A hybrid variety of (Texas bluegrass×Kentucky bluegrass)×Kentucky bluegrass is described, characterized by a moderately rapid establishment; dark green color; short plant height; semi-erect growth habit; short tiller culms; a moderately wide leaf blade; large seed; short flag leaf; moderately aggressive rhizome growth; high cold resistance; and high resistance to rust and dollarspot diseases.
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1. A new and distinct hybrid variety of (Texas bluegrass×Kentucky bluegrass)×Kentucky bluegrass plant, as herein illustrated and described and characterized by a moderately rapid establishment; dark green color; short plant height; semi-erect growth habit; short tiller culms; a moderately wide leaf blade; large seed; short flag leaf; moderately aggressive rhizome growth; high cold resistance; and high resistance to rust and dollarspot diseases.
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Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a new and distinct hybrid variety Poa arachnifera Torr.×Poa pratensis L. that has been designated as ‘HB 328’ bluegrass.
Description of Related Art
A Texas Bluegrass×Kentucky Bluegrass hybrid designated ‘Reveille’ has been disclosed in PVP Certificate No. 9800337. Another Poa arachnifera Torr.×Poa pratensis L. hybrid designated as ‘HB 129’ has been disclosed in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/197,945, filed Aug. 5, 2005, claiming the benefit of provisional application No. 60/599,539, filed Aug. 6, 2004. ‘HB 129’ is commercially available as ‘Thermal Blue’ and this commercial designation is used elsewhere herein.
U.S. Plant Pat. No. 18,439, filed Aug. 19, 2005, described another Poa arachnifera Torr.×Poa pratensis L. hybrid designated as ‘HB 329’ as the progeny formed by crossing an interspecific hybrid bluegrass (Texas Bluegrass×Kentucky Bluegrass) designated ‘HB 47’ (a female plant 7-23×cv. ‘Geronimo’ male plant ) as the female parent crossed with cv. ‘Ascot’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) as the pollen parent. ‘HB 329’ is commercially available as ‘Dura Blue’ and this commercial designation is used elsewhere herein.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/483,919, filed Jul. 10, 2006, described another Poa arachnifera Torr.×Poa pratensis L. hybrid designated as ‘HB 130’. ‘HB 130’ bluegrass is the progeny of Texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.) female plant 6-8 (seed parent), with cv. ‘Geronimo’ Kentucky bluegrass (pollen parent) (Poa pratensis L.). ‘HB 130’ is commercially available as ‘Solar Green’ and this commercial designation is used elsewhere herein.
‘HB 328’ bluegrass originated as the progeny formed by crossing an interspecific hybrid bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.×Poa pratensis L.) designated ‘HB 13’ (a female plant 6-17×cv. ‘Geronimo’ male plant) as the female parent crossed with cv. ‘Ascot’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) as the pollen parent. As a result of this breeding, a distinct hybrid variety was produced asexually propagated by rhizomes, tillers and disseminules displaying perfect flowers, apomixis and turfgrass performance characteristics in the F1 generation.
Interspecific hybrid bluegrass female plant ‘HB 13’ is an unreleased plant selected and maintained in Gervais, Oreg., for its tiller density, turf quality and lack of male reproductive organs. ‘Ascot’ Kentucky bluegrass was bred at Marysville, Ohio, and has been disclosed under the designation ‘BA 77-279’ Kentucky Bluegrass in U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,977 P, issued Jul. 22, 1997. ‘HB 328’ is distinguishable from its maternal parent ‘HB 13’ in view of the fact that ‘HB 328’ florets are perfect since they possess both stamens and pistils. To the contrary, ‘HB13’ florets are not perfect since they possess pistils, but no stamens. Furthermore, ‘HB 328’ can produce pollen whereas ‘HB 13’ cannot.
The highly apomictic seed of ‘HB 328’ bluegrass was produced first as Gervais, Oreg. This seed was used to plant turf performance evaluation trials and later, seed production fields. The seed of ‘HB 328’ has been found to be stable. Asexual production of ‘HB 328’ initially was performed at Gervais, Oreg. by propagules (tillers and rhizomes) and by disseminules (modified caryopses produced by apomixis), and has consistently produced progeny plants indistinguishable from the first generation asexual reproductions of the instant plant. The apomixis level of ‘HB328’ is approximately 88.5%. The apomixis level was determined by examining field planting of ‘HB 328’ in two years of rating for apomictic origin and from plants grown in a controlled environment chamber from disseminules harvested over four growing seasons from field grown plants in Gervais, Oreg.
