DC to DC converters and controllers thereof

Abstract

In a controller for a DC to DC converter, pwm signal generating circuitry generates a set of pwm signals phase-shifted relative to one another, and controls states of the pwm signals according to a set of control signals. Each pwm signal of the pwm signals has an on-time state and an off-time state. ramp signal generating circuitry, coupled to the pwm signal generating circuitry, generates a set of ramp signals having substantially the same ramp slope. Each ramp signal of the ramp signals is generated in response to detecting an on-time state of a corresponding pwm signal of the pwm signals. Additionally, a comparing circuit, coupled to the pwm and ramp signal generating circuitry, alternately compares the ramp signals with a preset reference to generate the control signals. A corresponding control signal of the control signals changes the corresponding pwm signal from the on-time state to an off-time state.

Description

RELATED UNITED STATES PATENT APPLICATION

This application is a Continuation Application of and claims priority to the co-pending and commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/326,196, filed on Jul. 8, 2014, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a conventional multi-phase DC to DC (direct-current to direct-current) converter such as a two-phase DC to DC converter 100. The DC to DC converter 100 includes two controllers 102, two switching circuits 104, two inductors 108, and an output capacitor 110. Each switching circuit 104 includes a high-side switch Q1 and a low-side switch Q2. In operation, each controller 102 generates a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to turn on corresponding switches Q1 and Q2 alternately, to cause a ripple inductor current I_L through a corresponding inductor 108. Inductor currents I_L through the inductors 108 are superimposed to charge the output capacitor 110, to produce an output voltage V_OUT at the output capacitor 110. The controllers 102 can control duty cycles of their corresponding PWM signals to regulate the output voltage V_OUT.

However, since the DC to DC converter 100 utilizes independent controllers 102 to control duty cycles of the PWM signals, the PWM signals may have different pulse widths caused by differences between the controllers 102. Consequently, the inductor currents I_L through the inductors 108 may be unbalanced from each other, which causes error in the output voltage V_OUT and reduces performance of the DC to DC converter 100.

SUMMARY

Thus, there is a need for a controller that balances inductor currents in a multi-phase DC to DC converter. Embodiments according to the present invention provide such a controller.

In one embodiment, in a controller for a DC to DC converter, PWM signal generating circuitry generates a set of PWM signals phase-shifted relative to one another, and controls states of the PWM signals according to a set of control signals. Each PWM signal of the PWM signals has an on-time state and an off-time state. In the controller, ramp signal generating circuitry is coupled to the PWM signal generating circuitry and generates a set of ramp signals having substantially the same ramp slope. Each ramp signal of the ramp signals is generated in response to detecting an on-time state of a corresponding PWM signal of the PWM signals. Additionally, a comparing circuit is coupled to the PWM signal generating circuitry and the ramp signal generating circuitry, and alternately compares the ramp signals with a preset reference to generate the control signals. A corresponding control signal of the control signals changes the corresponding PWM signal from the on-time state to an off-time state.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features and advantages of embodiments of the claimed subject matter will become apparent as the following detailed description proceeds, and upon reference to the drawings, wherein like numerals depict like parts, and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a conventional DC to DC converter.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a DC to DC converter, in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates a circuit diagram of an example of a controller for a DC to DC converter, in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a timing diagram of examples of signals associated with a controller, in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a timing diagram of examples of signals associated with a DC to DC converter, in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a DC to DC converter, in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a controller for a DC to DC converter, in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of examples of operations performed by a controller, in an embodiment according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention. While the invention will be described in conjunction with these embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present invention.

An embodiment according to the present invention provides a multi-phase DC to DC converter. The DC to DC converter includes multiple inductive components, and can generate a set of PWM signals to control currents through the inductive components and thereby controlling output power of the DC to DC converter. The DC to DC converter can control states of the PWM signals such that the currents through the inductive components are balanced with one another. Advantageously, compared with a conventional multi-phase DC to DC converter, the DC to DC converter in an embodiment according to the present invention can have an output voltage with less error and with enhanced performance.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a multi-phase DC to DC converter 200, in an embodiment according to the present invention. In the example of FIG. 2, the DC to DC converter 200 is a buck converter that converts an input voltage V_IN at a high-side terminal 218 to an output voltage V_OUT at a low-side terminal 220, and the output voltage is less than the input voltage. However, the invention is not so limited. In another embodiment, the DC to DC converter 200 is a boost converter that converts an input voltage at the low-side terminal 220 to an output voltage at the high-side terminal 218, and the output voltage is greater than the input voltage. In yet another embodiment, the DC to DC converter 200 is a buck-boost converter. As shown in FIG. 2, the DC to DC converter 200 includes a comparator 202, a controller 204, driver circuits 206 and 226, switching circuits 208 and 210, inductors 212 and 214, and an output capacitor C_OUT. The switching circuit 208 includes a high-side switch Q1₂₀₈ and a low-side switch Q2₂₀₈. The switching circuit 210 includes a high-side switch Q1₂₁₀ and a low-side switch Q2₂₁₀.

In one embodiment, the controller 204 has a power supply input terminal (labeled “VIN”) to receive the input voltage V_IN, an input terminal (labeled “PULSE”) to receive a comparison signal S_PUL from the comparator 202, and an input terminal (labeled “PRE”) to receive a preset reference V_PRE. The controller 204 also has an output terminal (labeled “PWM1”) to provide a first PWM signal (hereinafter, signal PWM1) and an output terminal (labeled “PWM2”) to provide a second PWM signal (hereinafter, signal PWM2). The comparator 202 can compare the output voltage V_OUT with a reference voltage V_SET to generate the comparison signal S_PUL.

As shown in FIG. 2, each switching circuit 208 or 214 is coupled to a corresponding inductor 212 or 214, and can be used to allow a current to flow through the inductor. By way of example, when the high-side switch Q1₂₀₈ is on and the low-side switch Q2₂₀₈ is off, the inductor 212 receives power from the high-side terminal 218 to increase an inductor current I_L212 through the inductor 212. When the high-side switch Q1₂₀₈ is off and the low-side switch Q2₂₀₈ is on, the inductor 212 discharges power to a load (not shown) coupled to the low-side terminal 220 to decrease the inductor current I_L212. Thus, by turning the switches Q1₂₀₈ and Q2₂₀₈ on and off alternately (when one switch is off, the other is on, and vice versa), a ripple inductor current I_L212 is generated to flow through the inductor 212. Similarly, by turning the switches Q1₂₁₀ and Q2₂₁₀ on and off alternately, a ripple inductor current I_L214 is generated to flow through the inductor 214. The ripple inductor currents I_L212 and I_L214 are superimposed to charge the output capacitor C_OUT, so as to provide the output voltage V_OUT at the low-side terminal 220. In one embodiment, the signal PWM1 is generated to turn the switches Q1₂₀₈ and Q2₂₀₈ on and off alternately, and the signal PWM2 is generated to turn switches Q1₂₁₀ and Q2₂₁₀ on and off alternately.

