and deploying the anchor assembly at an interventional site.
As stated, the tubular housing assembly 24 extends from the handle assembly 22. In one aspect, the tubular housing assembly 24 is mounted to a front face of the upper portion 32 of the handle assembly 22 and extends parallel to a longitudinal axis of the upper portion 32. At its proximal end, the tubular housing assembly 24 includes a mount 42 from which an outer sheath 44 extends in a distal direction. The mount 42 includes one or more conventional stop cock assemblies 46 which provide fluid communication with an interior of the tubular housing assembly. One stop cock assembly 46 is intended to provide the anchor delivery device 20 with a continuous flow irrigation. Another stop cock 46 is contemplated to be used to accomplish a suction function through the device. Either of these assemblies can further be employed to deliver therapeutic or diagnostic substances to the interventional site. For example, in a procedure to treat a prostate gland, substances that cause the prostate to decrease in size such as 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors can be introduced at the treatment site. Other substances but not limited thereto, which may be introduced at the site include various scarring agents, rapamycin and its analogues and derivatives, paclitaxel and its analogues and derivatives, phytochemicals, alpha-1a-adrenergic receptor blocking agents, smooth muscle relaxants and other agents that inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
A terminal end portion 48 of the tubular housing assembly 24 of the anchor deployment device 20 includes a nose assembly 50 shaped to provide an atraumatic surface as well as one which facilitates desired positioning of components of an anchor assembly (See
Once implanted, the anchor assembly 51 (See
Furthermore, in addition to an intention to cooperate with natural tissue anatomy, the present invention also contemplates approaches to accelerate healing or induce scarring. Manners in which healing can be promoted can include employing abrasive materials, textured connectors, biologics and drugs.
It has been observed that placing the anchors at various desired positions within anatomy can extract the best results. For example, when treating a prostate, one portion of an anchor can be placed within an urethra. It has been found that configuring such anchors so that ten o'clock and two o'clock positions (when looking along the axis of the urethra) are supported or retained, effectively holds the anatomy open and also can facilitate invagination of the anchor portion within natural tissue. This is particularly true in the regions of anatomy near the bladder and the juncture at which the ejaculatory duct connects to the urethra.
Additionally, the terminal end portion 48 (
As can be seen from
Turning now to
The needle assembly advancement and retraction subassembly 66 includes an outer collar 70 configured about an inner collar 72. Configured between the outer collar 70 and an internal front surface 74 of the handle assembly 22 is a first compressor spring 75. Placed within the outer collar 68 and between the inner collar 72 and an internal front surface 76 is a second compression spring 77. Additionally, attached to the outer collar 70 is a lock assembly 78 which rotates between locked and unlocked positions.
While the first actuator is in an open position (See
One preferred embodiment of a first or distal component 82 is shown in
As shown, the first component 82 includes a first portion 84 which at one end defines a cylindrical structure and at the other a partial cylindrical structure. When unconstrained, this first portion 84 forms a T-bar or top of the first component 82. A complementary partial cylindrical structure forms a mid-section or second portion 86 of the first component 82 and operates as a spring to accomplish the flipping of the first portion 84 between constrained and unconstrained configurations. When the component is in its constrained, straight form, the second portion is positioned adjacent the first portion 84. A third portion 88 is also cylindrical in shape and extends from the second portion 86 away from the first portion 84 of the first anchor component 82. The third portion 88 slides freely with respect to a connector, the connector being attached to the first portion 84 and a second anchor component as will be described below.
One part of the second anchor component 52 is best seen in
As shown in
The connector 94 (See
One embodiment of a completely assembled anchor assembly 92 is depicted in
It is also contemplated that the completed anchor assembly is formed from components which are held together magnetically. For example, the first anchor component 82 and the second anchor component 52, 98 can be held in place through magnetism and without the need of a connector. In such an approach, either both or one of the anchor components can be a magnet.
Moreover, as can be seen from
As previously mentioned, a completed anchor assembly 96 can be employed to manipulate tissue and other structure found within a patient's body for various purposes. In order to do so, the first anchor component 82 is initially positioned in an apposition with a first body structure, such as the outer surface of the prostate capsule, and the second anchor component assembly (52, 98) is placed against a second body structure, such as the inner surface of the urethra, the connector 94 holding the desired spacing between the two body structures to accomplish the desired manipulation.