‘HB 328’ has a number of highly desirable characteristics, including a dark green color, excellent cold tolerance, and good rust and dollarspot disease tolerance. ‘HB 328’ has an upright, semi-erect leafy turf type growth habit. The dark green color of ‘HB 328’ turf can be maintained throughout an entire growing season and ‘HB 328’ demonstrates excellent fall color and superior winter color under mild winter conditions. ‘HB 328’ has exhibited better rhizome growth relative to other varieties and tends to regrow faster during spring green-up.
‘HB 328’ has an amount of cotton (webbing) on the caryopsis, lemma and panicle, comparable to that found in ‘HB 329’. Individual ‘HB 328’ seeds are larger than those of comparable varieties. In comparison with ‘HB 129’ and ‘Reveille’ hybrids, the number and percent of area covered by ‘HB 328’ seedlings is lower than ‘HB 129’ but greater than ‘Reveille’. 98 days after sowing. Individual ‘HB 328’ seedlings were larger than either ‘Reveille’ or ‘HB 129’ seedlings.
In comparison with a number of Kentucky bluegrass varieties and with hybrid bluegrass varieties such as ‘HB 129’ and ‘Reveille’, unmoved mature plants of ‘HB 328’ are semi-erect and short, with shorter tiller culms and whole plants than ‘HB 129’ and ‘Reveille’. ‘HB 328’ has medium to wide and short vegetative leaves.
Tillers of ‘HB 328’ are shorter than those of ‘HB 129’ but longer than ‘Reveille’, and have fewer nodes with shorter internode lengths than most other tested varieties, including ‘HB 129’ and ‘Reveille’. Flag leaves of ‘HB 328’ are of intermediate length and width but are relatively thick with short sheaths and average hair density.
Panicles of ‘HB 328’ are open with a growth habit between nodding and upright. ‘HB 328’ panicles have slightly more whorls per panicle than ‘HB 129’ and ‘Reveille’ panicles.
‘HB 328’ (Texas bluegrass×Kentucky bluegrass)×Kentucky bluegrass hybrid which may also be designated as (Poa arachnifera Torr.×Poa pratensis L.)×Poa pratensis L. hybrid is perennial with creeping rhizomes forming a moderately dense turf.
Hybrid bluegrass ‘HB 328’ is distinct from other varieties of bluegrass in morphological and growth characteristics. Since environmental conditions such as soil and climate may influence morphological characteristics to some extent, comparisons of ‘HB 328’ were made with Kentucky, Tex., and hybrid bluegrass varieties including ‘HB 129’ and ‘Reveille’ hybrid bluegrass under like conditions and the comparisons are set forth in Table 1-17, as follows.
TABLE 1
Comparison of Heading Dates and Anthesis Dates of various Kentucky
and Texas bluegrass cultivars planted in the nurseries at Gervais, Oregon.
Heading
Anthesis
Heading
Anthesis
Date
Date
Date
Date
Growing Season
2005
2005
2006
2006
‘HB 328’
118.4
135.6
135.4
143.5
‘HB 129’
119.5
138.0
133.4
138.4
‘HB 130’
121.5
140.8
133.1
140.8
‘HB 329’
123.0
144.8
135.6
142.7
‘Ascot’
123.7
140.5
135.8
141.1
‘Geronimo’
121.6
139.9
127.6
136.5
‘TX 46 90’
123.7
‘TX 51-90’
116.2
139.7
127.1
137.7
‘TX-39-88’
121.4
‘TX 49-90’
119.2
139.5
139.0
‘Reveille’
115.8
141.4
130.8
146.4
‘Kelly’
130.8
143.4
138.7
145.5
LSD
5.
4.85
6.54
3.58
(p = 0.05)
Growth of ‘HB 328’ plants is characterized in part by tillering. Tiller culms of ‘HB 328’ are relatively short, have relatively few nodes and short internode length (See Table 2).
TABLE 2
Comparison of Tiller Characteristics of ‘HB 328’ and various Kentucky
and Texas bluegrass cultivars planted in the nurseries at Gervais, Oregon.
Measurements in this Table are in centimeters (cm) or by number (count).