In one embodiment, the controller 204 receives a comparison signal S_PUL from the comparator 202, and alternately generates signal pulses PWM1 and PWM2 according to the comparison signal S_PUL such that the output voltage V_OUT is adjusted to the reference voltage V_SET. More specifically, in one embodiment, the output voltage V_OUT is a ripple voltage that alternately increases and decreases across the reference voltage V_SET. Hence, the comparator 202 can output a comparison signal S_PUL having multiple signal pulses. In the example of FIG. 2, each pulse of the comparison signal S_PUL indicates a situation in which the output voltage V_OUT is less than the reference voltage V_SET. When the controller 204 detects a first pulse of the comparison signal S_PUL, the controller 204 can generate a signal pulse at its output terminal PWM1 to control the switching circuit 208 such that a ripple of the inductor current I_L214 is generated. When the controller 204 detects a second pulse of the comparison signal S_PUL, the controller 204 can generate a signal pulse at its output terminal PWM2 to control the switching circuit 210 such that a ripple of the inductor current I_L214 is generated. Thus, when the output voltage V_OUT is less than the reference voltage V_SET, ripples of the inductor currents I_L212 and I_L214 can be generated to increase the output voltage V_OUT. As a result, the output voltage V_OUT is adjusted to the reference voltage V_SET.

Additionally, in one embodiment, the controller 204 generates a first ramp signal RP1 and a second ramp signal RP2 (not shown in FIG. 2) which have substantially the same ramp slope. The controller 204 can also control states of the signal PWM1 and PWM2 by comparing the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 with the same preset reference V_PRE. Advantageously, in one embodiment, the controller 204 can control the signals PWM1 and PWM2 to have substantially the same on-time interval according to the comparison of the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 with the preset reference V_PRE. As a result, the inductor currents I_L212 and I_L214 can have substantially the same ripple magnitude, e.g., be balanced with each other.

FIG. 3 illustrates a circuit diagram of an example of a controller 300, in an embodiment according to the present invention. The controller 300 can be one embodiment of the controller 204 in FIG. 2. Elements labeled the same as in FIG. 2 have similar functions. FIG. 3 is described in combination with FIG. 2.

In one embodiment, the controller 300 includes ramp signal generating circuitry 352, a comparing circuit 358, PWM signal generating circuitry 354, and select signal generating circuitry 356. The PWM signal generating circuitry 354 (hereinafter, PWM circuitry 354) can generate a set of PWM signals, e.g., including a signal PWM1 and a signal PWM2, phase-shifted relative to one another, and control states of the PWM signals according to a set of control signals, e.g., including a first control signal VC1 and a second control signal VC2. Each PWM signal of the PWM signals has an on-time state and an off-time state. As used herein, “on-time state” means a state in which a PWM signal, e.g., PWM1 or PWM2, controls a switching circuit, e.g., 208 or 210, such that an inductor current flowing through a corresponding inductor, e.g., 212 or 214, increases. In one embodiment, a time interval during which the PWM signal is in the on-time state can be referred to as an “on-time interval” of the PWM signal. As used herein, “off-time state” means a state in which the PWM signal controls the switching circuit such that the inductor current decreases. In the examples of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the signal PWM1 is in an on-time state when it is at logic high, and is in an off-time state when it is at logic low; and similarly, the signal PWM2 is in an on-time state when it is at logic high, and is in an off-time state when it is at logic low.

The ramp signal generating circuitry 352 (hereinafter, ramp circuitry 352) can generate a set of ramp signals, e.g., including a first ramp signal RP1 and a second ramp signal RP2, having substantially the same ramp slope. Each ramp signal of the ramp signals is generated in response to an on-time state of a corresponding PWM signal of the PWM signals. By way of example, the ramp signal RP1 is generated in response to an on-time state of the signal PWM1, and the ramp signal RP2 is generated in response to an on-time state of the signal PWM2.

The comparing circuit 358 can alternately compare the ramp signals with a preset reference V_PRE to generate the control signals, e.g., VC1 and VC2. Each control signal of the control signals changes a corresponding PWM signal of the PWM signals from an on-time state to an off-time state. By way of example, the control signal VC1 controls the signal PWM1 to be in an off-time state, and the control signal VC2 controls the signal PWM2 to be an off-time state. In one embodiment, the controller 204 can balance the above mentioned inductor currents I_L212 and I_L214 based the comparing of the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 with the preset reference Vp_PRE.

More specifically, in one embodiment, the PWM circuitry 354 includes a first selector 326, a set-reset (SR) latch 330, an SR latch 332, a delayer 334, and a delayer 336. The first selector 326 can receive the comparison signal S_PUL at its input terminal (labeled “IN”), and generate pulses at its output terminals (labeled “OUT1” and “OUT2”) alternately according to the comparison signal S_PUL. The pulses generated at the output terminal OUT1 of the first selector 326 can be referred to as trigger signals PULSE1, and the pulses generated at the output terminal OUT2 of the first selector 326 can be referred to as trigger signals PULSE2. The first selector 326 can also receive select signals at its select terminals (labeled “SELL” and “SEL2”) to determine which signal of the trigger signals PULSE1 and PULSE2 is generated. In other words, select signals at the select terminals SEL1 and SEL2 can determine which output terminal OUT1 or OUT2 of the first selector 326 is to be enabled. In one embodiment, the first selector 326 can enable its output terminal OUT2 on detection of a rising edge of a signal at its select terminal SEL1, and enable its output terminal OUT1 on detection of a rising edge of a signal at its select terminal SEL2. In one embodiment, in response to a first pulse of the comparison signal S_PUL, the first selector 326 outputs a trigger signal PULSE1. The SR latch 330 can set the signal PWM1 to be logic high, e.g., in an on-time state, via its non-inverting output terminal (labeled “Q”) on detection of the trigger signal PULSE1 at its set terminal (labeled “S”). When the delayer 334 detects the logic-high level of the signal PWM1 at its input terminal (labeled “IN”), the delayer 334 can generate a select signal DLY, e.g., at logic high, with a predetermined delay Δt_D. The select signal DLY is sent to the select terminal SEL1 of the first selector 326 to enable the output terminal OUT2, so that the first selector 326 can generate a trigger signal PULSE2 if a second pulse, e.g., next to the first pulse, of the comparison signal S_PUL occurs. In a similar manner, the SR latch 332 can set the signal PWM2 to be logic high, e.g., in an on-time state, on detection of a trigger signal PULSE2. When the delayer 336 detects the logic-high level of the signal PWM2, the delayer 336 can generate a select signal DLY′, e.g., at logic high, with a predetermined delay Δt_D. The select signal DLY′ is sent to the select terminal SEL2 of the first selector 326 to enable the output terminal OUT1, so that the first selector 326 can generate another trigger signal PULSE1 if a third pulse, e.g., next to the second pulse, of the comparison signal S_PUL occurs. Operations of the delayers 334 and 336 will be described in combination with FIG. 5. As mentioned above, the comparison signal S_PUL is generated according to comparison between the output voltage V_OUT and a reference voltage V_SET. Accordingly, the PWM circuitry 354 can generate a set of trigger signals, e.g., including the PULSE1 and PULSE2, according to output power such as an output voltage V_OUT of the DC to DC converter 200. The PWM circuitry 354 can also control the signal PWM1 or PWM2 to be in an on-time state upon detection of a corresponding trigger signal PULSE1 or PULSE2.

