1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Poa
pratensis that has been designated Ba 77-279 Kentucky Bluegrass.
2. Description of Related Art
Kentucky bluegrasses have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 3,156,
issued May 9, 1972; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 3,186, issued May 23, 1972; U.S.
Pat. No. P.P. 4,336, issued Nov. 28, 1978; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 6,280,
issued Sep. 6, 1988; U.S. Pat. Nos. P.P. 6,538 and 6,538, issued on Jan.
17, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 6,585, issued Feb. 7, 1989; U.S. Pat. No.
P.P. 7,831, issued Mar. 17, 1992; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 8,490, issued Dec. 7,
1993; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 9,036, issued Jan. 3, 1995; U.S. Pat. No. P.P.
9,209, issued Jul. 18, 1995; and pending U.S. Plant patent applications
Ser. No. 08/453,864, filed May 30, 1995, and Ser. No. 08/532,995, filed
Sep. 22, 1995.
Ba 77-279 plant material originated by crossing Ba73-709, an unreleased
Kentucky bluegrass plant maintained in the O. M. Scott plant nursery, as
the seed parent with a Merion Kentucky bluegrass plant as the pollen
parent. As a result of this breeding, a distinct variety was produced and
asexually propagated by rhizomes, tillers and disseminules.
Seed of Ba 77-279 Kentucky Bluegrass was produced first at Marysville, Ohio
and later at Gervais, Oreg. This seed was used to plant turf performance
evaluation trials and later seed production fields. Asexual production of
Ba 77-279 by propagules (tillers and rhizomes) and by disseminules
(modified caryopses produced by apomixis) has consistently produced
progeny plants indistinguishable from the mother plant. The apomixis level
of Ba 77-279 is approximately 89% based upon examining seedling
characeristics of approximately 100 to 150 seedlings from different crop
years in a growth chamber.
Ba 77-279 has a number of highly desirable characteristics including a high
level of resistance to Drechslera spp. that causes leaf spot, melting out
and crown rot; a medium to high level of resistance to Puccinia spp. that
causes several types of rust infections and Schlerotinia homoeocarpa that
causes dollar spot. Ba 77-279 has an attractive leafy turf growth habit;
moderately wide leaf blades and an attractive dark green color which can
be maintained throughout the entire growing season. Ba 77-279 demonstrates
good drought tolerance and excellent turf performance as evidenced by
consistently high scores for quality, color and density. Ba 77-279 has a
medium seed yield potential in the bluegrass seed production region of the
northwestern U.S.
In comparison with a number of other bluegrass varieties, Ba 77-279 is
average for seed size, number of whorls per panicle, vegetative leaf
width, and ligule length. Ba 77-279 is below average in panicle length and
width, number of florets per spikelet, flag leaf and vegetative leaf
length and width, peduncle length and width, culm length and lemma hair
content. Ba 77-279 is above average in spikelet width.
In comparison to many other varieties, Ba 77-279 is significantly greater
in rachella length, spikelet length, flag leaf ligule length and internode
length. Ba 77-279 has significantly less number of branches per whorl in
the panicle, number of nodes in the culm and vegetative leaf ligule hair
content as compared with other Bluegrass varieties. In comparison to most
varieties, Ba 77-279 is significantly greater in outer and inner glume
length and flag leaf thickness. Ba 77-279 is much darker green than either
of its parents (Ba73-709 and Merion).
FIG. 1 is a Ba 77-279 Kentucky Bluegrass panicle;
FIG. 2 is a Ba 77-279 Kentucky Bluegrass seed; and
FIG. 3 is a Ba 77-279 Kentucky Bluegrass plant shortly after completing
anthesis.
Ba 77-279 Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is perennial with creeping
rhizomes forming a dense turf. When plants overwinter in the field under
freezing temperatures and are then brought into the greenhouse during late
winter to continue growth undisturbed by clipping under moderate
temperatures (60°-80° F.), culms are erect averaging 36.3 cm
in length and 3.0 nodes per culm and the uppermost internode averages 12.7
cm in length. The peduncle averages 20.0 cm in length and 0.64 mm in
width. The flag leaf averages 4.7 cm in length, 3.5 mm in width and 0.29
mm in thickness and the ligule 1.5 mm in length. The vegetative leaf
averages 17.4 cm in length, 3.4 mm in width, 0.345 mm in thickness and a
ligule length of 0.22 mm.
The panicle averages 77.1 mm in length, 66.0 mm in width, and 9.2 whorls.
The lowest whorl averages 2.3 branches and the third whorl from the button
of the panicle average 2.1 branches. A spikelet in the lowest whorl
averages 5.4 mm in length, 2.6 mm in width, 3.1 florets and the outer
glume and inner glume average 3.7 and 4.1 mm in length, respectively. A
spikelet from the third whorl from the bottom of the panicle is 5.3 mm in
length, 2.9 mm in width, 3.1 florets, and the outer glume and inner glume
averages 3.7 and 4.0 mm in length, respectively.
The conditioned seed of Ba 77-279 averages 2.99 mm in length, 0.85 mm in
width, and a rachilla length of 0.82 mm. The seed count for Ba 77-279
averages approximately 1,039,000 seeds per pound.