Additionally, it is contemplated that all components of the anchor assembly 96 or selected portions thereof (of any of the anchor assemblies described or contemplated), may be coated or embedded with therapeutic or diagnostic substances (e.g. drugs or therapeutic agents). Again, in the context of treating a prostate gland, the anchor assembly 96 can be coated or imbedded with substances such as 5-alpha-reductase which cause the prostate to decrease in size. Other substances contemplated include but are not limited to phytochemicals generally, alpha-1a-adrenergic receptor blocking agents, smooth muscle relaxants, and agents that inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. In one particular approach, the connector 95 can for example, be coated with a polymer matrix or gel coating which retains the therapeutic or diagnostic substance and facilitates accomplishing the timed release thereof. Additionally, it is contemplated that bacteriostatic coatings can be applied to various portions of the anchor assemblies described herein. Such coatings can have various thicknesses or a specific thickness such that it along with the connector itself matches the profile of a cylindrical portion of an anchor member affixed to the connector. Moreover, the co-delivery of a therapeutic or diagnostic gel or other substances through the implant deployment device or another medical device (i.e. catheter), and moreover an anchor assembly including the same, is contemplated. In one such approach, the deployment device includes a reservoir holding the gel substance and through which an anchor device can be advance to pick up a desired quantity of therapeutic or diagnostic gel substance.
The connector 94 can have associated therewith various structures which facilitate the attachment of anchor structures. Although intended for the first anchor component 82, such structure can also be used for the second anchor component 52, 98. In one approach (
Turning now to
Moreover, each of the various alternative embodiments can be formed from conventional materials. In one aspect, the components can be formed by laser cutting a nitinol tube. However, it is to be recognized that other materials and manufacturing approaches are also contemplated for example EDM of stainless steel.
For example, the connector shown in
With reference now to
In a first step to deliver and deploy an anchor assembly for the purpose of manipulating tissue or other anatomical structures, the telescope device is employed to view the positioning of the device 20 at the interventional site, for example, the tubular housing assembly 24 of the device is inserted into the penis of a patient and advanced until the distal end 48 is adjacent an interventional site in the urethra (UT) adjacent the bladder (UB; See
Notably, the needle assembly 112 has a generally tubular shape and terminates with a sharp point 114. A lumen extending the length of the needle assembly 112 is sized to receive both components of the anchor assembly as well as structure for advancing the assembly through and out of the terminal end 114. Although various materials are contemplated, the needle assembly 112 is intended to be formed from resilient material such as nitinol or other materials or polymeric substances. Moreover, although various angles are contemplated, in one approach the needle housing 58 includes a distal section angled such that the needle projects at angles approaching or at 90 degrees with respect to a longitudinal axis of the tubular housing assembly 24.
Once access is made at an interventional site to target tissue or anatomical structure and the first actuator is manipulated to advance the needle assembly 114 to a desired position, the actuator is further manipulated to release the lock assembly 78 as well as to cause the internal compression springs to retract the needle assembly. Note that the position of the first actuator 36 will return to the open position (See
Contemporaneously with the retraction of the needle assembly 112, is the withdrawal of the structure used to advance the first anchor component 82 and connector structure 94 within the needle housing 58. In one embodiment (See
As shown in
Alternative approaches for advancing anchor components within the anchor delivery device 20 are contemplated. That is, rather than having a pusher assembly which surrounds an anchor component and relies upon engagement with a tail structure of an anchor component or other structure projecting from the connector member, other structure can be employed to provide the ability to push and pull an anchor component. In one such approach (See
The anchor member 82, in turn, can include a proximal portion characterized by a pair of elastically or plastically deformable arms 120 which in a first configuration are held to the pull wire 118 and in a second configuration, are released from the pull wire 118. Accordingly, the pusher member 116 is advanced with respect to the pull wires 118 to cause the arms 120 to become disengaged from the pull wire. In the embodiment shown in
Further alternative embodiments of pusher members 116 are shown in
Also contemplated is a pusher assembly 116 which includes a side opening 122 in communication with a lumen extending through the pusher 116 (See
In yet another approach, as shown in
Various measures can be taken to ensure proper loading of a first anchor member 82 within an anchor delivery device. In a first step, the anchor member 82 is loaded within an anchor protection cover 126 (
The delivery device bay 128 can further include a bayonet lock mount 134 that couples a spring loaded cartridge 136 to the delivery device bay 128. Housed within the cartridge is a compression spring 138 configured about the pusher member 116. The spring cartridge 138 can also include a lock-out structure 140 which operates to limit the tension placed on the anchor member 82 and connector 94 until the needle 112 is withdrawn sufficiently from the interventional site to avoid damage from the needle 112 inadvertently engaging the anchor/connector assembly 82,94. That is, the pusher 116 includes a proximal end configured with an anchor deployment tab 142 that engages the lock-out structure 140, prohibiting the compression spring 138 from applying tension to the anchor/connector assembly 82, 94 before the needle assembly 112 is clear of the interventional site.