Additionally, in one embodiment, the PWM circuitry 354 can control the signal PWM1 or PWM2 to be in an off-time state according to a control signal, e.g., VC1 or VC2, from the comparing circuit 358. By way of example, the control signal VC1 can be a signal pulse, and the signal pulse can be sent to a reset terminal (labeled “R”) of the SR latch 330. On detection of the control signal VC1, e.g., a signal pulse, the SR latch 330 resets its non-inverting output terminal Q, and therefore the signal PWM1 turns to logic low, e.g., an off-time state. Similarly, on detection of a control signal VC2, e.g., a signal pulse, the SR latch 332 resets its non-inverting output terminal Q, and therefore the signal PWM2 turns to logic low, e.g., an off-time state.

In one embodiment, the ramp circuitry 352 includes a set of capacitive components (e.g., including capacitors 308 and 316), switching circuitry (e.g., including charge switches 306 and 314 and discharge switches 310 and 318), and a set of resistive components (e.g., including resistors 304 and 312). The switching circuitry can be used to deliver a set of currents, e.g., including currents I_C308 and I_C316, to charge the capacitive components, and be used to discharge the capacitive components. Thus, ramp signals, e.g., RP1 and RP2, are generated at the capacitive components. By way of example, when the charge switch 306 is on and the discharge switch 310 is off, a current I_C308 is generated through the resistor 304 and the charge switch 306 to charge the capacitor 308, and a voltage at a terminal 342 of the capacitor 308 increases. When the charge switch 306 is off and the discharge switch 310 is on, the capacitor 308 discharges to ground through the switch discharge 310, and the voltage at the terminal 342 drops to, e.g., zero volts. Thus, the voltage at the terminal 342 of the capacitor 308 can have, e.g., a triangular shape, and can be referred to as a first ramp signal RP1. Similarly, a voltage at a terminal 344 of the capacitor 316 can have, e.g., a triangular shape, and can be referred to as a second ramp signal RP2.

In one embodiment, the ramp circuitry 352 can detect the states of the signals PWM1 and PWM2. In response to detecting an on-time state of the signal PWM1 or PWM2, the ramp circuitry 352 can control the switch circuitry to allow a current to charge a corresponding capacitor 308 or 316 that provides a corresponding ramp signal RP1 or RP2, and starts to increase the corresponding ramp signal RP1 or RP2. More specifically, referring to FIG. 3, the non-inverting output terminal Q of the SR latch 330, configured to generate the signal PWM1, is coupled to a control terminal such as a gate electrode of the charge switch 306, and the inverting output terminal QB of the SR latch 330, configured to generate a reverse version of the signal PWM1, is coupled to a control terminal such as a gate electrode of the discharge switch 310. If the signal PWM1 is in an on-time state, e.g., logic high, then the charge switch 306 is turned on and the discharge switch 310 is turned off, the capacitor 308 is charged by the current I_C308, and the ramp signal RP1 increases. Similarly, if the signal PWM2 is in an on-time state, e.g., logic high, then the charge switch 314 is turned on and the discharge switch 318 is turned off, the capacitor 316 is charged by the current I_C312, and the ramp signal RP2 increases.

Additionally, in one embodiment, the ramp circuitry 352 can control the switch circuitry to discharge the capacitor 308 or 316 in response to a corresponding control signal VC1 or VC2 from the comparing circuit 358. By way of example, upon detection of a control signal VC1, e.g., a signal pulse, the SR latch 330 resets its output terminals Q and QB, and therefore the signal PWM1 turns to logic low, e.g., an off-time state. Thus, the switch charge 306 is off, the discharge switch 310 is on, and the capacitor 308 discharges to ground through the discharge switch 310.

In one embodiment, the ramp circuitry 352 also includes a ramp signal select circuit, e.g., including select switches 320 and 322 (hereinafter, select circuit 320-322). The select circuit 320-322 can be controlled by select signals SR1 and SR2 from the select signal generating circuitry 356, which are generated according to the signals PWM1 and PWM2. Thus, the select circuit 320-322 can select a ramp signal of the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 to be output to the comparing circuit 358 according to the signals PWM1 and PWM2. More specifically, with reference to FIG. 3, the select signal generating circuitry 356 includes SR latches 338 and 340. The SR latch 338 has a set terminal (labeled “S”) coupled to the inverting output terminal QB of the SR latch 330 to receive a reverse version of the signal PWM1, has a reset terminal (labeled “R”) coupled to the inverting output terminal QB of the SR latch 332 to receive a reverse version of the signal PWM2, and has an inverting output terminal (labeled “QB”) to generate the select signal SR1 to control the select switch 320. Similarly, the SR latch 340 has a set terminal S to receive a reverse version of the signal PWM2, a reset terminal R to receive a reverse version of the signal PWM1, and an inverting output terminal QB to generate the select signal SR2 to control the select switch 322. Thus, when the signal PWM1 changes from logic high to logic low, the reverse version of the signal PWM1 changes from logic low to logic high, which sets the select signal SR1 to logic low and the select signal SR2 to logic high. The select switch 320 is off, and the select switch 322 is on. Hence, the ramp signal RP2 is selected and is provided to the comparing circuit 358 through the turned-on switch 322. Similarly, when the signal PWM2 changes from logic high to logic low, the ramp signal RP1 is selected and is provided to the comparing circuit 358 through the turned-on switch 320.