Number
Tiller
Tiller
of
Top
Top
Culm
Culm
Nodes
Number
Internode
Intern
Length
Length
Per
Nodes
Length
Length
(cm)
(cm)
Tiller
Tiller
(cm)
(cm)
Growing
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
Season
‘HB 328’
56.7
55.7
3.0
3.4
8.1
9.9
‘HB 129’
59.2
64.8
4.5
4.7
11.3
13.5
‘HB 130’
58.5
63.0
4.4
3.9
11.5
13.1
‘HB 329’
52.6
52.3
3.2
4.2
17.0
17.8
‘Abbey’
56.7
4.1
15.7
‘Ascot’
47.0
52.4
4.1
4.8
9.7
10.8
‘Geronimo’
59.3
4.7
4.1
12.5
15.5
‘TX 19-88’
70.0
3.8
9.5
‘TX 46-90’
61.7
66.5
3.4
9.8
‘TX 4-88’
79.5
4.1
12.0
‘TX 51-90’
51.9
2.3
11.2
‘TX-39-88’
66.5
2.2
9.9
‘TX 49-90’
2.4
9.7
‘Reveille’
62.6
2.8
13.9
‘Kelly’
54.9
4.1
9.6
LSD
7.59
7.77
1.1
0.86
3.39
3.5
(p = 0.05)
When plants overwinter in the field and grow undisturbed by clipping they reached 42.5 cm, 40.4 cm, and 36.7 cm in three different years. See Table 3. In each year their was shorter than ‘HB 129’ but slightly taller than hybrid ‘HB 329’. ‘HB 328’ growth habit is semi-erect. See Table 4.
TABLE 3
Comparison of Plant Height of ‘HB 328’ and various Kentucky and Texas
bluegrass cultivars planted in the nurseries at Gervais, Oregon.
Measurements in this Table are in centimeters (cm).
Plant
Plant
Plant
Height
Height
Height
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
Growing Season
2004
2005
2006
‘HB 328’
42.5
40.4
36.7
‘HB 129’
63.5
58.3
57.2
‘HB 130’
66.5
54.6
54.9
‘HB 329’
34.0
35.8
37.9
‘Abbey’
64.6
‘Ascot’
36.7
38.2
32.0
‘Geronimo’
62.4
56.8
54.7
‘TX 19-88’
59.8
‘TX 46-90’
45.4
56.2
46.9
‘TX 4-88’
59.8
‘TX 51-90’
48.1
49.6
‘TX-39-88’
60.4
‘Reveille’
54.9
‘Kelly’
38.0
43.0
LSD
8.89
8.80
6.54
(p = 0.05)
TABLE 4
Comparison of Growth Habit of ‘HB 328’ and various Kentucky and
Texas bluegrass cultivars planted in the nurseries at Gervais, Oregon, after
one and two years. (Ratings in this Table 4 were as follows: 1 = prostrate,
2 = semi-erect, 3 = erect).
Growth Habit
Growth Habit
Growth Habit
Growing Season
2005
2004
2006
‘HB 328’
2.0
2.0
1.1
‘HB 129’
2.1
2.3
2.0
‘HB 130’
2.4
2.3
2.0
‘HB 329’
1.8
2.0
2.0
‘Abbey’
2.4
‘Ascot’
2.4
1.7
1.0
‘Geronimo’
1.9
2.3
1.7
‘TX 19-88’
3.0
3.0
‘TX 46-90’
3.0
2.5
‘TX 4-88’
3.0
1.5
‘Reveille’
3.0
‘Kelly’
1.2
LSD (p = 0.05)
0.34
0.35
0.15
TABLE 5
Comparison of Vegetative Leaf Characteristics of ‘HB 328’ and various
Kentucky and Texas bluegrass cultivars planted the nursery at Gervais,
Oregon. Measurements in this Table are in centimeters (cm).
Vegetative
Vegetative
Vegetative
Leaf Length
Leaf Length
Leaf Width
Growing Season
2005
2005
2005
‘HB 328’
7.8
12.5
.41
‘HB 129’
9.4
7.0
.46
‘HB 130’
9.0
7.9
.46
‘HB 329’
9.4
7.9
.49
‘Abbey’
7.8
‘Ascot’
8.6
6.9
.37
‘Geronimo’
9.1
8.0
.46
‘TX 19-88’
14.2
‘TX 46-90’
15.4
‘TX 4-88’
15.6
‘TX 51-90’
9.1
.36
‘TX-39-88’
9.0
.46
‘TX 49-90’
12.3
.59
‘Reveille’
9.2
.29
‘Kelly’
9.1
.39
LSD
3.29
3.35
.101
(p = 0.05)
When grass growth changes from vegetative to reproductive, grass flower heads are surrounded by the flag leaf. As the flowers mature and emerge, the flag leaf remains attached near the base of the flower head. The ‘HB 328’ flag leaf sheath type is closed and the ‘HB 328’ flag leaf sheath, at 13.1 cm, and the flag leaf, at 6.8 cm, are both shorter than those of ‘HB 129’ and ‘Reveille’ plants. The ‘HB 328’ flat leaf, at 0.37 cm, is narrower than that of ‘HB 129’ but wider than that of ‘Reveille’ plants (see Table 6). The flag leaf averages fewer hairs on the ligule than ‘HB 129’ hybrid blue grass but more than on the ‘Reveille’ ligule (See Table 7).