In another contemplated variation (
It is further contemplated that in certain embodiments, the anchor delivery device can include the ability to detect forces being applied thereby or other environmental conditions. Although various sections of the device can include such devices, in the depicted structure of
In a next stage of anchor deployment, with reference to
As shown in
It is at this stage that the connector 94 is severed to thereby accomplish the formation of the complete anchor assembly (See
The present invention also contemplates a myriad of alternative embodiments of the proximal or second anchor member. In a majority of the next presented descriptions regarding these embodiments, the second anchor member is comprised of a first part 52 which is placed into a locking engagement with a second part 98. In doing so, the first 52 and second parts 98 are affixed to the connector 94. It is to be recognized that the first and second parts can be formed of any conventional materials such as metals or polymeric materials.
With reference to
In a slightly modified approach (
The approach depicted in
The embodiments depicted in
As shown in
In yet another approach (
The first part 52 can also define a generally tubular member having an oval cross-sectional profile. Such a structure is depicted in
The first part 52 can also be formed form a member having a deformable, enlarged mid-section 184 (See
The second part 98 (See
Turning now to
In a similar approach (See
As shown in
Moreover, the second part 98 can assume a generally tubular structure including a cutting projection 192 (See
In a number of related approaches (See FIGS. 9Y-9AH), the second anchor component can be formed of a single integral locking member 194. Certain of these members 194 are intended to be formed of plastically deformable material so that it can first assume a generally open configuration and then be deformed to define a closed position in a locking arrangement about a connector member. Alternatively, these members 194 can be formed of resilient material and be first held open and then allowed to self-collapse about a connector. In one such locking member (
In FIGS. 9AB-AC, there is shown a plastically deformable locking member 194 that is configured with a collapsible aperture 202. In an undeformed configuration, the aperture 202 is formed by walls defining a generally hour glass shape. Applying a longitudinal compression force to the locking member 194 causes the aperture 202 to collapse about and lock with a portion of a connector 94, the walls deforming inwardly and engaging the connector 94.
The locking member 194 can also be embodied in a device including a mid-section characterized by helically arranged members 204 (See FIGS. 9AD-AE). The opening 202 defined by the helical member 204 is sized to receive a connector member. This device can either be formed of plastically or elastically deformable materials such that collapsing the opening 202 about a connector can be accomplished through the application of a force to the locking member 194 or by removing a compression force from the member.
In still yet other approaches (FIGS. 9AF-9AH), the locking member 194 can be embodied in a member including diverging arms 196 projecting from a cylindrical base 204. One arm includes a boss or raised portion 198 sized to fit within a recess 200. A mid-section of the device further includes a generally circular space 206 defined by semi-circular cutouts formed in the opposing arms 196. This space is sized to lockingly engage a connector when the arms 196 are in a closed configuration. The locking member 194 of FIGS. 9AG-AH also includes this circular space 206 defined by semi-circular cutouts formed in the diverging opposing arms 196 as well as the locking projections 198. However, rather than the cylindrical base 204 of the embodiment of FIG. 9AF, the arms 196 and the locking member 194 extend proximally beyond the circular space 206. This portion of the arms 196 also include a complementary projection 198 and recess 200 arrangement.