Comparisions of Ba 77-279 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in terms
of seed dimension and seed numbers per pound are shown in Tables 1 and 2
as follows:
| TABLE 1 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Morphological Comparison of Seed and Rachilla Measurements and |
| Lemma Hair of Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at |
| Marysville, OH After Conditioning |
| Seed |
| Variety Length mm Width mm Rachilla mm |
| Lemma* Hair |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 |
| 2.99 .85 .82 3.4 |
| Ba 74-114 |
| 3.23 0.89 0.88 4.2 |
| Ba 73-366 |
| 3.04 0.91 0.80 4.4 |
| Ba 73-381 |
| 3.00 0.94 0.86 4.9 |
| Abbey 2.97 0.89 0.80 3.8 |
| Adelphi 2.70 0.84 0.65 4.4 |
| America 2.40 0.68 0.68 2.8 |
| Baron 3.08 0.81 0.71 5.0 |
| Bristol 2.94 0.88 0.73 4.3 |
| Chateau 2.81 0.86 0.71 4.5 |
| Coventry 2.71 0.81 0.70 4.0 |
| Eclipse 2.77 0.83 0.68 3.5 |
| Georgetown |
| 2.94 0.82 0.74 4.9 |
| Gnome 2.78 0.83 0.75 4.1 |
| Kelly 3.07 0.89 0.75 4.2 |
| Marquis 2.97 0.87 0.83 4.7 |
| Midnight 2.94 0.76 0.78 5.7 |
| Nassau 3.07 0.86 0.68 3.4 |
| Ram I 3.23 0.89 0.80 6.0 |
| Touchdown |
| 2.93 0.88 0.71 4.6 |
| Victa 3.00 0.80 0.82 3.5 |
| LSD (.05) |
| 0.16 0.05 0.13 0.86 |
| ______________________________________ |
| *Rating Scale: 0-9; 9 = abundant row of hairs |
| TABLE 2 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Comparison of Seed Numbers Per Pound of Ba 77-279 and Other |
| Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH After Conditioning |
| Variety Seeds Per Pound |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 1,039,000 |
| Ba 74-114 978,000 |
| Ba 73-366 1,025,586 |
| Ba 73-381 1,171,000 |
| Abbey 1,003,037 |
| Adelphi 1,383,976 |
| America 1,659,824 |
| Baron 1,051,693 |
| Bristol 1,270,821 |
| Chateau 1,300,105 |
| Coventry 1,246,200 |
| Eclipse 1,335,668 |
| Georgetown 1,431,000 |
| Gnome 1,017,641 |
| Kelly 921,166 |
| Marquis 1,054,642 |
| Midnight 1,227,000 |
| Nassau 1,127,130 |
| Ram I 1,214,000 |
| Touchdown 1,211,000 |
| Victa 1,038,298 |
| ______________________________________ |
Ba 77-279 differs significantly morphologically from many other Kentucky
Bluegrass varieties in regard to the following characteristics: (1) seed
length; (2) rachilla length; (3) panicle length; (4) number of branches in
the whorl; (5) spikelet length and width; (6) glume length and width; (7)
culm length and internode length; (8) flag leaf thickness; and (9)
vegetative leaf with and sheath color.
Since environmental conditions such as soil and climate may influence
morphological characteristics to some extent, comparisions of
morphological characteristics of Ba 77-279 were made with other Kentucky
Bluegrass varieties and the comparisons are set forth in the following
Tables 3-8:
| TABLE 3 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Morphological Comparison of Panicles, Whorl Number and Whorl |
| Branches of Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the |
| Greenhouse at Marysville, OH |
| Number of |
| Panicles Branches |
| Length Width Whorl Lowest |
| Third |
| Variety Nodding* mm mm Number |
| Whorl Whorl |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 |
| 2.4 77.1 66.0 9.2 2.3 2.1 |
| Ba 74-114 |
| 2.0 88.8 62.0 9.3 2.1 2.1 |
| Ba 73-366 |
| 1.6 88.8 68.4 8.8 4.3 3.7 |
| Ba 73-381 |
| 1.1 80.2 55.3 9.8 4.1 3.9 |
| Abbey 1.6 80.4 59.3 9.3 3.8 3.3 |
| Adelphi 1.8 106.8 76.4 10.0 3.6 3.0 |
| America 2.3 67.7 51.1 8.8 3.3 3.5 |
| Baron 2.2 92.6 71.0 10.0 3.4 2.8 |
| Bristol 2.0 85.5 61.5 8.4 2.8 2.7 |
| Chateau 2.9 65.2 57.3 8.5 3.3 2.8 |
| Coventry |
| 2.5 64.0 54.2 8.4 3.3 2.5 |
| Eclipse 1.3 89.2 74.0 10.7 3.3 2.1 |
| Georgetown |
| 1.0 80.0 57.0 7.4 2.1 2.6 |
| Gnome 1.1 80.6 56.0 10.6 4.6 3.9 |
| Kelly 2.0 88.0 70.2 9.8 4.6 3.7 |
| Marquis 1.1 82.0 63.0 10.3 3.9 3.6 |
| Midnight |
| 2.0 75.8 48.4 7.1 2.9 3.0 |
| Nassau 2.2 91.2 68.6 10.0 2.5 2.1 |
| Ram I 1.3 67.7 47.0 7.3 3.0 3.2 |
| Touchdown |
| 1.1 73.1 75.0 7.6 2.1 2.3 |
| Victa 1.7 74.9 58.3 10.0 4.7 3.5 |
| LSD (.05) |
| 0.68 7.35 8.62 0.66 0.72 0.50 |
| ______________________________________ |
| *Rate Scale: 1-9; 9 = most nodding |