TABLE 6
Comparison of Flag Leaf Characteristics of ‘HB 328’ and various
Kentucky and Texas bluegrass cultivars planted in the nurseries at Gervais,
Oregon. Measurements in this Table are in centimeters (cm).
Flag Leaf
Flag Leaf
Flag Leaf
Sheath Length
Length
Width
Growing Season
2005
2005
2005
‘HB 328’
13.1
6.8
.37
‘HB 129’
15.5
7.2
.40
‘HB 130’
15.3
6.5
.40
‘HB 329’
13.7
6.4
.38
‘Ascot’
13.2
5.7
.32
‘Geronimo’
15.3
6.7
.42
‘TX 51-90’
12.3
8.0
.41
‘TX-39-88’
15.8
8.7
.49
‘TX 49-90’
15.6
9.7
.56
‘Reveille’
16.4
7.6
.32
‘Kelly’
14.4
6.1
.36
LSD (p = 0.05)
2.78
2.72
.121
TABLE 7
Comparison of Ligule Thickness, Ligule Hairs and Flag Leaf Thickness of
‘HB 328’ and various Kentucky and Texas bluegrass cultivars in the
nurseries at Gervais, Oregon.
Flag Leaf
Flag Leaf
Ligule
Ligule Hairs
Flag Leaf
Length
9 = Many
Thickness
(mm)
1 = none
(mm)
Growing
2005
2005
2005
Season
‘HB 328’
2.43
5.1
0.0202
‘HB 129’
1.33
5.8
0.0149
‘HB 130’
1.66
4.5
0.0145
‘HB 329’
2.25
3.2
0.0182
‘Ascot’
2.00
5.6
0.0166
‘Geronimo’
1.67
7.1
0.0164
‘TX 51-90’
1.68
0.1
0.0262
‘TX-39-88’
2.65
0.1
0.0199
‘TX 49-90’
2.00
0.5
0.0231
‘Reveille’
2.32
0.9
0.0207
‘Kelly’
2.05
6.3
0.0163
LSD
0.663
1.93
0.00332
(p = 0.05)
Bluegrass flower heads (inflorescences) have a panicle morphology. See FIG. 1. ‘HB 328’ panicles have a semi-nodding habit, averaging 10.6 and 10.7 cm in length and 9.7 and 8.0 cm in width in two nursery plantings, respectively. This is similar to ‘HB 129’ and ‘Reveille’. ‘HB 328’ panicles average 8.8 and 8.9 whorls per panicle in two nursery plantings, respectively, more than either ‘HB 129’ or ‘Reveille’ (See Table 8). ‘HB 328’ panicles on average have 4.8 branches on the lowest whorl (1st whorl) and 3.5 branches on the 3rd whorl, more than ‘HB 129’ (see Table 9). ‘HB 328’ has 5.2 florets per spikelet on the 1st whorl and 5.0 florets per spikelet on the 3rd whorl. The glumes of the first whorl are 3.4 mm in length and 3.8 mm in width, while glumes of the third whorl are 3.6 mm in length and 3.9 mm in width (See Table 10).
TABLE 8
Comparison of Panicle Characteristics of ‘HB 328’ and
various Kentucky and Texas bluegrass cultivars planted in the
nurseries at Gervais, Oregon. Measurements of Panicle Length and
Width in this Table are in centimeters (cm).