In one embodiment, the comparing circuit 358 generates the control signal VC1 or VC2, e.g., a signal pulse, when a corresponding ramp signal RP1 or RP2 increases to the above mentioned preset reference V_PRE. More specifically, with reference to FIG. 3, the comparing circuit 358 includes a comparator 324 and a second selector 328. As mentioned above, pulses of the signals PWM1 and PWM2 are generated alternately, therefore the select switches 320 and 322 are turned on alternately, and the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 are provided to the comparator 324 alternately. The comparator 324 alternately compares the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 with the preset reference V_PRE to generate a comparison signal VC. The comparison signal VC includes multiple pulses. Similar to the first selector 326, the second selector 328 can receive the pulses of the comparison signal VC, and selectively transfers the pulses to its output terminals OUT1 and OUT2. The pulses generated at the output terminal OUT1 of the second selector 328 can be referred to as control signals VC1, and the pulses generated at the output terminal OUT2 of the second selector 328 can be referred to as control signals VC2. The second selector 328 also receives select signals at its select terminals (labeled “SEL1” and “SEL2”) to determine which output terminal OUT1 or OUT2 the pulse of the comparison signal VC is transferred to. In other words, select signals at the select terminals SEL1 and SEL2 can determine which output terminal OUT1 or OUT2 of the second selector 328 to be enabled. In one embodiment, if the delayer 334 detects that the signal PWM1 changes from logic high to logic low, the delayer 334 can generate a select signal DLYB, e.g., at logic high, at its inverting output terminal (labeled “DLYB”). The select signal DLYB is sent to the select terminal SEL1 of the second selector 328 to enable the output terminal OUT2. Additionally, as mentioned above, when the signal PWM1 changes from logic high to logic low, the ramp signal RP2 is selected and is provided to the comparing circuit 358 through the turned-on switch 322. Thus, a result of a comparison between the ramp signal RP2 and the preset reference V_PRE is transferred to the output terminal OUT2 of the second selector 328, and the second selector 328 can generate a control signal VC2, e.g., a signal pulse, when the ramp signal RP2 increases to the preset reference V_PRE. Similarly, if the signal PWM2 changes from logic high to logic low, then a result of a comparison between the ramp signal RP1 and the preset reference V_PRE is transferred to the output terminal OUT1, and the second selector 328 can generate a control signal VC1, e.g., a signal pulse, when the ramp signal RP1 increases to the preset reference V_PRE.

Operations performed by the controller 300 are described with reference to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates a timing diagram of examples of the ramp signals RP1 and RP2, the comparison signal S_PUL, the trigger signals PULSE1 and PULSE2, the comparison signal VC, the control signals VC1 and VC2, and the signals PWM1 and PWM2, in an embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is described in combination with FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

In operation, in one embodiment, when the output voltage V_OUT is less than the reference voltage V_SET, e.g., at time t_i, the first selector 326 receives a comparison signal S_PUL at logic high, and outputs a trigger signal PULSE1, e.g., a signal pulse. The SR latch 330 receives the trigger signal PULSE1, and sets the signal PWM1 to be logic high. The signal PWM1 at logic high can cause the output voltage V_OUT to increase above the reference voltage V_SET, and therefore the comparison signal S_PUL can turn to logic low. The signal PWM1 at logic high can also cause the first selector 326 to enable its output terminal OUT2 such that a trigger signal PULSE2 is generated if a next pulse of the comparison signal S_PUL occurs. At time t_i, the SR latch 330 also turns on the charge switch 306 and turns off the discharge switch 310, and therefore the ramp signal RP1 increases. When the ramp signal RP1 increases to the preset reference V_PRE, e.g., at time t_j, the comparing circuit 358 generates a control signal VC1, e.g., a signal pulse. The SR latch 330 receives the control signal VC1 and changes the signal PWM1 from logic high to logic low. The SR latch 330 also turns off the charge switch 306 and turns on the discharge switch 310, and therefore the ramp signal RP1 drops to, e.g., zero volts. The signal PWM1 at logic low can cause a comparison result between the ramp signal RP2 and the preset reference V_PRE to be transferred to the output terminal OUT2 of the second selector 328. The signal PWM1 at logic low can also cause the output voltage V_OUT to decrease. When the output voltage V_OUT decreases to be less the reference voltage V_SET, e.g., at time t_m, the comparison signal S_PUL turns to logic high, and the first selector 326 generates a trigger signal PULSE2, e.g., a signal pulse. Similar to the SR latch 330, the SR latch 332 receives the trigger signal PULSE2, and sets the signal PWM2 to logic high. The signal PWM2 at logic high can cause the output voltage V_OUT to increase above the reference voltage V_SET, and therefore the comparison signal S_PUL can turn to logic low. The signal PWM2 at logic high can also cause the first selector 326 to enable its output terminal OUT1 such that another trigger signal PULSE1 is generated if a next pulse of the comparison signal S_PUL occurs. At time t_m, the SR latch 332 also turns on the charge switch 314 and turns off the discharge switch 318, and therefore the ramp signal RP2 increases. When the ramp signal RP2 increases to the preset reference V_PRE, e.g., at time t_n, the comparing circuit 358 generates a control signal VC2, e.g., a signal pulse. The SR latch 332 receives the control signal VC2 and changes the signal PWM2 from logic high to logic low. The SR latch 332 also turns off the charge switch 314 and turns on the discharge switch 318, and therefore the ramp signal RP2 drops to, e.g., zero volts. The signal PWM2 at logic low can cause a comparison result between the ramp signal RP1 and the preset reference V_PRE to be transferred to the output terminal OUT1 of the second selector 328. The signal PWM2 at logic low can also cause the output voltage V_OUT to decrease. When the output voltage V_OUT decreases to be less the reference voltage V_SET, the comparison signal S_PUL turns to logic high, and the first selector 326 can generate another trigger signal PULSE1, e.g., a signal pulse, again.