| TABLE 4 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Morphological Comparison of Spikelets and Florets of Ba 77-279 and |
| Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH |
| Number |
| Spikelet* of Florets |
| Lowest Whorl |
| Third Whorl Per Spikelet |
| Length Width Length |
| Width Lowest |
| Third |
| Variety mm mm mm mm Whorl Whorl |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 |
| 5.4 2.6 5.3 2.9 3.1 3.1 |
| Ba 74-114 |
| 5.6 3.2 5.6 3.3 4.1 4.1 |
| Ba 73-366 |
| 4.6 2.5 4.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 |
| Ba 73-381 |
| 4.7 2.4 4.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 |
| Abbey 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.2 3.0 3.0 |
| Adelphi 4.6 2.2 4.8 2.2 4.4 4.4 |
| America 4.6 2.2 4.4 2.3 4.5 4.3 |
| Baron 5.4 2.8 5.4 3.1 4.0 4.2 |
| Bristol 4.9 2.4 5.0 2.5 4.2 4.5 |
| Chateau 4.4 2.4 4.4 2.4 3.4 3.5 |
| Coventry 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.4 3.2 3.5 |
| Eclipse 4.6 2.4 4.6 2.4 3.6 3.6 |
| Georgetown |
| 5.0 2.3 5.0 2.6 4.8 4.9 |
| Gnome 4.6 2.5 4.6 2.9 3.2 3.2 |
| Kelly 5.1 2.5 5.2 2.8 3.7 3.8 |
| Marquis 4.3 2.2 4.4 2.3 3.1 2.9 |
| Midnight 5.3 2.5 5.5 2.4 4.4 4.7 |
| Nassau 4.7 2.6 4.8 3.0 4.2 4.3 |
| Ram I 5.4 2.6 5.3 2.8 3.6 3.4 |
| Touchdown |
| 5.1 2.9 4.8 2.8 4.1 4.0 |
| Victa 4.5 2.5 4.5 2.4 3.3 3.2 |
| LSD (.05) |
| 0.41 0.35 0.38 0.35 0.58 0.53 |
| ______________________________________ |
| *Microscope measurements |
| TABLE 5 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Morphological Comparison of Glumes of Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky |
| Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH |
| Glume Hairs* |
| Glume Length (mm) Lowest Third |
| Outer Inner Whorl Whorl |
| Lowest Third Lowest |
| Third In- In- |
| Variety |
| Whorl Whorl Whorl Whorl Outer |
| ner Outer |
| ner |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 |
| 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.0 2.1 3.0 2.0 2.3 |
| Ba 74-114 |
| 3.5 3.3 3.9 3.8 2.6 3.2 2.2 2.8 |
| Ba 73-366 |
| 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.1 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.0 |
| Ba 73-381 |
| 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.1 1.7 2.3 2.1 2.3 |
| Abbey 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.1 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 |
| Adelphi |
| 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.1 0.6 2.7 1.1 1.9 |
| America |
| 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 |
| Baron 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.6 |
| Bristol |
| 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.4 1.0 2.2 0.8 2.2 |
| Chateau |
| 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 1.5 2.6 2.0 1.8 |
| Coventry |
| 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.1 1.5 2.7 1.6 2.4 |
| Eclipse |
| 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.9 |
| George- |
| 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1 1.7 2.7 1.2 2.4 |
| town |
| Gnome 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.3 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.6 |
| Kelly 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.8 |
| Marquis |
| 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.8 |
| Midnight |
| 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.1 1.8 2.8 1.0 2.4 |
| Nassau 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.1 2.6 4.2 4.4 |
| Ram I 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.5 1.1 2.3 0.7 1.2 |
| Touch- 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.8 0.7 2.1 1.1 1.4 |
| down |
| Victa 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3 |
| LSD (.05) |
| 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 |
| ______________________________________ |
| *Rating Scale: 0-9; 9 = many hairs |
| TABLE 6 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Morphological Comparison of Flag Leaves of Ba 77-279 and Other |
| Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH |
| Length Width Thickness |
| Leaf Leaf Ligule |
| Variety cm mm mm Angle1/ |
| Curve2/ |
| mm |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 |
| 4.7 3.5 0.29 2.1 4.5 1.5 |