Panicle
Panicle
Panicle
Panicle
Panicle
Panicle
Length
Length
Width
Width
Habit
Habit
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
Growing
2004
2006
2005
2005
2005
2005
Season
‘HB 328’
1.5
1.2
10.7
10.6
9.7
8.0
‘HB 129’
2.0
1.1
10.5
9.1
10.3
8.4
‘HB 130’
2.0
1.1
10.7
9.3
10.8
8.5
‘HB 329’
1.8
1.4
9.7
8.6
8.5
6.7
‘Abbey’
1.3
12.5
6.9
‘Ascot’
1.2
8.9
7.6
7.2
7.0
‘Geronimo’
2.0
1.1
11.1
8.9
11.4
8.9
‘TX 19-88’
1.8
12.8
9.8
‘TX 46-90’
1.8
13.5
9.5
‘TX 4-88’
1.8
13.7
9.2
‘TX 51-90’
1.3
10.6
9.3
‘TX-39-88’
1.9
11.5
9.1
‘TX 49-90’
1.2
9.6
7.4
‘Reveille’
1.9
10.9
9.1
‘Kelly’
1.5
9.8
9.4
LSD
0.28
2.51
2.65
1.91
1.24
(p = 0.05)
Number
Number
Panicle
Panicle
Panicle
of Whorls
of Whorls
Branch
Branch
Branch
in Panicle
in Panicle
Attitude
Attitude
Attitude
Growing
2005
2005
2006
2005
2004
Season
‘HB 328’
8.9
8.8
2.0
1.3
1.0
‘HB 129’
8.6
8.0
1.9
1.0
1.1
‘HB 130’
8.9
8.2
2.0
1.0
1.0
‘HB 329’
8.1
8.3
2.0
1.5
1.1
‘Abbey’
9.3
1.0
1.1
‘Ascot’
7.0
7.2
1.9
1.2
1.5
‘Geronimo’
8.9
8.4
1.8
1.3
1.2
‘TX 19-88’
3.0
3.0
‘TX 46-90’
9.9
2.9
2.5
‘TX 4-88’
10.0
2.8
1.5
‘TX 51-90’
7.2
2.7
‘TX-39-88’
7.2
2.9
‘TX 49-90’
7.9
‘Reveille’
7.6
3.0
‘Kelly’
8.2
2.3
LSD
0.53
1.37
0.39
0.54
(p = 0.05)
Panicle Habit:
1 = Nodding
2 = Upright
Panicle Branch Attitude:
1 = Drooping
2 = Horizontal
3 = Ascending
TABLE 9
Comparison of Panicle Characteristics of ‘HB 328’ and various Kentucky
and Texas bluegrass cultivars planted in the nurseries at Gervais, Oregon.
Number of
Number of
Panicle type
Branches in
Branches in
1 = Open
Lowest Whorl
3rd Whorl of
2 = Intermediate
of Panicle
Panicle
3 = Compact
Growing
2005
2005
2004
Season
‘HB 328’
4.8
3.5
1.0
‘HB 129’
4.0
3.3
1.0
‘HB 130’
3.9
3.2
1.0
‘HB 329’
4.4
3.8
1.0
‘Abbey’
3.1
3.1
1.0
‘Ascot’
2.8
2.4
1.0
‘Geronimo’
4.0
3.5
1.0
‘TX 19-88’
5.3
2.0
‘TX 46-90’
4.9
5.0
2.0
‘TX 4-88’
5.7
6.5
2.0
‘TX 51-90’
‘TX-39-88’
‘TX 49-90’
‘Reveille’
‘Kelly’
LSD
0.81
0.75
0.00
(p = 0.05)
Panicle type
1 = Open
Panicle
Panicle
2 = Intermediate
Type
Panicle Type
type
3 = Compact
% Open
% Intermediate
% Compact
Growing
2006
2005
2005
2005
Season
‘HB 328’
1.1
98.3
1.7
0
‘HB 129’
1.0
96.8
3.2
0
‘HB 130’
1.0
100.0
0
0
‘HB 329’
1.1
92.6
7.4
0
‘Abbey’
‘Ascot’
1.0
98.3
1.7
0
‘Geronimo’
1.0
100.0
0
0
‘TX 19-88’
‘TX 46-90’
‘TX 4-88’
‘TX 51-90’
2.7
0
25.0
75.0
‘TX-39-88’
2.9
0
15.4
84.7
‘TX 49-90’
0
25.7
74.3
‘Reveille’
2.8
27.0
59.8
13.2
‘Kelly’
1.0
98.4
0
LSD
0.190
12.79
15.36
10.13
(p = 0.05)
TABLE 10
Comparison of Panicle Characteristics of ‘HB 328’ and various
Kentucky and Texas bluegrass cultivars harvested from a field nursery
at Gervais, Oregon. Measurements in this Table are in millimeters (mm).