Accordingly, the signals PWM1 and PWM2 can be generated alternately, and on-time intervals, e.g., pulse widths, of the signals PWM1 and PWM2 can be determined by the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 respectively. In one embodiment, a ramp slope of the ramp signal RP1 or RP2 is determined by the capacitance of a capacitive component, e.g., the capacitor 308 or 316, and a current that charges the capacitive component. Taking FIG. 3 for example, a ramp slope tan(θ₁) of the ramp signal RP1 can be given by: tan(θ₁)=dV_RP1/dt=I_C308/C₃₀₈, where V_RP1 represents a voltage level of the ramp signal RP1, C₃₀₈ represents the capacitance of the capacitor 308, and I_C308 represents a current that charges the capacitor 308; and a ramp slope tan(θ₂) of the ramp signal RP2 can be given by: tan(θ₂)=dV_RP2/dt=I_C316/C₃₁₆, where V_RP2 represents a voltage level of the ramp signal RP2, C₃₁₆ represents the capacitance of the capacitor 316, and I_C316 represents a current that charges the capacitor 316. In one embodiment, the capacitors 308 and 316 can be chosen and the currents I_C308 and I_C316 can be set such that the ramp slopes tan(θ₁) and tan(θ₂) are controlled to be substantially the same. By way of example, the currents I₃₀₈ and I_C316 can be generated, as shown in FIG. 3, using resistors 304 and 312 respectively. Compared with the voltage level of the input voltage V_IN, voltages across the capacitors 308 and 316, e.g., the voltage levels V_RP1 and V_RP2 of the ramp signals RP1 and PR2, are negligible, and voltages across the resistors 304 and 312 can be considered to be the same. The resistors 304 and 312 can be chosen to have the same resistance, and therefore the currents I_C308 and I_C316 can be substantially the same, e.g., I_C308=I_C316. Also, the capacitors 308 and 316 can be chosen to have the same capacitance, e.g., C₃₀₈=C₃₁₆. As a result, the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 can have substantially the same ramp slope. By way of another example, the resistors 304 and 312 can be chosen such that the resistors 304 and 312 have a preset resistance ratio K, e.g., K=R₃₀₄/R₃₁₂. Hence, the currents I_C308 and I_C316 can have a preset current ratio 1/K, e.g., 1/K=I_C308/I_C316. The capacitors 308 and 316 can also be chosen such that the capacitors 308 and 316 have a preset capacitance ratio 1/K, e.g., 1/K=C₃₀₈/C₃₁₆. As a result, the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 can have substantially the same ramp slope. As used herein, “substantially the same ramp slope” means the ramp slopes of ramp signals (e.g., including but not limited to the ramp signals RP1 and RP2) may have a relatively small difference caused by voltages across capacitive components (e.g., including but not limited to the capacitors 308 and 316) that provide the ramp signals, and caused by non-ideality of associated components (e.g., including the resistors 304 and 312, the charge switches 306 and 314, the capacitors 308 and 316, etc.), and the difference can be neglected.

In one embodiment, since the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 can have substantially the same ramp slope, a time interval, e.g., t_j-t_i, during which the ramp signal RP1 increases from a low voltage level, e.g., zero volts of ground, to a high voltage level, e.g., the preset reference Vp_PRE, can be equal to a time interval, e.g., t_m-t_n, during which the ramp signal RP2 increases from the low voltage level to the high voltage level. As a result, advantageously, the on-time intervals, e.g., pulse widths, of the signals PWM1 and PWM2 can be substantially the same, and the inductor currents I_L212 and I_L214 can have substantially the same ripple magnitude, e.g., be balanced with each other.

FIG. 5 illustrates a timing diagram of examples of a load current I_load of the DC to DC converter 200, the inductor currents I_L212 and I_L214, the comparison signal S_PUL, the trigger signals PULSE1 and PULSE2, the ramp signals RP1 and RP2, the control signals VC1 and VC2, and the signals PWM1 and PWM2, in an embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is described in combination with FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a situation when the DC to DC converter 200 powers a heavy load. In the example of FIG. 5, at time t_e, the load current I_load of the DC to DC converter 200 increases, e.g., power consumed by a load coupled to the DC to DC converter 200 increases, which causes the output voltage V_OUT to be less than the reference voltage V_SET. Thus, as described above, a trigger signal PULSE1 is generated to set the signal PWM1 to be logic high. However, the load may consume a relative large amount of power from the DC to DC converter 200, and the output voltage V_OUT may remain less than the reference voltage V_SET when the signal PWM1 is set to logic high. Advantageously, by using the first selector 326 and the delayers 334 and 336, the signals PWM1 and PWM2 can be generated to increase an output current, e.g., a combination of the inductor currents I_L212 and I_L214, of the DC to DC converter 200 relatively fast, such that the output voltage V_OUT can increase to the reference voltage V_SET.

More specifically, in one embodiment, the first selector 326 can enable its output terminal OUT2 on detection of a rising edge of a signal at its select terminal SEL1, and enable its output terminal OUT1 on detection of a rising edge of a signal at its select terminal SEL2. When the signal at the select terminal SEL2 is logic high, the first selector 326 can also temporarily disable its output terminal OUT1 on detection of a falling edge of a signal at its select terminal SEL1. By way of example, when the select terminal SEL2 is logic high, the output terminal OUT1 of the first selector 326 is enabled. However, during the time the output terminal OUT1 is enabled, if the first selector 326 detects a falling edge at its select terminal SEL1, then the first selector 326 can disable the output terminal OUT1, e.g., at time t_g, for a relatively short time interval Δt_S, and enable the output terminal OUT1 again after the time interval Δt_S. In one embodiment, during the time interval Δt_S, the capacitor 308 can discharge to ground and the ramp signal RP1 can decrease to zero volts. Similarly, during the time when the output terminal OUT2 is enabled, if the first selector 326 detects a falling edge at its select terminal SEL2, then the first selector 326 can disable the output terminal OUT2 for a relatively short time interval Δt_S1, e.g., Δt_S1=Δt_S, and enable the output terminal OUT2 again after the time interval Δt_S1. In one embodiment, during the time interval Δt_S1, the capacitor 316 can discharge to ground and the ramp signal RP2 can decrease to zero volts. Additionally, in one embodiment, when the delayer 334 detects a rising edge of a signal at its input terminal (labeled “IN”), the delayer 334 can generate a signal at logic high at its non-inverting output terminal (labeled “DLY”) with a predetermined delay Δt_D, and generate a signal at logic low at its inverting output terminal (labeled “DLYB”) with the predetermined delay Δt_D. When the delayer 334 detects a falling edge of a signal at its input terminal IN, the delayer 334 can generate a signal at logic low at its non-inverting output terminal DLY and generate a signal at logic high at its inverting output terminal DLYB, without delay.