| Ba 74-114 |
| 5.3 3.4 0.23 1.4 5.0 1.2 |
| Ba 73-366 |
| 4.5 3.6 0.18 5.1 4.4 1.5 |
| Ba 73-381 |
| 4.3 3.5 0.22 1.9 5.0 1.3 |
| Abbey 3.8 3.4 0.14 2.7 4.1 1.3 |
| Adelphi 5.7 3.4 0.18 5.2 5.0 1.1 |
| America 4.3 2.6 0.21 4.6 5.0 0.6 |
| Baron 7.0 4.2 0.15 9.2 4.4 1.2 |
| Bristol 4.3 3.2 0.21 2.3 5.0 0.6 |
| Chateau 4.0 2.7 0.19 3.4 2.0 0.9 |
| Coventry |
| 3.7 3.0 0.14 0.7 4.3 0.9 |
| Eclipse 3.9 3.2 0.19 8.7 5.0 1.1 |
| Georgetown |
| 5.7 2.8 0.22 1.9 5.0 0.6 |
| Gnome 4.5 3.5 0.18 4.3 5.0 0.8 |
| Kelly 4.8 4.1 0.18 3.1 4.4 1.5 |
| Marquis 5.5 3.6 0.24 2.7 4.6 0.8 |
| Midnight |
| 3.8 2.6 0.19 1.1 5.0 0.4 |
| Nassau 6.0 3.7 0.19 5.9 4.7 1.1 |
| Ram I 3.4 3.1 0.19 1.0 4.8 0.7 |
| Touchdown |
| 4.1 2.7 0.16 3.4 4.1 1.1 |
| Victa 3.9 3.7 0.27 2.1 4.6 1.3 |
| LSD (.05) |
| 1.0 0.42 0.025 2.50 0.40 0.17 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Hairs3/ |
| Leaf Sheath |
| Variety Margin Ligule Color4/ |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 |
| 0.6 0.7 0.9 |
| Ba 74-114 |
| 0.5 2.1 1.8 |
| Ba 73-366 |
| 0.4 2.2 0.5 |
| Ba 73-381 |
| 0.4 3.6 1.5 |
| Abbey 0.8 1.6 0.2 |
| Adelphi 1.8 1.6 0.4 |
| America 0.4 0.7 1.9 |
| Baron 1.0 3.8 2.6 |
| Bristol 0.4 1.9 2.0 |
| Chateau 1.1 3.1 0.3 |
| Coventry |
| 0.8 1.7 2.0 |
| Eclipse 1.0 1.0 0.2 |
| Georgetown |
| 0.6 2.0 2.0 |
| Gnome 0.9 3.2 1.5 |
| Kelly 1.1 2.5 2.2 |
| Marquis 0.5 3.8 1.5 |
| Midnight |
| 0.4 0.3 2.0 |
| Nassau 2.6 2.4 0.8 |
| Ram I 0.5 1.3 2.0 |
| Touchdown |
| 1.0 1.0 7.7 |
| Victa 1.0 0.8 0.5 |
| LSD (.05) |
| 0.47 0.70 0.76 |
| ______________________________________ |
| 1/ Degrees from the stem |
| 2/ Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = curves up; 5 = no curve; 9 = curves down |
| 3/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many |
| 4/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = no color; 9 = dark purple |
| TABLE 7 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Morphological Comparison of Peduncles, Culms, Node Numbers Per |
| Culm and Internode Length of Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass |
| Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH |
| Culm Top |
| Peduncle Peduncle Length Nodes Internode |
| Variety Length cm |
| Width mm cm Per Culm |
| Length cm |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 |
| 20.0 0.64 36.3 3.0 12.7 |
| Ba 74-114 |
| 24.7 0.71 44.9 3.7 13.4 |
| Ba 73-366 |
| 26.4 0.70 42.7 4.1 9.2 |
| Ba 73-381 |
| 24.3 0.81 39.5 3.1 10.8 |
| Abbey 23.2 0.65 41.3 4.1 11.0 |
| Adelphi 24.5 0.66 40.0 4.0 10.4 |
| America 16.2 0.62 31.8 3.1 11.0 |
| Baron 34.0 0.70 52.8 4.2 12.8 |
| Bristol 22.9 0.73 43.5 4.0 12.6 |
| Chateau 20.7 0.61 38.9 4.4 9.9 |
| Coventry |
| 19.6 0.49 34.7 4.5 7.9 |
| Eclipse 23.7 0.66 39.2 4.9 9.9 |
| Georgetown |
| 21.7 0.68 37.5 3.2 11.1 |
| Gnome 19.4 0.84 35.3 3.1 9.2 |
| Kelly 29.4 0.75 46.6 3.6 11.8 |
| Marquis 27.1 0.83 34.1 3.4 7.8 |
| Midnight |
| 20.5 0.72 29.5 2.8 7.6 |
| Nassau 25.0 0.66 36.0 3.9 7.4 |
| Ram I 22.2 0.69 30.5 2.5 6.6 |
| Touchdown |
| 23.6 0.52 38.0 4.0 8.4 |
| Victa 21.2 0.81 37.9 3.7 10.3 |
| LSD (.05) |
| 3.17 0.077 3.32 0.44 1.94 |
| ______________________________________ |
| TABLE 8 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Morphological Comparison of Vegetative Leaves of Ba 77-279 and Other |
| Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH |
| Thickness |
| Leaf |
| Variety Length cm |
| Width mm mm Angle1/ |
| Curve2/ |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 |
| 17.4 3.4 0.34 67.9 5.5 |
| Ba 74-114 |
| 18.9 4.5 0.36 50.9 5.0 |
| Ba 73-366 |
| 22.9 3.8 0.40 53.0 7.1 |
| Ba 73-381 |
| 22.1 3.3 0.30 62.5 8.2 |
| Abbey 20.7 3.6 0.28 51.3 7.4 |
| Adelphi 19.4 3.7 0.28 67.0 4.6 |
| America 21.4 3.1 0.32 66.0 6.4 |
| Baron 18.2 4.3 0.29 35.0 4.4 |
| Bristol 18.2 3.7 0.32 65.5 6.9 |
| Chateau 23.1 3.3 0.33 39.7 5.4 |
| Coventry |
| 23.4 3.6 0.25 63.0 7.3 |
| Eclipse 20.3 4.4 0.30 65.5 5.4 |
| Georgetown |
| 19.5 3.6 0.29 56.7 5.8 |
| Gnome 18.2 2.9 0.29 43.2 6.6 |
| Kelly 22.8 3.9 0.30 55.5 7.0 |
| Marquis 19.7 3.7 0.38 46.4 7.8 |
| Midnight |
| 19.5 3.5 0.31 63.3 5.0 |
| Nassau 16.3 3.7 0.29 63.2 4.9 |
| Ram I 19.1 3.6 0.27 70.8 6.5 |
| Touchdown |
| 16.7 3.7 0.24 51.3 4.0 |