Glume
Glume
Spikelet
Spikelet
Spikelet
Spikelet
#1
#2
Length
Width
Length
Width
Length
Width
1st
1st
3rd
3rd
1st
1st
Whorl
Whorl
Whorl
Whorl
Whorl
Whorl
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
Growing
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
Season
‘HB 328’
6.6
5.2
6.8
4.4
3.4
3.8
‘HB 129’
7.6
4.5
7.1
4.0
3.1
3.5
‘HB 130’
6.4
4.2
6.7
3.6
3.0
3.0
‘HB 329’
6.2
4.3
6.5
3.8
3.7
3.6
‘Ascot’
5.6
4.4
5.8
4.3
2.9
3.1
‘Geronimo’
5.5
4.2
6.3
4.0
2.7
2.9
‘TX 51-90’
7.6
7.3
7.5
7.1
3.6
4.2
‘TX-39-88’
8.6
5.9
8.5
5.7
3.6
4.0
‘TX 49-90’
9.7
8.2
9.7
8.0
5.4
6.0
‘Reveille’
6.1
4.0
6.4
4.2
2.9
3.3
‘Kelly’
6.3
4.4
6.1
4.3
2.8
3.0
LSD
1.68
1.88
1.74
1.62
0.85
0.95
(p = 0.05)
Glume
Glume
Number of
Number of
#1
#2
Florets
Florets
Length
Length
Per
Per
3rd
3rd
Spikelet
Spikelet
Whorl
Whorl
in 1st
in 3rd
(mm)
(mm)
Whorl
Whorl
Growing
2005
2005
2005
2005
Season
‘HB 328’
3.6
3.9
5.2
5.0
‘HB 129’
3.2
3.3
8.6
7.0
‘HB 130’
3.0
3.2
6.3
6.4
‘HB 329’
3.6
3.7
4.6
5.0
‘Ascot’
2.9
3.1
3.8
4.3
‘Geronimo’
3.0
3.1
5.2
6.0
‘TX 51-90’
3.3
4.2
8.8
8.5
‘TX-39-88’
3.6
4.2
8.0
7.9
‘TX 49-90’
5.0
5.4
8.7
8.6
‘Reveille’
3.3
3.5
4.0
4.9
‘Kelly’
2.9
3.0
4.3
4.9
LSD
0.68
0.80
1.69
1.81
(p = 0.05)
The seed of ‘HB 328’ was conditioned by removing most of the extraneous materials that may have been harvested with the seed, such as small pieces of plant stems and leaves, soil particles, seed of other plants and the like. ‘HB 328’ seeds had a combined length of 37.7 mm and combined width of 9.4 mm, greater than all other tested varieties. Similarly, ‘HB 328’ seed was heavier than all other varieties (See Table 11). Seed and panicles of ‘HB 328’ were overall more heavily covered with cotton and webbing than either ‘HB 129’ or ‘Reveille’ but less than ‘HB 329’ (See Table 12).
TABLE 11
Comparison of seed size of ‘HB 328’ and various Kentucky and
Texas bluegrass cultivars planted in a field nursery at Gervais, Oregon.
Weight of
Length of 10
Width of 10
1000 Seed
Seeds
Seeds
Count
(mm)
(mm)
(mg)
Growing
2004
2004
2004
Season
‘HB 328’
37.7
9.4
710.0
‘HB 129’
32.0
8.0
540.0
‘HB 130’
34.0
8.3
546.7
‘HB 329’
26.2
9.1
660.0
‘Abbey’
34.7
7.8
576.7
‘Ascot’
32.3
8.0
543.3
‘Geronimo’
30.3
8.1
516.7
‘Unique’
23.3
6.5
360.0
LSD
10.88
0.81
46.77
(p = 0.05)
TABLE 12
Comparison of Seed properties of ‘HB 328’ and various Kentucky and
Texas bluegrass cultivars planted in the nurseries at Gervais, Oregon.