In a related approach (See FIG. 9AI), the locking member 194 can be deformed about a connector 94 employing an anvil 210. Such an anvil custom designed for the various approaches can be employed to deform the previous disclosed embodiments of other members. As the locking member 194 is advanced within the anvil, angled surfaces within an interior of the anvil operate to close the arms 196 of the locking member 194. Narrowed portions 212 of the locking member facilitate such closing of the arms about a portion of the connector 94. Once the arms are inserted into an interior cavity 214 of the anvil 210, a cutting blade 216 severs the connector 94 to length as desired.
Turning now to FIGS. 9AJ-K, further embodiments of a second anchor member including a first part 52 and a second part 98 are presented.
In these approaches, the second part 98 includes arms 196 which are biased to an open configuration. Using an anvil 210 housing a first part 52 in the interior cavity 214, the second part 98 is caused to be inserted and held within the first part 52. In a first embodiment (FIG. 9AJ), the arms 196 of the second part 98 are relatively long compared to those of a second embodiment (FIG. 9AK). In both approaches, however, a generally tubular first part 52 retains the arms 196 in a closed position in locking engagement about the connector 94.
Returning to the concept of a second anchor member defining a locking member 194 (See FIGS. 9AL-AM), in still yet another approach the capturing of the connector can be accomplished using a clip-like structure. A pair of arms 196 begin at a proximal end of the device in a spaced arrangement. As the arms extend distally, they cross at mid-point 218 beyond which a distal portion of the arms are adjacently arranged in apposition. One or both arms 196 can include a recess providing a space to allow the arms 196 to cross at the mid-point 218. Applying a force to the proximal, spaced portion of the arms 196 causes the distal portion of the arms 196 to open. When opened, the arms 196 can be configured to receive a connector. A closing force between the distal portion of the arms 196 of the locking member 194 accomplish locking the structure on a connector.
The first part 52 of the second anchor member can also be configured from a flat sheet of material into which a pattern is cut to form various slots and tabs (See FIGS. 9AN-AO). These first parts 52 can be formed of material which is capable of self-forming from the flat configuration into a generally tubular configuration when unconstrained. For example, material such as nitinol which has memory properties can be used to form such structure. A first contemplated flat pattern (See FIG. 9AN) includes a central five sided aperture 222 on either side of which are configured slots 224 cut in from lateral side edges of the structure. In a second pattern (FIG. 9AO), the lateral slots 222 are replaced with cutouts which define tabs 226.
Irrespective of the specific form of the anchor assembly, a next step in the context of prostate treatment involves positioning the proximal anchor assembly 52, for example, within a desired section of the urethra (UT) of the patient (See
Accordingly, the present invention contemplates both pushing directly on anchor portions of an anchor assembly as well as pushing directly upon the connector of the anchor assembly. Moreover, as presented above, the distal or first anchor component is advanced and deployed through a needle assembly and at least one component of the proximal or second anchor component is advanced and deployed through a generally tubular potion of the anchor deployment device. Further, both a single anchor assembly or multiple anchor assemblies can be delivered and deployed at an intervention site by the deployment device. Consequently, in the context of prostate treatment, the present invention accomplishes the compression of both the urethra and prostate gland, the delivering of an implant at the interventional site, applying tension between ends of the implant, and the invagination of the implant within natural tissue. Moreover, drug delivery is both contemplated and described as a further remedy in BPH in treatment.
An alternate embodiment of a distal portion of an anchor delivery device is shown in
In one particular approach (See
With reference to
The integrated anchor 240 can also be cut from a pattern (
One preferred embodiment of the anchor assembly of the present invention is depicted in
The tubular portion 272 of the first anchor component 270 includes a plurality of tabs 276 which can be deformed or deflected to accomplish affixing the component 270 to a connector assembly 278 (See
It is contemplated that the first anchor component 270 can be laser cut from a tube formed of nitinol or other appropriate material. A mid-section 280 of the component 270 provides a structural transition from the tubular portion 272 to the tail portion 274. As such, a portion of a side wall is removed in the mid-section area 280. A further portion of the side wall is removed to define a connecting section 282 of the tail 274 which extends from the mid-section 280. This connector section 282 acts as a spring to accomplish the relative unconstrained angle assumed between the tail 274 and tubular portion 272. A terminal end portion 283 of the tail 274 embodies structure having a surface area which is larger than that of the connector section 282 to thereby provide a substantial platform for engaging tissue at a target site.