| Victa 21.5 3.6 0.36 56.3 6.7 |
| LSD (.05) |
| 3.50 0.43 0.044 15.90 1.54 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Hairs3/ |
| Ligule Leaf Leaf Sheath Sheath |
| Variety Length mm |
| Ligule Margin Roughness4/ |
| Color5/ |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 |
| 0.22 1.5 2.0 8.8 0.2 |
| Ba 74-114 |
| 0.14 3.3 2.6 8.7 2.0 |
| Ba 73-366 |
| 0.23 5.2 4.2 8.5 0.0 |
| Ba 73-381 |
| 0.16 3.2 0.7 8.2 2.0 |
| Abbey 0.32 4.4 2.8 7.7 0.0 |
| Adelphi 0.34 2.6 3.4 8.8 0.0 |
| America 0.12 1.7 2.1 8.4 2.0 |
| Baron 0.33 4.6 3.6 7.4 0.4 |
| Bristol 0.12 2.6 3.0 8.9 2.0 |
| Chateau 0.22 3.3 3.1 7.8 0.5 |
| Coventry |
| 0.32 3.1 2.4 8.1 0.3 |
| Eclipse 0.38 2.8 2.6 9.0 0.2 |
| Georgetown |
| 0.14 2.5 2.4 8.5 2.0 |
| Gnome 0.23 1.6 0.8 7.5 1.4 |
| Kelly 0.34 4.6 2.4 8.8 0.0 |
| Marquis 0.21 3.6 1.1 6.8 1.1 |
| Midnight |
| 0.10 1.3 1.6 7.7 2.0 |
| Nassau 0.34 2.5 3.3 8.5 1.4 |
| Ram I 0.09 1.8 2.0 7.7 2.0 |
| Touchdown |
| 0.29 1.4 1.3 7.9 8.0 |
| Victa 0.26 2.3 1.7 7.9 0.1 |
| LSD (.05) |
| 0.045 0.79 0.70 0.89 0.57 |
| ______________________________________ |
| 1/ Degrees from the stem |
| 2/ Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = curves up; 5 = no curve; 9 = curves down |
| 3/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many |
| 4/ Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = rough; 9 = smooth |
| 5/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = no color; 9 = dark purple color |
Ba 77-279 has been an outstanding performer as exhibited by high turf
quality ratings and dark green color at a number of locations across the
U.S. in comparison to other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties. With regard to a
comparataive analysis conducted for purposes of determining color of Ba
77-279 plants relative to other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties, readings
were taken of the vegetative color of Ba 77-279 during mid-May while the
turf was actively growing with adequate nutrient and water availability.
The readings were taken in full sun with several actively growing leaves
being compared, one at a time, utilizing color chips from the Munsell Book
of Color as a reference. On this basis, the color of Ba 77-279 was
determined to be 7.5 GY 4/4. During the same time period, the color of
similar leaves of other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties were determined by
the same procedure to be as follows: Ba 74-114 -- 7.5 GY 4/4; Ba 73-381 --
5 GY 4/4; Ba 73-366 -- 5 GY 4/4; Ba 73-540 -- 5 GY 4/4; Abbey -- 5 GY 3/4;
and Coventry -- 5 GY 4/4. However, it should be noted that the general
apparent color of turf does not always correlate directly with the color
of the individual actively growing leaves within the turf and that turf
color varies with nutrient level and time of year with some varieties
being darker or lighter green depending on such factors.
Ba 77-279 demonstrates a dark green color which can be maintained
throughout the growing season. It also has a medium wide leaf, good
density and seedling vigor. Comparisons of Ba 77-279 with other Kentucky
bluegrass varieties for quality, color, density and seedling vigor are set
forth hereinafter in Tables
| TABLE 9 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Quality of Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass |
| Varieties In Three Tests Conducted at Nineteen (19) Locations in the |
| U.S. in Three Tests Conducted. |
| Test (Annual Means) |
| Variety A B C |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 6.1 6.4 5.9 |
| Ba 73-366 5.5 5.5 5.3 |
| Ba 73-381 5.4 5.6 5.3 |
| Ba 74-114 5.3 5.6 5.1 |
| Abbey 5.5 5.5 5.3 |
| Able I 5.8 6.1 5.9 |
| A-34 5.6 5.7 5.5 |
| Banff 6.0 5.9 5.4 |
| Baron 5.8 5.7 5.3 |
| Classic 5.8 5.9 5.4 |
| Coventry 5.9 6.0 5.7 |
| Eclipse 5.9 6.2 6.0 |
| Estate 5.9 5.9 5.6 |
| Georgetown 5.9 5.9 5.4 |
| Glade 6.2 6.0 5.6 |
| Gnome 5.5 5.5 5.3 |
| Haga 5.9 5.8 5.5 |
| Kelly 5.5 5.4 5.2 |
| Kenblue 4.6 4.5 4.3 |
| Marquis 5.4 5.5 5.4 |
| Merion 4.2 4.8 4.9 |
| Merit 5.4 5.5 5.3 |
| Midnight 6.2 6.4 6.3 |
| Monopoly 5.3 5.5 5.3 |
| Nassau 5.6 5.8 5.2 |
| Ram I 6.1 5.9 5.4 |
| South Dakota 4.1 4.2 4.2 |