Lemma
Lemma
Panicle
Cotton
Cotton
Cotton
Density
Density
Density
(Visual
(Visual
(Visual
Rating)
Rating)
Rating)
Lemma
Lemma
5 = Most
5 = Most
5 = Most
Length
Length
1 = None
1 = None
1 = None
(mm)
(mm)
Growing
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
Season
‘HB 328’
3.0
3.4
3.8
4.6
4.4
‘HB 129’
2.2
3.3
2.0
3.8
3.8
‘HB 130’
2.2
2.7
2.3
3.8
3.6
‘HB 329’
3.8
3.5
3.6
4.8
4.0
‘Ascot’
2.3
2.6
2.4
3.7
4.0
‘Geronimo’
2.3
2.6
2.1
3.8
3.6
‘TX 51-90’
3.5
2.3
5.8
‘TX-39-88’
3.7
2.4
3.8
6.2
4.9
‘TX 49-90’
3.7
4.3
6.2
‘Reveille’
3.0
3.5
2.3
4.2
3.8
‘Kelly’
2.3
2.6
2.7
3.8
4.9
LSD
0.29
1.39
0.74
0.47
0.79
(p = 0.05)
Webbing
Webbing
Length
Length
% Of
% Of
Webbing
Lemma
Lemma
Length
(%)
(%)
(mm)
Growing
2005
2005
2005
Season
‘HB 328’
93.3
100.8
3.0
‘HB 129’
80.0
84.2
2.2
‘HB 130’
74.6
76.9
2.2
‘HB 329’
108.3
47.7
3.8
‘Ascot’
61.3
75.6
2.4
‘Geronimo’
89.6
59.4
2.3
‘TX 51-90’
132.3
3.5
‘TX-39-88’
132.1
70.3
3.7
‘TX 49-90’
120.8
3.7
‘Reveille’
95.4
84.7
3.0
‘Kelly’
88.3
65.8
LSD
26.3
46.4
0.29
(p = 0.05)
Seedlings of ‘HB 328’ are individually heavier than seedlings of other tested bluegrasses, while the absolute number of seedlings per area and the rate of ground coverage by ‘HB 328’ is better than ‘Reveille’ and not as fast as ‘HB129’. See Table 14. After five months of growth, ‘HB 328’ plants had more rhizomes, 12.5, than other compared bluegrasses. Plant spread following five months of growth, 230 cm2, was greater than spread of ‘HB 129’ and ‘HB 329’ hybrids but less than the spread of ‘HB 130’ hybrid bluegrass. See Table 16.
Turf of ‘HB 328’ has a dark green color that can be maintained throughout the growing season. The upper and lower leaf blade surface colors of ‘HB 328’ were determined by comparing several actively growing leaves on at a time, in full sun, with color chips from the Munsell Book of Color as a reference. On this basis, the color of the upper and lower leaf blade surfaces were determined by comparable ranging from 7.5 GY 4/6 to 2.5 G 4/6. Additionally, color designations were determined from tillers harvested from the plant nursery using the Munsell Book of Color, Volume 1 of a two volume set, as follows: 10 YR 6/4 for ‘HB 328’ seed; 10 YR 7/4 for the ‘HB 328’ spikelet; and 10 YR 7/6 for the ‘HB 328’ culm. ‘HB 328’ shows better fall and winter color compared with the other Kentucky bluegrass varieties and hybrids tested, including ‘HB 129’, ‘HB 130’, and ‘Reveille’ bluegrasses (see Table 13). Over two thirds of ‘HB 328’ turf remained green during the winter, and almost no cold stress was observed, better than other tested bluegrasses including ‘HB 129’ and ‘Reveille’ (See Table 15). It should be noted that the general apparent color of turf does not always correlate with the color of the individual actively growing leaves within the turf and that turf color as well as leaf, seed, spikelet and culm colors may vary with nutrient levels, time of the year harvested, climatic conditions and such factors.
TABLE 13
Comparison of Turf Color of ‘HB 328’ and various
Kentucky and Texas bluegrass cultivars grown as turf throughout
the growing season in Gervais, Oregon and Valley Center, California.
Turf Color
Turf Color
Turf Color
Turf Color
(Sep-
Turf Color
(March)
(June)
(June)
tember)
(January)
Oregon
Oregon
California
California
California
9 = Dark
9 = Dark
9 = Dark
9 = Dark
9 = Dark
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Growing
2004
2004
2003
2003
2004
Season
‘HB 328’
7.0
8.0
7.7
6.0
7.0
‘HB 129’
7.0
5.0
6.0
5.0
4.3
‘HB 130’
6.0
6.0
5.7
5.7
4.3
‘HB 329’
6.7
8.0
8.0
6.2
5.7
‘Abbey’
6.7
6.0
6.0
5.7
5.3
‘Ascot’
6.0
7.0
‘Geronimo’
6.0
5.0
‘Reveille’
3.3
7.0
‘Kelly’
6.0
6.0
‘Apollo’
7.3
6.5
5.0
‘Midnight’
7.3
7.8
6.0
LSD
1.58
0.41
0.68
0.76
1.25
(p = 0.05)
TABLE 14
Comparison of Seedling Growth of ‘HB 328’ and various
Kentucky and Texas bluegrass cultivars grown as turf at Gervais, Oregon.