As shown in
The first part 286 of the second anchor component 284 includes an internal bore 290 sized to receive a portion of the second part 288 of the second anchor component 284 in a locking engagement. An external surface of the first part 286 is sized and shaped to include a proximal collar 291 spaced from a mid-section 292, each of which have generally cylindrical profiles. A smaller diameter, outer cylindrical portion 293 is configured between the proximal collar 291 and mid-section 292 of the component and a distal cylindrical portion 294 having yet a smaller cylindrical profile defines a distal end thereof.
The second part 288 of the second anchor component 284 includes a solid generally cylindrical back end 295, extending from which are a pair of spaced prongs 296. Terminal ends of the prongs 296 can be tapered to both facilitate the insertion of the prongs 296 within the internal bore 290 of the first part 286 as well as to receive a section of the connector assembly 278. Notably, the prong structure commences at a narrowed slot 297 which steps outwardly to a wider dimension to thereby define the space between the prongs 296. This narrow slot 297 provides the second part 288 with desired structural rigidity to receive the connector assembly 278 and to facilitate lockingly engaging the connection between the first 286 and second 288 parts.
Thus, in its pre-implanted form, the anchor assembly can include one anchor member (e.g., first anchor) whose initial engagement with a connector is generally coaxial and another anchor member (e.g., second anchor) with an initial engagement being generally perpendicular with the connector.
Turning now to
As depicted in
In
With specific reference to
The top mount lever 310 further includes a looped mid-section portion 320 sized to receive fingers of an operator's hand. By way of its pivot-point mounting and engagement between the arcuate extension 314 and small gear 316, as the lever 310 is pulled proximally, the small gear 316 is caused to rotate about its dowel pin mount.
The first, small gear 316 forms part of the connector/needle advance gear assembly which further includes a larger gear 322, to which the first, small gear 316 is affixed. Accordingly, as the top mount lever 310 is depressed, both small and large gears 316, 322 rotate. As seen in
The connector carrier rack 324 includes a lower end portion 326 which is connected to a needle return spring assembly 328. The connector carrier 324 rack is permanently connected to the connector carrier block 336. The connector carrier block 336 is also operatively and releasably connected to both a needle assembly 330 and connector assembly 332 which is threaded through the needle assembly 330. Various of the previously described embodiments of connector assemblies (See for example
The connector assembly 332 is releasably connected within the handle assembly 302 to a connector carrier block 336, which is itself attached to the connector carrier rack 324. A releasable connection between the connector block 336 and connector assembly 332 is accomplished by way of a spring biased suture clamp (not shown) carried by the block 336. Also forming part of a connector advancement assembly is a connector carrier 338 which can include a hypotube for receiving the connector 332. A proximal end of the connector assembly 332 is looped about a connector tension and return spring assembly 340. The connector tension and return spring assembly 340 can include various components such as negator spring assemblies 342 and a C-shaped bar arm 344 which provide desired tension on the connector assembly 332. In one aspect, one pound of tension force can be provided by the spring assembly 340; however, as little as a half pound and as much as five pounds of tension are contemplated.
From its proximal end, the connector assembly 332 extends downwardly through the handle assembly 302 about a pulley 346 (See
Further, the needle assembly 330 includes a proximal end portion attached to a needle rack 350. The needle rack 350 releasably engages the connector carrier rack 324 so that during a first part of the depression of the trigger 310, both the connector assembly 332 and the needle assembly 330 are caused to advance distally. During the final stages of trigger 310 depression, the needle rack 350 disengages from the connector rack 324, thereby allowing the relative movement of the connector assembly 332 with respect to the needle assembly 330. In this way, the anchor structure (See for example,
In order to accomplish such action, the handle assembly 302 is equipped with a needle stop assembly 360 including a release tab 362 which constrain connector carrier block 336 thereby rigidly connecting the connector carrier block 336 to the needle rack 350. As the connector carrier rack 324 is moved vertically upward the connector carrier block 336 moves out of contact with the release tab 362 thereby permitting the connector carrier block 336 to uncouple from the needle rack 350. After the connector carrier block 336 is out of contact with the release tab 362 the needle rack 350 collides with the needle stop assembly 360 thereby causing the connector carrier block 336 to uncouple from the needle rack 350. Thus the disengagement of the needle rack 350 from the connector carrier rack 324 allows the connector assembly 332 to be advanced while the advancement of the needle assembly 330 is ceased. The depth of deployment of the needle assembly 330 can be adjusted by altering the vertical position of needle stop assembly 360. This may be accomplished with a spring-loaded sliding switch that connects the needle stop assembly 360 and the handle casing 306 (not shown).