| Touchdown 5.5 5.9 5.5 |
| LSD (.05) 0.3 0.2 0.2 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = ideal turf |
| TABLE 10 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Genetic Color of Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky |
| Bluegrass Varieties in Three Tests (A-C) Conducted at Ten (10) |
| Locations in the US |
| TESTS (Annual Means) |
| Variety A B C |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 6.9 6.8 7.2 |
| Ba 74-114 7.0 7.2 7.2 |
| Ba 73-366 5.5 5.5 5.9 |
| Ba 73-381 6.0 5.7 6.4 |
| Abbey 5.6 5.9 5.8 |
| Able I 6.6 6.8 6.8 |
| A-34 5.0 5.4 4.6 |
| Banff 5.1 6.0 5.5 |
| Baron 6.0 6.0 5.9 |
| Classic 5.2 5.9 5.2 |
| Coventry 5.9 5.6 5.8 |
| Eclipse 6.3 6.6 6.4 |
| Estate 5.8 5.3 5.3 |
| Georgetown 5.2 6.1 5.3 |
| Glade 6.7 6.3 6.7 |
| Gnome 6.0 6.1 5.8 |
| Haga 5.1 5.8 5.3 |
| Kelly 5.6 5.7 6.1 |
| Kenblue 4.6 5.0 5.3 |
| Marquis 6.1 6.1 6.4 |
| Merion 5.7 5.8 5.4 |
| Merit 5.7 5.7 6.2 |
| Midnight 7.1 7.3 7.7 |
| Monopoly 4.8 4.9 4.8 |
| Nassau 6.0 6.6 6.5 |
| Ram I 6.7 5.9 6.6 |
| South Dakota 4.5 4.8 4.7 |
| Touchdown 5.5 5.5 5.3 |
| LSD (.05) 0.5 0.4 0.7 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = dark green. |
| TABLE 11 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Fall Density of Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky |
| Bluegrass Varieties at Martinsville, New Jersey |
| Variety Fall Density |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 7.0 |
| Ba 73-366 5.3 |
| Ba 73-381 5.3 |
| Ba 74-114 5.7 |
| Abbey 4.7 |
| Able I 4.7 |
| A-34 5.7 |
| Banff 6.3 |
| Baron 5.7 |
| Classic 6.3 |
| Coventry 6.0 |
| Eclipse 5.3 |
| Estate 5.0 |
| Georgetown 6.7 |
| Glade 5.7 |
| Gnome 6.0 |
| Haga 6.7 |
| Kelly 5.0 |
| Kenblue 5.0 |
| Marquis 5.7 |
| Merion 3.7 |
| Merit 5.3 |
| Midnight 7.3 |
| Monopoly 5.0 |
| Nassau 5.3 |
| Ram I 6.7 |
| South Dakota 3.0 |
| Touchdown 5.7 |
| LSD (.05) 1.4 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ratings Scale: 1-9; 9 = maximum density |
| TABLE 12 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Leaf Texture of Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky |
| Bluegrass Varieties at Martinsville, NJ. |
| Variety Leaf Texture |
| ______________________________________ |
| BA 77-279 5.3 |
| Ba 74-114 4.0 |
| Ba 73-366 4.3 |
| Ba 73-381 4.0 |
| Abbey 5.0 |
| Able I 5.7 |
| A-34 4.3 |
| Banff 5.3 |
| Baron 5.0 |
| Classic 5.3 |
| Coventry 5.0 |
| Eclipse 5.7 |
| Estate 4.3 |
| Georgetown 6.0 |
| Glade 5.0 |
| Gnome 5.3 |
| Haga 5.7 |
| Kelly 4.3 |
| Kenblue 6.0 |
| Marquis 4.3 |
| Merion 4.0 |
| Merit 4.7 |
| Midnight 6.7 |
| Monopoly 5.0 |
| Nassau 5.0 |
| Ram I 5.0 |
| South Dakota 3.7 |
| Touchdown 5.3 |
| LSD (.05) 0.9 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = very fine |
| TABLE 13 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Seedling Vigor of Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky |
| Bluegrass Varieties at Six Locations in the the U.S. and Canada* |
| Variety Seedling Vigor Mean |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 6.2 |
| Ba 73-366 6.3 |
| Ba 73-381 6.3 |
| Ba 74-114 5.3 |
| Abbey 6.4 |
| Able I 6.3 |
| A-34 6.0 |
| Banff 7.7 |
| Baron 6.7 |
| Classic 7.1 |
| Coventry 6.1 |
| Eclipse 6.1 |
| Estate 6.1 |
| Georgetown 7.0 |
| Glade 6.7 |
| Gnome 6.3 |
| Haga 7.1 |
| Kelly 6.6 |
| Kenblue 7.4 |
| Marquis 6.3 |
| Merion 2.6 |
| Merit 6.4 |
| Midnight 5.4 |
| Monopoly 7.1 |
| Nassau 6.4 |
| Ram I 6.5 |
| South Dakota 6.7 |
| Touchdown 5.8 |
| LSD (.05) 0.7 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Maximum vigor |
| Locations: Fort Collins, CO; Post Falls, ID; North Brunswick, NJ; Adelphi |
| NJ; Richmond Hill, Ontario; pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, |
| OR. |
Turf diseases are one of the major causes of inconsistent and poor turf
performance. Ba 77-279 has been found to have a high level of resistance
to leaf spot and melting out caused by Drechslera poae (formerly called
Helminthosporium vagans). Ba 77-279 furthermore has been found to have a
medium to high level of resistance to dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia
homoecarpa and to several rust diseases caused by Puccinia spp.