Dry
Weight
Seedling
Seedling
Seedling
Seedlings
per
Coverage
Coverage
Coverage
per sq ft
Seedling
(11 Days)
(21 Days)
(42 Days)
(98 Days)
(98 Days)
Fall Plant
Fall Plant
Fall Plant
Fall Plant
Fall Plant
(%)
(%)
(%)
Count
Gram
Growing
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
Season
‘HB 328’
30.0
56.7
73.3
590
0.0277
‘HB 129’
51.7
76.3
91.7
1720
0.0177
‘HB 130’
31.7
68.3
83.3
717
0.0350
‘HB 329’
21.7
56.7
70.0
676
0.0207
‘Abbey’
46.7
75.0
91.7
917
0.0240
‘Ascot’
46.7
71.7
85.0
1097
0.0261
‘Geronimo’
35.0
73.3
85.0
1187
0.0210
‘Reveille’
1.0
10.0
28.3
347
0.0091
‘Kelly’
53.3
81.7
90.0
1145
0.0257
LSD
7.35
6.95
6.36
475
0.00709
(p = 0.05)
TABLE 15
Comparison of Cold Tolerance of ‘HB 328’ and various
Kentucky and Texas bluegrass cultivars grown as turf in
California and Oregon and in nursery plantings in Oregon
Winter
Winter
Cold Stress
Winter Plant
Green
Green
0 = None
Area
(%)
(%)
(%)
(cm2)
Month
January
February
January
January
Growing
2005
2003
2005
2006
Season
‘HB 328’
66.7
77.5
3.0
1520
‘HB 129’
20.0
35.0
33.3
2280
‘HB 130’
18.3
30.0
20.0
2376
‘HB 329’
56.7
52.5
10.0
1096
‘Abbey’
30.0
43.3
‘Envicta’
21.7
‘Avalanche’
46.7
2.0
‘Geronimo’
33.3
2178
‘Ascot’
38.3
950
‘TX 51-90’
672
‘TX-39-88’
385
‘TX 49-90’
337
‘Reveille’
2.7
1210
‘Kelly’
48.3
982
LSD
8.84
11.19
14.8
653
(p = 0.05)
TABLE 16
Comparison of Rhizome Development (Count) and Plant Spread
(Area) of Individual Seedling and Spring Surge Growth as Turf of
‘HB 328’ and various Kentucky and Texas bluegrass cultivars in Oregon.
Rhizomes per
Plant Spread
Turf
Plant
July
Surge Growth
@ 5 Months
@ 5- Months
Spring (March)
Oregon
Oregon
Oregon
(Count)
(cm2)
Height (cm)
Growing Season
2006
2006
2005
‘HB 328’
12.5
230
6.7
‘HB 129’
10.2
190
9.0
‘HB 130’
12.2
287
8.3
‘HB 329’
6.7
125
5.0
‘Ascot’
5.5
153
5.1
‘Abbey’
6.2
‘Geronimo’
10.8
272
8.9
‘Texas 632500’
2.7
40
LSD (p = 0.05)
4.75
133.2
1.8
‘HB 328’ hybrid bluegrass is moderately resistant to brown blight and very resistant to dollarspot and rust fungal diseases (See Table 17).
TABLE 17
Disease Resistance of ‘HB 328’ and
various Kentucky and Texas bluegrass cultivars Grown as
Turf Plantings at Gervais, Oregon and Valley Center, California.
Brown
Blight
Rust
Rust
Dollarspot
December
June
March
September
(Oregon)
(Oregon)
(California)
(California)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Growing
2005
2005
2003
2003
Season
‘HB 328’
10.7
0.0
2.0
0.0
‘HB 129’
11.0
8.3
16.7
21.7
‘HB 130’
6.7
8.3
13.3
16.7
‘HB 329’
9.0
2.3
2.0
0.3
‘Abbey’
22.3
28.3
13.3
16.7
‘Ascot’
5.3
23.3
‘Geronimo’
11.7
15.0
‘Reveille’
0.0
1.3
‘Kelly’
30.0
20.0
‘Apollo’
23.3
0.0
‘Midnight’
26.7
0.3
LSD
14.02
10.27
10.56
(p = 0.05)
Hardison, John R., Burr, Jay B., Frelich, James R., Marquez, George
| Patent | Priority | Assignee | Title |
| 9386755, | Mar 14 2013 | J.R. Simplot Company | Turfgrass varieties having desirable looking turf when mowed infrequently |
| Patent | Priority | Assignee | Title |
| PP9977, | Feb 23 1996 | OMS Investments, Inc. | Ba 77-279 Kentucky Bluegrass |
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