As the connector carrier rack 324 moves vertically upward it repeatedly engages the needle advancement ratchet 366 which is maintained in a fixed position relative to the handle casing 306. The needle advancement ratchet contains a ratchet component and a spring element (not shown) that permits only upward vertical movement of the connector carrier rack 324 when the spring element is in a first position. As the top mount lever 310 is progressively depressed, it comes in close proximity with and then engages a junction connecting a pair of toggle links 368. The toggle links 368 each include a first end pivotally connected to the other toggle link. A second end of an upper toggle link is pivotally connected to an upper end of the connector carrier rack 324. A second end of a lower toggle link is operatively associated with the needle advancement ratchet 366. As the top mount lever 310 engages the pivot connector between toggle links 368, the spring element and the ratchet component of the needle advancement ratchet 366 are moved into a second position that permits downward vertical movement of the connector carrier rack 324 thereby allowing subsequent retraction of the needle assembly 330 by the needle return spring assembly 328.
Once a distal portion of the connector assembly 332 is ejected from a terminal end of the needle assembly 330 and placed as desired within a patient's body, the trigger 320 can be manipulated to permit a re-engagement between the needle rack 350 and connector carrier rack 324. The needle return spring assembly 328 can then act to retract the needle assembly 330 back within the anchor delivery device 300. During this procedure, the negator spring assembly 340 continues to provide a desired tension on the connector assembly 332. Moreover, during this particular juncture, the connector assembly 332 can be disengaged from the connector block 336 until the block returns to a default position.
Proper placement of the distal end of the connector assembly 332, as well as all steps involving the anchor delivery device 300, can be observed and ensured by a scope assembly 370. The scope assembly 370 extends from a upper back end of the handle assembly 302 and distally within a tube assembly 372 extending along structure defining the elongate barrel assembly 304.
With the distal end of the connector assembly 332 placed at a desired interventional site and the needle withdrawn within the anchor delivery system 300, the operator selects a site for delivering and implanting a proximal end of the anchor assembly. After positioning a terminal end of the elongate barrel 304 at the selected location, the operator actuates structure to first engage a proximal end portion of the connector assembly 332 extending from the anchor delivery device 300 with a proximal anchor assembly and then severs the connector assembly 332 to a desired length. The multitude of various alternatives of proximal anchor structures are depicted in
Accordingly, with reference to
Subsequent to the depression of the second trigger and the locking of a proximal anchor component (not shown) onto the connector assembly 332 to form a completed anchor assembly, the connector assembly 332 must be cut to length. First, the second trigger is released allowing the pusher rack 386 to return to its home position. Next, structure is activated to advance the outer tube to sever the connector assembly 332.
To accomplish the cutting of the connector assembly 332, the linear integrated anchor delivery device 300 is provided with the outer tube assembly 308. This outer tube assembly 308 can be translated longitudinally in directions to and away from the handle assembly 302 by activating a front lever 390. The front lever 390 extends from a top of the handle assembly 302 and pivots front and back along a surface thereof.
Moreover, the front lever 390 is connected to an outer tube rack assembly 392 which includes an outer tube safety lever system 394. A lever lock assembly 398 is also provided as well as a cam plate 402.
Thus, once unlocked, pivoting front lever 390 rearward advances the outer cover. Such action accomplishes the severing of the connector assembly 332 to a desired length by a shearing action of a sharp integrated element of the outer cover (1086
With reference now to
Turning now to
Accordingly, the integrated anchor delivery device 500 includes a distal anchor trigger 506 including a top end rotatably mounted within the handle assembly 502 and a lower end equipped with an arcuate ring gear section 508 including teeth. The ring gear section 508 is configured to engage a rotatably mounted gear assembly. More particularly, the gear section 508 is positioned to engage a small gear 510 of the gear assembly. The small gear 520 is positioned adjacent a large gear 512 of the gear assembly and the small and large gears rotate in unison about a center mount.