Comparisons of disease incidence of Ba 77-279 as compared with other
Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in regard to leaf spot, dollar spot, and
rusts, are presented in Tables 14-18.
| TABLE 14 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Leaf Spot Incidence in Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky |
| Bluegrass Varieties in Two (2) Tests Conducted at Seven (7) Locations |
| in the U.S. |
| Means |
| Variety Test 1* Test 2** |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 6.0 7.4 |
| Ba 73-366 4.3 5.1 |
| Ba 73-381 2.0 5.8 |
| Ba 74-114 4.7 6.8 |
| Abbey 4.7 5.1 |
| Able I 6.0 7.1 |
| A-34 4.7 5.4 |
| Banff 4.7 5.9 |
| Baron 4.0 5.4 |
| Classic 3.3 5.4 |
| Coventry 3.7 5.8 |
| Eclipse 6.3 7.4 |
| Estate 4.0 5.9 |
| Georgetown 6.0 6.3 |
| Glade 3.0 4.8 |
| Gnome 3.7 5.7 |
| Haga 3.7 5.9 |
| Kelly 4.7 5.1 |
| Kenblue 1.7 1.8 |
| Marquis 3.7 5.6 |
| Merion 7.3 7.3 |
| Merit 4.3 5.4 |
| Midnight 5.7 6.6 |
| Monopoly 4.3 5.2 |
| Nassau 4.3 6.2 |
| Ram I 4.3 4.9 |
| South Dakota 1.0 1.8 |
| Touchdown 5.3 6.3 |
| LSD (.05) 1.5 0.7 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease |
| *Locations: Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR. |
| **Locations: Post Falls, ID; North Brunswick and Adelphia, NJ; Marysville |
| OH LSD |
| TABLE 15 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Dollar Spot Disease Incidence of Ba 77-279 and Other |
| Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in Three (3) Tests Conducted at Five (5) |
| Locations in the U.S. |
| Means |
| Variety Test A1 |
| Test B2 |
| Test C3 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 8.3 7.8 7.0 |
| Ba 73-366 8.3 7.1 6.2 |
| Ba 73-381 7.3 6.6 6.4 |
| Ba 74-114 8.3 7.9 4.8 |
| Abbey 8.0 6.8 6.3 |
| Able I 8.3 6.8 6.1 |
| A-34 7.7 6.7 6.0 |
| Banff 7.7 6.4 6.2 |
| Baron 7.7 6.9 6.8 |
| Classic 8.0 7.4 6.3 |
| Coventry 7.7 5.9 5.9 |
| Eclipse 8.3 7.5 7.2 |
| Estate 8.3 5.3 5.6 |
| Georgetown 8.0 6.9 6.1 |
| Glade 7.7 7.0 6.4 |
| Gnome 8.0 6.7 6.1 |
| Haga 7.7 6.3 6.2 |
| Kelly 8.0 7.3 6.3 |
| Kenblue 8.0 6.8 6.8 |
| Marquis 8.0 6.8 6.7 |
| Merion 7.7 6.9 6.1 |
| Merit 8.0 6.8 6.7 |
| Midnight 8.3 8.0 6.6 |
| Monopoly 8.0 7.1 6.7 |
| Nassau 8.0 7.4 6.7 |
| Ram I 7.3 6.0 4.9 |
| South Dakota |
| 8.0 7.3 5.8 |
| Touchdown 8.0 6.8 6.1 |
| LSD (.05) 0.9 1.1 0.8 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease |
| 1 Locations: Kingston, RI |
| 2 Locations: Urbana, IL; Adelphia, NJ; Kingston, RI; Haymarket, VA |
| 3 Locations: Urbana, IL; Silver Spring, MD; Kingston, RI |
| TABLE 16 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Stem Rust Disease Incidence in Ba 77-279 and Other |
| Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Kingston, R.I. |
| Variety Stem Rust |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 7.3 |
| Ba 73-366 6.7 |
| Ba 73-381 7.3 |
| Ba 74-114 5.7 |
| Abbey 7.0 |
| Able I 3.3 |
| A-34 4.3 |
| Banff 7.7 |
| Baron 7.0 |
| Classic 8.0 |
| Coventry 6.7 |
| Eclipse 4.0 |
| Estate 6.3 |
| Georgetown 8.7 |
| Glade 7.7 |
| Gnome 7.0 |
| Haga 8.0 |
| Kelly 8.0 |
| Kenblue 5.7 |
| Marquis 6.7 |
| Merion 1.0 |
| Merit 6.3 |
| Midnight 8.0 |
| Monopoly 6.3 |
| Nassau 8.0 |
| Ram I 8.0 |
| South Dakota 4.3 |
| Touchdown 2.3 |
| LSD (.05) 1.4 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease |
| TABLE 17 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Leaf Rust Disease Incidence in Ba 77-279 and Other |
| Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Kingston, R.I. |
| Variety Leaf Rust |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 6.0 |
| Ba 74-114 6.7 |
| Ba 73-366 5.7 |
| Ba 73-381 6.3 |
| Abbey 6.3 |
| Able I 7.0 |
| A-34 6.0 |
| Banff 7.0 |
| Baron 8.3 |
| Classic 8.7 |
| Coventry 7.0 |
| Eclipse 5.7 |
| Estate 6.3 |
| Georgetown 7.7 |
| Glade 7.0 |
| Gnome 6.7 |
| Haga 7.0 |
| Kelly 5.0 |
| Kenblue 6.7 |
| Marquis 6.3 |
| Merion 2.3 |
| Merit 6.0 |
| Midnight 6.0 |
| Monopoly 5.3 |
| Nassau 7.0 |
| Ram I 6.7 |
| South Dakota 6.7 |
| Touchdown 3.7 |
| LSD (.05) 2.4 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease |
| TABLE 18 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Stripe Rust Disease Incidence in Ba 77-279 and Other |
| Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in Tests Conducted at Three Locations1/ |
| in |
| Oregon |
| Variety Stripe Rust |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 6.0 |
| Ba 74-114 6.7 |
| Ba 73-366 5.0 |
| Ba 73-381 4.7 |
| Abbey 4.3 |
| Able I 6.0 |
| A-34 5.0 |
| Banff 6.0 |
| Baron 6.0 |
| Classic 6.3 |
| Coventry 5.0 |
| Eclipse 6.0 |
| Estate 5.7 |
| Georgetown 6.3 |
| Glade 3.0 |
| Gnome 4.7 |
| Haga 6.3 |
| Kelly 5.0 |
| Kenblue 3.3 |
| Marquis 5.3 |
| Merion 3.7 |
| Merit 5.0 |
| Midnight 4.7 |
| Monopoly 5.3 |
| Nassau 5.3 |
| Ram I 6.0 |
| South Dakota 4.0 |
| Touchdown 3.0 |
| LSD (.05) 1.2 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease |
| 1/ Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, Oregon. |
Ba 77-279 has shown good drought tolerance and has a medium seed yielding
capability. Comparisons for drought tolerance and seed yields of Ba 77-279
with other Kentucky Bluegrass are presented in Table 19-20.