As shown in FIG. 5, at time t_e, the delayer 334 detects a logic-high level of the signal PWM1. The delayer 334 can generate a logic-high select signal DLY, e.g., at time t_f, with a predetermined delay Δt_D, e.g., Δt_D=t_f-t_e. Thus, at time t_f, the first selector 326 can enable its output terminal OUT2 to generate a trigger signal PULSE2, such that the signal PWM2 is set to logic high. During time t_f to time t_g, the signals PWM1 and PWM2 are overlapped, the inductor currents I_L212 and I_L214 increase in parallel, and the ramp signals RP1 and RP2 increase in parallel. When the ramp signal RP1 increases to the preset reference Vp_PRE, e.g., at time t_g, the signal PWM1 is set to be logic low, and therefore the delayer 334 sets the select signal DLY to logic low. Thus, the first selector 326 disables the output terminal OUT1 to set the trigger signal PULSE1 to logic low at time at time t_g, and enable output terminal OUT1 to set the trigger signal PULSE1 to logic high after a time interval Δt_s. In response to a rising edge of the trigger signal PULSE1, the signal PWM1 is set to logic high again. In other words, when the ramp signal RP1 increases to the preset reference V_PRE, the trigger signal PULSE1 can turn to logic low, and then turn to logic high after a time interval Δt_S to cause another pulse of the signal PWM1 to be generated. Similarly, when the ramp signal RP2 increases to the preset reference V_PRE, the trigger signal PULSE2 can turn to logic low, and then turns to logic high after a time interval Δt_S to cause another pulse of the signal PWM2 to be generated. As a result, the signals PWM1 and PWM2 can be phase-shifted and overlapped with each other, and the inductor currents I_L212 and I_L214 can increase in parallel. An output current, e.g., a combination of the inductor currents I_L212 and I_L214, of the DC to DC converter 200 can increase relatively fast such that the output voltage V_OUT increases to the reference voltage V_SET.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a DC to DC converter 600, in an embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is described in combination with FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 6, the DC to DC converter 600 is similar to the DC to DC converter 200 except that the DC to DC converter 600 is an N-phase converter, where n is a natural number greater than two. More specifically, in one embodiment, the DC to DC converter 600 is a buck converter that converts an input voltage V_IN at a high-side terminal 618 to an output voltage V_OUT at a low-side terminal 620, and the output voltage is less than the input voltage. However, the invention is not so limited. In another embodiment, the DC to DC converter 600 is a boost converter that converts an input voltage at the low-side terminal 620 to an output voltage at the high-side terminal 618, and the output voltage is greater than the input voltage. In yet another embodiment, the DC to DC converter 600 is a buck-boost converter. In the example of FIG. 6, the DC to DC converter 600 includes a comparator 602, a controller 604, driver circuits 606_1-606_n, switching circuits 608_1-608_n, inductors 612_1-612_n, and an output capacitor C_OUT. The comparator 602, driver circuits 606_1-606_n, switching circuits 608_1-608_n, inductors 612_1-612_n, and output capacitor C_OUT are similar to the comparator 202, driver circuits 206 and 226, switching circuits 208 and 210, inductors 212 and 214, and output capacitor C_OUT in FIG. 2, respectively.

The controller 604 is also similar to the controller 202 in FIG. 2 except that the controller 604 includes output terminals (labeled “PWM1,” “PWM2,” . . . “PWMn”) to output PWM signals PWM1, PWM2, . . . PWMn (n=3, 4, 5, . . . ). The controller 604 can receive a comparison signal S_PUL from the comparator 602, and can alternately and sequentially generate pulses of the signals PWM1-PWMn according to the comparison signal S_PUL such that the output voltage V_OUT is adjusted to the reference voltage V_SET. Additionally, the controller 604 can generate ramp signals RP1-RPn (not shown in FIG. 6) having substantially the same ramp slope, and can control on-time intervals, e.g., pulse widths, of the signals PWM1-PWMn by comparing the ramp signals RP1-RPn with a preset reference V_PRE. Advantageously, in one embodiment, the controller 204 can control the signals PWM1-PWMn to have substantially the same on-time interval according to the comparison of the ramp signals RP1-RPn with the preset reference V_PRE. Thus, inductor currents flowing through the inductors 612_1-612_n can have substantially the same ripple magnitude, e.g., be balanced with one another.

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a controller 700, in an embodiment according to the present invention. The controller 700 can be one embodiment of the controller 604 in FIG. 6. The FIG. 7 is described in combination with FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 7, the controller 700 includes ramp signal generators 752_1-752_n (n=3, 4, 5, . . . ), ramp signal select circuits 720_1-720_n, a comparator 724, a first selector 726, a second selector 728, and a PWM signal generator 754.

In one embodiment, each ramp signal generator 752_1-752_n generates a ramp signal RP1, RP2, . . . RPn, respectively, and a select signal DLY1, DLY2, . . . , DLYn, respectively, according to a corresponding PWM signal PWM1, PWM2, . . . , or PWMn. More specifically, each ramp signal generator 752_1-752_n can include a unit having a structure similar to a ramp signal generate unit in FIG. 3. By way of example, with reference to FIG. 3, the capacitor 308, charge switch 306, discharge switch 310, and resistor 304 constitute a ramp signal generator unit that generates the ramp signal RP1. Each ramp signal generator 752_1-752_n can include a similar ramp signal generator unit to generate a ramp signal RP1, RP2, RPn, respectively. In addition, each ramp signal generator 752_1-752_n can include a delay unit similar to the delayer 334 or 340 in FIG. 3 except that the delay unit includes a non-inverting output terminal and may or may not include an inverting output terminal. When the delayer unit detects a rising edge of a corresponding PWM signal PWM1, PWM2, . . . , or PWMn, the delayer unit can generate a signal, e.g., DLY1, DLY2, . . . , or DLYn, at a first level such as a logic-high level with a predetermined delay Δt_D. When the delayer unit detects a falling edge of the PWM signal, the delayer unit can generate a signal, e.g., DLY1, DLY2, . . . , or DLYn, at a second level such as a logic-low level without delay.

Each select circuit 720_1-720_n can include a switch, similar to the select switch 320 or 322, that receives a ramp signal RP1, RP2, . . . , or RPn, and selectively transfer the ramp signal to the comparator 724 under control of a select signal SR1, SR2, . . . , or SRn. By way of example, in response to a logic-high level of a select signal SRx (x=1, 2, . . . , or n) from the PWM signal generator 754, a select circuit 720_x turns on a corresponding switch to transfer a ramp signal RPx to the comparator 724. The comparator 724 can be similar to the comparator 324 in FIG. 3.

The first selector 726 can have functions similar to that of the first selector 326 in FIG. 3. By way of example, the first selector 726 can enable its output terminal OUTy (y=2, 3, . . . , n) on detection of a rising edge of a signal at its input terminal SEL(y−1), and can enable its output terminal OUT1 on detection of a rising edge of a signal at its input terminal SELn. While an output terminal OUTx (x=1, 2, . . . , or n) of the first selector 726 is enabled, if the first select 726 detects a falling edge of a signal at its input terminal SELx, the first selector 726 can temporarily disable the output terminal OUTx and enable the output terminal OUTx again after a preset time interval Δt_s. The second selector 728 can be similar to the first selector 726 except the second selector 728 includes inverting input terminals SEL1B-SELnB, while the first selector 726 includes non-inverting input terminals SEL1-SELn. The second selector 728 can enable its output terminal OUTy (y=2, 3, . . . , n) on detection of a falling edge of a signal at its input terminal SEL(y−1)B, and can enable its output terminal OUT1 on detection of a falling edge of a signal at its input terminal SELnB.