Moreover, a cam follower 514 is mounted within the handle assembly 502 and placed in apposition with the arcuate ring gear section 508. Thus, the cam follower 514 supports the engagement between the ring gear section 508 and large gear 512. Further, attached to a mid-section of the trigger 506 is a bar arm 518 (See also
The large gear 512 of the gear assembly is adapted and configured to cooperate with a vertically arranged rack 520. The rack 520 includes a lower end including a slot to fixedly engage a needle retraction spring assembly 522. The needle retraction spring assembly 522 includes a pair of springs, each of which are placed into engagement with the rack 520. The rack 520 also includes an upper end portion which is configured to cooperate with a depth stop assembly (described below).
Additionally, the rack 520 is attached to a connector assembly carrier block 524 (See also
The needle rack 530 includes a lower section which releasably mates with a needle coupling pawl 540.
Further, from its connection with the connector assembly carrier 524, the connector assembly 526 first extends downwardly and then about a pulley or spool 550. The connector assembly 526 exiting an opposite side of the spool 550 extends upwardly and into engagement with a negator spring 552. The negator 552 is in turn connected to a connector assembly tensioning system. The connector assembly tension system includes a spring 554 wrapped around a spring axle 556.
Configured adjacent and fixed to the spring axle 556 is a ratchet gear 558. A pawl 560 including an extension received within a slot 562 formed in the bar arm 518 attached to the trigger 506 is also provided (
It is to be recognized that the connector assembly tensioning systems can be adjusted to provide a desired tension force. In one aspect, this force is set at approximately one pound but as little as a half a pound and as much as five pounds of force is contemplated.
The anchor delivery device 500 further embodies a depth stop assembly. The depth stop assembly includes three main components, namely, a depth stop rail 570, a lower end of which is connected to a depth stop bottom 572 and an upper end of which is connected to a depth stop top 574. Notably, a free end of the depth stop bottom 574 includes a ramped portion 576 sized and shaped to engage the needle coupling pawl 540.
Accordingly, when the distal anchor trigger 506 is depressed (See
Moreover, as the trigger 506 is depressed, the ramped portion 576 of the depth stop bottom 574 engages the upwardly moving needle coupling pawl 540 of the needle rack assembly 530. This engagement results in temporarily disengaging the needle rack 530 from the rack 520 being driven by the large gear 512. In this way, the depth stop assembly controls the distance which the needle is advanced beyond a terminal end 580 of the needle housing 534.
Furthermore, upon the complete activation of the trigger 506, the bar arm 518 slides horizontally inward while the pawl 560 engages teeth of the ratchet gear 558 attached to the spring axle 556 of the connector assembly tension system. As the rack 520 is being translated vertically, the spring axle 556 and ratchet gear 558 rotate and the pawl 560 retains the rotational position of the axle 556 and gear 558. The pawl 560 continues to hold the rotational position of the axle 556 and gear 558 until the trigger 506 is completely depressed at which time the extension of the pawl 560 reaches the end of the slot formed in the bar arm 518 and the pawl disengages from the gear 558. At this point, the gear is permitted to rotate freely in an opposite direction in response to the spring force provided by the connector assembly tension spring assembly.
It is to be recognized that the timing of the dual advancement of the needle and connector assemblies and subsequent relative motion between the assemblies is coordinated. That is, the needle assembly first provides access to an interventional site and then the connector assembly is extended beyond a terminal end of the needle assembly through the relative motion of the needle and connector assemblies.
Moreover, it is at this stage that a distal component of the anchor assembly (not shown) is placed at a desired position within a patient's anatomy. Such a procedure can be viewed using a scope 582 which extends distally from a back end of the handle assembly 502 and through a telescope tube 584. A distal terminal end of the scope 582 can be positioned to so view the positioning of the distal and of the anchor delivery device 500.
The following will describe the steps involved in placing and/or assembling the proximal anchor component within the body as well as severing the connector portion of the assembled anchor assembly.