| TABLE 19 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Drought Tolerance of Ba 77-279 and Other Kentucky |
| Bluegrass Varieties at Carbondale, IL. |
| Variety Drought Tolerance |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 5.0 |
| Ba 73-366 3.0 |
| Ba 73-381 2.0 |
| Ba 74-114 3.0 |
| Abbey 3.7 |
| Able I 4.0 |
| A-34 4.0 |
| Banff 4.7 |
| Baron 3.0 |
| Classic 3.7 |
| Coventry 4.3 |
| Eclipse 4.0 |
| Estate 4.7 |
| Georgetown 4.0 |
| Glade 3.7 |
| Gnome 3.3 |
| Haga 4.0 |
| Kelly 2.7 |
| Kenblue 2.7 |
| Marquis 3.3 |
| Merion 3.7 |
| Merit 2.7 |
| Midnight 4.3 |
| Monopoly 2.7 |
| Nassau 3.3 |
| Ram I 4.7 |
| South Dakota 2.7 |
| Touchdown 4.7 |
| LSD (.05) 1.6 |
| ______________________________________ |
| Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no dormancy |
| TABLE 20 |
| ______________________________________ |
| A Comparison of Seed Yield in Pounds Per Acre of Ba 77-279 and |
| Coventry Kentucky Bluegrass In Two (2) Tests Conducted at Gervais, |
| Oregon. |
| Test A Test B |
| ______________________________________ |
| Ba 77-279 672 382 |
| Coventry 568 425 |
| LSD (.05) 162 97 |
| ______________________________________ |
Meier, Virgil D., Burr, Jay B.
| Patent |
Priority |
Assignee |
Title |
| PP10384, |
Dec 10 1996 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
Ba 78-258 Kentucky Bluegrass |
| PP10925, |
Oct 14 1997 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
Kentucky Bluegrass, named `Ba74-17` |
| PP11520, |
Jul 22 1998 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
Kentucky bluegrass designated `Ba79-260` |
| PP11536, |
Feb 27 1998 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
Kentucky bluegrass designated `Ba87-102` |
| PP11647, |
Jul 22 1998 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
Kentucky bluegrass designated `Ba76-372` |
| PP11987, |
May 24 2000 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
Kentucky bluegrass designated `Ba75-173` |
| PP12435, |
Nov 10 2000 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
Kentucky bluegrass designated `Ba81-227` |
| PP18439, |
Aug 19 2005 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
Hybrid variety of (Texas Bluegrass×Kentucky Bluegrass)×Kentucky Bluegrass designated ‘HB 329’ |
| PP18467, |
Aug 06 2004 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
Hybrid variety of Texas X kentucky bluegrass designated ‘HB 129’ |
| PP18934, |
Aug 17 2006 |
OMS INVESTMENTS, INC |
Hybrid variety of bluegrass designated ‘HB 328’ |
| PP21045, |
Feb 22 2008 |
OMS INVESTMENTS, INC |
Hybrid variety of Texas×Kentucky bluegrass designated ‘HB 128’ |
| Patent |
Priority |
Assignee |
Title |
| 3156, |
|
|
|
| 3186, |
|
|
|
| PP4336, |
Dec 27 1977 |
The O. M. Scott & Sons Company |
Kentucky bluegrass |
| PP6280, |
Sep 19 1986 |
The O.M. Scott & Sons Company |
Kentucky bluegrass |
| PP6537, |
Mar 17 1987 |
The O. M. Scott & Sons Company |
Kentucky bluegrass `Ba 72-492` |
| PP6538, |
Mar 17 1987 |
The O.M. Scott & Sons Company |
Kentucky bluegrass--BA 70-139 |
| PP6585, |
May 29 1987 |
The O. M. Scott & Sons Company |
Kentucky bluegrass |
| PP7831, |
Jun 22 1990 |
The O.M. Scott & Sons Company, Inc. |
Ba 73-626 Kentucky Bluegrass |
| PP8490, |
Jan 14 1992 |
The O. M. Scott & Sons Company |
BA 73-540 Kentucky Bluegrass |
| PP9036, |
Sep 23 1993 |
The O. M. Scott and Sons Company |
BA 73-366 Kentucky bluegrass |
| PP9209, |
Sep 19 1994 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
`BA 73-381` Kentucky bluegrass |
| PP9611, |
May 30 1995 |
OMS Investments, Inc. |
`Ba 69-82 ` Kentucky Bluegrass |
| Executed on | Assignor | Assignee | Conveyance | Frame | Reel | Doc |
| Feb 23 1996 | | OMS Investments, Inc. | (assignment on the face of the patent) | | / |
| Date |
Maintenance Fee Events |
n/a
| Date |
Maintenance Schedule |
n/a