The PWM signal generator 754 can include a first set of SR latch units similar to the SR latches 330 and 332 in FIG. 3. Each of the first set of SR latch units can set a respective PWM signal PWMx (x=1, 2, . . . , or n) to logic high on detection of a trigger signal PULSEx from a corresponding output terminal OUTx of the first selector 726, and set the signal PWMx to logic low on detection of a control signal VCx from a corresponding output terminal OUTx of the second selector 728. The PWM signal generator 754 can also include a second set of SR latch units similar to the SR latches 338 and 340 in FIG. 3. Each of the second set of SR latch units can generate a respective select signal SR1 or SRy (y=2, 3, . . . , n) to turn on the switch in a corresponding select circuit 720_1 or 720_y when a falling edge of a corresponding PWM signal PWMy or PWM(y−1) occurs.

Accordingly, similar to the controller 300 in FIG. 3, the controller 700 can generate PWM signals PWM1-PWMn phase-shifted related to one another, and can control an on-time interval, e.g., a pulse width, of a signal PWMx (x=1, 2, . . . , or n) by comparing a corresponding ramp signal RPx with a preset reference V_PRE. Advantageously, the ramp signal generators 752_1-752_n, similar to the ramp signal generating circuitry 352, can control the ramp signals RP1-RPn to have substantially the same ramp slope. As a result, on-time intervals, e.g., pulse widths, of the signals PWM1-PWMn can be substantially the same, and inductor currents flowing through the inductors 612_1-612_n in FIG. 6 can have substantially the same ripple magnitude, e.g., be balanced with one another.

FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart 800 of examples of operations performed by a controller, e.g., 204, 300, 604, or 700, in an embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is described in combination with FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG. 7. Although specific steps are disclosed in FIG. 8, such steps are examples. That is, the present invention is well suited to perform various other steps or variations of the steps recited in FIG. 8.

At step 802, PWM signal generating circuitry, e.g., the circuitry 354 or the signal generator 754, generates a set of PWM signals PWM1-PWMm (m=2, 3, 4, . . . ) that are phase-shifted relative to one another. Each PWM signal of the signals PWM1-PWMm has an on-time state (e.g., a logic-high level) and an off-time state (e.g., a logic-low level).

At step 804, ramp signal generating circuitry, e.g., the circuitry 352 or the signal generators 752_1-752_n, generates a set of ramp signals RP1-RPm having substantially the same ramp slope. Each ramp signal of the ramp signals RP1-RPm is generated in response to detecting an on-time state (e.g., a logic-high level) of a corresponding PWM signal of the signals PWM1-PWMm. For example, a ramp signal RPj (j=1, 2, 3, . . . , m) is generated in response to a pulse of a PWM signal PWMj.

At step 806, a comparing circuit, e.g., the circuit 358 or a combined circuit of the comparator 724 and the second selector 728, alternately compares the ramp signals RP1-RPm with a preset reference V_PRE to generate a set of control signals VC1-VCm. Each control signal of the control signals VC1-VCm is generated according to a comparison between a corresponding ramp signal of the ramp signals RP1-RPm and the preset reference V_PRE. For example, a control signal VCj (j=1, 2, 3, . . . , m) is generated according to a result of a comparison between a ramp signal RPj and the preset reference V_PRE.

At step 808, a PWM signal PWMj (j=1, 2, 3, . . . , m) of the signals PWM1-PWMm is changed from the on-time state to an off-time state according to a corresponding control signal VCj of the control signals VC1-VCm.

In summary, embodiments according to the present invention provide multi-phase DC to DC converters. The DC to DC converter can control states of PWM signals by comparing ramp signals with a preset reference. The DC to DC converter can generate the ramp signals by charging and discharging capacitive components, and can control the ramp signals to have substantially the same ramp slope. The ramp signals, having substantially the same ramp slope, can ramp up or down between the same low voltage level and the same high voltage level. As a result, the PWM signals can have substantially the same on-time interval to balance inductor currents of the DC to DC converter. The DC to DC converters in embodiments according to the present invention can be used in various applications, e.g., power supply systems for integrated circuits, light emitting diodes, display systems, etc.

While the foregoing description and drawings represent embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that various additions, modifications and substitutions may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the principles of the present invention as defined in the accompanying claims. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be used with many modifications of form, structure, arrangement, proportions, materials, elements, and components and otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, which are particularly adapted to specific environments and operative requirements without departing from the principles of the present invention. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, and not limited to the foregoing description.

Claims

1. A controller for a direct-current (DC) to DC converter, comprising:

pulse width modulated (pwm) signal generating circuitry that generates a plurality of pwm signals comprising a first pwm signal and a second pwm signal that are phase-shifted relative to one another, each pwm signal in said plurality of pwm signals having an on-time state and an off-time state;

ramp signal generating circuitry, coupled to said pwm signal generating circuitry, that generates a plurality of ramp signals comprising a first ramp signal and a second ramp signal, and generates an output signal selected from said plurality of ramp signals, wherein said first ramp signal is generated in response to detecting said on-time state of said first pwm signal, and said second ramp signal is generated in response to detecting said on-time state of said second pwm signal, wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry increases said first and second ramp signals in parallel if said first and second pwm signals are overlapped with each other, and wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry comprises:

a select circuit that selects said first ramp signal to be said output signal, and changes said output signal from said first ramp signal to said second ramp signal if a first control signal is generated; and

a comparing circuit, coupled to said ramp signal generating circuitry, that compares said output signal with a preset reference, generates said first control signal to control said first pwm signal to be in said off-time state when said first ramp signal is selected to be said output signal and said output signal increases to said preset reference, and generates a second control signal to control said second pwm signal to be in said off-time state when said second ramp signal is selected to be said output signal and said output signal increases to said preset reference.

2. The controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry comprises:

a plurality of capacitive components; and

a current providing circuit, coupled to said capacitive components, that provides a plurality of currents to charge said capacitive components to generate said plurality of ramp signals at said capacitive components,

wherein said capacitive components are chosen and said currents are set such that said plurality of ramp signals have substantially the same ramp slope, and wherein said plurality of ramp signals comprise said first and second ramp signals.

3. The controller as claimed in claim 2, wherein said select circuit comprises:

a plurality of switches coupled to said capacitive components, wherein a switch of said switches delivers a corresponding ramp signal in said plurality of ramp signals to said comparing circuit if said switch is turned on, and wherein if said corresponding ramp signal increases to said preset reference, then said comparing circuit generates a control signal to turn off said switch and turn on another switch of said switches.

4. The controller as claimed in claim 2, wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry, in response to said on-time state of said first pwm signal, allows a current to charge a corresponding capacitive component that provides said first ramp signal, and wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry, in response to said first control signal, discharges said corresponding capacitive component.