Thus, the integrated linear anchor delivery device 500 includes a second or proximal anchor trigger assembly 590 (See
Moreover, it is to be recognized that the foregoing procedure is reversible. In one approach, the connection of an anchor assembly can be severed and a proximal (or second) anchor component removed from the patient's body. For example, the physician can simply cut the connector and simultaneously remove the second anchor previously implanted for example, in the patient's urethra.
As the second trigger 590 is depressed, it rotates about a mid-section pivot fixed within the handle assembly. Such rotation causes the upper end of the trigger to turn forward thereby sliding the pusher guide member 594 forward. The projections of the guide member 594 slide within the slots 592 provided in the upper end portion of the trigger 590. By way of its direct connection thereto, a pusher (not shown) is advanced distally. The forward advancement of the pusher is contemplated to act against one component of the proximal anchor assembly to thereby assemble it to another proximal anchor component and/or to the connector assembly extending from the distal anchor component already placed within the patient.
Next, an outer cover lever 600 which is rotatably connected to a top end of the handle assembly is activated to sever the connector assembly. It is to be recognized that the system accordingly has the capability to sever the connector at any time before or after the delivery and/or assembly of the second anchor. The lever 600 is connected to a slider 602 having horizontal projections 604 located in slotted portions of the lever 600. The slider 602, in turn, is connected to a longitudinally translatable outer tube (not shown). Rotating the lever 600 forward functions to advance the outer tube forward to thereby cut the connector to a desired length. Thus, an anchor assembly is placed as desired at an interventional site within a patient's body. The anchor delivery device 500 can thereafter be used to implant additional anchors or it can be completely removed from the body of the patient.
An aspect that the various embodiments of the present invention provide is the ability to deliver multiple, preferably four, anchor assemblies having a customizable length and distal anchor components, each anchor assembly being implanted at a different location without having to remove the device from the patient. The various embodiments provide for variable needle depth and variable connector length for each of the multiple anchor assemblies delivered. Other aspects of the various embodiments of the present invention are load-based delivery, preferably 1 pound, of an anchor assembly, anchor assembly delivery with a device having integrated connector, (e.g. suture), cutting, and anchor assembly delivery with an endoscope in the device. The delivery device is uniquely configured to place such a load (half pound to five pounds) between spaced first anchor members as well as between or on an implanted first anchor and the delivery device. In this aspect, the needle assembly acting as a penetrating member can be cooperatively connected to a mechanism which produces a desired tension between the various anchor members while the needle assembly is retracted. Moreover, this load can be accomplished between first and second implanted anchor members.
It is to be recognized that various materials are contemplated for manufacturing the disclosed devices. Moreover, one or more components such as distal anchor, proximal anchor, connector, of the one or more anchor devices disclosed herein may be designed to be completely or partially biodegradable or biofragmentable.
Moreover, as stated, the devices and methods disclosed herein may be used to treat a variety of pathologies in a variety of tubular organs or organs comprising a cavity or a wall. Examples of such organs include, but are not limited to urethra, bowel, stomach, esophagus, trachea, bronchii, bronchial passageways, veins (e.g. for treating varicose veins or valvular insufficiency), arteries, lymphatic vessels, ureters, bladder, cardiac atria or ventricles, uterus, fallopian tubes, etc.
Finally, it is to be appreciated that the invention has been described hereabove with reference to certain examples or embodiments of the invention but that various additions, deletions, alterations and modifications may be made to those examples and embodiments without departing from the intended spirit and scope of the invention. For example, any element or attribute of one embodiment or example may be incorporated into or used with another embodiment or example, unless to do so would render the embodiment or example unpatentable or unsuitable for its intended use. Also, for example, where the steps of a method are described or listed in a particular order, the order of such steps may be changed unless to do so would render the method unpatentable or unsuitable for its intended use. All reasonable additions, deletions, modifications and alterations are to be considered equivalents of the described examples and embodiments and are to be included within the scope of the following claims.
Thus, it will be apparent from the foregoing that, while particular forms of the invention have been illustrated and described, as various modifications can be made without parting from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Makower, Joshua, McLean, Matt, Redmond, Russell J., Vidal, Claude, West, Scott, Catanese, III, Joseph, Lamson, Theodore C., Nagpurkar, Amik, Merrick, Daniel, Collinson, Michael, Barham, Mitchell C.
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