5. The controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pwm signal generating circuitry generates a plurality of trigger signals and controls a pwm signal in said plurality of pwm signals to be in said on-time state in response to detection of a corresponding trigger signal in said trigger signals, and wherein each trigger signal of said trigger signals indicates that an output voltage of said DC to DC converter is less than a reference voltage.

6. The controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pwm signal generating circuitry generates said plurality of pwm signals to control a plurality of switching circuits, and each switching circuit of said switching circuits is coupled to an inductive component and is configured to allow a current to flow through said inductive component.

7. The controller as claimed in claim 6, wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry generates said plurality of ramp signals to have substantially the same ramp slope to control said plurality of pwm signals, and wherein said controller balances currents flowing through the inductive components coupled to said switching circuits by comparing said plurality of ramp signals with said preset reference.

8. A method for controlling a direct-current (DC) to DC converter, said method comprising:

generating a plurality of pulse width modulated (pwm) signals comprising a first pwm signal and a second pwm signal that are phase-shifted relative to one another using pwm signal generating circuitry, each pwm signal in said plurality of pwm signals having an on-time state and an off-time state;

generating, using ramp signal generating circuitry, a plurality of ramp signals comprising a first ramp signal and a second ramp signal;

generating an output signal selected from said plurality of ramp signals;

generating said first ramp signal in response to detecting said on-time state of said first pwm signal;

generating said second ramp signal in response to detecting said on-time state of said second pwm signal;

increasing said first and second ramp signals in parallel if said first and second pwm signals are overlapped with each other;

selecting said first ramp signal to be said output signal;

changing said output signal from said first ramp signal to said second ramp signal if a first control signal is generated;

comparing said output signal with a preset reference;

generating said first control signal to control said first pwm signal to be in said off-time state when said first ramp signal is selected to be said output signal and said output signal increases to said preset reference; and

generating a second control signal to control said second pwm signal to be in said off-time state when said second ramp signal is selected to be said output signal and said output signal increases to said preset reference.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:

providing a plurality of currents to charge a plurality of capacitive components to generate said plurality of ramp signals at said capacitive component,

wherein said capacitive components are chosen and said currents are set such that said plurality of ramp signals have substantially the same ramp slope, and wherein said plurality of ramp signals comprise said first and second ramp signals.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising:

delivering, using a switch in a plurality of switches coupled to said capacitive components, a corresponding ramp signal in said plurality of ramp signals to said comparing circuit if said switch is turned on; and

generating a control signal to turn off said switch and turn on another switch of said switches if said corresponding ramp signal increases to said preset reference.

11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said generating of said first ramp signal comprises:

allowing a current to charge a corresponding capacitive component that provides said first ramp signal, in response to said on-time state of said first pwm signal; and

discharging said corresponding capacitive component in response to said first control signal.

12. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:

generating a plurality of trigger signals; and

controlling a pwm signal in said plurality of pwm signals to be in said on-time state in response to detecting a corresponding trigger signal in said trigger signals,

wherein each trigger signal of said trigger signals indicates that an output voltage of said DC to DC converter is less than a reference voltage.

13. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:

controlling a plurality of switching circuits using said plurality of pwm signals, each switching circuit of said switching circuits coupled to an inductive component and configured to allow a current to flow through said inductive component.

14. The method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:

generating said plurality of ramp signals to have substantially the same ramp slope to control said plurality of pwm signals; and

balancing currents flowing through the inductive components coupled to said switching circuits by comparing said plurality of ramp signals with said preset reference.

15. A direct-current (DC) to DC converter comprising:

a plurality of switching circuits, each switching circuit of said plurality of switching circuits configured to allow a current to flow through an inductive component if said inductive component is coupled to said switching circuit; and

a controller, coupled to said plurality of switching circuits, that generates a plurality of pwm signals comprising a first pwm signal and a second pwm signal that are phase-shifted relative to one another, each pwm signal in said plurality of pwm signals having an on-time state and an off-time state and configured to control a switching circuit of said plurality of switching circuits, wherein said controller comprises:

ramp signal generating circuitry that generates a plurality of ramp signals comprising a first ramp signal and a second ramp signal and generates an output signal selected from said plurality of ramp signals, wherein said first ramp signal is generated in response to detecting said on-time state of said first pwm signal, and said second ramp signal is generated in response to detecting said on-time state of said second pwm signal, wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry increases said first and second ramp signals in parallel if said first and second pwm signals are overlapped with each other, selects said first ramp signal to be said output signal, and changes said output signal from said first ramp signal to said second ramp signal if a first control signal is generated; and

a comparing circuit, coupled to said ramp signal generating circuitry, that compares said output signal with a preset reference, generates said first control signal to control said first pwm signal to be in said off-time state when said first ramp signal is selected to be said output signal and said output signal increases to said preset reference, and generates a second control signal to control said second pwm signal to be in said off-time state when said second ramp signal is selected to be said output signal and said output signal increases to said preset reference.

16. The DC to DC converter as claimed in claim 15, wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry comprises:

a plurality of capacitive components; and

a current providing circuit, coupled to said capacitive components, that provides a plurality of currents to charge said capacitive components to generate said plurality of ramp signals at said capacitive components,

wherein said capacitive components are chosen and said currents are set such that said plurality of ramp signals have substantially the same ramp slope, and wherein said plurality of ramp signals comprise said first and second ramp signals.

17. The DC to DC converter as claimed in claim 16, wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry further comprises:

a plurality of switches coupled to said capacitive components, wherein a switch of said switches delivers a corresponding ramp signal in said plurality of ramp signals to said comparing circuit if said switch is turned on, and wherein if said corresponding ramp signal increases to said preset reference, then said comparing circuit generates a control signal to turn off said switch and turn on another switch of said switches.

18. The DC to DC converter as claimed in claim 16, wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry, in response to said on-time state of said first pwm signal, allows a current to charge a corresponding capacitive component that provides said first ramp signal, and wherein said ramp signal generating circuitry, in response to said first control signal, discharges said corresponding capacitive component.

19. The DC to DC converter as claimed in claim 15, wherein said controller generates a plurality of trigger signals and controls a pwm signal in said plurality of pwm signals to be in said on-time state in response to detection of a corresponding trigger signal in said trigger signals, and wherein each trigger signal of said trigger signals indicates a situation in which an output voltage of said DC to DC converter is less than a reference voltage.

20. The DC to DC converter as claimed in claim 15, wherein said controller generates said plurality of ramp signals to have substantially the same ramp slope to control said plurality of pwm signals, and balances currents flowing through the inductive components coupled to said plurality of switching circuits by comparing said plurality of ramp signals with said preset reference.